区块链币排名,区块链币破一个0是几倍

㈠ How does a hardware wallet connect to Bluetooth?

Hardware wallets use USB or Bluetooth for data transmission. This does not mean that the hardware wallet is online. The hardware wallet itself is still a cold wallet. Security depends on open source hardware architecture and firmware source code to prove the asymmetric encryption algorithm. The principle is as follows: 1. The asymmetric encryption algorithm can be understood as a security mechanism designed based on mathematical problems.
2. From the mnemonic phrase to the wallet address, the method of deriving the private key from the mnemonic phrase is called a specification; in the Bitcoin improvement protocol, they include BIP-39, BIP-32, BIP -44; At present, most currency wallets follow this specification, and the process is roughly: mnemonic → derivation → private key → derivation → public key → derivation → wallet remaining address.
3. The essence of a hardware wallet is to properly store our private key. If the private key is exposed, anyone can use your private key to sign. This scenario is equivalent to your home key hanging at the door. , the hardware wallet uses a security chip to store the mnemonic in the chip to ensure that it cannot be read or cracked.

㈡ [HD-New Wallet] BIP39 generates mnemonic words

You can generate wallet mnemonic words and seeds through nine steps:

> Steps 1~6 Generate mnemonics

> Steps 7~9 Convert the mnemonics generated in the first six steps into BIP32 seeds

(See the picture below for the steps:)

In the above example, we selected an entropy length of 128 bits to generate a mnemonic code with 12 words. In actual applications, the longer the entropy length, the length of the check code and the length of the mnemonic word will also increase accordingly. The following figure shows the relationship between the size of entropy data and the length of the mnemonic word:

Step 1. The length of the random sequence is [128, 160, 192, 224, 256]. (Entropy must be a multiple of 32, so entropy is a sequence of hexadecimal numbers)

Step 2. The length of the checksum is [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. (Entropy/32=checksum)

Step 3 + Step 4: The random sequence must be a multiple of 11, divided evenly into different 11-digit multiples.

Step 5: Correspond to the predefined dictionary of 2048 words.

Step 6: Generate the number of mnemonic words: (entropy + checksum)/11 = the number of mnemonic words.

Reference content:

1. Part of the content of this article is excerpted from the Chinese translation of the first edition of "Mastering Bitcoin". It is hereby stated thatand thanks.

㈢ BIP39: Mnemonic

BIP39 is the SEED generation algorithm. If you have used a Bitcoin wallet application, it is likely that it will generate a mnemonic for you. Such a mnemonic can be used in place of a private key and can be used to generate a private key. Use "meaningful" mnemonics to replace meaningless numbers, that is, "secret seeds". The secret seed is easier to remember and copy, and it can be converted into a "digital seed" suitable for BIP32. Construct a keychain KeyChainGroup of type Script.ScriptType.P2PKH

DeterministicSeed The third parameter is the password, which is empty by default. It is ok if you try to add the password yourself. In short, it does not affect the creation of random entropy. Create random entropy from SecureRandom

Salt the string collection, the salt is random, and encrypted with the PBKDF2SHA512 encryption algorithm.

PBKDF2SHA512 mnemonic + salt is performed 2048 times sha256 each time The seeds generated are all different!
https://iancoleman.io/bip39/?#english View over the wall, record the mnemonic code and save it, it will be a cold wallet (referring to the one not connected to the Internet) wallet, so it’s a lot safer). You can use the generated address to send and receive money.

㈣ About wallet mnemonics

Yesterday, a user’s private key was stolen after registering an account on eostea. The reason is said to be that eostea provides users with a mnemonic function. You can choose your own mnemonic. If the user does not enter the mnemonic, a default private key will be generated. Anyone can figure out such a private key, and the user's account can of course be easily controlled.

If this is true, it means that the work eostea does is too unprofessional: the mnemonic phrase should not be entered by the user. In fact, there is a set of standards for wallets to provide mnemonic functions, and that is Bitcoin’s BIP39. Allowing users to enter mnemonic phrases can easily cause collisions, which means different accounts use the same private key. This must be avoided. The solution is that the mnemonic must come from a standard 2048-word vocabulary (https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039/english.txt), giving the user 12 The mnemonic words (can also be 24) are generated by the system using a strong random function to ensure that each account obtains a different mnemonic word. When a user imports a mnemonic phrase, the wallet will check whether the 12 words entered by the user are from the 2048 vocabulary database. If not, it will refuse to generate a private key.

For humans, it is too difficult to remember that long list of private keys. Memorizing mnemonics is relatively simple, and many people like to use mnemonics. From the mnemonic phrase to the seed to the final private key, there is also a set of standards, which is BIP44 (HD wallet). To put it simply, the key to BIP44 is the derived path of the private key. Different currencies generate their own private keys according to different paths. BIP44 stipulates that the path of Bitcoin is m/44'/0'/0'/0 , Ethereum is m/44'/60'/0'/0, EOS is m/44'/194'/0'/0. As long as the wallet complies with BIP44, the same mnemonic phrase will calculate the same private key in different wallet APPs, ensuring wallet compatibility. And if the user has multiple currencies, just remember a set of mnemonic words, and the wallet can generate the corresponding private key for the user anytime and anywhere.

