三点钟区块链官方app,三点区块链俱乐部

三点钟区块链官方APP是一款支持安卓、苹果等多种智能移动设备的应用程序，它可以帮助用户快速了解区块链的最新动态，深入探索区块链技术的应用，以及及时跟踪区块链市场的变化。它可以让用户更加便捷地参与到区块链技术的发展中来，更好地把握区块链技术的发展趋势。

三点区块链俱乐部是一个由行业内的专业人士和热衷者组成的专业性组织，致力于推动区块链技术的发展和应用，促进区块链技术在政府、金融、企业、医疗等领域的使用。俱乐部成员可以参与俱乐部活动，参与技术讨论，分享区块链技术的最新进展，以及推动区块链技术的广泛应用。

区块链技术是一种分布式数据库技术，它可以让不同的参与者在无需受信任的情况下进行安全的交易。它是一种分布式记账技术，可以记录各种类型的交易，并且可以让参与者在无需受信任的情况下进行安全的交易。它的最大特点是去中心化，可以让记录的数据在不同的参与者之间进行安全的共享。它还具有抗篡改性、可追溯性、安全性等特点，这些特点使它成为一种具有重要意义的技术，可以用于金融、政府、医疗等领域。

智能合约是一种基于区块链技术的智能合同，它可以让参与者在无需受信任的情况下进行安全的交易。智能合约可以让参与者在不同的参与者之间实现安全的自动执行，让参与者可以在无需受信任的情况下进行安全的交易。它可以让参与者在无需受信任的情况下进行安全的交易，这样可以有效降低交易成本，提高交易效率。智能合约还可以用于政府、金融、企业、医疗等领域，以及其他各种类型的交易。

去中心化应用（DApp）是一种基于区块链技术的去中心化应用，它可以让用户在无需受信任的情况下进行安全的交易。DApp的最大特点是去中心化，它可以让用户在无需受信任的情况下进行安全的交易。它还具有抗篡改性、可追溯性、安全性等特点，这些特点使它成为一种具有重要意义的技术，可以用于金融、政府、企业、医疗等领域。DApp还可以用于支持去中心化应用，比如去中心化的金融应用、智能合约应用、去中心化的社交网络等。

三点钟区块链官方APP和三点区块链俱乐部是推动区块链技术发展和应用的重要力量，它们可以让用户更加便捷地参与到区块链技术的发展中来，更好地把握区块链技术的发展趋势，并可以支持区块链技术的应用，比如智能合约、去中心化应用等。通过三点钟区块链官方APP和三点区块链俱乐部，我们可以及时跟踪区块链市场的变化，更好地把握区块链技术的发展趋势，推动区块链技术的广泛应用，从而更好地为我们的社会发展做出贡献。
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⑴ Hearsay, what is Token Fund?

I was "beaten" in the community yesterday. Someone in the activity group asked who is DIPC's token fund? Then the little DIPCs in the group were confused and asked what the hell is a token fund?

I am also undercover in the group, and my identity cannot be revealed. When I saw these messages, I was a little confused, and then I hurriedly looked for information so as not to cause a group to start. Attack it.

In fact, there is no particularly accurate definition of Token Fund. Generally speaking, Token Fund is not special and is simply regarded as a fund for token investment. The investment targets have changed, from traditional capital markets such as equity and securities to digital assets (equity, commodities or foreign exchange); and the transaction process also moves through various trading venues, ICO platforms, over-the-counter channels, personal channels, etc. Therefore, this question can be understood as who is the investor of DIPC, which also generally refers to "digital asset investment fund".

Hearsay about Token Fund

Compared with traditional VC funds, Token Fund, as a new thing, has attracted the attention of the industry since its debut. The early ICO in the industry prompted the blockchain industry to grow wildly. A large number of blockchain projects emerged, and it also drove a large number of "agent investors" to develop in the direction of Token Fund.

Counting from the first half of 2017 when Token Fund emerged, there have been many entry attitudes. Some investors first use their own money to test the waters, set up small Token Funds, and invest in some projects to gain knowledge and resources. On this basis, we will make equity investments in parallel.

So, the Token Fund 1.0 era happened in 2017. With the popularity of digital assets, Token Fund was once known as an “institution that can make money while lying down”, and even many traditional VC development trends It also turned to establishing a Token Fund for Token investment.

The incentive mechanism of Token Fund is different from that of VC. The operation of a project involves both investment managers in the primary market and traders in the secondary market, as well as some middle and back-end personnel such as risk control, Asset managers, etc. In the early stages of development, there is a big difference between Token Fund investment and VC due diligence. At that time, the industry was growing wildly. You might hear an itemAt this time, you only have a few days to decide whether to invest, otherwise there will be no quota. Therefore, when investing, you must control investment risks as much as possible, including asset liquidity risk, security management risk, time risk, etc.

However, the market has now entered a bear market, and the first-line Token Funds that emerged during the reckless period began to close their investments and enter the resumption period. With the skyrocketing price of cryptocurrency, Token Fund, which focuses on cryptocurrency investment, has gradually emerged in the public eye.

So, compared with traditional VC funds, what is the development history of Token funds as a new thing? What opportunities and challenges are you facing? How will its future develop?

In 2017, in the Token fund 1.0 era, it can be said that you can make money just by lying down, whether it is a blind investment or a follow-up investment, you can pick up the money casually.

This round of bear market is a test for project parties and Token funds. Not everyone can survive, which has caused the current investment dilemma. "Investment means loss, investment means being trapped." .

But this is not a bad thing for the industry as a whole. The bear market is the best touchstone, which can purify the market, squeeze out bubbles, and allow the blockchain industry to develop more healthily. People who have not experienced the bull and bear market do not have a deep enough understanding of the blockchain. The industry's cold winter is not only a test of survival, but also the beginning of evolution, from blind all-in to rational shrinking of the camp.

Token Fund, which was born in the super bull market of the past, is going from "making money while lying down" at the beginning to "digging for gold in the sand", and the bubble under the myth of wealth creation is being squeezed out bit by bit.

The cold winter of Token Fund is still fresh in my memory

Talking about blockchain is always exciting, and it is already only 3 o’clock in blockchain. 3 O'clock Blockchain, this term originated from the WeChat group founded by Yu Hong, the former head of 360 Games in February this year. Since the group was first established at three o'clock in the morning, it was named "3 O'clock Sleepless Blockchain" community". In this WeChat group, known as the No. 1 blockchain information group, there are Sequoia Capital Shen Nanpeng, 360 Chairman Zhou Hongyi, angel investors Cai Wensheng, Xue Manzi, Fenbushi Capital partner Shen Bo, and even Gao Xiaosong, Stars such as Tong Liya, Lin Yoona, and Han Geng. It was this group that was established by chance and has been often mentioned by people in the blockchain circle since then. And 3 o'clock in the morning seems to have become a label for the tense rhythm of this circle.

