区块链并行交易什么意思,区块链并行交易是什么

㈠ A brief discussion on blockchain: How to use blockchain for transfer transactions

In life, we all have our own bank accounts, and transfers are made between bank accounts. of. Similarly, digital currency transfer is the process of transferring Bitcoins from one Bitcoin address to another Bitcoin address. Then if you want to transfer money to others, you need to enter your Bitcoin address, recipient address, transfer amount and handling fee amount on the Bitcoin trading platform, Bitcoin wallet or Bitcoin client. After the payment is confirmed, the transaction information will be broadcast throughout the Bitcoin network. Every 10 minutes, miners will package the unaccounted transactions in the Bitcoin network into a block. This completes a confirmation. At this time, Bitcoin It has been transferred to the recipient's account. Generally, it needs to be confirmed 6 times to ensure that the transaction record cannot be tampered with by anyone before the transfer can be truly completed.

We talked about the transfer fee above, but how much is the fee for one transfer?

The Bitcoin transfer fee is a fee paid by traders to miners. It is used to encourage miners to compete for accounting and provide sufficient computing power for Bitcoin to ensure the security of the Bitcoin network. Some Sometimes we also call this fee the mining fee. When a user initiates a transfer on the Bitcoin network, a handling fee is unavoidable. Generally, it is 0.001-0.0015 Bitcoins. Due to the limited capacity of transaction records that can be accommodated in blocks, miners will give priority to packaging transaction records with high handling fees. , so a little more handling fee can be recorded faster.

This article is compiled and published by Huixinyun. I will continue to update the "Brief Talk about Blockchain" series. This series will introduce some basic knowledge of blockchain and digital currency, so stay tuned!

(Huixin Cloud - IT collaborative industry ecological chain platform. The platform has product managers who study blockchain technology applications and mature product solutions for blockchain technology applications. Looking forward to visiting!) < /p>

㈡ What is blockchain

In the simplest terms, blockchain is a distributed ledger.

To understand what this means, we first have to look at its opposite: a centralized ledger. Because blockchain technology started with finance, we will also introduce it below using banks as an example.

The following is our process for using bank debit card transactions:

You can swipe your card to purchase goods in stores.

The merchant sends a statement to your bank for the agreed upon amount.

Your bank will verify that you may have authorized the purchase.

The bank sends the money to the merchant.

Finally, the bank records this information in its ledger.

There’s a lot of technology involved here, but that’s basically it. The last step is very important- Banks record all transactions made by customers. This ledger goes all the way back to the first transaction the bank made.

This ledger is kept, maintained and regulated by the bank. You can read it in your online bank account, but you can't change it. The bank has complete control. If it decides to make a change, there's nothing you can do about it.

Crucially, if hackers were able to access a bank’s ledger, that could cause a lot of problems. They can change the account balance to make it look like certain transactions never occurred, etc.

This is why distributed ledgers are so cool.

Blockchain network visualization

If a bank operates on a distributed ledger, each member of the bank will have a copy of the ledger, and whenever any member of the bank When they make a purchase, they tell every other member of the bank.

Each member will validate the transaction and add it to the ledger (the added records are called "blocks"). This has some important benefits, as there is no centralized authority that can manipulate records. Hackers accessing one ledger won't be a big problem because other ledgers can easily verify it.

On the other hand, it requires a lot of work. In short, the second system is blockchain (at least in financial scenarios).

As mentioned above, blockchain is a decentralized list of transactions. If I send Xiao Ming 2 Bitcoins, I send a message to everyone in the network saying "I am sending Xiao Ming 2 Bitcoins" and they all record the transaction.

The future of blockchain, how will it change our lives?

One thing that is important about blockchain is that it is a public resource and no one really owns it because everyone owns it.

Blockchain is not just science fiction. We don’t need to understand the mechanism behind this technology, but you do need to understand that it may completely change our lives in the next 20 years.

This may sound bold, but remember, 20 years ago we were browsing the Internet on Netscape, using state-of-the-art Motorola flip phones, and buying our first DVD players. At that time, if we imagined that a computer could be held in our hands and that we could buy cars, make payments, and watch movies, it would have been considered a fantasy.

