2018区块链技术与场景落地峰会,2018年区块链

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① What is the prospect of blockchain content?

Analysis of China’s blockchain industry expenditure scale and application prospects in 2018. It will be close to US$300 million in 2019. Solve shortcomings and promote economic development< p>Blockchain technology is expected to be widely used in the economic field

Blockchain technology has strong practical significance in cultivating new drivers of economic growth, building an honest society, improving the level of management technology, and easing the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. , is expected to be widely used in the economic field. At present, the application of blockchain technology is still in the early stage of development and faces many challenges. We must actively promote the application of blockchain in multiple fields, scenarios and environments of the economy and society, create a good industrial development environment, improve the quality of development, and strengthen Blockchain core technology research and development, professional application demonstration, strengthening standard manufacturing, talent training and the construction of public service platforms.

China’s blockchain market expenditure will be close to US$300 million in 2019

According to the “In-depth Analysis Report on Business Model Innovation and Investment Opportunities in China’s Blockchain Industry” released by the Qianzhan Industry Research Institute 》Statistics show that as of 2017, China’s blockchain market expenditure was only US$83 million. In 2018, China’s blockchain market expenditure will reach US$160 million. It is also predicted that China’s blockchain market spending will be close to US$300 million in 2019. At this stage, the overall market size of blockchain is small. This is because most of the blockchain projects on the market are in the experimental stage and the investment is not large. On the other hand, many companies have realized the potential of blockchain and plan to increase their budgets in the future. Affected by this, China's blockchain market will usher in rapid growth, with market expenditures expected to reach US$1.95 billion in 2023. The average annual compound growth rate from 2019 to 2023 is 60.51%.

Statistics and forecasts of China’s blockchain market expenditure from 2017 to 2023

Data source: Compiled by Qianzhan Industry Research Institute

Analysis of unfavorable factors for the development of China’s blockchain

1. The technology is not mature enough. At present, blockchain technology is not yet mature in terms of system stability, application security, and business models, and cannot meet the requirements of "high efficiency and low energy", "decentralization" and "security" at the same time. First, performance issues. The transaction throughput that can be carried out on the blockchain is not high, and the current block capacity is very small, which leads to network congestion and high-frequency business needs are difficult to meet. Many projects are also working on optimization, but they are far from real scenarios such as banks. There is still a certain distance between the transaction throughput of , stock exchanges, etc. Second, there is the issue of consensus mechanism. In terms of energy consumption, consensus algorithms such as workload proof consume a lot of energy and cost, causing the blockchain to waste a lot of computing power and matching power across the entire network. In terms of types, the current blockchain consensus mechanisms are too few in type and will be diversified in the future. In business scenarios, a richer consensus mechanism is inevitably needed to adapt. Third, security issues. Privacy protection, harmful information on the chain, smart contract vulnerabilities, consensus mechanism and private key protection, computing power attacks, cryptographic algorithm security and other issues, all make the blockchain face a severe situation of platform security and application security. Fourth, database issues. Unlike traditional databases, blockchain applications require a large number of write operations, HASH calculations, and verification operations. Database systems specifically for blockchain are still difficult to overcome.

2. The application scenario is unclear

Currently, the blockchain project is still in the exploratory stage, and no specific implementation scenario can be found. At present, promising areas include finance, sharing economy, Internet of Things, public services, etc. However, judging from the maturity of existing blockchain technology, there are still many problems in blockchain applications, and there is still a gap between actual use. First, the immaturity of blockchain technology has restricted commercial applications. Although there are currently many types of core blockchain technologies such as privacy protection algorithms and consensus mechanisms, they are generally not commercially available. Secondly, the application model of blockchain is still being explored, and the "irreplaceable" advantages of blockchain have not yet been realized. The blockchain itself represents a consensus system, and a consensus system that conforms to the corresponding business scenario should be built from a higher level, not just "business + blockchain". China has a large number of users, complex business scenarios, and any commercial product will involve a very large traffic and population, and the current blockchain technology cannot satisfy it.