In addition to high tension, the rapid accumulation of wealth is another hallmark of this circle. Almost at the same time as LD Capital, Fenbushi Capital officially incubated the digital asset investment fund BKFUND and currently has more than 30 investment projects around the world; NEO Global Capital ((referred to as "NGC") was also established in 2017. It includes two funds, NGCFund and NEOEcoFund, with an overall scale of approximately US$500 million. In addition to BKFUND and NGC, from the end of 2007 to 2018, a number of Token Funds were established successively, and the industry entered a stage of large-scale explosion.

Token Fund invests in Ethereum or Bitcoin to the project party, and then obtains various Tokens issued by the project. After these Tokens are logged on the exchange to realize secondary market trading, the Token Fund will be sold on the exchange. The tokens originally obtained are exchanged for general tokens such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, thereby realizing the withdrawal of investment funds and obtaining profits. However, since some overseas projects require U.S. dollars for investment, some Token Fund fundraising ends will also reserve U.S. dollars. However, these projects will still be carried out in the form of Token when they are settled and exited.

According to DIPChain executives, DIPC’s Token Fund comes from a well-known investor, but the highest stake is from capital consortiums such as Iran, Japan, and Persia. DIPChian has a large amount of USD reserves as initial capital.

The choice of investing in U.S. dollars or Tokens depends on the project team. At present, most project investments are mainly in US dollars (mainly equity investments), or mainstream tokens such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, but there are also some projects that accept small currency investments from partners.

Some project parties accept all currencies and then convert them into US dollars immediately; there are also teams that hold ‘Token’ for a long time, mainly because they are optimistic about the future appreciation space.

Why is Token Fund a mixed bag?

For profit-seeking purposes, coupled with the low threshold and short fundraising cycle of Token Fund itself, more and more people are entering. In the Token Fund army, a mixed era has begun.

When it comes to Token Fund, many people like to compare it with traditional venture capital (i.e. "VC"). However, many Token Fund practitioners admit that TokenFund is still a long way from traditional VC. Not a short distance.

In addition, Token Fund also faces considerable compliance challenges in terms of Token management.

Traditional VC has a compliance framework, but Token Fund is now more like crossing the river by feeling the stones. Token Fund investment needs to be transferred from the wallet to the exchange and to each account to complete some operations.Because all addresses involved in the exchange are anonymous, LP cannot monitor the actual investment status of the Token Fund. This leads to the possibility of false accounting. For example, the transaction information provided by the fund management team is inconsistent with the actual transaction information. But LP is hard to find.

In fact, in recent years, many traditional VCs have transformed into Token Funds, even though the asset supervision and liquidation of Token Funds are difficult; as well as the valuation logic of blockchain projects and the valuation of projects by traditional VCs There is a huge deviation in logic. At present, most Token Funds are difficult to value mainly from the aspects of project type, market conditions, and project development stage.

Most Token Funds were born on a large scale with the bull market from the end of 2017 to the beginning of 2018. But the good times did not last long. Since the beginning of the year, the bear market has lasted for nearly eight months and has continued to decline. Prices in the primary and secondary markets have seriously inverted, and a large number of Token Funds have fallen into a loss situation.

At the same time, some tool products and blockchain service providers have also been affected. The platform Hotnode, which was born based on the development needs of Token Fund, was deeply touched. The industry is in a bear market, and investment institutions have slowed down their investment pace and put forward higher requirements for finding high-quality project sources and management. According to Wang Mingyuan, Hotnode mainly helps Token Fund solve pain points in its development, such as confusion in the investment process, inefficient management, lack of professionalism in process supervision, vague exit strategies, lack of high-quality project sources, etc.

However, in the view of some Token Fund leaders, the bear market may mean new opportunities.

Just like the "thousand-team war" in the Internet field, the blockchain industry is also experiencing such a melee: many project parties are using blockchain to transform industries that are not suitable.

There are indeed some companies that use blockchain to package themselves. They received investment during the bubble stage of the industry and their valuations were artificially high. But when the bubble bursts, such projects will be eliminated by the market.

What should a mature Token Fund look like?

First, the technology itself must be mature. Everyone is using blockchain, but they don’t feel it, so there is no need to mention it deliberately. After maturity, we should no longer mention the technology itself, but focus on the convenience and value that technology brings to us. Looking back at the development of Internet technology, this is exactly the case.

At the same time, Token Fund should become a more complex investment institution in the future. In addition to having investment capabilities in the primary market, it must also link up with the secondary market and be able to provide ecological services and so on. In addition, own compliance must also beto be completed.

The current overall situation of Token Funds is: capable teams strive to maintain investment in the bear market and strive to gain profits; most Token Funds will undergo transformation, decline or death.

Equity investment and Token Fund have coexisted for a long time. Token Fund is a new investment species based on digital currency. With the birth and development of the last wave of 1C0 hot market, there are currently thousands of companies in the country.

In theory, cryptocurrency investment is a subversion of equity investment, but currently it looks more like a supplement. Blockchain financing is affirmative finance supported by technology. There are no ABCDE rounds and no middlemen making the difference. The super liquidity brought by this new financing method has brought considerable impact to traditional VC in the past year. Currently, the biggest pain for equity VCs is liquidity obstacles. Lack of liquidity is a mechanism problem. 1PO approval is uncertain, primary and secondary market valuations are upside down, and there are illiquid assets everywhere. The exit problem makes investment and fund-raising difficult. Equity investment institutions will face difficulties in the next year. Facing widespread elimination and painful transformation.

In the future, with issuance compliance and transaction compliance, more and more equity investment institutions will test the waters of blockchain and crypto assets, and excellent Token Funds like DIPC will also learn from more The experience and logic of multi-equity investing. In the future, equity investment and Token Fund will coexist for a long time, influencing and complementing each other. It will be a state where you have me and I have you.

Some people say that 1P0 is like a grand wedding, and 1C0 is like an elopement. Although many people walk into weddings every day, and there are also many elopements, you cannot stop people from yearning for beautiful things.

⑵ WeChat group at three o’clock in the morning

Are you still talking in the WeChat group at three o’clock in the morning?

The group at three o'clock in the morning is very popular because there are groups of big guys discussing the development of blockchain. Recently, my greeting has become, three o'clock in the morning, are you there? In fact, I want to say that the WeChat group at 3 o'clock in the morning is not just Shengye, but only this kind of economic group. The mom groups are basically still active.

Similarly, there are thousands of unread messages after not checking for a while. The economic group discussion is about the cold and fascinating economy, while the mothers group discusses things like whether the baby is sleeping. Heartwarming and humane topics. Equally valued. But compared to the cold economic group, the mother group really warms the heart and makes people laugh a lot. For example

For example. same. different.

⑶ What is data blockchain (BlockChain) and how to explain it easier for people to understand

If you want to understand the application of blockchain, you can refer to many books and opinions, including "Illustration Area" Blockchain" "Blockchain: Reshaping the Economy and the World" "New Economic Blueprint and Introduction", as well as articles on Binance Community, including a detailed understanding of the Binance Community platform, which is extremely powerful.

