区块链基本思想有哪些,区块链基本思想包括哪些
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A. What is the basic idea of the underlying architecture of Heshu Laikelib blockchain technology?
The basic idea is: by establishing a set of public decentralized credit on the Internet storage media. In the communication network, users query and record credit value data through identification tokens, and the data information is authentic and cannot be tampered with.
B. What is blockchain technology
Blockchain technology is a decentralized distributed database technology that can achieve data security, transparency, non-tampering, etc. characteristic. It is composed of many data blocks. Each data block contains the current timestamp and the hash value of the previous data block. Data storage and management are achieved by continuously adding data blocks.
The core idea of blockchain technology is decentralization. There is no central node control, but a decentralized network composed of many nodes to control the storage and circulation of data. In this kind of network, every node has the right to participate in the verification and storage of data. Any modification of data requires the consent of the majority of nodes in the network, which makes the blockchain technology non-tamperable and sensitive to inspection. Features such as centralization and transparency can ensure the security and credibility of data.
Blockchain technology can be applied to many fields, such as finance, Internet of Things, supply chain management, etc.
C. What is the knowledge related to blockchain? Can you please help me explain it?
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1. Basic concepts
There are many definitions of blockchain. Here, I will analyze the opinions of various schools, simplify the complex and adopt a more understandable explanation:
The English name of blockchain: Blockchain is also called Block chain. A chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be an untamperable and unforgeable distributed ledger.
Blockchain is essentially a distributed database, a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of its information. (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
2. Working principle
The core potential of blockchain lies in the characteristics of distributed databases and how it can contribute to transparency, security and efficiency.
In the past, institutions used centralized databases to support transaction processes and calculations. Control of the database rests with its owner, who manages access and update permissions to the database, limiting transparency and scalability and making it difficult for outsiders to ensure that data records have not been manipulated.
At the same time, due to technical limitations, distributed databases are basically impossible to implement. But with advances in software, communications and encryption technology, a distributed database across an organization is now possible. Blockchain gradually emerged.
3. Core ideological connotation
The basic idea of blockchain isEstablish a network-based public ledger (data block), each block contains information about a network transaction. All participating users in the network jointly record and verify accounts on the ledger. All data is open and transparent and can be used to verify the validity of the information. In this way, the authenticity and non-tamperability of information can be guaranteed at the technical level without the need for a central server to act as a trust intermediary.
D. What is "blockchain"
Blockchain is a public ledger. There is no centralized hardware or management organization. Everyone can It can automatically verify the authenticity of the ledger and easily detect whether the ledger has been tampered with by others.
In a word, the blockchain is a public ledger that can be verified by everyone.
The concept of being verifiable by everyone is crucial to blockchain.
Bitcoin uses the blockchain to record all transactions, so anyone knows the number of Bitcoins on each account.
So, as a publicly verifiable ledger, what are some use cases for blockchain?
In fact, there are many use cases that can be thought of. Blockchain is suitable for any data that can be recorded on a public ledger. Here are 4 examples:
1. Decentralized domain name server, namely domain currency. The domain name server is actually a ledger that records domain names.
2. Trustless public key encryption, such as https that discards unreliable certification authorities.
3. Ownership records, truthfully record the items and their corresponding owners.
4. Contracts and performance guarantees, the account book truthfully records the parties to the contract and saves the contract text.
But don’t forget that blockchain also has a very important component.
The ledger recorded using blockchain technology will always be updated. New data such as transactions, domain name inputs, records and contracts will be converted into hash values of the same length by the hash algorithm and saved. However, hashing algorithms are not only not free but also very expensive.
Therefore, the ledger itself needs to have a recognition system to recognize the person who enters the block hash value.
In Bitcoin, this system is called mining and is rooted in the Bitcoin protocol. Bitcoin miners use a hash algorithm to convert transactions waiting for verification into hash values, and charge a certain amount of Bitcoin as a service fee.
Therefore, for non-monetary use cases, blockchain needs to find a way to bear the high cost of hashing algorithms.
I would like to remind everyone that my answer mainly focuses on the possible use cases of blockchain technology, and does not cover all aspects of blockchain, such as why hashing algorithms are so expensive. I'm sure you can find a lot of detailed information about Bitcoin and other blockchain applications online.
Supplement
Although blockchain technology has many advantages, there are still some less than ideal use cases. For example, there is no way to convert Bitcoin into any national currency; a ledger with billions of data entries would take up space and be impractical.