3. Scarcity of professional talents

Blockchain technology is a multi-disciplinary and cross-field technology, which mainly involves operating systems, network communications, cryptography, mathematics, and finance. , production, etc., but currently our country still has shortcomings in interdisciplinary fields and fields, and the supply of talents in related fields is seriously insufficient. On the one hand, there is a huge gap in R&D technical talents. Blockchain technology research and development mainly focuses on programming languages ​​​​such as Go, Javascript, C and C+, and new smart contracts use new functional programming languages ​​​​such as Haskell, Ocaml, and Rholang. There is a huge gap in China's talent market for technical talents with senior R&D experience in relevant languages. On the other hand, there is a lack of design talent at the bottom level. Different from R&D technical talents, blockchain underlying system architecture design talents must master multiple cross-disciplinary professional skills. They must not only have an in-depth understanding of the underlying design principles of blockchain and have experience in the design of various system architectures, but also master the business logic of specific application scenarios. . Although some colleges and universities have launched cross-disciplinary education and blockchain-specific technical disciplines, professional talents are still very scarce.

Analysis of favorable factors for the development of China’s blockchain

1. Favorable policies promote development. In January 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the "Software and Information Technology Service Industry Development Plan (2016-2020)", which proposed requirements for innovation in blockchain and other fields to reach international advanced levels. In August 2017, the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Further Expanding and Upgrading Information Consumption to Continuously Release the Potential of Domestic Demand" and proposed to carry out pilot applications based on new technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence. In October 2017, the State Council issued the "On Actively Promoting Supply Chain Innovation""Guiding Opinions on Innovation and Application" proposes to study and use emerging technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence to establish a credit evaluation mechanism based on the supply chain.

In March 2018, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the "Key Points of the Standardization Work of the Informatization and Software Service Industry in 2018", proposing to promote the establishment of the National Informatization and Industrialization Integrated Management Standardization Technical Committee, the National Blockchain and Distributed Records Accounting Technology Standardization Committee. In June 2018, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Industrial Internet Development Action Plan (2018-2020)" to encourage and promote the application research of emerging cutting-edge technologies such as edge computing, deep learning, and blockchain in the Industrial Internet.

Since blockchain was first included in the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" National Informatization Plan in 2016, blockchain has increasingly received attention and attention from the national government. Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Hebei, Twenty-four provinces, cities or regions including Jiangsu, Shandong, Guizhou, Gansu and Hainan have launched dividend policies, carried out the layout of the blockchain industry chain, and actively explored industry applications based on blockchain.

2. The blockchain industry is gradually taking shape

At present, my country’s blockchain technology continues to innovate, and the blockchain industry is gradually taking shape, starting in supply chain finance, credit reporting, and product traceability. , copyright transactions, digital identity, electronic evidence and other fields, it is expected to promote technological change, organizational change and efficiency change in our country's economic system, making important contributions to building a modern economic system. With the continuous influx of entrepreneurs and capital, the number of enterprises has increased rapidly. Blockchain applications will accelerate the implementation, promote high-quality development of traditional industries, accelerate industrial transformation and upgrading, use blockchain technology to "reduce costs" and "increase efficiency" for the real economy, and promote the standardized development of traditional industries. In addition, blockchain technology is evolving into new business formats and becoming a new driving force for economic development. Blockchain technology is promoting a new round of business model changes and becoming an important support for building an honest social system.

3. Broad application prospects in the future

In the past, the circulation of physical banknotes was difficult to trace, but with the application of blockchain technology, the flow of all digital assets can be traced There will be "chains" to check. For example, in the financial field, blockchain is expected to solve the pain points and difficulties in the payment field, reduce the complexity of transactions, increase the end-to-end speed of transactions, reduce communication costs during transactions, and improve the transparency and non-tamperability of transaction records. The cost of reconciliation, clearing, and settlement between financial institutions, especially cross-border financial institutions, has always been high, and there are complex manual processes. Blockchain technology has data that cannot be tampered with and is traceable, and its application can help reduce financial costs. The cost of reconciliation and dispute resolution between institutions can significantly improve the processing speed and efficiency of payment business, and also make small-amount cross-border payments possible. In addition, the application of blockchain will also extend to many fields such as medical health, education, charity, social management, etc. The market prospects are very broad.

