区块链技术应用于储能

近年来，区块链技术已经被大量应用于储能行业，为储能领域带来了新的发展机遇。本文将介绍区块链技术在储能拓展中的三个关键词：去中心化、安全性和可信度。

去中心化是区块链技术在储能拓展中的一个关键词，它是指利用区块链技术实现分布式存储，允许储能资源的分布式管理，以及不依赖中央管理机构的可靠的自治系统。去中心化的特点是，数据被分布在多个节点上，通过网络进行传输，不受中央机构的控制。由于去中心化的特性，在储能拓展中，可以更好地实现储能资源的可靠性和可信度，并且能够更好地满足用户的需求。

安全性是区块链技术在储能拓展中的另一个关键词，它指的是利用区块链技术来保证储能资源的安全性和可靠性。由于区块链技术具有去中心化的特性，可以使储能资源的数据存储更加安全可靠。此外，区块链技术还可以通过加密技术来保护储能资源的数据安全，保证储能资源的安全性。

可信度是区块链技术在储能拓展中的最后一个关键词，它是指利用区块链技术来确保储能资源的可信度。由于区块链技术具有去中心化的特性，可以使储能资源的数据存储更加可靠可信，而且可以有效地防止数据被篡改。此外，区块链技术还可以通过智能合约来确保储能资源的可信度，从而保证储能资源的可靠性。

以上就是区块链技术在储能拓展中的三个关键词：去中心化、安全性和可信度。在未来，区块链技术将在储能拓展中发挥重要作用，为储能资源的可靠性和可信度提供更好的保障。

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『一』 What fields are blockchain suitable for?

The first one is the information security industry.
The second one is the bill business field
The third one is the payment and settlement business.
Fourth, identity/account authentication business.
Fifth, each node participating in the maintenance of the proof of equity blockchain can obtain a complete data record. Using the characteristics of reliable and collective maintenance of the blockchain, the rights of the owner of the equity can be confirmed.
Blockchain technology is really powerful. With the advancement of the times, this technology may change the development direction and trend of the financial industry, and because the blockchain technology itself has large capacity, high-speed computing, security, and convenience And other characteristics have laid a strong foundation for the advancement and popularization of technology.

『二』How to define blockchain and what are its application scenarios

Many people now think that blockchain is a universal technology that can do anything, which is somewhat true. Make blockchain technology a myth!
Regarding the definition of blockchain technology, American scholar Melanie Swann defined blockchain technology as an open, transparent and decentralized technology in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction" database.

Definition of Blockchain: Narrow VS Broad

As for the application scenarios of blockchain technology, it is natural to combine the differences between blockchain and other technologies. In terms of system characteristics.

Blockchain technology features include:

Blockchain is a global A database storage system that can be operated collaboratively in various places is different from traditional database operations where read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (a characteristic of centralization). Blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate. Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once joined, the node enjoys exactly the same rights as all other nodes and obligations (decentralized, distributed characteristics).

At the same time, people who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system. In the end, all nodes around the world will complete the process again and again according to a certain mechanism. Synchronize in sequence to achieve complete consistency of data in all nodes in the blockchain network.

At the beginning of this year, the term blockchain began to enter everyone’s lives. From national leaders to aunts who dance square dances, everyone knows this term. This term is widely known by Bit Brought by coins.

As we all know, the first few dozen Bitcoins could only be exchanged for one pizza. At its peak, it was more than 20,000 US dollars each, which has skyrocketed by more than a thousand times. This has also benefited a large number of wealthy people. Currently, there areThe virtual currency generated by blockchain technology is gradually entering into everyone's life, and many people have joined the ranks of currency speculation. I often hear people say that if you buy the right currency a hundred times, a bicycle will become a sports car, and one coin will turn a young model. As you can imagine, among them How attractive.

Since 2008, various games applying blockchain technology have also become popular, such as development games (Network Letts Dog, 360 Block Cat), mining games (NetEase Planet, Virtual Earth, Gongxinbao), these are attracting everyone to join in the name of blockchain, and of course there are some that are really reliable, which requires everyone to identify them carefully.