Bitcoin has shown the world that blockchain technology is feasible in principle, and people are also trying to solve these increasingly prominent problems, such as technological transformation of Bitcoin or the introduction of a completely Different blockchain technologies. I think the following two methods are worth trying: one is to split the ledger according to certain standards such as the payer address, and the other is to introduce a main blockchain to verify the sub-blockchain. Blockchain technology is ever-changing and dazzling, and it’s unknown whether someone is already making such an attempt. But Bitcoin is still the world's first currency blockchain, what others call a cryptocurrency.
Whether in the technology circle or the financial circle, blockchain has become the hottest word, no one. Blockchain has core advantages such as decentralization and trustlessness, and can perfectly solve problems such as information asymmetry, high transaction costs, and trust of strangers in the development of the sharing economy, making "individual economy" possible. Based on this, blockchain technology is considered to be the core technology that has the greatest potential to trigger the fifth wave of disruptive revolution after steam engines, electricity, information and Internet technology.
In this context, a blockchain craze was born in society, and everyone praised it overwhelmingly. Dialectics tells us that everything has flaws, and only by seeing the pros and cons of things can we make rational decisions. Therefore, in this article, Xue Hongyan (Hong Yanweiyu), a senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute, focuses on pouring some cold water on the blockchain.
| What is Blockchain
Blockchain, English Blockchain, has a rather mysterious technological flavor in its name, and can be simply broken down into "data blocks" and "links". Each data block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a certain period of time, and is encrypted using cryptographic methods; the link means that each block has a link relationship with the next block, thus forming a blockchain.
It is generally believed that blockchain has two major characteristics: decentralization and trustlessness. A brief introduction is as follows:
Since each block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a specific period of time, Therefore, each block is equal, and the damage of a single block does not affect the security of the entire system, so the blockchain has decentralized characteristics.
Similarly, since each block contains all the information of the system, the authenticity of the information can be cross-verified. Only by breaking through more than 51% of the nodes can the information be tampered with. In a large enough blockchain system , the cost is extremely high, it can be considered that the information in the blockchain is true, so the blockchainHas trustless characteristics.
Most people’s understanding of blockchain begins with Bitcoin. The relationship between the two is that blockchain is the underlying technology and concept, and Bitcoin is only the most popular application of blockchain at present. .
Maybe the above is not popular enough. Finally, let me summarize, what do you think the blockchain is? Is it a disruptive new technology? NO! According to Xue Hongyan (Hong Yanweiyu), a senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute, blockchain is not so much a new technology as it is a new ideological concept. The information encryption and other technologies included in the blockchain have been around for a long time, and it is more of a conceptual innovation. This is also the reason why the blockchain has a huge impact. New technologies will be surpassed sooner or later, ranging from one or two years to four to five years; only innovative ideas have enough energy to affect all aspects of the economy and society.
| Blockchain is expected to change the underlying rules of the financial system
In applications in the financial field, blockchain will change the transaction process and record keeping methods, thus significantly reducing transaction costs. It has significantly improved efficiency and is considered to have a broad market environment in digital currency, cross-border payment and clearing, bill trading, securities issuance and trading, property rights transactions, customer credit reporting, anti-fraud, and anti-money laundering.
Such a good technology is naturally sought after by everyone. Like many traditional financial people, Hong Yanweiyu resisted it at first, thinking that this thing was not that great, and did not do any research specifically. Later, as the research on financial technology gradually deepened, it was discovered that blockchain was an obstacle that could not be bypassed, because whether it was robo-advisory, big data risk control or online lending, they were only technological innovations at the financial business level and risk control level. It has not penetrated the bottom layer of the financial system. What is the underlying layer of the financial system? Naturally, it is payment and settlement, transaction rules and system interaction. What the blockchain changes is precisely the underlying rules.
Therefore, throughout the world, financial institutions are the most active in researching blockchain. If nothing else, they are really afraid. After the decentralization and trustless features of the blockchain are fully utilized, what else will the intermediaries of financial institutions do? It is estimated that this is also the first feeling of many people who have a preliminary understanding of blockchain.
In this article, Hong Yanweiyu focuses on pouring cold water on this view.
| Subverting the financial system, blockchain still faces two mountains
Marxist dialectics tells us that everything has two sides. The more prominent the advantages, the more obvious the flaws. It’s just the perspective. Just different. The two major problems with blockchain subverting the financial system lie precisely in the two major advantages of decentralization and trustlessness.