1. What is blockchain

Blockchain, as the name suggests, is composed of blocks and chains. It is a distributed data storage , point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other new application models of computer technology. It is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order and is cryptographically guaranteed to be an untamperable, unforgeable, safe and trustworthy distributed ledger.

In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto first proposed the concept of blockchain and encrypted digital currency in his paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System". Starting from Bitcoin, blockchain has become the underlying technology of various digital currencies.

2. The working principle of blockchain:

1. Basic concepts include: (1) Transaction: one operation will change the ledger status once, such as adding an Record; (2) Block (Block): records transactions and status data that occurred within a specified time, which is a consensus and preservation of the current ledger status; (3) Chain (Chain): blocks are connected in chronological order It is a log record of the entire state changes. After understanding the working concept of the blockchain, it is not difficult to understand its working principle. Suppose there is a distributed data record book. This record book only allows additions, deletions and changes are not allowed. Its structure is composed of "blocks" A linear chain formed in series (this is also the origin of the name "blockchain"). To add new data, it must be placed in a new block. The maintenance node can propose a new block, but it must go through a certain process. Consensus mechanism to reach agreement on the final selected block.

2. Take Bitcoin as an example to see how the blockchain works.

Bitcoin blocks are divided into two parts: block header and block body.

3. Core advantages and characteristics of blockchain

1. Verification, accounting, storage, maintenance and decentralization of blockchain data Transmission and other processes are based on a distributed system structure. There is no centralized hardware or management organization. The rights and obligations of any node are equal. The data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by nodes with maintenance functions in the entire system. 2. The open and transparent system is open. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the blockchain data is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface. Therefore, the entire System information is highly transparent. 3. Security Blockchain adopts consensus-based specifications and protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the entire system to exchange data freely and securely in a trustless environment, thereby increasing trust in "people" Changed to trust in the machine, any human intervention will not work. 4. Information cannot be tampered with once the information is verified and addedto the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% (almost impossible) of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node will be invalid, so the data stability of the blockchain and extremely high reliability. 5. Anonymity Since the exchanges between nodes follow a fixed algorithm, the data interaction does not require trust (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is valid by itself), so the counterparty does not need to reveal its identity to the other party. Generating trust is very helpful for the accumulation of credit.

4. Classification of blockchains

Currently, the most mainstream classification of blockchains is to divide blockchains into public blockchains (Public Blockchain) based on different participants. ), Private Blockchain and Consortium Blockchain.

1. Public chain: Anyone can participate in the use and maintenance, and can obtain effective confirmation of the blockchain. The public chain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain at present. , typically such as the Bitcoin blockchain, the information is completely public.

If a permission mechanism is introduced, it will include private chain and alliance chain. 2. Private chain: A company or individual only uses blockchain technology and has exclusive write permission to the blockchain, and the information is not made public. At present, conservative giants (traditional finance) all want to experiment with private blockchains, and the application products of private blockchains are still being explored. 3. Alliance chain: It is a blockchain between the public chain and the virtual chain, jointly controlled by multiple organizations. The use of this chain is managed with authority and can be subject to the manager or according to the manager’s wishes. Be open to others. In addition, according to the different usage scenarios and purposes of blockchain, it is divided into currency chains for the purpose of digital currency, property rights chains for the purpose of recording property rights, crowdfunding chains for the purpose of crowdfunding, etc.

5. Analysis of specific application scenarios of blockchain

1. Information anti-counterfeiting

On May 28, Tencent CEO Ma Huateng spoke at the Guiyang Digital Expo The problem of Moutai anti-counterfeiting has been raised: the anti-counterfeiting method based on cloud-based comprehensive blockchain technology will be much more efficient than traditional anti-counterfeiting methods. In future anti-counterfeiting verification scenarios, users may only need to perform a simple scan with their mobile phone to obtain a large amount of complete information based on different dimensions.

Take Moutai as an example:

Distillery address, production workshop, operating employees, inspectors, factory time, transportation vehicle information and driver information,

The vintage source of raw materials for wine, raw material suppliers, storage warehouse numbers, raw material transportation vehicles and driver information,

All information can be accurately traced, permanently recorded and cannot be tampered with.

The authenticity can be easily verified based on the above information.

2. Food safety issues

As early as November last year, Walmart had cooperated with IBM to use blockchain technology to track food.This technology is used to ensure the safety of food and increase the circulation of food to reduce costs. For large supermarkets such as Wal-Mart, when food safety problems occurred in the past, it took several days to investigate the source of the problematic food. This technology is used After that, only one piece of product information is needed to achieve accurate traceability. Important information such as food origin, inspectors, suppliers, logistics and transportation, etc. can quickly detect problems within a few minutes. Currently, products tracked using blockchain include packaging products in the United States and pork in China.

3. Information Security

Blockchain technology is promoting a revolution in information security technology. Three major security threats: man-in-the-middle attack, data tampering, and DDoS

(1) Identity protection

PKI is a common public key encryption used in various communication applications such as email, messaging applications, and websites. technology. However, since most PKI implementations rely on a centralized trusted third-party certification authority (CA) to issue, activate and store user certificates, hackers can attack PKI to fake user identities or crack encrypted information.

CertCoin is the first blockchain PKI implementation, coming from MIT, which removes the centralized certification center and uses the blockchain as a distributed ledger of domain names and public keys.

Pomcor Company: Blockchain PKI implementation path: retain the certification center and use the blockchain to store hash values ​​of issued and activated certificates. Users can verify the authenticity of certificates through decentralized and transparent sources, while also improving network access performance through local authentication of keys and signatures based on blockchain copies.

(2) Data integrity protection

GuardTime has developed a keyless signature architecture (KSI) based on blockchain technology to replace key-based data authentication technology. KSI stores hashes of the original data and files on the blockchain, runs hashing algorithms to verify other copies, and compares the results with the data stored on the blockchain. Any tampering with the data will be quickly detected because the original hash table is stored on millions of nodes.

(3) Protection of critical infrastructure

The "Achilles' heel" of the Internet, DDoS has entered the TB era, and DDoS is still the easiest way for hackers to defeat large targets at low cost. As a weapon, DNS services are the primary target for hackers to carry out large-scale damage, but blockchain technology is expected to fundamentally solve it.

The distributed storage of blockchain makes hacker attacks lose focus. Nebulis is developing a distributed DNS system using the Ethereum blockchain and the InterPlanetary Internet File System (IPFS, a distributed alternative to HTTP product) to register and resolve domain names. The biggest weakness of DNS is caching. Caching makes DDoS attacks possible and is also the bane of centralized governments censoring social networks and manipulating DNS registrations. A highly transparent, distributed DNS system can effectively prevent any entity, including the government, from manipulating records.

4. Financial Industry

(1)Digital currency: Improve the convenience of currency issuance and use

For example, foreign Bitcoin and Ethereum, our country currently has Guo Renbao, etc.