Blockchain is a distributed ledger (database) that connects data blocks in an orderly manner and cryptographically ensures that it cannot be tampered with or forged. technology. In layman's terms, blockchain technology can achieve openness, transparency, non-tampering, non-forgery, and traceability of all data information in the system without the need for third-party endorsement. As an underlying protocol or technical solution, blockchain can effectively solve the problem of trust and realize the free transfer of value. It has broad prospects in the fields of digital currency, financial asset transaction settlement, digital government affairs, and certificate deposit and anti-counterfeiting data services.

Digital currency

After experiencing physical objects, precious metals, banknotes and other forms, digital currency has become the development direction of the digital economy era. Compared with physical currency, digital currency has the characteristics of easy portability and storage, low circulation cost, convenient use, easy anti-counterfeiting and management, breaking geographical restrictions, and better integration.

Bitcoin technically implements an electronic cash system in which both parties to the transaction can directly transfer funds to each other without the need for third-party transfer or arbitration. In June 2019, the Internet giant Facebook also released a white paper on its cryptocurrency Libra. Whether it is Bitcoin or Libra, the underlying technology they rely on is blockchain technology.

my country began the development of central bank digital currency as early as 2014. my country's digital currency DC/EP adopts a two-tier operating system: the central bank does not directly issue digital currency to the public. Instead, the central bank redeems the digital currency to various commercial banks or other legal operating institutions, and then these institutions exchange it for public supply. its use. In early August 2019, the central bank held a video conference on work for the second half of the year. The meeting called for accelerating the pace of research and development of the national legal digital currency.

Financial asset transaction settlement

Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes, and it is causing disruptive changes in the financial industry. In terms of payment and settlement, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, multiple market participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time. Payment, clearing, and settlement that currently take two or three days can be completed in just a few minutes. tasks, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and secure., regulatory authorities can easily track on-chain transactions and quickly locate high-risk capital flows. In terms of securities issuance transactions, traditional stock issuance processes are long, costly and complex. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish a fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channel. Issuers handle issuance on their own through smart contracts, and regulatory authorities With unified review and verification, investors can also bypass intermediaries and conduct direct operations. In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish a consortium chain network covering core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. The core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers to their suppliers. After the bills are digitized and uploaded to the chain, they can be uploaded to the supplier Transfer between them, each level of supplier can realize the corresponding amount of financing with the digital bill certificate.

Digital Government Affairs

Blockchain can make data run and greatly streamline the service process. The distributed technology of blockchain can allow government departments to concentrate on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts. As long as the service personnel pass the identity authentication and electronic signature in one department, the smart contracts can be automatically processed and transferred, and the subsequent steps can be completed in sequence. All approvals and signatures. Blockchain invoice is the earliest application of domestic blockchain technology. The tax department launched the "Tax Chain" platform for blockchain electronic invoices. The tax department, the issuer, and the payee join the "Tax Chain" network through unique digital identities, truly realizing "instant invoicing for transactions" and "instant reimbursement after invoicing" - in seconds Level invoicing and minute-level reimbursement accounting significantly reduce tax collection and management costs, and effectively solve problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one ticket, and tax evasion. Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Utilize the characteristics of openness, transparency, traceability, and non-tampering of blockchain technology to achieve transparent use, precise investment, and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.

Evidence-based anti-counterfeiting

Blockchain can prove the existence of a file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamps, and it is open, non-tamperable, and traceable. It provides perfect solutions for judicial forensics, identity certification, property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, etc. In the field of intellectual property, the digital signature of blockchain technology and on-chain certificates can confirm the rights of text, pictures, audio and video, etc., and create and execute transactions through smart contracts, allowing creators to regain pricing power and preserve data formation in real time. The evidence chain covers the three major scenarios of rights confirmation, transaction and rights protection. In the field of anti-counterfeiting and traceability, blockchain technology can be widely used in various fields such as food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, and luxury goods through supply chain tracking.