First, let’s talk about decentralization. First, we need to clarify a truth. Does centralization necessarily mean low efficiency? Of course not. Within a specific scope, the concentration of resources brought about by centralization can greatly improve efficiency. This is also the reason why human beings evolve from individuals to villages to tribes and then to countries in the process of evolution.Take UnionPay as an example. UnionPay is the clearing and settlement center for the domestic banking industry. After UnionPay is established, each bank only needs to connect with UnionPay to realize transactions with all banks. If it is decentralized, without UnionPay, each bank will need to When communicating with all counterparties, which one is more efficient? Therefore, there is no need to beat centralization to death with a stick. The decentralization feature of blockchain is destined to only play a role in specific fields (that is, fields that are not suitable for centralization). How can it subvert everything?
Furthermore, it is a matter of trust. There is nothing wrong with detrusting itself, but the technical logic behind it is deeply flawed. Blockchain relies on universal accounting to achieve trustlessness, that is, all transaction information is retained in each block for system cross-verification to identify authenticity. Here comes the problem. Each block retains all transaction information. There is no problem on a small blockchain. However, as more and more information is added, it will inevitably lead to an explosive growth of transaction information and will also bring information. Dramatic increase in storage costs. At the same time, the greater the amount of information, the longer cross-validation takes and the lower the efficiency. Therefore, the blockchain solves the trust problem, but it brings about rising costs and declining efficiency.
Nothing in the world is perfect, and the same is true for blockchain.
As a conclusion, Hongyanweiyu wants to clarify that blockchain, as a conceptual innovation, does have great value and can also have a disruptive impact in specific fields. However, the current one-sided thinking about blockchain is problematic. Eastern wisdom tells us that "the most brilliant and the golden mean", in the face of anything, it is wisest to maintain the golden mean.
(Text/Xue Hongyan, senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute; WeChat public account: Hongyan Weiyu)
As early as a few years ago, the word "mining" came with Bitcoin is well known for its popularity. Many people know about Bitcoin first and then the blockchain, and they even don’t know about the blockchain yet. By definition, blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity (anti-counterfeiting) and generation of its information. Next block.
I am not a computer technology expert. The following introduction to blockchain comes from reading and comments from expert friends and is for reference only.
If you want to use one word to explain blockchain, it is: distributed accounting.
To understand what this word means, you need to first understand that traditional accounting has a center. For example, in a bank, when you withdraw money from a bank deposit or lend money to others through the bank, the bank is the center, and all these transactions are based on the bank's credit. What if the bank cheats? Or is it more serious, is the country cheating? The Kuomintang's indiscriminate issuance of gold yuan coupons at the end of its rule in mainland China, as well as the hyperinflation in Weimar Germany and Zimbabwe, which made the currency less valuable than toilet paper, are very famous examples.
Golden Yuan Coupons
This is the problem that blockchain is aimed at. They believe that decentralized accounting is non-modifiable and non-repudiable. How to achieve decentralized accounting? The basic idea is that all users store all transaction records, and through mathematical methods, it becomes very difficult to illegally modify the ledger. In this way, the reliability of the ledger is guaranteed.
Specifically, all users exhaustively enumerate random number variables, and the first user to obtain a specific required hash function value (Hash) will have the right to record this round of transactions and obtain the corresponding Bitcoins award. It is transmitted in the form of data blocks, and the data blocks are connected into a chain by appending at the end, so it is called a block chain.
After listening to the introduction, you may feel that this idea is interesting, but it is not as exciting or revolutionary as advertised. Your feeling is right. In fact, the basic logic of blockchain has some unavoidable problems.
For example, the current size of the complete Bitcoin public ledger has exceeded 150 G, and is rapidly increasing at a rate of tens of G per year - just to support 5 million users and 30 million transactions per year. If its processing volume is one day comparable to that of Alipay, the size of the Bitcoin ledger will increase by more than 500 terabytes per year. This is equivalent to backing up the Alipay server's storage data on all users' personal computers. Do you think this is a good idea?
For another example, in the traditional banking system, if you lose your password, it is no big deal. Just report it to the system in time, and your wealth will not disappear. But in the blockchain system, if you lose your password, it will be a huge trouble, and your currency will not be recovered. Not happy? Is it surprising?