From the use of physical transactions, to physical currency and credit currency, to the rise of the Bitcoin network, more people are aware of the distributed ledger blockchain technology behind it, and gradually outside of digital currency applied in many scenarios.

(2) Cross-border payment and settlement: realize point-to-point transactions and reduce intermediate costs

Transfer and payment. At present, the most mature application of blockchain technology is payment and transfer. Blockchain technology can avoid complicated systems, save the process of inter-bank reconciliation and review, and speed up settlement; using virtual currency does not require the intervention of a clearing house, reducing transaction fee. The clearing procedures of each country are different. It takes 2 or 3 days for a single remittance to arrive, which is inefficient and accounts for a large proportion of funds in transit. No longer going through a third party, point-to-point payment is formed through blockchain technology. Eliminating the need for third-party institutions, you can make payments throughout the day, receive money in real time, quickly withdraw cash, and reduce hidden costs, helping to avoid financial risks. It is timely and convenient.

(3) Bills and supply chain financial business: reduce human intervention, reduce costs and operational risks

Point-to-point value transfer, physical bills or central system for control and verification; intermediary will be eliminated and human intervention reduced. Improved efficiency, smoother financing channels, lower risks, and benefits for all parties.

(4) Securities issuance and trading: realize quasi-real-time asset transfer and accelerate transaction clearing speed

The application of blockchain technology can make the securities trading process simpler, more transparent and faster , Reduce IT systems with repetitive functions and improve the efficiency of market operations. For stocks, blockchain can eliminate paper and pen or spreadsheet records, reduce human errors in transactions, and improve the transparency and traceability of trading platforms. Citi and Nasdaq collaborate to advance blockchain applications.

(5) Customer credit reporting and anti-fraud: reduce legal compliance costs and prevent financial crimes

Customer information and transaction records recorded in the blockchain help banks identify Abnormal transactions and effectively prevent fraud. The technical characteristics of blockchain can change the existing credit reporting system. When banks perform "know your customer" (KYC), the data of customers with bad records will be stored in the blockchain.

Equity crowdfunding: Equity crowdfunding based on blockchain technology can achieve decentralized trust and investors’ returns are guaranteed.

5. Supply chain management

Distributed ledger system, participants track the ownership of assets throughout the process, and can be used to track auto parts when moving between countries and factories.

Toyota is developing blockchain technology solutions for its core parts supply chain operations. Using a large amount of data helps Toyota more efficiently ensure the accuracy of recorded data and can also help manage the supply chain. At the same time, the blockchain supply chain can control warranty, repair goods-related costs and specifications, and transactions throughout the product life cycle through smart contracts.Irrevocable.

The shipping industry’s first public solution, deployed by Maritime Transport International (MTI), uses blockchain supply chain technology to share Verified Gross Mass (VGM) information for shipping containers. Information about container VGM is important to ensure ships are properly stowed and to prevent accidents at sea and in ports. VGM data is stored on the blockchain supply chain, providing a permanent record for port officials, shipping companies, shippers and cargo owners. This replaces cumbersome logs, spreadsheets, data brokers and private databases.

Logistics Integrity System Wagonbang Wagonbang launched a blockchain-based financial solution for logistics enterprises, aiming to provide enterprises with reliable financial services. It can not only help drivers solve the problem of loan difficulty, but also change the current situation of lack of integrity in the industry and help build a logistics integrity system. Help build the identity chain of logistics companies and create a trusted data ecosystem for logistics companies. Using a transparent, supervisory, and traceable algorithm model, we screen reliable companies that need financial support and provide them with financial services. On the other hand, at the technical level, various law enforcement departments are linked to jointly punish dishonest companies.

6. Government management

(1) Election

Based on the characteristics of blockchain technology and considering the shortcomings of current election technology, we will build an open source , Blockchain applications for elections, voting and lottery, we call it ElectionChain. We hope to optimize election and voting technology to make voting more open and transparent, reduce human manipulation, and allow voters to verify their election results.

Including identity authentication, multi-chain system, flash investment protocol, consensus algorithm EDPOS, privacy protection, voting mechanism design, decentralized ELC rental market, storage solutions, smart contracts, etc.

(2) Government services

Aiming to realize an e-government digital ecosystem based on blockchain technology and provide citizens with government services and an automated mechanism for the business of various government departments, it must be All areas of national government affairs are combined to form a common information space, including government agencies, economic data, financial transactions and social fields. This ecosystem should also include registries and corresponding software for building smart contract-based applications and platforms for government agencies, businesses and public users.

⑷ Blockchain development company talks about existing pain points in the social field

Blockchain development company talks about existing pain points in the social field
With the development of blockchain technology, blockchain Chain multi-centralized social media began to emerge.
No matter WeChat, Weibo or.com, everyone is making a lot of money. However, when blockchain emerged, just as social media questioned traditional media, WeChat and Weibo were also questioned.
Current situation in the social field
Since ancient times, social forms have changed a lot. In ancient times, when face-to-face contact was not possible, the main form of social communication was letters, which was inefficient. Not only was it not immediate, but communication within a certain period of time wasThe amount of information broadcast is also very small. With the rapid development of Internet technology, social interaction between people has become very simple and convenient. Even if we are in two distant places, the Internet connectivity makes information available in a timely manner. In addition to text, we can also communicate in the form of video and voice.

Pain points in the social field
1. The current social network based on the Internet system has poor tamper resistance, and centralized operations may experience downtime. Take Weibo, for example. When the server cannot handle the overloaded traffic, there is a high probability that a centralized platform like Weibo will go down. An obvious example is that after Lu Han and Guan Xiaotong announced their relationship last year, Weibo was The search volume was huge and temporarily paralyzed. Decentralization is based on countless point-to-point connections without going through a central server, which can solve this problem.
2. Users expressing opinions on social platforms may have their comments deleted because they involve religion or politics. Social platforms have the authority to delete content and close accounts, so users cannot truly gain freedom of speech.
3. The platform makes money through data analysis of users’ behavior on social platforms, but users do not receive benefits in return, and there is a problem of uneven distribution. Users' behavior of liking and publishing content on social platforms cannot obtain corresponding rewards. However, the platform can accurately publish advertisements and marketing articles through big data analysis of users' behaviors, preferences, and pain points. This is not conducive to the development of a healthy ecology of social platforms.
4. The personal information posted by users on social platforms has been over-commercialized, and the intellectual property rights of published articles have not been protected. Users' personal information is often sold multiple times, disturbing users' daily lives. Articles published by users on social platforms are reprinted for free, but the original authors cannot receive corresponding rewards, and the quality of the content of articles on social platforms will only gradually decline.
5. The spread of advertisements, false news, online violence, and fraudulent information. Today’s centralized social platforms do not have a reward and punishment system, making the quality of online content unguaranteed. Some users use social platforms as an outlet for their emotions, maliciously comment on others, and spread negative opinions. The real and social lives of the people being commented are seriously disrupted, while cyberviolence goes unpunished.
6. Leakage of platform information. Users share videos on the platform, or chat with close friends. The information transmission requires the platform to be operated as a third party, so the platform is fully able to capture all kinds of data generated by users on the platform. On the one hand, the platform may sell user information to other commercial organizations and it may be leaked. On the other hand, if the platform server is hacked, user information will be stolen. In this way, user information is likely to be exposed to the public without any privacy.
A constraint on the feasibility of blockchain + social is that in terms of the current infrastructure that blockchain relies on, when blockchain social has a large number of user groups, the blockchain platform will face congestion, which will greatly Affect user experience. If the user experience cannot be significantly better than existing instant messaging and other social services,social platform, then the injection of blockchain into the social field will have a negative impact. The solution can be to consider making social products for only a small number of users, or to adopt a semi-centralized form. Of course, with the development of blockchain technology, such problems may be solved in the future.
The essence of blockchain social networking is to solve various shortcomings of centralized platforms and bring users a freer and smoother social environment. Social networking is always accompanied by various behaviors, and on the blockchain, through cross-chain technology, various blockchain projects can be connected, so that users who use social products may be able to interact with other products very smoothly. . In short, the application of blockchain technology has certain feasibility in solving domain problems and technology in the social field.