② 2018-10-05 Xiaobai learns blockchain - what is a sub-chain

1. What is a sub-chain

Compared with the concept of parent chain, a simple understanding is that it is a blockchain built on the basis of the underlying parent chain, and the chain on the chain is the child chain.

2. Characteristics of sub-chains

1. Sub-chains are representatives of various industries or vertical fields of the blockchain, and they also subdivide various blockchain projects in various fields. collectively.

2. When a sub-chain is created, the relevant information of the sub-chain will be recorded in the parent chain, which means that the data uploaded to the chain must rely on the parent chain for preservation, validation, traceability, etc.

3. The sub-chain has the characteristics of efficient processing capabilities, convenience and wide coverage.

3. Application of sub-chain

Press one may be a relatively well-known sub-chain based on Mixin Network. It is mainly a sub-chain for identity authentication and data uploading. Chain is the first sub-chain connected to NULS. It is a blockchain project that uses blockchain technology to combat counterfeit products and provides brand merchants with the most credible technology to protect their brand image.

③ What are the three core technologies of blockchain

Introduction to the 7 core technologies of blockchain operation 2018-01-15
1. Blockchain Link
As the name suggests, blockchain is a chain composed of blocks. Each block is divided into two parts: block header and block body (including transaction data). The block header includes the hash (PrevHash) value (also known as the hash value) of the previous block used to implement block linking and the random number (nonce) used to calculate the mining difficulty. The hash value of the previous block is actually the hash value of the header of the previous block, and the rules for calculating random numbers determine which miner can obtain the power to record the block.
2. Consensus Mechanism
Blockchain was born with Bitcoin and is the basic technical architecture of Bitcoin. Blockchain can be understood as a decentralized accounting system based on the Internet. Decentralized digital currency systems like Bitcoin require blockchain to ensure the consistency of accounting by honest nodes without a central node. Therefore, the core of blockchain technology is a consensus mechanism that reaches consensus on the legality of transactions among individuals who have no basis for trust in each other without central control.
There are currently four main categories of blockchain consensus mechanisms: PoW, PoS, DPoS, and distributed consensus algorithms.
3. Unlocking script
Script is an important technology for automatic verification and automatic execution of contracts on the blockchain. Each output of each transaction does not strictly point to an address, but to a script. A script is like a set of rules that govern how the recipient can spend the assets locked on this output.
The legality verification of transactions also relies on scripts. Currently it relies on two types of scripts: locking scripts andUnlock script. The locking script is a condition added to the output transaction, implemented through a script language, and is located at the output of the transaction. The unlocking script corresponds to the locking script. Only if the conditions required by the locking script are met, the corresponding assets on this script can be spent, which is located at the input of the transaction. Many flexible conditions can be expressed through scripting languages. The interpretation script is similar to a "virtual machine" in our programming field, which is distributed and runs on every node in the blockchain network.
4. Transaction Rules
Blockchain transactions are the basic units that constitute blocks, and are also the actual effective content that the blockchain is responsible for recording. A blockchain transaction can be a transfer or other transactions such as the deployment of smart contracts.
In the case of Bitcoin, a transaction refers to a payment transfer. The transaction rules are as follows:
1) The input and output of the transaction cannot be empty.
2) For each input of the transaction, if its corresponding UTXO output can be found in the current transaction pool, the transaction will be rejected. Because the current transaction pool is a transaction that has not been recorded in the blockchain, and each input of the transaction should come from a confirmed UTXO. If found in the current transaction pool, it is a double spend transaction.
3) For each input in the transaction, its corresponding output must be UTXO.
4) Each input unlocking script (unlocking) must work with the corresponding output locking script (locking) to verify the compliance of the transaction.
5. Transaction priority
The priority of blockchain transactions is determined by the blockchain protocol rules. For Bitcoin, the priority of a transaction being included in a block is determined by the time it takes for the transaction to be broadcast to the network and the size of the transaction. As the time it takes for a transaction to be broadcast to the network increases and the chain age of the transaction increases, the priority of the transaction is increased and will eventually be included in the block. For Ethereum, the priority of a transaction is also related to the transaction fee that the publisher of the transaction is willing to pay. The higher the transaction fee that the publisher is willing to pay, the higher the priority of the transaction being included in the block.
6.Merkle proof
The original application of Merkle proof is the Bitcoin system (Bitcoin), which was described and created by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. The Bitcoin blockchain uses Merkle proofs in order to store transactions in every block. This makes the transaction unable to be tampered with and makes it easy to verify whether the transaction is included in a specific block.
7.RLP
RLP (Recursive Length Prefix, recursive length prefix encoding) is a main encoding method for object serialization in Ethereum. Its purpose is to encode any nested sequence of binary data.