Data services

Blockchain technology will greatly optimize existing big data applications and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing. In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will all emergeWith massive data, the existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges, and edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for all data applications such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. Finally, blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculations while protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data islands" and realize the value of data circulation. In response to the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and application needs of general business users, many traditional cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("Blockchain as a Service") solutions. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce enterprise blockchain deployment costs and promote the implementation of blockchain application scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also play an important role in many fields such as charity, insurance, energy, logistics, and the Internet of Things.

The three words "blockchain" were completely ignited during the Spring Festival that just passed, and the limelight overshadowed everything else. Some people said that this was the arrival of a new era, and the past It has become a classic, and some people say that it is all hype and is ultimately a bubble.

In fact, blockchain technology is not a new concept. It has been applied to many industries, such as electronic signatures, as early as the past two years. Recently, the third-party electronic signature platform eShanbao revealed the latest progress of blockchain applications to NewSeed.

Currently, blockchain technology is mainly used in e-signing products for certificate deposit and certificate issuance. The application scenarios include copyright protection and online signing. , web page forensics, phone recording, email storage of evidence, etc.

Take the rights protection of online works as an example. Since online rights protection generally adopts the method of collecting evidence after the fact, real-time confirmation of rights is not carried out in the process of evidence generation, so the entire confirmation process is difficult. The copyright process is time-consuming, difficult and costly to obtain evidence, and extremely difficult to prove and trace the source. It cannot meet the characteristics of rapid dissemination and large quantity of online works.

eShanbao's new intellectual property protection solution based on timestamp + blockchain starts from the user's real-name authentication and solidifies the information generated during the real-time solidification process. Electronic data, and through the time source service synchronized with the National Time Service Center, online works are stamped with legally valid timestamps to prove that electronic files have not been tampered with in a certain period of time. Blockchain technology can establish point-to-point trust in the network, ensuring that all blockchain nodes can record complete copyright confirmation and transaction records, and can trace their origins, truly realizing anti-repudiation and anti-tampering, and realizing a kind of distribution. trust infrastructure.

Founder and CEOJin Hongzhou believes that the application of decentralized blockchain technology has greatly improved the efficiency of data storage and certification, as well as the credibility of the identity of the parties, and reduced the cost of trust, but it cannot replace the original centralized public blockchain. Key encryption technology, the two should be complementary to each other. Through the combination of the two, users can be provided with a real-time and reliable confirmation solution.

Next, e-Shanbao will also focus on building a smart contract platform based on blockchain technology. Jin Hongzhou said that data storage, Issuing certificates is only a relatively superficial application based on blockchain technology. It is the first step to implement blockchain technology, and the realization of real smart contracts is the second step. "Smart contracts cannot simply be understood as electronic contracts. They refer to a process, from the conclusion of the contract to the confirmation to the final execution." Jin Hongzhou explained.

From a technical perspective, blockchain is not a brand-new technology, but a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, and smart contracts. Specifically, blockchain technology is a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database in a decentralized, high-trust manner.

Due to its advantages such as "decentralization", "distributed data storage", "traceability", "anti-tampering", and "openness and transparency", blockchain technology can effectively solve data problems. By establishing a trustworthy data management environment, we can prevent and avoid various data management problems such as data fraud, tampering, and loss, and promote the efficient sharing and application of data. In the process of practice and exploration, the application scope of blockchain technology continues to expand, especially in the field of public resource transactions, and continues to empower public resource transaction management services.

Facilitate transaction data sharing and transaction witnessing

Facilitate transaction data Share

Currently, the data of different trading centers are not interoperable, and the subject information of different trading centers needs to be entered repeatedly. It is difficult to verify the off-site performance provided by the bidders during the bid evaluation process. It is difficult to troubleshoot the same person repeatedly serving as project manager. Issues such as low cost of breach of trust. Establishing a cross-regional subject database based on blockchain can well alleviate the above problems.