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system
In layman’s terms, it is playing mahjong. Four people can take turns to be the banker, and each other can shoot four people. They all have their own ledger records, but if you want to modify the ledger, you must have more than 50% of the modification rights, so the cost of cheating on the ledger is very high.
In the future, blockchain will be used more in finance to combat money laundering and fraud, because all information can be traced, and in culture it can be used for copyright protection, etc.
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I have seen a lot of people’s explanations of blockchain in official terms, and some may not even be clear to the person explaining it. I will explain blockchain in vernacular below to ensure that everyone can read it. Gotta understand.
What is blockchain? Let me use an analogy. In 50 years, you will be able to buy aTaiwan electric fan, this electric fan will help you automatically mine coins when it is fanning. You can mine coins automatically while using the electric fan. When your electric fan breaks down, you can use the mined coins to mine coins. Maintenance, of course, you can also use the mined coins to buy a new electric fan. Many people think wrongly! Wouldn’t the profits of merchants be less? Let me tell you about a certain brand. When the products of this brand are sold to you, the products themselves may even be sold to you at a loss. However, once the number of users becomes large and the users become more sticky, they can be paid through membership fees or service fees. Such small fees or other ways to make profits. Just like this, mined coins can be purchased and repaired. In this way, although the merchant's profit may be reduced, the merchant has gained more users and greater user stickiness. By this time, it only takes a minute for the merchant to make money.
And the electric fan you bought is equivalent to winding it up for you. What is winding up? If you put your electric fan on the street now, and 10 people come to snatch it, you have no way to prove that the ownership of this electric fan is yours. Once you put it on the chain, it is equivalent to being tied to you. Once it’s settled, you can prove it.
Therefore, the essence of blockchain is to help make people’s lives more convenient. It is equivalent to upgrading on the basis of the Internet, making it safer and more convenient. This is blockchain! It's that simple.
The security of the blockchain is reflected in its irreversibility and the data cannot be tampered with. We all know that in today's society, any data can be modified and conquered by hackers, but the data in the blockchain cannot be changed. Once generated, it cannot be modified unless all users in the blockchain work together. Agree to modify the data, but this is unlikely to happen.
At present, the blockchain is still very immature, just like the Internet bubble burst in 2000. When the bubble bursts, a truly valuable blockchain Internet will be hatched. company.
The wheel of history will not go backwards. Many people are unwilling to accept blockchain. Just like telling you that you can shop online 20 years ago, this is the same ridiculous thing. Time will eventually prove it. .
1. The main function of blockchain is to store information. Any information that needs to be saved can be written to the blockchain and read from it, so it is a database.
2. Anyone can set up a server, join the blockchain network and become a node. In the world of blockchain, there is no central node. Every node is equal and stores the entire database. You can write/read data to any node, because all nodes will eventually be synchronized to ensure that the blockchain is consistent.
3. Everyone works on the same blockchainIn this way, everyone publicly shares the current state of the blockchain, everyone agrees on the rules for new data submission, and tampering with the blockchain is computationally intractable.
If we assume that the database is a ledger, reading and writing the database is an accounting behavior:
Anyone can verify this public ledger, but there is no single The user can control it. Participants in the blockchain system will jointly maintain the update of the ledger: it can only be modified according to strict rules and consensus, and there is a very exquisite design behind this.
(1) Accounting, the system will find the person with the fastest and best accounting within a period of time, let this person do the accounting, and then broadcast the information on this page of the account book to everyone else on the entire network. node, which is equivalent to changing the database record; (consensus mechanism, cryptography)
(2) Verification, other valid nodes in the entire network check the correctness of the block accounting, and stamp the time Stamp to confirm that the block is legal; (timestamp, mathematics)
(3) Form a single chain, that is, compete for the next block after the previous legal block; (smart contract, encryption technology)
p>(4) Storage, the account book is stored in blocks. As transactions increase, new data blocks will be appended to the existing chain to form a chain structure; (distributed structure, information technology) < /p>
(5) Backup, every participating trader is a node of the block network, and each node has a complete backup of the public account book, which is a distributed ledger.
Features
1. The blockchain has no administrator and is completely centerless. It is precisely because it cannot be managed that the blockchain cannot be controlled. Without an administrator, everyone can write data into it. In order to ensure the trustworthiness of the data: the technology of blockchain makes it impossible to tamper with the data once it is written.
