区块链与货币发展的关系,区块链与货币发展的联系

区块链与货币发展的关系一直是人们研究的热点，本文将从三个相关关键词出发，探讨区块链与货币发展的关系。

首先，加密货币。加密货币是指使用密码学技术在区块链上创建的虚拟货币，它是一种新兴的数字货币，主要指比特币和以太币等，它们是利用区块链技术实现的去中心化的货币。加密货币的出现使得货币发行和流通变得更加安全、便捷，可以解决货币流通的效率问题，并且可以有效防止货币被假造或篡改。

其次，去中心化金融。去中心化金融是指利用区块链技术，将传统金融机构的中心化模式替换为去中心化的模式，去中心化金融主要包括分布式账本技术、智能合约技术、去中心化应用技术等。去中心化金融的出现，使得金融机构的交易变得更加安全、便捷，可以有效防止金融机构被攻击和欺诈，可以解决金融机构的效率问题，也可以有效防止货币被假造或篡改。

最后，智能合约。智能合约是一种基于区块链技术的自动执行合约，它可以帮助双方实现自动化的交易，可以有效防止双方的欺诈行为，同时也可以改善交易的效率。智能合约的出现，使得货币发行和流通变得更加安全、便捷，可以有效防止货币被假造或篡改，也可以解决货币流通的效率问题。

从上述分析可以看出，区块链技术与货币发展的关系密不可分，加密货币、去中心化金融和智能合约的出现，使得货币发行和流通变得更加安全、便捷，也可以有效防止货币被假造或篡改，有助于推动货币发展。

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A. The future development prospects of blockchain

1. Blockchain has become the forefront of global technological development and opened up a new track for international competition. Blockchain will become a new key infrastructure to further accelerate the development of the digital economy, lead a new round of global technological change and industrial change, and become the "source" of technological innovation and model innovation. The world's major developed countries will further pay attention to blockchain technology, intensively introduce relevant policy plans, increase industrial support and guidance, and enhance the competitiveness of their country's blockchain technology and industry.
2. The digital currency bubble gradually cools down. With the spread and popularization of the concept of blockchain technology, more and more people will realize that Bitcoin is not the same as blockchain, and various air coins will be gradually eliminated. Blockchain technology innovation will return to a more rational track. Technical features such as decentralization, multi-party collaboration, and anti-calculation tampering will be highly valued by relevant industries. Some industries with strong innovation capabilities will continue to emerge with blockchain applications that have been transformed based on industry characteristics.