Although the impact of blockchain may not be as obvious as the Internet, nor as tangible as mobile phones, blockchain will effectively solve many worries in daily life. Such as intermediaries cheating people, transaction delays, etc. In our current lives, middlemen are everywhere and we take them for granted as a part of life. If one day these intermediaries cease to exist, you will find that the world will become a different place.

Fantasy, get to 204In 0 years, blockchain may become a mature and widely used technology. When one day you can't live without the blockchain just like you can't live without the Internet now, you will be surprised to find that this decentralized accounting technology has simplified the complexity and become a part of your lifestyle

(iii) Why does second-hand housing transactions require blockchain?

With the rapid development of Internet technology, second-hand housing direct sales platforms have developed rapidly in recent years. Similar to "Lianjia Second-hand House Direct Sales Network" and "I Love My Home Without Intermediary Business", other representative second-hand house self-sale platforms aim to allow house buyers and house sellers to trade more directly, especially in the case of disputes arising from real estate intermediaries and transactions. have been solved to a certain extent. And will the emergence of these direct sales platforms de-intermediate second-hand housing transactions in the future?

Regarding this issue, we need to note that in the context of possible de-intermediation of second-hand housing transactions in the future, in addition to direct sales platforms, more reasons come from the development of blockchain technology. As blockchain technology becomes more mature, a new real estate platform called "Blockchain Real Estate Transaction Registration Platform" has begun to emerge, and its biggest feature is that it completely records housing transaction information on the blockchain. Let buyers and sellers have more security for each other.

From this perspective, the scenario in which second-hand housing transactions may be completely de-intermediated in the future is rather confusing. Because "complete deintermediation" does not mean "cancel the existence of brokers" or "cancel intermediary services", but means that house buyers and house sellers complete the house buying and selling process more directly through transactions on the blockchain platform. , and have more effective protection in terms of information.

But in any case, from the perspective of consumers, the impact of such deintermediation on consumers in the future will be extremely profound. On the one hand, based on blockchain registration, consumers can obtain a more convenient, secure and transparent housing transaction experience. For example, in house purchase and sale transactions, such a system will realize mutual supervision and use blockchain to eliminate unnecessary intervention by intermediaries. On the other hand, it will make consumers' housing transactions safer, and records of fraud that cannot be related to disintermediation will be completely recorded on the Bingzhi blockchain to protect consumers' legitimate rights and interests from infringement.

Taken together, the emergence of second-hand house direct sales platforms and the gradual maturity of blockchain technology will have a profound impact on second-hand house transactions in the future. Second-hand housing transactions may be de-intermediated in the future. In this context, consumers can obtain a more transparent, convenient and secure housing transaction experience, which will expand the development space of China's real estate market and help China's real estate industry become healthier and more stable. Development

㈣ How to apply blockchain technology in bank international settlement

At this stage, banks mainly provide remittances, collections and credit in international business. There are three settlement methods. There are problems of credit and exchange rate risks, low efficiency, and high costs. In addition, banks mostly use their own credit to intervene in international settlements, and it is easy to form their own orHaving liabilities reduces the quality of its balance sheet. Banks should actively promote innovation in international settlement business based on blockchain technology, build a new system for international settlement business, and provide safe, stable, low-cost, and efficient international settlement business.

㈤ What does blockchain mean and how to understand it

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

Notes

1. Blockchain originated from Bitcoin in November 2008 On March 1, a person claiming to be Satoshi Nakamoto published the article "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", which elaborated on P2P network technology, encryption technology, timestamp technology, blockchain technology, etc. The architectural concept of the electronic cash system marked the birth of Bitcoin.

Two months later, the theory came into practice, and on January 3, 2009, the first genesis block with serial number 0 was born. A few days later, block number 1 appeared on January 9, 2009, and was connected to the genesis block number 0 to form a chain, marking the birth of the blockchain.

2. In order to realize the great leap forward development of blockchain finance, in order to promote the new development of China’s economy, accelerate the circulation of global assets, and realize the dream of rejuvenation that generations have been striving for, Puyin Group launched the On the 9th, a Puyin Blockchain Finance Guiyang Strategy Release Ceremony was held in Guizhou. At the meeting, the digital circulation of assets through blockchain, the blockchain financial transaction model, and the application of blockchain services and social public industries will be discussed. Start a discussion.