⑸ What are the representatives of the current blockchain alliance?

In the past two years, blockchain alliances have emerged. Who are the representatives? In the early stages of the development of the blockchain industry, many companies and institutions formed blockchain alliances to share blockchain technology research results and seek broader applications of blockchain technology. In the past two years, blockchain alliances have emerged. As of July 2017, there are currently R3 composed of more than 40 international banks, Hyperledger initiated by the Linux Foundation, and Zhongguancun District, located in the core hinterland of China’s Internet. The Blockchain Industry Alliance, the China Ledger Alliance co-sponsored by 11 institutions, the Golden Chain Alliance jointly established by 25 financial institutions, the Russian Blockchain Alliance known as the "Russian version of R3", and those seeking to integrate with micro-finance Blockchain Microfinance Industry Alliance, Qianhai International Blockchain Ecosystem Alliance led by Shenzhen Qianhai Administration Bureau, and Lujiazui Blockchain Financial Development Alliance located in Lujiazui. When everyone adds fuel to the fire, many institutions and talents join in to promote the vigorous development of blockchain.

⑹ In order to seize this opportunity, Tong Liya and Gao Xiaosong joined the "3 O'clock Sleepless" group, but Han Geng was kicked out

Recently, a "3 O'clock Sleepless Blockchain Group" (hereinafter referred to as the 3:00 Sleepless Group) has become popular in the investment circle!

According to China Entrepreneur Magazine, big names in the investment circle such as Sequoia Capital Shen Nanpeng, 360 Chairman Zhou Hongyi, angel investors Cai Wensheng, Xue Manzi, etc. are all in this group, and even Gao Xiaosong, Tong Liya , Lin Yoona, Han Geng and other stars.

This WeChat group, created on February 11, reached the upper limit of 500 members in less than a day. During the Spring Festival, it is said that the total amount of red envelopes in this group reached one million. However, this is not the main motivation for celebrities and big shots to join the group. It is even forbidden to publish information such as currency speculation and ICO in this group. People in the group mainly learn about the application prospects of blockchain technology.

I noticed that according to the "China Blockchain Technology and Application Development White Paper" issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyDefinition, blockchain is an innovative application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm in the Internet era.

Blockchain technology is considered to be a disruptive innovation in computing models after mainframes, personal computers, and the Internet, and is likely to cause a new technological innovation and industrial change on a global scale.

Today, with the price of Bitcoin “cutting in half” from its peak, and the strict supervision of countries such as China, the craze for “virtual currency” has begun to dissipate. However, as the underlying technology, blockchain is expected to be widely used in finance, supply chain management, manufacturing, Internet of Things and other fields in the future.

The group once distributed over one million red envelopes in seven days

The "3 O'clock Sleepless Blockchain Group" was originally founded by Yuhong on February 11. Yuhong had previously He is the main person in charge of 360 Games and is now the founder of SEEU & QYGAME, which launched the large-scale online game "Basic World" based on blockchain.

Since it was three o'clock in the morning when the group was first established, it was named the 3 O'clock Sleepless Blockchain Group.

In this WeChat group, known as the No. 1 blockchain information group, there are Sequoia Capital Shen Nanpeng, 360 Chairman Zhou Hongyi, angel investors Cai Wensheng, Xue Manzi, Fenbushi Capital partners Shen Bo, and even stars such as Gao Xiaosong, Tong Liya, Lin Yuner, and Han Geng.

Xue Manzi, Li Xiaolai, Chen Weixing, Shuai Chu and others are the earliest participants of the blockchain. Xue Manzi invested in Quantum Chain, Bytom Chain, and Mo Chain. Li Xiaolai is the first person in China to invest in Bitcoin and Ethereum. Chen Weixing also has his own fund and has invested in projects such as Huobi, Binance, and Tron. Shuai Chu is the founder of Quantum Chain.

Interestingly, the person who received the warmest welcome among those who joined the group was not the industry boss, but the film and television star Tong Liya. It is said that after Tong Liya was added to the group, there were hundreds of messages welcoming her to join. Tong Liya said that she is still a beginner in blockchain and hopes to learn more, and attached a big red envelope of 8,000 yuan.

Some inactive people in this group will be kicked out, such as Han Geng, No. 1 Matchmaker founder Mu Yan, Meitu CEO Wu Xinhong, etc. Those who remain in the group often engage in intense “mutual” discussions, and there are also some new members who are thirsty for knowledge and quickly absorb fresh knowledge about the blockchain.

On February 24, Chen Weixing in the group and Zhu Xiaohu, managing director of Jinshajiang Venture Capital, had a "mutual fight" around the blockchain.

ThingsThe reason was that Zhu Xiaohu forwarded an article about blockchain in his circle of friends, and said not to drag him into various 3 o'clock groups. He would rather miss some outlets, and would rather not make some money, otherwise he would not be guaranteed at the end of the festival.

This statement immediately aroused Chen Weixing's refutation. Chen Weixing asked, is the method of cutting leeks in equity investment more advanced than that in the currency circle? Is the bubble in the entire blockchain industry as high as the global stock market bubble? Zhu Xiaohu responded that ICO, a model that tests human nature, has never been successful.

Don’t talk about currency speculation, just talk about blockchain

Yuhong and the first industry tycoons Xue Manzi and Chen Weixing to join the group jointly set rules in the group: It is strictly prohibited to post news about currency speculation, ICO, etc. in the group. Therefore, the main topic of group chat is the application of blockchain technology.

Guo Hongcai is a well-known figure in the currency circle. He doesn’t know much about blockchain technology, but he became a rich man through currency speculation. He was kicked out of the group for the second time because he said in the group, "I'm here to make money anyway. Talking about technology is really meaningless... The biggest application of blockchain is currency speculation." After being kicked out, Guo Hongcai was unconvinced and sulked in another group, "They never talk about making money, they are too vain."