GREATWALLET wallet strictly follows BIP44 and BIP39 standards to generate mnemonics for users. Remember a set of mnemonics, eliminating the trouble of remembering private keys for multiple currencies. It is very convenient and practical. Welcome to use the GREATWALLET wallet, visit http://greatwallet.io or https://greatwallet.io. Currently it does not support mobile browsers well enough, please use a desktop browser.

About the GREATWALLET wallet, here is a brief introduction.

(If there are any errors in the article, please correct me)

㈤ Dear friends, does anyone know how to retrieve the mnemonic phrase in the blockchain if it is lost?

There is no way to retrieve the mnemonic phrase if it is lost. Why is there no way to retrieve the mnemonic phrase if it is lost?

In the blockchain, all the user’s assets are stored on the blockchain, and the control of the assets on the chain is proven through the private key. Without the private key, you cannot control your assets. . Therefore, the essence of the wallet is a private key management tool. Users can use the wallet to create private keys, keep the private keys, and use the private keys to sign transactions. (Mnemonics are another form of private key. We recommend users to keep mnemonics because they are more convenient to keep and use)

The essence of a wallet created by a user is to randomly generate a The group mnemonic phrase, due to its decentralized nature, does not store the user's wallet private information. Therefore, after generating the mnemonic phrase, the user must keep it by himself. This set of mnemonic words can be used to derive the private key of the wallet, the public key of the wallet can be derived from the private key, and the wallet address can be derived from the public key.

According to the above explanation, if we want to retrieve the mnemonic phrase, we need to know the process of generating the mnemonic phrase: firstGenerate a 128-bit random number, plus check 4 bits of the random number, to get a 132-bit number, and then divide it into every 11 bits, so that there are 12 binary numbers, and then use each number Check the word list defined by BIP39 and get 12 mnemonics. So the question is, is it possible to collide with the mnemonic words through brute force cracking?

Let’s calculate the number of mnemonics that can be generated. The BIP39 mnemonic vocabulary contains a total of 2048 words, and each group of mnemonics has a total of 12 words. According to the formula: n!/( n - r )!, the number can be calculated as 2048!/(2048-12)! = 5. e+39. LJGG+V: sjqsszh

You may have no idea about this number. We can take an example and compare it. The amount of sand on the earth is about 1 followed by 18 zeros. If you can generate one million mnemonics per second, you can generate 1000000*60*60*24*365=3.1536 e+13 mnemonics in one year, and it will take approximately 1.6715937e+26 years to traverse all mnemonics , so brute force cracking is impossible to succeed.

So for users, if the mnemonic phrase and private key are all lost, they cannot be retrieved through brute force cracking. Because of the decentralized nature, they cannot be retrieved. However, if the mnemonic phrase is lost, the private key is still saved and will not affect the use of the wallet.

㈥What are the nine seeds of Bitcoin?

It is a random word sequence composed of 12, 15, 18, 21 or 24 simple words. These words are derived from a standard called BIP39 and are used to create mnemonic words for Bitcoin wallets. These mnemonic phrases can be used as a backup for your Bitcoin wallet, allowing you to restore the wallet when needed.

㈦ What is HD Wallet

Introduction
HD Wallets: The full name is Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets, the Chinese name is Hierarchical Deterministic Wallet, which is currently a widely used virtual currency wallet standard. Now let me tell you about the working mechanism and development principles of HD Wallets.

BIPS
BIPs, the full name of Bitcoin Improvement Proposals, is a document that proposes new features or improvements to Bitcoin. Details can be found at: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips
BIP32, BIP39, and BIP44 jointly define the currently widely used HD Wallets, including their concepts, design motivations, and implementationmethods, examples, etc. Define Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets. Generate a master private key through a seed, and then derive a large number of sub-private keys and addresses.

BIP39:Mnemonic code for generating deterministic keys
Represent seed in words that are easy to remember and write. It generally consists of 12 words, called mnemonic code, and is called mnemonic words in Chinese.
Mnemonics that comply with the BIP39 standard can be 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 words. Their corresponding strengths are: 2048 (3rd power), 2048 (6th power)... 2048 (24th power). Generally, 12 words are used, and the intensity is: 2048 (12th power)

BIP32
HD Wallets generates a tree structure from a seed to store multiple sets of keypairs (private keys and public keys), and then generates specific wallets (such as BTC wallets) based on the keypairs on specific nodes of the tree structure. , ETH wallet).
Hierarchical means that a seed can generate a hierarchical tree structure to store multiple groups of keypairs. The child nodes are derived from the parent node according to a certain algorithm. For example, a large company can generate different private keys for first-level departments, and the first-level departments can generate different private keys for their second-level departments. Since the private key of the second-level department is derived from the private key of the first-level department to which it belongs, each first-level department can have the authority to manage the private key of its own second-level department, that is, it can spend the coins inside. You can also only give the public key of a certain level to the accountant, so that he can see the revenue and expenditure records of this department, but cannot spend the money inside, making financial management more convenient.