④ "2018 Blockchain Development Report" pdf download to read the full text online, seek Baidu Netdisk cloud resources

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Introduction: Entrepreneurship Bang released the "2018 Blockchain Development Report". The report found that blockchain will be more effective in industries that have mutual trust needs, need to go to intermediary platforms to improve transaction efficiency, and have online structured data. Blockchain applications will be the first to be implemented in the financial field, and will gradually penetrate into social credit reporting, entertainment, supply chain, medical care, education, logistics and other fields.

⑤ What challenges does the blockchain currently face?

What challenges does the blockchain currently face
At this stage, blockchain Application projects in the field are mainly divided into two aspects: first, new business models that are more compatible with blockchain technology, such as cross-border payment, supply chain finance, product traceability and other scenarios; second, reforms based on existing centralized businesses The application is to use the economic incentive mechanism of Token.
With the development of technology, the number of application projects in this field is expanding rapidly. Many people believe that 2018 will be the year when blockchain will truly integrate with the real economy and explode. However, blockchain technology is still in its early development stage and faces challenges including the regulatory environment, lack of talent, and technical awareness.

From a technical perspective, applying blockchain technology to actual industry scenarios requires solving issues such as transaction speed, data consensus, and node maintenance. The current Bitcoin network can only process seven transactions per second, and the leading Hyperledger technology can only reach the level of 200 to 300 transactions; compared with the centralized system that can process tens of thousands of transactions per second, there is still a gap. Large distances. In addition, the current lack of relevant incentive mechanisms in the field makes it difficult for participating nodes to operate in an orderly manner. From a regulatory perspective, although most countries are actively embracing blockchain technology, there are currently no relatively complete regulatory regulations and industry standards. Inappropriate regulatory measures may hinder the innovative development of such emerging technologies.
Affected by various factors such as the underlying technology that needs to be further matured, the lack of public chain platforms for smart contracts, the lack of ecological compatibility of various Tokens, and unclear government supervision; at this stage, the implementation of blockchain application projects is relatively slow, and at the same time, It shows that the quality of projects varies from good to bad. For this reason, analysts said that compared with general-purpose blockchains, what will achieve breakthroughs in the short term may be focused blockchains for specific scenarios and applications.

⑥ How does Jack Ma respond to blockchain technology

Jack Ma is an English major and knows nothing about technology. However, Jack Ma has always attached great importance to technology. For example, Alibaba invested 100 billion in the first phase to establish Damo Academy, which mainly focuses on underlying technology research and development.

Jack Ma has also expressed his views many times on the blockchain technology, which is very popular in 2018.. At the Second World Intelligence Conference held today, Jack Ma talked about Bitcoin and blockchain again.

Among Internet tycoons, it is not just Jack Ma who is not optimistic about Bitcoin. Ma Huateng has also expressed similar views to Jack Ma. He even believes that digital currency is a very dangerous thing: < /p>

“Blockchain technology is good, but how to use it well is another aspect. If you do a digital currency ICO, I think there are still a lot of risks. It’s not that the technology is immature. If everyone can use it Blockchain technology can issue digital coins at will, which will cause a lot of regulatory issues. Although digital currencies are very hot now, we are not involved in it. We do not consider issuing coins because I think it is a very risky thing."