2. Close to zero trust cost.
The cycle time required for Internet companies to build their credit is extremely long. For example, Taobao often takes several years to build its credit. In the blockchain, everyone trusts the code, algorithm and rules, so the cost of trust is extremely low.
3. The marginal cost of constructing and trading assets approaches zero.
If traditional assets are to be used for trading, they need to rely heavily on third parties, such as investment banks, banks, securities firms, etc., for packaging and endorsement, and the fees and thresholds are extremely high. With blockchain, these will not be a problem, and the cost is extremely low.
The value transfer attribute of the blockchain also naturally solves the payment problem, and has the genes to support global payments.
According to my current understanding
1. Blockchain is an outlet.
Everyone is talking about blockchain. Whether they have read it or not, whether they understand it or not, many people are forwarding articles about blockchain in their circle of friends. The only new one isThe newly added WeChat group is a blockchain-related group.
Investors are talking, entrepreneurs are talking, almost every major Internet company is talking about it, government departments are taking a stand, and tens of thousands of vertical media focusing on blockchain are quickly being born.
If you don’t join any currency circle or chain circle, you will be completely out. Even the well-known investment tycoon Zhu Xiaohu was unilaterally declared to belong to the old world by the rising star Chen Weixing.
2. Blockchain represents the story of sudden wealth.
Although ICO has been stopped by the national level, the most popular word-of-mouth about blockchain is still the increase in wealth by hundreds or thousands of times. Coins that were bought for a few cents or a few dollars are now worth dozens or hundreds of dollars. Everyone is talking about value-added stories.
There are Bitcoin and Ethereum. If you download a digital currency trading platform APP, the various currency codes composed of densely packed letters will feel like a stock exchange.
3. Blockchain is not only a technology, but also a belief at the conceptual level.
The basic layer, application layer, and a lot of blockchain knowledge seem to have a lot to do with the hot artificial intelligence.
Many people say that blockchain technology is mature, but applications have barely found an entrance. We can all shout loudly: Artificial Intelligence +, but if you shout "Blockchain +" now, it's not enough and you will be laughed at. The application scenarios are still being explored.
As for the previous Internet, it was an Internet of confidence. With the addition of blockchain, it became an Internet of value.
Such similar concepts are people’s good expectations for blockchain technology to solve the trust problem. If it is so easy to implement, blockchain can subvert finance, e-commerce, and many intermediaries. But why has the Internet not been subverted for so many years and real estate still relies on intermediaries?
4. Blockchain already has a history, so don’t think it is too new.
Just as many people claim that artificial intelligence is so new that it is a joke, its history can be traced back to the 1950s.
The blockchain is marked by the birth of Bitcoin, which was also 10 years ago. There is also a still mysterious founder Satoshi Nakamoto, who seems to have a Japanese name, and some say he is from the United States. From the Security Bureau, I think it can also be interpreted as "Chinese people are inherently smart", of course the latter is just a joke.
The reason why it has become so popular is because of the skyrocketing price of various digital currencies in 2017, which skyrocketed thousands of times in a few months and days. How could such an amazing speed of growth have happened before?
5. Blockchain is a knowledge system.
For me, whether it is a trend, whether it is a wealth game, or whether it is technology, we cannot ignore it or ignore it.
I started doing two columns, starting from the perspective of characters, stories and characters.To understand blockchain, one is "Blockchain 100 People (Industry People)" and the other is "Blockchain 100 Investors (Views)" while learning and spreading.
As for related books, of course, I will accept them all as ordered. I can only be a follower of various trends and follow suit.
The biggest mistake is not how we criticize the blockchain, but to ignore it when we see it has a huge bubble and the crowd is enthusiastic about it. Stay away from it if you think you are noble.
The only way we have left is to be willing to be students, learn, and learn again.
Literal meaning: block, chain, using a chain to connect each block.
Blockchain = distributed data storage + point-to-point transmission + consensus mechanism + encryption algorithm
What is data storage? For example, a supermarket must have a ledger to record the entry and exit of various goods and transactions. This is storage.