㈥ The secret hidden in the characteristics of currency circulation, how DCEP elegantly solves the "double-spending problem"

We have already talked about the previous article, the account system can perfectly solve the problem of data As a currency, there will be a double-spending problem, but due to this account mechanism, the circulation of currency will lose its parallel characteristics, making it difficult to accommodate a large number of transactions at the same time in an independent system.

So, how can we enable these accounts to achieve parallel processing of data?

Think about the account structure in another way.

In our previous account system, different user accounts recorded a number. We used a number to represent the amount of currency held by a user. But now instead of using a number to represent the currency amount of an account, we'll turn each currency intoAn independent data segment is recorded in the ledger.

When a user wants to conduct a transaction, he only needs to select a part of the currency, copy these currencies to the new user, and mark the currency in the original user's hand as invalid.

Assume that there are 100 pieces of currency representing one yuan in Zhang San’s account. Each one-yuan currency has a unique number. Then when Zhang San transfers 50 yuan to Li Si, Zhang San You only need to select these 50 currencies in your account and tell the account manager that I want to transfer these 50 currencies to Li Si. After the account manager receives such an information request, he will mark the 50 currencies in the account as invalid. At the same time, 50 new one-yuan currencies were generated in Li Si's account.

This processing method is now used in the so-called Bitcoin UTXO structure. Its advantage is that it allows currency to be transferred from multiple accounts to multiple accounts at the same time. The system will automatically add a timestamp during the transaction. If a user uses the same UTXO to pay two people, the nodes in the system will only confirm the one received first.

However, the actual implementation of Bitcoin transactions does not adopt the approach of 50 pieces of one dollar, but allows each currency to have its own denomination.

This is also easy to understand, because since currency can be generated and destroyed, why not directly generate a 50 yuan ticket, which is simpler and more convenient.

In the Bitcoin account ledger, currency is recorded in the form of a string. Each currency has its own independent ID. This ID is determined by the UTXO transaction hash value and the position index in the UTXO.

The advantage of this accounting method is that the transaction logic is clear. It can analyze the dependencies between transactions through algorithms and will be able to achieve a certain degree of parallel processing of transactions.

Although the problem of parallelization is solved and the concept of real currency exists in the system, users do not actually own these currencies, they are stored on the blockchain.

In this case, why don’t we let users “hold” these currencies?

It sounds like this is just a simple operation, as long as the data record of this currency is taken from our ledger to the user.

But this small change can make our entire system achieve a qualitative leap.

Actually, this is the design logic of DCEP.

Let users actually hold a string representing currency in their hands. These string data are signed using digital signature technology to ensure that the currency is indeed issued by the central bank.

In this way, the entire DCEP system gets rid of the original ledger. What circulates in the system is not just value, but cash. All user transactions will be expressed as an exchange process of encrypted strings. In this way, the equivalence relationship between the currency circulation process and cash is truly realized.

This method can truly make the circulation of digital currency simulate the circulation of real currency, which is fundamentally different from any existing ledger recording method.

In the original form of the ledger, all the user has is a string that proves your identity, not cash. Cash is placed in the hands of the bookkeeping agency. In other words, what the user owns is only the value of the currency, not the physical properties of the currency. Users never know what the governing body is doing with its own cash.

In addition, in daily life, users do not pay attention to the serial number of the currency stored in the bank. They just need to consider the denomination of the currency when using it. Such a design will cause the currency to exhibit different characteristics from real cash.

For example, the currency recorded in the account can be divided. In theory, this division can be carried out indefinitely. There is no difference between two identical dollars in the account system. They are just a number recorded in the system.

Speaking of this, I have to mention a concept from the blockchain industry-NFT.

This concept differs from the way a bank account records value. Its full name is non-fungible token.

To put it simply, every currency is different. Just like cash, although two pieces of one-hundred-dollar currency are both worth one hundred yuan, they are physically different.

In reality, every real currency can be truly held by anyone. The physical properties and value of money are managed uniformly. Each currency also has a unique number, which can be used to track the currency and also ensures the independence of the currency itself. Every currency is indivisible. We cannot tear a hundred dollar bill in half and use half of it as fifty dollars. Then, if we need to adjust the denomination of currency, we must exchange the currency in hand.

The difference between the above two systems is essentially the difference between cash and accounts.

From this perspective, the DCEP design pattern illustratesIt's just real cash.

Any of its attributes, including circulation characteristics, are exactly the same as real cash.