The distributed ledger feature based on the blockchain can effectively ensure the real-time or quasi-real-time sharing of data, and can reduce the repeated entry of subject information; the use of blockchain information that cannot be tampered with can ensure the data circulation process on the chain. The authenticity of the bidders in the regional alliance is directly obtained from the on-chain data, making it impossible to hide the fake performance. At the same time, the sharing of bidding behavior data through the blockchain provides a data basis for the development of "joint punishment of dishonest enterprises".

Blockchain-based transaction witness

The document "Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Integration and Sharing of Public Resource Trading Platforms" (State Office Letter [2019] No. 41) points out the need to optimize witnesses, venues, information, files, and experts Extraction and other services. However, at present, public resource transaction process witnessing is mainly based on manual on-site witnessing, which has limited witnessing intensity, high occupation of human resources, and limited witnessing effect. Due to its centralized characteristics, the traditional digital witness system is prone to data tampering, and the data is easily damaged or lost during the storage and migration process, which has certain flaws in terms of security and usability.

Utilize the distributed, difficult to tamper, and traceable characteristics of the blockchain to solidify and store the data generated in each transaction link, and accurately record the data generated through time stamp technology, summary algorithm, and electronic signature technology. Time, content, data source. According to the technical characteristics of the blockchain, simple structured data can be directly saved on the blockchain. For unstructured layout files, videos, audio and other large files, the summary information and original files can be saved through the blockchain. Save via a distributed file storage service. When there are disputes or problems in a transaction, the blockchain can provide a set of credible transaction process data and clarify the responsibilities of all parties involved in the transaction. Achieve the goals of risk prevention and control in all aspects, traceability of the entire process, and improvement of all-round services.

Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

Promote financial services and corporate financing for bidding companies

Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

At present, electronic bidding deposit guarantee letters have certain applications in the field of bidding, solving the problem of bidding deposit funds for bidding companies. Occupancy issues. However, because financial institutions currently do not have reliable historical bidding behavior data of bidders, they are unable to judge the default risks of different bidders. As a result, the guarantee services charged to bidders adopt fixed rates, which makes a small number of bids with high default risks The cost of personal guarantee is allocated to most bidders with low default risk, which increases the guarantee rates for most bidders to a certain extent.

At present, it is up to the bidder to choose whether to use an electronic letter of guarantee, and the rate is the main choice basis for the bidder. If the bidder performance records are shared through the blockchain and the performance risks of different bidders are analyzed, it will be Different bidders provide different guarantee rates, which not only reduces the risks of financial institutions, but also reduces the use costs of most bidders and promotes the use of bid guarantees. To a certain extent, it can also encourage bidders to abide by their promises and maintain the order of the bidding market. .

Promote financial services for bidding companies

The bidding behavior of bidders is scattered in various trading centers, and the data is simply aggregated to a centralized messageThe information system also has the risk of data tampering (untrustworthy), and valuable bidder transaction behavior data cannot be gathered and shared safely and reliably. Through blockchain technology, bidders from multiple trading centers are gathered, and historical bidding, winning bids, defaults, violations and other behavioral records provide data support for financial institutions to evaluate the bidders' credit in the bidding sub-sector.

Solving the financing problems of successful bidders

Traditional corporate loans mainly evaluate the company's solvency: collateral, audit There are requirements for accurate financial statements and sustained profitability, but most small and medium-sized enterprises cannot provide these "proofs" at all. Difficulty and expensive financing have become problems faced by many small and medium-sized enterprises in bidding activities. Using the methods of the past will no longer work. To solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, we can only rely on new technologies and new tools. With the help of the non-tamperable characteristics of blockchain, primary business data from multiple trading centers are gathered, and big data analysis technology is combined to build a portrait of a credible bidder. On the one hand, it improves the risk control level of financial institutions and taps high-quality bidding companies. On the other hand, it lowers the loan threshold for bidding companies and optimizes the service experience.