Robin Li has never opposed Bitcoin, but he also agrees with the value of blockchain technology:

“Blockchain technology is very revolutionary, but it is still in its early stages. stage. In the traditional Internet, virtual things are made a, and there is no new cost. However, with the arrival of the blockchain, virtual items can truly become unique. Such an Internet will be very different from the previous Internet. ”

Obviously, BAT bosses all value blockchain technology, but are not very interested in Bitcoin. In my opinion, the current digital currency speculation does feel a bit like "beating the drum and spreading flowers". Digital currencies are valuable or even very valuable in the eyes of speculators, but they may be worthless in the eyes of people who do not hold Bitcoin.

"Luo Chao Channel" advises readers that it is okay to just hold a little bit for fun, but spending huge amounts of money for speculation is no different from gambling.

BAT is currently deployed on the blockchain, but it does not participate in currency issuance, ICO, or digital currency trading platforms.

In 2015, Internet Finance established a blockchain technology team. In 2016, it invested in Circle, an American blockchain technology company. Last year, Internet blockchain technology began to be implemented on a large scale, and Internet Finance became a major user.

The Alibaba department’s focus on blockchain is Ant Financial. Zeng Ming, chief strategy officer of Alibaba, once revealed that Ant began to deploy blockchain in 2015. Different from the network's centralized application of blockchain to finance, it pursues the breadth of application. To the surprise of the outside world, the first blockchain application scenario for Ant was not finance, but various life scenarios.

As early as 2015, Tencent had established a blockchain team. It was just research and development first, technology exploration, and using alliance chain technology to implement blockchain into micro-gold, supply chain finance, and electronic storage. Projects such as certificates and public welfare tracing are basically related to finance, and the outside world also knows very little about them. Tencent has also built a blockchain infrastructure platform called Blockchain as a Service (BAAS platform) for use by blockchain developers. Tencent is a "latecomer" in many AI technologies. It may make technical layout first, but it will be relatively cautious in implementing applications.

⑦ Analysis of blockchain technology development paths: Which one is commercial?Tuantu

The bright development of blockchain technology has been criticized and praised by major media, and there has been some precipitation. The year 2018 is a hot topic for the application of blockchain. Major companies and start-ups have revealed their own blockchain project news, which has attracted countless attention. There are currently only two blockchain paths in the world.

1. Public chain

Public chain is a decentralized blockchain technology development path. It is mostly used in to C, such as BTC and Ethereum. It is usually Considered a “fully decentralized” blockchain.

The advantages are: 1. Protect users from the influence of developers, absolutely fair and notarized.

2. The access threshold is low and anyone with sufficient technical ability can access.

3. All data is made public by default (participants’ identities are hidden), and their publicity is used to identify and exclude

their own security.

The disadvantages are: 1. The public chain is too "centralized" and is not suitable for commercial-level applications at the current stage, and application expansion is limited.

2. The transaction computing power of the public chain is low (BTC7 transactions/s, ETH40 transactions/s), which cannot match the speed of current commercial transaction volume.

2. Alliance chain

Alliance chain is mainly cooperation between institutions. The nodes between institutions participate in a few transactions, and ordinary users do not participate in a few transactions. The developed applications are mainly for B-end users, and can also be extended to B to C. They are in line with the development and application of commercial-level blockchain technology. Currently, they are in the fields of "blockchain + supply chain finance", "blockchain traceability" and "electronics". It has many applications in “certificate deposit” and has obvious advantages.

Advantages: 1. Not absolutely decentralized, the form of alliance cooperation is more in line with the current commercial-level application of blockchain technology.

2. The participating nodes have high credibility. Participants are all relatively reliable institutions writing into the blockchain nodes, and the application is stable.

3. Transaction processing is efficient, using the consensus algorithm with an average of 20,000 transactions/s and a peak of 100,000 transactions/s, which meets the current market requirements of commercial transactions

.

Through the above comparison, it is not difficult for us to see the differences between the two mainstream approaches to blockchain technology development. Although the public chain meets the requirements of absolute fairness and low-threshold access, some privacy issues need to be redesigned and integrated for the industry. The matching is lacking and the amount of work is huge. At this stage, it is not suitable for practical implementation in commercial applications. The series of advantages of the alliance chain are in line with commercial-grade blockchain.Requirements!