On this basis, because data can be transmitted and managed remotely, DCEP has greater advantages than cash.

As a form of expression of cash, DCEP’s technical design cannot of course be completed by an account mechanism.

Although digital currency can achieve parallel currency circulation after reaching the hands of users, considering that the data itself can be copied, the digital signature used to ensure the authenticity of DCEP even After being copied, it can also be correctly verified. We still need to solve the "double-spending problem" of digital currency.

The solution to this problem lies in the circulation characteristics of cash currency.

As mentioned before, every piece of cash has a unique number.

In fact, this number is the key to solving the DCEP double-spending problem. Through numbering, we can solve the "double spend problem" elegantly.

The "double spend problem" simply means that the payer has paid a sum of money to the recipient, but still has control over the transferred currency. In other words, the money is owned by two people at the same time.

From this perspective, the core point of avoiding currency "double spending" is to ensure that a currency can only be owned by one person at the same time.

In the DCEP scenario, through the number of the DCEP itself, we can successfully track the owner of each currency.

Therefore, under the DCEP system, the way to solve the problem is to construct a registration center to record the mapping relationship between the DCEP string number and the owner's identity number.

As described in the process in the figure, when Alice sends a digital currency to Bob, Alice first sends Bob the digital currency string she owns. At the same time, Alice will also notify the digital currency registration center that the ownership of her currency 0x001 has been transferred. The digital currency registration center will verify Alice's identity based on the digital signature information sent by Alice and ensure that Alice is indeed the owner of currency 0x001, and then modify the ownership record of this currency to Bob.

Although we use a registration center to record identity changes in all currency transfer processes, this center does not limit the entire digital currency.Coin performance. Because each currency managed by the digital currency registration center is independent of each other, it naturally meets the characteristics of being stateless. On this basis, the entire system can be infinitely expanded in parallel, which means that the core system of DCEP can theoretically provide unlimited expansion of high-performance support to the outside world.

As for Stateless, this is a computer term.

Stateless design can ensure that there are no performance bottlenecks in the entire system. As long as the design of any system meets the characteristics of Stateless, the performance of the system can be infinitely expanded.

In the entire digital currency registration center system, the ownership record of each currency is independent, just like the process of real cash circulating in society.

In a sense, the design goal of DCEP is to provide support for the currency circulation process across the country and even the world. This places high demands on the performance of the entire system.

The technical solution adopted by DCEP to simulate the real cash flow process can not only cleverly solve the double-spending problem that may occur in digital currency, but also ensure the circulation of currency by relying on the parallel characteristics of currency circulation. The settlement process can be perfectly parallelized.

Regardless of the form of cryptocurrency on the blockchain or the technical characteristics of its implementation, the design model of DCEP can be said to be completely different from that of the blockchain.

In essence, no matter what form the blockchain takes, it is a form of ledger, and the implementation of DCEP is a kind of real cash.

Obviously, the design of DCEP is more in line with the needs of the digital currency scenario.

㈦ How to trade in blockchain

Blockchain transactions are generally traded through digital currency trading platforms. There are many related platform introductions on non-small platforms, you can choose according to your needs
Explained from an academic perspective, blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. Blockchain is essentially a decentralized database.
For example, if you are a woman, every time your boyfriend says something disgusting to you or promises to buy you something, you immediately record it and send it to all your best friends, classmates, Colleagues, as well as various groups and circles of friends, make it impossible for him to deny it anymore. This is called blockchain.
The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization. It can use data encryption, timestamps, distributed consensus and economic incentives to create a distributed system in which nodes do not need to trust each other.It realizes point-to-point transactions, coordination and collaboration based on decentralized credit, thereby providing solutions to the problems of high cost, low efficiency and insecure data storage common in centralized institutions.
The application fields of blockchain include digital currency, certificates, finance, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. With the popularity of blockchain and Bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered. , which has had a relatively large impact on the domain name industry.

What are the differences between bep20 and bep2?