Drawing on the supply chain finance model, the bidder is a core enterprise with good credit in government departments, national enterprises and institutions, and the winning contract obtained by the winning bidder as a supplier is considered by financial institutions to be a high-quality asset. Apply for a loan from a financial institution. Under the traditional paper-based model, there is a risk of order and contract fraud and the process is cumbersome. Centralized information systems require operators to have strong authority. The distributed ledger and difficult-to-tamper characteristics of the blockchain will help solve the above problems. The contract signing between the tenderer and the bidder and the subsequent financial service links will be realized on the blockchain, which not only solves the problem of data trustworthiness but also reduces the risk of corruption. The entire system relies on a centralized authority.

Through further analysis, we found that credit sales are currently prevalent among domestic enterprises, and the upstream suppliers of the winning bidder have a large funding gap. The credit of the bidder can only be passed to the winning bidder (the winning contract cannot be split or transferred), and the upstream suppliers Business owners are unable to obtain high-quality loans from financial institutions. If the winning contract is converted into a "pass" on the chain, the "pass" can be split, and the winning bidder holding the "pass" can pay part or all of the voucher to the upstream supplier, making it possible to discount and finance. The "tokens" on the chain can be split and transferred from first-level suppliers to second-level (and multi-level) suppliers, thereby allowing core enterprise credit to be transferred to multi-level suppliers. The shortage of funds from suppliers due to credit sales has been solved, improving the business environment; through value transfer through the blockchain, the financing cycle has been greatly shortened; the cost of supplier loans has been reduced, which will help reduce the production costs of raw materials or intermediate products, and ultimately Increase bidders' profit margins and indirectly reduce bidders' costs.

Regarding blockchain, we can imagine a decentralized management model and technical processing method.

Let me give you an example. There are five people in your family. How are you doing?I have always had trouble arranging work and handling family relationships.

So, you and your family discuss it together and simply use voting to solve the problem.

Then this way of voting to solve problems can be called the most elementary blockchain.

Decentralization solves problems.

What application scenarios can blockchain have?

In fact, many of our families and many organizations use blockchain management forms every day

However, this kind of blockchain application for organizational relationships cannot produce Economic Value.

What are the economic applications of blockchain?

The first type is used for tax deposit certificates, bank transfers, etc.

Make full use of the traceability function of the blockchain so that all records can be retrieved and queried at any time

The second type is applied to enterprise operation and management

Enterprises using blockchain management can better solve the problems of enterprise development and allow enterprises to Able to develop faster and make more money.

Summary: The application scenarios of blockchain include taxation, bank transfers, etc., and can also be applied to business operations.

The characteristics of blockchain are distributed accounting and decentralization, but the ultimate goal is to make people get along more equally. Technology is meaningful only when it serves human values, and technology that meets human value needs will develop. Therefore, blockchain is in line with human pursuit of freedom and equality, so its trend to become mainstream is unstoppable.

Currently, there are many blockchain gimmicks, which are basically used to issue coins. The newly launched ono is a decentralized, free and global social platform. Due to decentralization, your chat communication information is peer-to-peer and cannot be viewed by others. In other words, your every word and deed will no longer be recorded and reviewed at any time like it is now on WeChat, QQ, and Facebook, freeing you from the trouble of surveillance.

In fact, blockchain technology can be used in any field. Information that previously required third-party confirmation can be completed online and confirmed at multiple nodes, making it difficult (almost impossible) to delete.

At present, blockchain is still in its infancy, and the technology is not mature enough, but it is also a better time to enter.

Blockchain is a decentralized technology. Blockchain can be applied to all products currently covered by the Internet.

The most popular application industry at present is the financial industry.