China has always been at the forefront of regulating virtual currency speculation.

In September last year, China completely banned the domestic Bitcoin trading platform business. This regulation also has an impact on global Bitcoin transactions.

On February 5 this year, the People’s Daily published another article discussing “currency speculation” and believed that all countries should strengthen coordinated supervision to prevent systemic risks.

People's Daily stated that in recent times, various conferences and exchange activities with the themes of blockchain, digital assets, and virtual currencies have emerged one after another, and crazes such as "coin speculation" and "disguised ICO" have also emerged one after another. Some people join the "coin speculators", hoping to obtain huge returns through short-term speculation. Since blockchain and virtual currencies can transcend national boundaries, countries should strengthen coordinated supervision to prevent virtual currency transactions from causing systemic financial risks.

This is exactly what it is:

The virtual currency is booming,

and it is a series of sudden rises and sudden falls.

Beat the drum and spread the flowers, blow the big bubble,

There is an urgent need to regulate the cloud.

Blockchain has broad application prospects

According to the white paper of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, blockchain technology originated from a scholar with the pseudonym "Satoshi Nakamoto" published in 2008 The foundational paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Pair"Click Electronic Cash System".

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and Unforgeable distributed ledger.

Currently, blockchain technology is hailed by many large organizations as a major breakthrough technology that will completely change the way business and even organizations operate.

The widespread application of blockchain technology can enable "decentralization" to be realized at low cost.

When we send an email, what the other party receives is actually a copy of the email, which allows the information to be spread quickly. However, this approach cannot be replicated in applications in finance and other fields. For example, when you pay 100 yuan to the other party, you cannot copy and paste the 100 yuan currency in your hand to the other party.

Therefore, in today's society, transactions involving cash, securities, intellectual property rights, patents, carbon emission quotas, etc. must be solved with the help of a huge central institution (bank, third-party payment platform, etc.) Trust issues will increase transaction costs and slow down transactions. For example, we can send an email in a minute, but a transfer within the same city may take several days. Transferring funds from one country to another comes with high fees.

Canadian blockchain expert Don Tapscott believes that blockchain technology will change the world and make trust-building technology simple and easy to understand. He said that the popularity of blockchain technology means that we may no longer need a powerful central institution as a credit medium in the future. This is the next generation of the Internet, one that has the potential to transform our money, trade, government, and society.

⑺ How to interpret blockchain in the simplest way

Everyone hears the word blockchain every day recently, so what is blockchain? Explanations such as "distributed, difficult to tamper, and consistent storage" are too technical and dry. Let me give you some popular science here: Blockchain is mainly designed to solve the trust problem between individuals who do not trust each other.

To give a popular example: It is said that Lao Li and Lao Wang live in the same village. Lao Li is a little short of money recently and wants to borrow some money from Lao Wang. As for Lao Wang, he was worried about what would happen if he defaulted on the loan after borrowing money from Lao Li, so he called in the "highly respected" village chief. But thinking about it, the village chief couldn't be trusted either. The village chief had even stolen other people's sweet potatoes in the past! what to do?

The blockchain method is: After Lao Wang borrowed 1,000 yuan from Lao Li, he then used a loudspeaker to shout in the village, "I, Lao Wang, borrowed 1,000 yuan from Lao Li today. Everyone Record it quickly”, so everyone in the village recorded it in their own account books and kept it carefully. This is good, Lao Li can't rely on him anymore. Even if there are dishonest people in the village, there are still many good people. Lao Li can't find everyone in the village to secretly erase his loan records. In this way, the blockchain solved the trust problem of borrowing money between Lao Wang and Lao Li, who did not trust each other.

Before the emergence of blockchain, how did we solve the problem of trust between individuals who did not trust each other? It's simple, just find a "witness" who is "highly respected" and trusted by both parties, such as the village chief in the story, such as Alipay between the buyer and seller, such as the notary office, etc. However, it is possible that such "witnesses" may not always be honest, so the blockchain simply allows everyone to act as a witness.

Lao Wang is relieved, but Lao Li has a headache! Lao Li has to wait until everyone in the village has recorded the money before he can get the money lent to him. There is no uncle or aunt in the family who is slower. Therefore, there is still a certain distance between blockchain and application, and efficiency issues need to be significantly improved.

Recall how you usually trade with others: you can choose a beautiful dress in a physical store, confirm that the other party’s clothes are of good quality, and the other party confirms that your money is real money. , then we will pay and receive the goods face to face.

What if we are thousands of miles apart and neither know nor trust each other but still want to trade? Then there needs to be a third party that we all trust, which is the so-called consensus mechanism. For example: you can complete the transaction through a third-party witness guarantee on Taobao. The money is first given to Alipay - Alipay collects the payment and lets the seller deliver the goods - the seller delivers the goods - you confirm receipt - Alipay then gives the money to the seller.

However, what if this centralized organization does evil, and Dad Ma tears up the account books and refuses to admit that you gave the money, or joins forces with the seller to defraud you of money?

Or maybe the government lends you 1 million, and finally pays you back by issuing extra currency. The 1 million shrinks to 10,000, and you bear the loss of inflation. What should you do? ?

Is there a third party that is not controlled by any government or organization, can complete arbitration in an open and transparent manner, has records that will not be tampered with, and has no risk of running away?

Don’t worry, our protagonist blockchain technology solves this problem - the transactions between you can be witnessed by everyone in this blockchain system, and everyone’s small ledger will be recorded Your deal. If B denies receiving money from A, or if A says that he borrowed 300 yuan, passers-by A, B, B, and D will question him. How exactly is it done?

1) The system issues a small ledger to everyone, so that everyone has the right to keep accounts. We call it distributed accounting.

2) In order to encourage everyone to help othersPeople keep accounts, and the system code is set to reward tokens such as Bitcoin to the bookkeepers. In order to prevent a bunch of people from blocking the accounting, the number of tokens is also set to a limited number. A, B, C, and D need to be calculated through the mechanism specified by the system. , only the fastest and best calculation can get the right to keep accounts. After the record is broadcast to everyone through the system, everyone copies the same ledger. This process of obtaining rewards through calculation is called mining. The passers-by who keep accounts are A, B, C and D. It's the miners.

3) One day, A, who originally recorded the transaction, Game Over, but the ledger still exists in other people's ledgers. Neither A nor B can deny it. We have written in code how to arbitrate and distribute, without the need for banks, governments, enterprises and other centralized organizations to serve as third-party witnesses (decentralization), and the direct point-to-point (P2P) transaction method is called decentralization.

4) The system packages multiple transactions into blocks and links them in chronological order to become the final ledger that everyone has. This is the blockchain technology

In fact, the block chain The simple understanding of blockchain as a ledger is only the simplest interpretation. If each of its characteristics is separated, it can be applied in many fields.