B. You have to know the operating principles and development of blockchain!

1. Why is there innovation in blockchain?
The starting point of the first generation of the Internet is the TCP/IP protocol, which implements a unified format for peer-to-peer transmission of information by all nodes on the network. Open code. However, the impact of such an uncomplicated innovation on mankind is epoch-making. It has programmed, agreed, and enforced the basic values ​​required by a unified global market: "freedom, equality, and fraternity." Then the STMP email protocol, HTTP domain name protocol, etc. were derived, achieving low-cost and high-efficiency global information transmission in a decentralized manner. As Alibaba Vice President Gao Hongbing said:
"The Internet is to eliminate the (information) supply chain that has very low value and high cost - it is open, interconnected, peer-to-peer, globalized, and decentralized."
We know: The essence of the market is also decentralized. It automatically executes the decentralized agreement of "equivalent exchange". Just as Nobel Prize winner Ronald Coase summed up: "The market economy is based on two On the basis of deep cognition: admitting ignorance and tolerating uncertainty." Adam Smith also described the market as: "the invisible hand"! Therefore, the market must require the low-cost flow of information decentralization, and the Internet has adapted to the global Under the general climate formed by the unified market, it turned out to be.
However, the first generation of Internet decentralized solved the problem of low-cost and efficient transmission of information, but it did not solve the problem of credit of information. Therefore, what the second-generation Internet must break through is: how to establish global credit in a decentralized manner so that value transfer can be carried out at low cost and with high efficiency.
So what are the problems with the original centralized credit system? As we all know: centralized credit, such as the legal currencies of various countries, has different credit values, and the clearing systems are also incompatible, which adds a lot of cost to global trade. The current global credit system centered on the US dollar has a "Triffin Paradox" in its mechanism (the essence is that a country's legal currency cannot simultaneously address its own economic interests and(Conflict of global economic needs), so in 2009, the Governor of the Central Bank of China, Zhou Xiaochuan, called for the creation of a super-sovereign storage currency. In the same year, Satoshi Nakamoto disclosed the first-generation blockchain source code - "Bitcoin" - online.
2. How does the blockchain system operate?
First of all, Satoshi Nakamoto knew very well that establishing a credit system for payment must solve the problem of preventing "duplicate payments", that is, no counterfeit currency can be created. The centralized credit system relies on state machinery to prevent counterfeit currency. What about "Bitcoin"? Satoshi Nakamoto's great innovation is to "timestamp" every transaction. There is a block (block: equivalent to a network account book) every ten minutes, and all network transactions for these ten minutes are correctly timestamped. The question is who will cover it? Satoshi Nakamoto did not assume that everyone on the Internet is Lei Feng. He agreed with Adam Smith: people in the market are greedy. He asked the so-called "miners" to compete for the accounting rights of these ten-minute blocks. The rules of the competition were to correctly record the accounting while solving the SHA256 problem. Who can prove that their computer has the fastest computing power (the so-called PROOF OF WORK mechanism), he can compete for the legal accounting rights of these ten-minute blocks and get a reward of twenty-five bitcoins. This is the so-called "mining" process. It is actually a decentralized credit process that establishes a network-wide ledger - the blockchain. Therefore, the more essential function of miners is "bookkeepers"!
Satoshi Nakamoto is here In its Bitcoin white paper, the process of establishing this credit system is described in detail:
Step 1: In order for the entire network to recognize it as valid, each transaction must be broadcast to each node (node: that is, the miner);
The second step: Each miner node must correctly timestamp each transaction in these ten minutes and record it in that block;
The third step: Each miner node must Compete for the legal accounting rights of this ten-minute block by solving the SHA256 puzzle, and strive to get a reward of twenty-five bitcoins (fifty bitcoins every ten minutes for the first four years, decreasing by half every four years);< br>Step 4: If a miner node solves the SHA256 puzzle of these ten minutes, it will publish all the timestamped transactions recorded in its ten-minute blocks to the entire network, and they will be checked by other miner nodes in the entire network;< br>Step 5: Other miner nodes in the entire network check the correctness of the block accounting (because they are also stamping the accounting at the same time, but they have not competed for the legal block accounting rights, so there is no reward), there is no error Finally, they will compete for the next block after the legal block, thus forming a single chain of legal accounting blocks, which is the general ledger of the Bitcoin payment system - the blockchain.
Generally speaking, each transaction must undergo six block confirmations, that is, six ten-minute accounting, before it can finally be recognized as a legal transaction on the blockchain. The following is the accounting format of Bitcoin:
So the so-called "Bitcoin" is such a billing system: it includes the owner electronically signing with the private key and paying to the nextowner, and then the "miners" of the entire network will time-stamp the account to form a blockchain.
3. What are the innovations in Bitcoin’s blockchain finance?