BIP44:Multi-Account Hierarchy for Deterministic Wallets
The system based on BIP32 gives special meaning to each layer in the tree structure. Allow the same seed to support multiple currencies, multiple accounts, etc.
Each layer is defined as follows:

Purporse' is fixed to 44', which means BIP44 is used. And coin_type' is used to represent different currencies. For example, Bitcoin is 0' and Ethereum is 60'.

For example:
m/44'/0'/0'/0/0 represents a BTC wallet path
m/44'/60'/0'/0/0 represents an ETH wallet path

The process of generating an HD Wallets wallet is simply as follows: 4 steps Just do it:

What are the advantages of HD Wallets wallets?
1) Convenient for backup;
2) Use between different applications;
3) Can manage multiple wallets at the same time;
4) Can manage multiple currencies at the same time;
/> 5) Supports hierarchical permission control;
6) Private keys can be stored offline, which is safer.

㈧ How to create an Avalanche Chain wallet

1. Create a Maven project and import web3j dependencies
2. Generate a wallet
3. Generate a screenshot of the wallet source code
This is the simplest way to generate an Ethereum wallet.
Generate Bip39 Ethereum wallet directly from password via WalletUtils. Through the wallet, you can directly obtain the Keystore and mnemonic list, and the mnemonic words must be saved. Credentilals are obtained through the mnemonic list. The wallet address can be obtained through Credittilals.
Wallet address:
Password: 123456
Mnemonic: share moment wonder drift orbit clump company test current iron text cruise
Private key:
One thing to note is that password, mnemonic Words, private keys, and Keystore must be saved
Operating environment: Huawei mobile phone nova4 5.6.0, browser APP version model 6.0.973
Extended information:
1. The digital wallet is:
Digital A wallet is a software that enables users to pay for goods on the Web. It stores credit card numbers and other personal information such as shipping addresses. Once the data is entered, it is automatically transferred to the ordering field of the merchant's website.
When using a digital wallet, when consumers purchase items, they do not need to fill out an order on each site because the information is already stored and automatically updated and entered into the ordering field of the manufacturer's site.
2. Classification:
Digital wallets are divided into two types: client and server (digital wallet). Within these categories are those wallets that only work on certain merchant websites and those that are merchant agnostic.
Customer-based digital wallets are the older of the two wallets and, according to analysts, have fallen into disrepute because they require users to download and install software. Users download the wallet app and enter payment amounts and mailing information. In this sense, information iscomplete and encrypted on the user's hard drive. Users gain local control over their credit card and personal information.
When using a server-based wallet, users fill in their personal information and a dim sum file is automatically downloaded (a dim sum file is a text file that contains information about the user). In this case, the consumer's information resides on the financial institution or digital wallet provider's servers, rather than on the user's PC.
3. The functions of digital wallet are:
Digital wallet is a software that enables users to pay for goods online on the Web. It stores credit card numbers and other personal information such as shipping addresses. Once the data is entered, it is automatically transferred to the ordering field of the merchant's website.
When using a digital wallet, when consumers purchase items, they do not need to fill out an order on each site because the information is already stored and automatically updated and entered into the ordering field of the manufacturer's site. Consumers also benefit when using digital wallets because their information is encrypted, i.e. protected by private software code. Merchants are also protected from being deceived and benefit from it.

㈨ How many billions of btc ETH wallet mnemonic combinations

There are a total of 2048 words in the BIP39 vocabulary library. If we select 24 words from them as mnemonic words. Then if you arrange and combine these 2048 words, you can use the formula 2048! /(2048-24)! get. But this order of magnitude is actually 10 to the 79th power. What is the concept of 10 to the power of 79?
.
The number of atoms in the universe is approximately between 10 to the 78th power and 10 to the 82nd power. That is to say, 24 words are randomly selected from the 2048 words in the BIP39 vocabulary and combined, and the magnitude of the answer obtained is about the same as the number of atoms in the universe.
The probability of us getting a Bitcoin wallet mnemonic phrase from these 2048 words is about 67700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000s9000000000000000000004444 until the result is 6.77e to the power of 70th power. This is a very, very, very small number. Therefore, the probability of winning a Bitcoin wallet from 2048 words is already very, very low, let alone the wallet of Satoshi Nakamoto.
Of course, luck is not excluded, just in case you win the mnemonic phrase of Satoshi Nakamoto’s wallet. Then you can indeed gain instant wealth and freedom, and more importantly, you can also lie to everyone that you are Satoshi Nakamoto. So, as long as you have the perseverance and courage, you can give it a try. After all, there is a very good saying: You still have to have dreams, just in case you see a ghost.