Now the traditional financial industry, securities firms, and investment institutions are rushing to enter the Internet of Things, games, storage, copyright, anti-counterfeiting, credit reporting, payment, prediction markets (gambling, etc.), communities and many other fields. The exploration and application of blockchain has already begun.

The Internet allows everything to be connected. Can blockchain make everything connected trustworthy?

Let me explain the blockchain using the natural stones of heaven and earth:

All science, philosophy, morality... heaven and earth are included. Every thing and every culture is related to the Taoism of heaven and earth.

Blockchain naturally cannot escape the fate of heaven and earth: that is, smooth, random, infinite, and impermanent.

It is this strange stone, and the overall data movement on its surface. First, the whole is intangible. Second, the lines and points adhere to a pattern: the path of impermanence. That is to say, every line and every point they pursue is not a closed goal or a limited purpose. I can understand it better when I say this: when a painter paints a chicken, it has a purpose and an ending, while strange rocks, when created by nature, have no ending. Therefore, the phase is not closed, and the line and point data are not terminated. The technology of block connection is this way of destiny. Impermanence is invisible and has no end. (No centralization means formlessness, no closed form, no closed structure, no closed mind... just like "stone" to do things).

Confucius Lingshi Museum in Qufu, Shandong

Hello everyone, I am Pippi, and I will give you a few life examples hereExplain what is blockchain?

A decentralized, tamper-proof, distributed storage data block linking system that uses encrypted information as the link address is called blockchain

This thing is originally There are many high-tech composite products that cannot be simplified. No matter how simple it is, it takes a long paragraph, and it may not be clear.

The strict definition of blockchain refers to the design based on cryptography technology. Consensus mechanism, a distributed database technology in which multiple nodes in a peer-to-peer network jointly maintain a continuously growing, chained list ledger constructed of timestamps and ordered record data blocks. This technical solution allows any number of nodes participating in the system to calculate and record all information exchange data in the system over a period of time into a data block (block) through cryptographic algorithms, and generate the fingerprint of the data block for linking ( chain) and check the next data block, all participating nodes in the system jointly determine whether the record is true.

Blockchain is a general term for technical solutions similar to NoSQL (non-relational database). It is not a specific technology. Blockchain technology can be implemented through many programming languages ​​and architectures. . There are also many ways to implement blockchain. Common ones currently include POW (Proof of Work), POS (Proof of Stake), DPOS (Delegate Proof of Stake), etc.

The concept of blockchain was first proposed in the paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" by the author who calls himself Satoshi Nakamoto (Satoshi Nakamoto) individual (or group). Therefore, Bitcoin can be regarded as the first application of blockchain in the field of financial payments.

[Popular explanation]

No matter how big the system or how small the website, there is usually a database behind it. So who will maintain this database? Under normal circumstances, whoever is responsible for operating the network or system will maintain it. If it is a WeChat database, it must be maintained by Tencent's team, and Taobao's database must be maintained by Alibaba's team. Everyone must think that this approach is natural, but this is not the case with blockchain technology.

If we imagine the database as a ledger: Alipay, for example, is a typical ledger, and any change in data is an accounting type. We can think of database maintenance as a very simple accounting method. The same is true in the world of blockchain. Everyone in the blockchain system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. The system will be available for a period of time.You can choose within ten seconds, or maybe ten minutes, the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period. This person will do the accounting. He will record the changes in the database and the ledger during this period in one area. In a block, we can imagine this block as a page of paper. After the system confirms that the record is correct, it will link (chain) the data fingerprint of the past ledger to this paper, and then send this paper to the entire system. Everyone else inside. Then the cycle starts over and the system looks for the next person who can do the accounting quickly and well, and everyone else in the system gets a copy of the entire ledger. This also means that everyone in this system has exactly the same ledger. This technology is called blockchain technology, also known as distributed ledger technology.

Since everyone (computer) has exactly the same ledger, and everyone (computer) has exactly the same rights, there will be no problem due to a single person (computer) losing contact or going down. The entire system collapses. Since there are exactly the same ledgers, it means that all data is open and transparent, and everyone can see the digital changes in each account. Its very interesting feature is that the data in it cannot be tampered with. Because the system will automatically compare, it will consider the account books with the largest number of the same number as the real account books, and the small number of account books with different numbers as others are false account books. In this case, it makes no sense for anyone to tamper with their own ledger, because unless you can tamper with most of the nodes in the entire system. If the entire system has only five or ten nodes, it may be easy to do, but if there are tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of nodes, and they are distributed in any corner of the Internet, unless someone can control most of the computers in the world , otherwise it would be unlikely to tamper with such a large blockchain.

[Elements]

Combined with the definition of blockchain, we believe that it must have the following four elements to be called a public blockchain technology. If it only has the first three points elements, which we will consider as private blockchain technology (private chain).

1. Point-to-point peer-to-peer network (peer-to-peer power, physical point-to-point connection)

2. Verifiable data structure (verifiable PKC system, non-tamperable database)

3. Distributed consensus mechanism (solve the Byzantine generals problem and double payment)

4. Nash equilibrium game design (cooperation is an evolutionarily stable strategy)
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[Characteristics]

Combined with the definition of blockchain, blockchain will realize four main characteristics: decentralized, trustless, Collectively maintained, reliable database (Reliability Database). And the four characteristics will lead to two other characteristics: open source (Open Source) and privacy protection (Anonymity). If a system does not possess these characteristics, it will not be considered an application based on blockchain technology.

Decentralized: The entire network has no centralized hardware or management organization. The rights and obligations between any nodes are equal, and the damage or loss of any node will not affect it. operation of the entire system. Therefore, the blockchain system can also be considered to have excellent robustness.

Trustless: Each node participating in the entire system does not need to trust each other for data exchange. The operating rules of the entire system are open and transparent, and all data contents are also public. , therefore within the rule range and time range specified by the system, nodes cannot and cannot deceive other nodes.

Collectively maintain: The data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by all nodes with maintenance functions in the entire system, and these nodes with maintenance functions can be participated by anyone.

Reliable Database: The entire system will be divided into databases so that each participating node can obtain a copy of the complete database. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the entire system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node are invalid and cannot affect the data content on other nodes. Therefore, the more nodes and stronger computing power participating in the system, the higher the data security in the system.

Open Source: Since the operating rules of the entire system must be open and transparent, for the program, the entire system must be open source.

Privacy protection (Anonymity): Since nodes do not need to trust each other, there is no need to disclose their identities between nodes. The privacy of each participating node in the system is protected. protected.

[One of the meanings of blockchain: Solving the Byzantine Generals Problem]

The core problem solved by blockchain is not "digital currency", but information asymmetry and inconsistency. Under a certain environment, how to establish a "trust" ecological system that satisfies the occurrence and development of economic activities. This problem is called the "Byzantine Generals Problem", also known as "Byzantine Fault Tolerance" or the "Two Armies Problem". This is a difficult problem faced when information machines interact in a distributed system, that is, any point in the entire network When nodes cannot trust the other party they are communicating with, how can they create a consensus basis for secure information exchange without worrying about data being tampered with. Blockchain enablesAn algorithmic proof mechanism is used to ensure the security of the entire network. With its help, all nodes in the entire system can automatically and securely exchange data in a trustless environment. For more introduction, please see "Bitcoin and the Byzantine Generals Problem".