Similar to gold, trying to establish decentralized credit on the global Internet may allow value to flow across the entire network at high speed and at low rates (currently each transfer The transfer rate is one ten thousandth);
The total amount of currency is agreed upon by the cryptographic protocol;
Compared to gold, digital currency is infinitely divisible;
The value of currency can be based on a large number of P2P transactions ;
Full transparency in financial management (every transaction can be traced on the blockchain).
Bitcoin’s blockchain-wide accounting system has established a market value of US$10 billion, the highest on the global Internet. Therefore, Wu Xiaoling, dean of Tsinghua PBC School of Finance, pointed out: The blockchain experiment established distributed credit, which is an upgraded version of Internet TCP/IP, upgrading from information transmission to value transmission;
4. Bitcoin’s blocks What are the inherent flaws of the chain system?
Bitcoin’s blockchain system has had successes since it was open sourced on the Internet in 2009, but it also shows some inherent flaws that are difficult to overcome:
The total amount cannot be adjusted at any time As the market situation changes, it will inevitably rise and fall sharply;
Mining is high-carbon. Only less than 1% of miners can compete for the accounting rights of blocks of less than ten minutes, and more than 99% of other miners participating in the competition have the computing power. Waste;
The annual inflation of about 10% has greatly increased the cost of the Bitcoin financial ecology, and even threatened her survival;
As a decentralized self-organizing DAC system, the operating costs of the accounting and issuance functions are too high high.
As a global payment system, its efficiency is far from meeting the actual requirements of global trade. The Bitcoin network currently confirms a maximum of 7 transactions per second. In comparison, Visa's network system can process 10,000 transactions per second at the fastest, and Alipay's record is 80,000 transactions per second on Singles' Day in 2014!
5. Block The development of chain technology 2.0:
As the 2.0 upgrade and development of blockchain, it first focuses on solving the high-carbon mining of Bitcoin accounting:
When we discuss how to overcome the high carbon of Bitcoin mining and accounting Professor Liu Taoxiong from the Tsinghua Institute of Economics pointed out that mining competition relies on computing power. In the end, only one company competes for the legal accounting rights, and the other 99% of the miner nodes are mined for nothing, which is a waste of resources. It is obviously unreasonable. If The whole network transparently knows the legal accounting rights of the next block, and it is randomly generated in the entire network, which eliminates the high carbon cost of competitive accounting! After hearing this, we all praised Professor Liu for his brilliant idea, because the second generation is now more successful. Coin NXT has this mechanism. Their white paper is called "Transparent Forging". However, the probability of the accounting rights going to someone is directly proportional to the NXT token holdings in each miner node wallet. This is called the proof of equity mechanism ( PROOF OF STOCK). Of course, this also triggered a debate about the unfairness of NXT’s distribution of tokens to early investment developers!
RIPPLE is a semi-decentralized blockchain solution that utilizes"Trusted gateways" perform blockchain accounting, and their credibility is based on the consensus ledger protocol that these gateways will not do evil at the same time.
The most ambitious attempt is Ethereum, which combines blockchain technology with Turing completeness, hoping to develop a basic platform that can support the construction of various blockchain systems in the future. The development of various credit currencies, digital assets, smart protocols and even financial derivatives. The system design is to unify blockchain accounting on the ETHERUM platform and be used by all developers. Maybe their official version will be released in the near future.
6. Possible applications of blockchain innovation in other fields:
Now, blockchain’s attempts to establish decentralized credit are no longer limited to the financial world, but have attracted attention from all fields of society, especially in At present, some of China's central credit institutions, such as the "Red Cross", are in a "collapse" situation. Blockchain can provide a new way of thinking and technical options for social management. The following are some new developments and related discussions we have learned about:
The combination of blockchain and the Internet of Things unifies digital assets and atomic assets, smooths the difference between consumer assets and cash assets, expands public credit, and accelerates value circulation; (IBM-Samsung)
Built on the blockchain Intellectual property protection system, accounting for the use of intellectual property across the entire network, and establishing a global advertising market;
Whether blockchain can provide technical support for the issuance of protocol-based cryptographic currencies by emerging economies along the Belt and Road;
Block Chain + cloud computing can develop into a decentralized self-media and community system;
Blockchain can build a decentralized equity crowdfunding system, allowing innovative projects to enter the circulation field in advance;
Blockchain can develop Develop a fully transparent financial management system;
Blockchain supports the establishment of a global decentralized corporate organization.
In short, in this era when credit has become a scarce resource, the technological innovation of blockchain, as a distributed credit model, provides new opportunities for finance, social management, talent evaluation and decentralized organization construction in the global market. All provide a broad development prospect.