What is distributed storage? It is the account book of this supermarket. Every employee has a copy. Every time there is something that needs to be recorded, it will be recorded in everyone's account book in a timely manner. Distributing each ledger (storage) to countless people (places) is distributed storage. (The supermarket employees here can be understood as blocks, and the ledger is the chain)
What is point-to-point transmission? In the same supermarket, there is no yogurt at the front desk. The shopping guide reports it to his superiors, and then reports it to his superiors.... Finally, he reports it to the warehouse. The warehouse records the accounting records in the ledger, and then transfers the goods to the front desk. As for point-to-point transmission, if there is no yogurt at the front desk, the shopping guide directly tells the warehouse, and the quantity sent by the warehouse to the shopping guide is recorded in the ledger. Everyone knows how many goods the warehouse has sent to the front desk. This is point-to-point transmission. There is no intermediate link, but the accounts can be made public for everyone who holds the ledger to see.
What is consensus mechanism? The consensus mechanism mainly includes two points. In a simple summary, the minority obeys the majority and everyone is equal. Similarly, there may be high or low positions in this supermarket, but everyone’s account books are indeed the same and equal. If someone makes a false account, then this person's account must be different from other people's accounts. At this time, it depends on whose account is remembered by more people. In theory, as long as the blockchain is large enough, then there is no need to make false accounts. Limit reduction! Because of the "minority obeys the majority" mechanism, if you want to make false accounts, then the number of false accounts you need to make must be at least greater than 50% of the total! On a network, if you need to change a piece of data, you must control at least 50% of the total number of computers to succeed.
The encryption algorithm is easy to understand. That is, when you go to the warehouse to adjust the goods, the system will protect your privacy very well. It will only record the time, location, and person with a certain number who went to adjust the yogurt. It couldn't be the time, place, or Zhang San went to mix the yogurt. Taken together, this is the core component of the blockchain.
Personal opinion, its main function is to decentralize and protect data that is difficult to tamper with! Decentralization and data protection are actually related. A supermarket only has one ledger, and any scheduling needs to go through the person who manages the ledger. If you need to make false accounts, you only need to control the person who manages the ledger. And if that supermarket uses blockchain technology, then he will make false accounts. If this is the case, you need to control more than 50% of the people who hold the total number of accounts of that supermarket. Obviously, controlling so many people will be almost impossible as the number of holders increases.
E. What is the concept of blockchain
Concept: Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.
The essence of the blockchain is a distributed public ledger. Anyone can verify this ledger, but no single user can control it. Participants in a blockchain system jointly maintain a ledger: it can only be modified according to strict rules and consensus.
The development of blockchain has gone through three stages:
1. Incubation period: 2009-2012, the economic form was dominated by Bitcoin and its industrial ecology.
2. Embryonic period: The period is from 2012 to 2015. Blockchain entered the public eye with Bitcoin, new wallet payment and remittance companies appeared, and the blockchain economy spread to the financial field. The underlying technology of blockchain continues to innovate. Blockchain technology is divorced from the Bitcoin system.
3. Development period: In 2016, industry applications began to be explored, and a large number of blockchain startups emerged. The popularity of ICO in 2017 brought unprecedented attention to blockchain.
(5) Extended reading on the basic ideas of blockchain:
Three characteristics of three blockchains:
1. The core idea of the blockchain is decentralization: in the blockchain system, the rights and obligations between any nodes are equal, and all nodes have the ability to vote using computing power, thus ensuring a recognized result. It is the result recognized by more than half of the nodes. Even if it suffers a serious hacker attack, as long as the number of nodes controlled by the hacker does not exceed half of the total number of global nodes, the system will still be able to operate normally and the data will not be tampered with.
2. The biggest disruption of blockchain lies in the establishment of credit: in theory, blockchain technology can make WeChat Pay and Alipay no longer valuable. The Economist made a vivid metaphor for blockchain: simply put, it is “a machine that creates trust.” Blockchain allows people to collaborate without trusting each other and without a neutral central authority. Combating counterfeit currency and financial fraud will no longer be needed in the future.
3. The collective maintenance of blockchain can reduce costs: Under a centralized network system, the maintenance and operation of the system rely on the operation, maintenance and operation of platforms such as data centers, and costs cannot be omitted. Anyone can participate in the nodes of the blockchain. While participating in the records, each node also verifies the records of other nodes.The accuracy of recording results is improved, maintenance efficiency is improved, and costs are reduced.
In one sentence, blockchain touches money, trust and power, which are the fundamental foundations on which human beings rely for survival.
F. What are the three major characteristics of the blockchain?
The three major characteristics of the blockchain are that the core idea of the blockchain is decentralization, the largest blockchain The subversiveness of Youdachen is that the establishment of credit and the collective maintenance of blockchain Shenzen can reduce costs.
Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. In essence, it is a shared database, and the data or information stored in it has the characteristics of "unforgeable", "leaving traces throughout the process", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collectively maintained".
G. Continuing Education: The most fundamental feature of blockchain network
The most fundamental feature of blockchain network is blockchain. Its core idea is decentralization. Blockchain The biggest disruption lies in the establishment of credit, and the collective maintenance of blockchain can reduce costs. Public Blockchain Network A public blockchain is a blockchain that anyone can join and participate in, such as Bitcoin. Disadvantages may include the large amount of computing power required, little or no privacy for transactions, and weak security.
1. Blockchain is a serial transaction record that uses cryptography to connect and protect content. It is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. As an important concept of Bitcoin, blockchain is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data generated using cryptographic methods.
H. Basic characteristics of blockchain
Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, non-tampering, irreversibility, and anonymity.
Decentralization: Because the entire network has no central ruler. The system relies on the fairness constraints of multiple participants on the network, so the rights and obligations of any node are equal, and each node will store all data on the blockchain. Even if the node is damaged or attacked, there will still be no threat to the ledger.
Untamperable: Ensure that information or contracts cannot be forged. If the account book is in the hands of a certain person or a few people, the possibility of falsification is very high, but everyone has an account book in their hands. Unless more than 51% of the people in the entire game change a certain account, any tampering is Ineffective, this is also the superiority of collective maintenance and supervision.
Irreversible: The information on the blockchain must be irreversible and cannot be destroyed at will. The system is open source, and the entire system must be open and transparent. Therefore, after a transaction is broadcast to the entire network, it will be successfully recorded with more than 6 confirmations, and it is irreversible and irrevocable. Note: imToken is 12 blocks confirmed.
Anonymity: The identity information of each block node does not need to be announced or verified, and information transfer can be done anonymously. To give a simple example, if you are in the blockA transaction is initiated on the chain to a wallet address, but it is impossible to know the exact person behind the address, or your private key has been stolen by a hacker, and it is impossible to know who the hacker is from a wallet address.
I. What is the principle of blockchain?
When I saw some answers arguing about the definition of blockchain, I suddenly realized that my answer explaining the principle had always been about As for Bitcoin, there is no particularly clear and unique answer to the definition of blockchain in the industry. Here are some of the characteristics that a “blockchain” should have that I have summarized based on the papers I have read:
< p>1. A data structure in the form of "hash chain" (explained below) is used to save basic data2. There are multiple nodes participating in system operation (distributed)< /p>
3. Reach a consensus on the consistency of basic data through a certain protocol or algorithm (consensus protocol/algorithm).
Since Bitcoin is currently one of the most typical and influential applications of blockchain, after understanding how Bitcoin uses blockchain, you can then understand other various forms of blockchain applications. It will be much easier.
J. The basic elements of blockchain include
1-Contains a distributed database
2-The distributed database is the physical carrier of the blockchain , the blockchain is the logical carrier of transactions, and all core nodes should contain a full copy of the blockchain data
3-The blockchain serializes blocks by time, and the blockchain is The only subject of transaction data in the entire network
4-Blockchain is only valid for additions and is invalid for other operations
5-Public and private key verification based on asymmetric encryption
6-Accounting nodes require that the Byzantine Generals Problem can be solved/avoided
7-The consensus process (consensus progress) is evolutionarily stable, that is, in the face of a certain amount of conflicting data from different nodes Will not crash.
8-The consensus process can solve the double-spending problem.
Five characteristics of blockchain:
Decentralization
Due to the use of distributed computing and storage, there is no centralized hardware or management organization, and the rights and interests of any node are The obligations are equal, and the data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by nodes with maintenance functions in the entire system.
Thanks to the decentralization characteristics of the blockchain, Bitcoin also has decentralization characteristics [6].
Openness
The system is open. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the blockchain data is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data and information through the public interface. Develop related applications, so the entire system information is highly transparent.
Autonomy
BlockchainThe adoption of consensus-based specifications and protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) allows all nodes in the entire system to exchange data freely and securely in a trustless environment, changing trust in "people" to trust in machines. , any human intervention has no effect.
Information cannot be tampered
Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node will not be allowed. is invalid, so the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high.
Anonymity
Since the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, the data interaction is trustless (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is valid by itself), so the counterparty does not need to disclose it through The identity method allows the other party to trust themselves, which is very helpful for the accumulation of credit.