[The second meaning of blockchain: realizing cross-border value transfer]

At the beginning of the birth of the Internet, the earliest core problem to be solved was information production and transmission. We can transfer information through the Internet It can be quickly generated and copied to every corner of the world with a network, but it still cannot solve the value transfer and credit transfer. The so-called value transfer here refers to a method that everyone in the network can recognize and confirm, accurately transferring a certain part of the value from a certain address to another address, and it must be ensured that when the value is transferred, the original address is reduced The transferred portion, while the new address increases the value transferred. The value mentioned here can be a monetary asset, or some kind of physical asset or virtual asset (including securities, financial derivatives, etc.). The results of this operation must be recognized by all participating parties, and the results cannot be manipulated by any one party.

There are also various financial systems in the current Internet, and there are also many payment systems provided by government banks or third parties, but they still rely on centralized solutions. The so-called centralized solution is to put all value transfer calculations on a central server (cluster) through the endorsement of a certain company or government credit. Although all calculations are automatically completed by the program, this centralization must be trusted. person or institution. In fact, through centralized credit endorsement, credit can only be limited to certain institutions, regions or countries. It can be seen from this that the fundamental problem that must be solved is credit. Therefore, the core issue of value transfer is transnational credit consensus.

In such a complicated global system, it is difficult to establish a global credit consensus system out of thin air. Due to the different political, economic and cultural conditions of each country, it is difficult for two countries to It is almost impossible for enterprises and governments to completely trust each other. This means that whether it is endorsed by the credit of individuals or corporate governments, even if the value exchange between countries can be completed, there will be huge time and economic costs. But in the long history of mankind, no matter how different the religion, politics and culture of each country are, the only thing that can reach consensus is mathematics (basic science). Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that mathematics (algorithms) is the greatest common denominator of global civilization and the basis for the greatest consensus among human beings around the world. If we use mathematical algorithms (programs) as endorsement, all rules are based on an open and transparent mathematical algorithm (program), which can allow all people with different political and cultural backgrounds to gain consensus.

【Future Development】

The Internet will make the worldThe interaction between them is getting closer and closer, and with it comes a huge trust gap. Currently, the existing mainstream database technology architecture is private and centralized. On this architecture, the problems of value transfer and mutual trust can never be solved. Therefore, blockchain technology may become the next generation database architecture. Through decentralized technology, it will be possible to complete the huge progress of mathematical (algorithm) endorsement and global mutual trust on the basis of big data.

As a specific distributed access data technology, blockchain technology uses multiple nodes participating in calculations in the network to jointly participate in the calculation and recording of data, and mutually verify the validity of their information. (anti-counterfeiting). From this point of view, blockchain technology is also a specific database technology. The Internet has just entered the era of big data, but from the current point of view, big data is still in a very basic stage. But when it enters the blockchain database stage, it will enter the big data era of real strong trust endorsement. All data here has acquired indestructible quality, and no one has the ability or need to question it.

Perhaps we are now at a major turning point - the early stages of a major transition that is almost as profound as the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution. Not only are new technologies exponential, digital and combined, progress and changes, but more surprises may be ahead of us. In the next 24 months, the planet will grow more computing power and record more data than it has in all of history combined. In the past 24 months, this value increase may have exceeded 1,000 times. This digital data information is growing faster than Moore's Law. Blockchain technology will not only be used in the field of financial payments, but will expand to all current applications, such as decentralized Weibo, WeChat, search, renting, and even taxi-hailing software may appear. Because blockchain will allow humans to collaborate on a large scale in a trustless manner without geographical restrictions.

Blockchain is a technology based on which many applications have been produced, including all industry businesses related to data and information. Bitcoin is one of the most well-known applications. The popular explanation of blockchain is that if you buy a lipstick online, you first find the product you like and place an order with the seller. You first give the money to the intermediary platform. After the seller ships the goods and the buyer confirms receipt, the intermediary platform then transfers the money. Transfer it to the seller, because of the trust issue, both buyers and sellers rely on the intermediate platform, and the blockchain, as a decentralized distributed ledger database, focuses on removing this intermediate platform while solving the trust issue at the same time. In the blockchain, everyone has their own ledger to record everything that happens. If a seller takes money but does not deliver the goods during the transaction, this record will exist permanently and cannot be modified, and there is no need to interact with each other. To exchange information, the blockchain world will select the person's ledger that records the fastest and best quality at the same time node to copy, send and connect in series, and finally stack it up to form a block.

When everyone talks about virtual currencies, they often cannot do without the concept of blockchain. So what is the magic of blockchain?

Blockchain is an underlying technology, essentially a decentralized distributed ledger database. It sounds very high-end and out of reach, but it is actually very easy to understand.

For example, if you want to buy something on Taobao, the first thing you usually have to do is to open Taobao, find the product you want, place an order and pay the money to Taobao, which is the transaction intermediary. Taobao will pay the seller after receiving the goods and confirming receipt. This was originally just a transaction between me and the seller, but it has an additional "center", namely Taobao.

During the transaction process, this "center" has unlimited power and can even modify the bill at will. Therefore, the “center” often needs a strong backend to endorse it.

So, a man named Satoshi Nakamoto wanted to get rid of this center with infinite power. He wanted to create a decentralized system in which everyone is the center and everyone is the center. Have the authority to keep accounts. So, he created Bitcoin.

In the Bitcoin system, everyone has a small ledger to record every transaction that occurs. A transaction is only valid after being confirmed by a majority of people. If the seller doesn't deliver the goods, everyone's little ledger will record it, leaving him nowhere to escape.

At this time, you may have questions. Since it is just a public ledger, why is it called a blockchain? This involves the issue of consensus. The blockchain system is a system composed of many "centers". The entire blockchain belongs to all individuals participating in accounting. At this time, new problems arise. A system must be in order to survive in the long term. If the bookkeeper can act recklessly regardless of the cost, it may happen that he originally just bought a mobile phone, but received a Tesla instead.

So, Satoshi Nakamoto invented a consensus method called PoW. This method increases the cost of bookkeeping for bookkeepers and prevents them from doing evil easily. PoW uses cryptography to require bookkeepers to compete for computing power to obtain accounting rights. The first bookkeeper to calculate the result can obtain the accounting rights of a block packaged from several transactions. At the same time, you will receive certain tokens as rewards. This is what we commonly call "mining".

Now that the bookkeeper has recorded a block containing several transactions, the system needs to be organized and sorted. It is impossible to have countless blocks distributed in the system in an orderly manner. So it is necessary to link all blocks end to end in chronological order. At this time, the blockchain was born. The core of blockchain is technology.