C. What is blockchain technology and how does it affect the financial and monetary system

What is blockchain technology and how does it affect the financial and monetary system? "Cratonic Destruction and Terrestrial Biological Evolution" led by Zhou Zhonghe, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a researcher at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, became one of the first three projects to receive this funding in 2016. He told China News Weekly that the project's funding management is relatively loose, but the problem is that this kind of project is too scarce. Although this is a model of stable support, it is still essentially a type of competition. Very strong project. Zhuang Ci also believes that the proportion of support for such projects is very small and is still targeted at a very small number of people. Competition has become increasingly fierce. "When eating barbecue in Jinzhou, 70% of people come here to drink and relieve stress. For example, the guy who came last night, showing off eight bottles of Harbin beer over the barbecue. Their children earn more than 2,000 yuan a month, and the better houses are only 7,000 to 8,000 yuan per square meter. Even if the family pays for the down payment, the children have a hard time paying off the mortgage. Not only are the parents worried, but the children themselves are also anxious. "Brother Li, who opened the Qiechun BBQ restaurant in Jinzhou, said.

D. The relationship between blockchain and digital currency

Blockchain refers to a series of data blocks (i.e. blocks ), the connection method is: the N+1th block contains the hash value of the Nth block. Moreover, such a chain of data blocks is widely distributed at the same time. Stored and maintained by a huge number of server nodes, each server node has a complete copy of the blockchain.

Digital currency is another form of existence and circulation of legal currency, relative to As for the banknotes and coins currently in circulation, they exist in a digital way. The legal existence of digital currency is legal and was born based on blockchain technology.

District Blockchain is the underlying technology for the issuance of digital currency. This is also the most direct relationship between the two. They can exist independently of each other.

E. The relationship between blockchain and digital currency Digital currency and What is the relationship between blockchain

1. Digital currency and blockchain are organically combined and closely connected. Blockchain is the bottom technology of digital currencies. The most important technical means. The most successful practice of blockchain is innovation in the field of currency. As one of the technologies of digital currency, the use of digital currency also includes mobile payment, trusted and controllable cloud computing, cryptographic algorithms, etc., and The popularity of Bitcoin has made people aware of the technical framework and broad application prospects of blockchain.

2. Blockchain is actually an emerging digital accounting book that has powerful functions , which is equivalent to a cloud storage function. After each transaction for a certain period of time is completed, all transactions within that period are recorded, and complete copies are made at all settlement points. This is a "block" . Therefore, there is almost no possibility of information being tampered with, unless there is a way to invade almost all nodes. Blocks are connected end to end to form a blockchain.

3. The biggest feature of digital currency is It is programmable, it is a computer program, a piece of code. Because it can be programmed, it is an intelligent currency. Because it is intelligent, settlement confirmation and clearing transactions are completed at the same time.

4 , everything has changed from programmable currency to programmable finance, and from programmable finance to programmable economy.

5. To sum up, digital currency is a kind of encryption The form of currency is precisely because this kind of digital currency needs to be encrypted. Therefore, digital currency needs to be supported by blockchain technology. Blockchain technology is also the most advanced technology in the world. Many well-known companies in the world areStudying this technology, the development prospects of this technology are unlimited.

F. Hard Technology: The 4-year-long battle over international standards for the Internet of Things, Blockchain and Digital Currency is finalized

Dear Keke, who has been on the Internet for many years, or More or less, you can personally experience the historical cycle of "the waves behind the Yangtze River push the waves ahead, and the waves in front die on the beach."

Every once in a while, there will be an overwhelming number of industry players, analysts and media, desperately hyping topics that may seem illusory, but are absolutely guaranteed to be closely linked to business speculation, among other things, like At the beginning of this century, grid computing, blade servers, cloud computing, the Internet of Things, machine learning, fog computing, edge computing, and until recently, the blockchain became popular due to the crazy hype of digital currency, etc. I believe that you are not familiar with the key points. After the word inexplicably occupied a large amount of media space, it was unknowingly submerged by more sensational technical marketing terms. "It's over before it even begins." Only in search engines such as Google, historical traces are left for future generations to look up to. .

To put it bluntly, everything remains the same. The development trajectory of modern information science is limited by a single computing container. After all, it has its limits. It cannot be separated from the distributed computing and many dazzling technologies that support huge services. Marketing terms, looking back in hindsight, are just a part of a blind man's approximation, a processed compound deliberately packaged by human beings' stupidity and greed.

"Internet of Things (IoT)" and "Blockchain (Blockchain)" have established a firm foothold on the stage of history. Almost no one dares to deny that "Internet of Everything" and "Decentralization" It will form the basis of "NewInter", but due to many factors, the application level of these two technologies has not yet reached the world's initial expectations. But when the two are combined into one, it will open up another brand-new application field, enough to change human life and the future.

The Internet of Things has been popular for so many years, but its large-scale promotion seems to be standing still

The craze of the Internet of Things is not a matter of just a few years, but it has never been widely seen around you and me. This factor is very complex, and it has both "technical threshold" and "business model" aspects. It has prevented us from seeing the IoT world described in science fiction.

What is the technical threshold?