On the issue of how to reasonably develop the alliance chain, the general manager of Wuhan Xianda Blockchain Technology talked about the "FBA Federal Byzantine" blockchain technology development model. Through multi-node The alliance chain consensus deposits evidence to dialectically verify the authenticity of information. The computing power of the consensus algorithm can also efficiently handle a large number of commercial transactions. It can solve the problems of commercial price irregularities, traceability of certificates, and complex transaction links. It is also very effective in preventing counterfeiting! Yes An important path for future application of commercial-grade blockchain technology development.

⑧ Where will the "2018 Global Media Blockchain Summit" be held?

On the 19th, 2018, the "Global Media Blockchain Summit" was held at the Financial Hall of the Hong Kong Exchange. This summit gathered more than 100 media from around the world and dozens of top experts in the industry. At the meeting, everyone witnessed the establishment of the Global Media Blockchain Alliance (BIMG) and the release of the "BIMG Hong Kong Initiative", and conducted in-depth discussions on blockchain development prospects, industry trends and other issues.

Professor Yu Guoming, a member of the Journalism and Communication Discipline Evaluation Group of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and Executive Dean of the School of Journalism and Communication at Beijing Normal University, delivered a topic at the "2018 Global Media Blockchain Summit" Keynote speech for "The Value Responsibility of Mainstream Media in the Technology Wave"

Yu Guoming said: "For the entire social communication in China and other major countries and regions in the world, including the construction process of blockchain , the communication ecology in the process of development and evolution, the value of traditional mainstream media should also be indispensable. Although its share has indeed declined in a worrying way, such responsibility and value It should be said that responsibility is still very important.”

Yu Guoming further pointed out that traditional mainstream media’s professional persistence, social status granting function and local advantages are its huge advantages. At the same time, with the development of society and Internet technology, blockchain is not only a technology, but also a way of reorganizing society to a greater extent. Yu Guoming said: "In Marx's words a hundred years ago, it is a technical form based on a new Internet technology such as the 'Free Alliance of Free Men'. To a large extent, it is a new form of technology after Internet technology activates individuals. A new form of upgrading social evolution. Such a new form requires mainstream media to play an important role in it, because in the development process of a new social evolution such as blockchain, it is embodied in a systematic science. The so-called emergent evolution means that the micro-power and micro-value released by Internet technology are a qualitative change in the development process and direction. It is a qualitative turning point in social development, field development, industrial development and market development. ."

Witnessed by all the guests, the Global Media Blockchain Alliance (BIMG) was officially established at the meeting. Alliance Secretary-General Ding Laibin pointed out in his speech that blockchain truly uses mechanisms to allow people to see some changes that may occur in the future, and these changes may subvert the current situation.The current state has greatly improved social efficiency. In this process, the media function cannot be absent. It should play a supervisory role and exert a strong supervision effect of media and public opinion to allow investors to distinguish right from wrong.

Ding Laibin said: "The media is the public knowledge and conscience of society and the supervisor of industry development. To do this role well, we must be close to the game and stand where the sound of cannons can be heard, so If there was still a distance between traditional media and blockchain in the past, then let us eliminate this distance at today's summit. The listing of any company is not the end, but the starting point. The same is true for many blockchain projects, starting from the beginning Development also requires a lot of disclosure and planning, so that the company can be presented to all the public and investors without reservation, and it must be open, transparent, and consistent from beginning to end. Only in this way can the industry grow healthier and grow more rapidly."

< p>In the "BIMG Hong Kong Initiative" released at the event, Ding Laibin called on the media to join hands and work together to create an industry public opinion environment that is fair, just, legal and honest, vibrant, harmonious and orderly; at the same time, he encouraged the media to work in the blockchain industry In the information dissemination in the chain field, we should be open and inclusive, promote advanced communication, encourage ecological innovation, and continuously provide high-grade, high-style, and high-quality information and services.

Content source International Online