Difference: BEP2 is the Binance Chain network, and BEP20 is the Binance Smart Chain (BSC) network.
BEP2 token is a cryptocurrency based on the Binance blockchain. This blockchain is called Binance Chain. Binance Chain has its own rules when it comes to programming, issuing, and managing new cryptocurrencies. These are in the BEP2 protocol, and every cryptomunt issued under this protocol is a BEP2 token. Examples of tokens issued under this protocol are Mithril, C, BEP2, and Binance Coin. It is similar to the ERC20 token of the Ethereum blockchain. If a company wants to issue a cryptocurrency on the Ethereum blockchain, then it must comply with the ERC20 protocol. **All tokens that comply with the rules of the protocol are ERC20 tokens. OmiseGo, Golem and Aelf are famous examples. More and more cryptocurrencies are being launched under the BEP2 protocol. This new variant is a real competitor to the ERC20 protocol. Binance Coin (BNB) is the original cryptocurrency of Binance Chain and was created in the Genesis block. The genesis block is the first block of the blockchain. Binance Coin is used to pay for transactions on the blockchain. It provides users with the same advantages as before when running on Ethereum. Users still benefit from lower fees.
Extended information:
Binance Chain (BC) On April 23, 2019, Binance launched the mainnet of its proprietary blockchain, called Binance Chain. As part of the mainnet launch, users of Binance’s ERC20 token ERC20 BNB will need to convert their Ethereum tokens on the mainnet exchange to receive BNB. Binance Chain (Binance Chain, hereinafter referred to as BC). BC was launched in April 2019 and is the first public chain in Binance’s dual public chain plan. In addition to basic token issuance, use and exchange functions, BC also has high throughput and low latency characteristics that are comparable to centralized systems. It is the transaction speed and good performance of Binance Decentralized Exchange (Binance Dex). Experience guaranteed. On the basis of inheriting the professional financial product module of Binance centralized exchange, Binance Dex attempts to use the advantages and concepts of decentralized trading to solve a series of pain points of centralized exchanges such as false currency additions and opaque user assets. Asset control is returned to users.
Binance Smart Chain (Binance Smart Chain (BSC for short) BSC can be seen as a blockchain parallel to Binance Chain. It mainly serves the Binance DeFi ecosystem and also completes Binance’s dual public chain model. BSC has certain innovations in the consensus algorithm. The PoSA (Proof of Stake Authority) consensus algorithm it adopts combines the functions of the Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) and the Proof of Authority (PoA) mechanisms and is built on a network of 21 verification nodes. , second-level block generation time can establish high-speed infrastructure for DeFi protocols. The term “smart” in BSC refers to the functions related to smart contracts in 2022: BSC supports smart contract writing functions and is compatible with the existing Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and all applications and applications under its ecosystem. Tools, developers can easily migrate and deploy Ethereum DApps, saving development effort. Finally, as a parallel chain that can interact with BC, BSC natively supports cross-chain communication and transactions.

㈨ What is blockchain technology and how it changes business and financial models

Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger technology that allows Multiple participants work together on a decentralized network to maintain a secure, transparent and immutable record. Blockchain technology was originally designed for the digital currency Bitcoin, but is now widely used in many other fields.

The core features of blockchain technology include:

Decentralization: Blockchain has no central control agency, and data is distributed on various nodes in the network, which makes it decentralized. The centralization feature reduces the risk of single points of failure.

Transparency: Transaction records on the blockchain are public to all participants, and anyone can view these records. This helps increase trust and reduce the risk of fraud.

Immutable: Once a transaction is recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be easily modified or deleted. This guarantees data integrity and security.

Smart contracts: Transactions on the blockchain can be automatically executed to implement "smart contracts", which automatically execute corresponding operations when specific conditions are met. This helps simplify complex business processes and reduce costs.

Blockchain technology has had a profound impact on business and financial models, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Reducing costs: Blockchain technology can reduce intermediary links and reduce costs. Transaction costs and operating costs. For example, by adopting blockchain for cross-border payments, remittance fees can be significantly reduced.

Improve efficiency: The automation and smart contract features of blockchain technology help improve the efficiency of business processes, reduce manual intervention, and reduce error rates.

Enhance trust: The transparency and non-tamperability of blockchain technology help to establish a reliable trust system, reduce the risk of fraud, and provideBusiness activities provide better protection.

Innovative business models: Blockchain technology has spawned many new business models, such as decentralized finance (DeFi), digital asset trading, supply chain finance, etc. These new business models have brought disruptive changes to existing industries.

In short, blockchain technology, as an emerging technical means, is gradually changing the landscape of business and finance. With the continuous development of technology and the in-depth promotion of applications, blockchain is expected to have a more extensive and far-reaching impact in the future