The Internet of Things is nothing more than the deployment of a large number of intelligent terminal devices, but the data collected by these terminals will ultimately serve human beings. This has triggered doubts about the mutual trust between people and devices: How can humans trust the devices? , how can the device trust humans, and how can the device and the device confirm with each other that the data is correct and will not be tampered with.

If the data transmission and exchange of the Internet of Things goes into chaos, many lives will be lost. I believe no one wants the Internet of Things devices in their home to be hacked and messed with by hackers and "suicided". For example, It’s a ridiculous scene to sleep with all the windows closed at night, all household appliances, bathroom gas stove and water heater turned on to maximum to kill you alive.

Why do we need a business model?

Next, pass the objectAfter the data is obtained through the Internet, for example, what is the current temperature at my house, and how are the crops in the farmland growing now? From data collection, data distribution, data conversion into meaningful information, all the way to data sharing among multiple subjects, it involves "Ownership", "rights of use", and "distribution of value" have been combined, and a series of issues of "credit" and "value" have been derived.

It is one thing to collect a lot of data. How do you make this data generate corresponding value and have the credit foundation, business model and ecosystem to promote its operation? That is another Something happened. Isn’t it true that over the past few years, there haven’t been enough “IoT platforms” that have been put out there but have been ignored for a long time?

The absurdity of today’s digital currency

Fortunately, the blockchain is the best answer to kicking away these two stones blocking the road, ensuring the credibility and security of the data, and giving the data value. It is transformed into a denominated digital token (Token), so that the huge data produced by the Internet of Things in the actual application process becomes the credit basis of this token, instead of just wasting the earth's resources and wasting huge "mining" electricity. , and apart from the exchange between digital currencies, there are no "commodities" that can be purchased, which completely violates the original intention of "reducing transaction costs" in the nature of currency. This is really the biggest absurdity of digital currency.

Many tech nerds tend to sneer at "business" and hold a dismissive and disdainful attitude, but please think about it. Today, the Japanese anime and manga industry and fan products are so popular all over the world. What is behind the development of the industry? , definitely not otakus who stay at home, but "commercialization" that adds fuel to the flames. The prosperity of all industries in the world can also be traced. It is really not difficult at all to understand such a simple truth.

4 Development Stages of Blockchain Technology

Now when talking about blockchain, most people only think of Bitcoin and Ethereum, but blockchain is not that simple. Although there are different opinions, generally speaking It can be defined as the following 4 stages of development.

Blockchain 1.0: Bitcoin not very friendly to polar bears. Blockchain 2.0: Ethereum’s smart contracts. Blockchain 3.0: Realize the integration and interoperability between refining and refining, and then conduct cross-refining contracts. Blockchain 4.0: Create an Internet of Things blockchain. Digital assets come from data in the physical world. Blockchain establishes mutual trust at the bottom of the Internet of Things and fills the trust mechanism for information use. On the one hand, we establish the Internet of Things ecosystem, and on the other hand, we establish business models and economic models. Create a trustworthy IoT blockchain ecosystem. Successful products will never advance by relying on technology alone

After integrating blockchain, will the development of the Internet of Things be smooth sailing? Of course not. Any successfully promoted products and applications in the world never rely solely on "technology" to achieve success.

If there had been no OSI seven-layer model thirty years ago, the Internet would not have evolved so rapidly. There is a lack of “Framework”, which is the so-called international technical standard. Everyone is focusing on “diversity and small quantity”, and there is no economic scale. No matter how much,Startups will make heroic sacrifices. After all, the Internet of Things covers the information exchange needs of the entire world. Without an alliance or ecosystem, everyone will be working alone and unable to pool resources. Real implementation and application will only make the esoteric technology stagnant in the wild imagination.

Without a frame, it is like a house without blueprints. If you only have bricks and cement, you still cannot build a stable high-rise building from the ground.

Four years of international specifications war

After more than four years of specifications war, the ISO/IEC30141 "IoT Reference Architecture" (IoT Reference Architecture) promoted by China and assisted by Germany and Sweden at the end of 2017, Passed the international standard draft voting (DIS), and officially put China's "six-domain model (six-domainml)" national standard GB/T33474-2016 on the wave of IoT blockchain. The six-domain model plays a role similar to the OSI seven-layer architecture thirty years ago, and its importance to the future of the Internet of Things is self-evident.

How did this "international standard" take shape? How did the United States, Japan, and South Korea desperately block China's proposal? How many "international wars" are hidden behind the private wrestling and power struggle between big powers? It's scary, don't ask.

Is there already a corresponding implementation?

"SDChain (Six-DomainChain)", which launched the project in May 2017 and passed the blockchain technology test of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China in October, is the world's first implementation of ISO/IEC30141. The foundation is set up in Singapore, and its digital representative Coin SDA (Six-Domain Asset) opened for trading on January 8, 2018.

The "six-domain model" defined by ISO/IEC30141 and the "six-domain chain" created by SDChain, the former is a methodology for integrating the Internet of Things with all walks of life, and the latter provides a more robust decentralized public chain. The bottom layer, and establish practical applications and communities.

As for the "magical coincidence" between the initiator of the SDChain project and the editor-in-chief of the ISO/IEC30141 specification, please pray to the gods of Google yourself, and it is inconvenient to write about it here.

Does the consensus algorithm of the Internet of Things really require a blockchain?

This is a highly controversial topic, especially after the "blockless decentralized ledger" IOTA has attracted everyone's attention, the advantages and disadvantages between blockchain and DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph, directed acyclic graph) have always been It is constantly being watched and commented on by everyone.

From a financial point of view, compared with blockchain, DAG is not subject to block size and proof of work (POW), is free of transaction fees, and can save bandwidth and power consumption. In theory, DAG It has greater scalability, but there are also concerns about double payment confirmation and the lack of "consensus" in the traditional sense. In practice, the canceled transaction feesThe service field is also regarded as an important link in improving the security of blockchain, so these characteristics may limit its application scope. The lessons of history have proved that if there are already academic disputes, there will only be more problems in practical applications. These will need time to prove.

In addition, due to the negative influence of the unhealthy trend of currency speculation, public opinion these days has been distorted into "whoever looks more popular, whose digital currency price is higher, which technology must be more advanced", but The focus is on ecology, not currency. The consensus algorithm should be determined by the application scenario. Whether it can be "mined" is even less valuable. It does not contribute to mankind at all.

The Internet of Things is in the darkness before dawn

From the time when the concept of the Internet of Things was proposed, to when blockchain became popular due to Bitcoin, blockchain has gradually shown its potential to solve the chronic problems of the Internet of Things, until The advent of international standards provides an overall architectural framework that can be followed, which is enough to help all walks of life truly clarify what the Internet of Things is. In this way, it took nearly two decades.

Looking further, from the OSI model thirty years ago to today's six-domain model, these thirty years have been an era of transformation from "communication automation" to "execution automation". , things will automatically communicate with each other and exchange what they need. How will we manage the "one trillion" connected devices we can expect? How to improve your life? How to create wealth? This is the biggest challenge of our time.

Companies that enter the Internet of Things industry at this moment and have the ability to provide perfect solutions will have the opportunity to become technology giants in the future. You may be lucky enough to witness the Internet of Things changing our lives and the birth of new technological hegemony. It is worth waiting and watching as we step out of the darkness and prepare to welcome the dawn.

G. The relationship between digital currency and blockchain

1. Blockchain and digital currency complement each other and are inseparable. Blockchain is one of the means of digital currency circulation.
2. Blockchain is the theoretical basis of digital currency. Digital currency is established on the basis of blockchain technology. Blockchain has certain guarantees for the security of digital currency. At the same time, digital currency is a block chain. The most successful application of chain technology.
Extended information: 1. Digital currency is an unregulated, digital currency, usually issued and managed by developers, and accepted and used by members of specific virtual communities. The European Banking Authority defines virtual currency as: a digital representation of value that is not issued by a central bank or authority and is not linked to a legal currency, but which, because it is accepted by the public, can be used as a means of payment or can be transferred, stored or traded electronically. .
2. Digital currency can be considered as a virtual currency based on node network and digital encryption algorithm. The core characteristics of digital currency mainly reflect three aspects: ① Because it comes from certain open algorithms, digital currency has no issuing entity, so no person or institution can control its issuance; ② Since the number of algorithm solutions is determined, the digital currency The total amount of money is fixed, which fundamentally eliminates virtual currencySpam issuance may lead to inflation; ③ Since the transaction process requires the approval of each node in the network, the transaction process of digital currency is safe enough.
3. The blockchain shared value system was first imitated by many cryptocurrencies, and improvements were made in proof of work and algorithms, such as the use of proof of equity and SCrypt algorithms. Subsequently, the blockchain ecosystem continued to evolve around the world, with the emergence of initial coin offerings (ICO); the smart contract blockchain Ethereum; the asset tokenization sharing economy with “light ownership, heavy usage rights”; and blockchain countries. People are using this shared value system to develop decentralized computer programs in all walks of life and build decentralized autonomous organizations and decentralized autonomous communities around the world.

H. What kind of world can be built with cryptocurrency and blockchain

Ethereum (English: Ethereum) is an open source public platform with smart contract functions. Blockchain platform. It provides a decentralized virtual machine (called the Ethereum Virtual Machine) through its dedicated cryptocurrency Ether (also known as "Ether") to process peer-to-peer contracts. The concept of Ethereum was first proposed by programmer Vitalik Buterin between 2013 and 2014, inspired by Bitcoin. It roughly means "the next generation of cryptocurrency and decentralized application platform" and began to develop through ICO crowdfunding in 2014. On May 17, 2018, China officially released the first global public chain technology evaluation index and ranking, and Ethereum ranked first on the evaluation list.

Vitalik Buterin is the founder of Ethereum. He founded Ethereum at the age of 19 and had a net worth of hundreds of millions in his 20s. If Satoshi Nakamoto is the creator of the blockchain, then Buterin started the blockchain 2.0. He is known as "V God" and is the spiritual leader of the cryptocurrency circle.

Buterin was born in Russia in 1994 and immigrated to Canada with his father when he was six years old. In the 1990s, when Buterin was born, the Internet began to become popular, and the optimism brought about by technological leaps permeated the world. Many people believe that the Internet will make the world more open, more efficient, and more equal, make it easier to expose information, and make those in power more accountable.

However, while technology has brought great progress, it has also brought serious problems. Personal data is held by large companies and governments. Electronic surveillance is everywhere and at all times. On the surface, social media enhances communication, but on a global scale, it exacerbates ideological conflicts. Bitcoin, and the underlying blockchain technology, represent another possibility for the Internet in many people’s minds: decentralization and anonymity.

At the end of 2013, 19-year-old Buterin published the "Ethereum" white paper. Ethereum not only brings a new cryptocurrency - Ethereum, and based on a common coding language, can be used to create a variety of applications. Ethereum is known as the "world computer" that never goes offline. Its vision is to return control of data to its owners and return creative rights to its authors.

Six years after Ethereum’s public launch, Ethereum has become the world’s second-most valuable cryptocurrency after Bitcoin. A very large and rapidly developing ecosystem has formed around Ethereum. It has begun to have practical applications in decentralized finance (De-Fi), social media, publishing, social organizations, etc.

Buterin has a clear world view. The decentralization, censorship-resistant, and quadratic voting methods he advocates involve democratic practices, Internet structures, businesses, and public welfare organizations. His view of the world allows him to know what community he should be in, what he should connect with, what he should promote, and what he should avoid. This also makes his influence far beyond the cryptocurrency circle. In Buterin's own words, "My life is to be a bridge to all things." He is of course a leader in the Ethereum community. The Ethereum Foundation provides tens of millions of dollars in external funding every year, and some projects have exceeded the field of cryptocurrency. He has 2.3 million followers on Twitter. He is involved in the production of "Radical Markets" theory and often participates in public policy discussions with think tanks and other opinion leaders.

Buterin believes that there are two different forces in the technological field. One technological force will make the strong stronger and concentrate resources more on the head, while the other technological force may allow us to continue Maintain freedom, freedom of anonymity, freedom of thought and speech. He mentioned the conclusion of Peter Thiel (a famous investor and entrepreneur in Silicon Valley), "Artificial intelligence is communism; encryption technology is liberalism." He also mentioned that perhaps the future will not be one technology completely defeating another. A technology, but people living digitally should have the freedom of choice.

For an investor, the most important thing is the "right amount", not the "right number of times." It doesn't help to be confident or to hold a small position.

—— Soros

Is it possible to return ownership of data to individuals while ensuring the efficiency of task execution? Is it possible for such a structure to solve some of the major problems in today's Internet? Can Ethereum take on such a task? What will the next generation of Internet look like? What will decentralization bring? What kind of world can be built in the future with cryptocurrencies and blockchain?