An application that has been implemented is product traceability. Alibaba and JD.com are already using blockchain technology to fully trace the origin of some of the products they sell. Consumers can trace the origin of the purchased products. digital advertising industryThere are also many blockchain applications. Since digital advertising traffic fraud causes losses of tens of billions of dollars every year, there are already blockchain application projects based on digital advertising, such as DCAD, which is based on blockchain technology. Digital advertising applications mainly solve the problem of traffic fraud

In the future, as the application of blockchain technology becomes increasingly mature, it will be applied in many industries, creating a new ecological model based on technological trust

p> What is blockchain

If you explain blockchain in non-technical terms, blockchain is a place where data is stored. However, the data stored in the blockchain is safe and reliable and does not need to be managed by anyone, so on the Internet In this place where data is exploding and information is exploding, having such a place will be like a magical treasure land.

What can the blockchain do?

If you ask what the blockchain can do, it is better to say what applications require the use of the blockchain. As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a safe place, so wherever data needs to be protected securely on the Internet, blockchain technology needs to be used. For example:

Because the use of blockchain technology can better protect the data of policyholders, in today’s Internet, data is value and wealth, so value protection and value transmission are the future development directions of the Internet. And blockchain technology can really do just that.

If there are any deficiencies, you are welcome to comment and correct me.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.

The two parties involved in the transaction do not need to know who the other party is, nor do they need a third party for trust endorsement. They only need to trust a common algorithm to establish mutual trust and conduct direct transactions.

Its characteristics are trustlessness and decentralization. The destruction of each node's ledger has no impact on the entire blockchain. The blockchain runs point-to-point payments without a center that may cheat, and the security is greatly improved. Improved, the entire transaction network has changed from a star structure to a point-to-point P2P structure.

In the future, blockchain will be used in many fields and will have a great impact on human life. . It can be widely used in fields ranging from digital currency to securities and financial contracts, medical care, games, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, Internet of Things, e-commerce, file storage and other fields.

1. Cloud storage

This is the statistics of current cloud storage on the Internet. In terms of volume, Google has the largest volume, which is 8,000PB. So what if we share the idle data on the Internet?

Starlight Cloud creates blockchain data through Starlight ChainAccording to Computing and Storage Lake, the future target of total storage capacity is 15,000P (approximately 15.72864 billion G). This will be more than 10 times that of Alibaba Cloud's 1500PB! It is also more than four times the size of the Taizhou Storage Center, the largest storage lake in the world after expansion.

2. Medical aspects

Using blockchain technology to save personal medical records also retains personal medical historical data, which can be used when seeing a doctor or planning for your own health in the future. Historical data can be called directly. These data are highly private, and the use of blockchain technology also helps protect patient privacy.

『三』Blockchain technology introduction What is blockchain technology

1. Blockchain technology is one of the top ten typical judicial technology applications on the Internet one.

2. Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. In essence, it is a shared database, and the data or information stored in it has the characteristics of "unforgeable", "full traces left", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collectively maintained". Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid foundation of "trust" and created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, which has broad application prospects.

3. Generally speaking, the blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer.

4. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related data encryption and timestamps and other basic data and basic algorithms; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms and data The verification mechanism is obvious; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates various consensus algorithms of network nodes; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various Class scripts, algorithms and smart contracts are the basis of the programmable features of the blockchain; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.

5. The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal". Among them, "the minority obeys the majority" does not entirely refer to the number of nodes, but also to computing power. , number of shares, or other characteristic quantity that a computer can compare. "Everyone is equal" means that when a node meets the conditions, all nodes have the right to give priority to the consensus result, which will be directly recognized by other nodes and may eventually become the final consensus result. Taking Bitcoin as an example, Caizihe uses proof of work. Only by controlling more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the entire network can it be possible to forge a non-existent record. When there are enough nodes joining the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.

『四』 State Grid Electric VehicleCompany Chairman Jiang Bing: Blockchain technology promotes the mobile energy Internet

On January 11-13, the China Electric Vehicle 100 Forum (2019) was held at Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing. Director of State Grid Electric Vehicle Company Chang Jiang Bing delivered a keynote speech, the content of which is as follows:

Dear host, distinguished guests, I am Jiang Bing, chairman of State Grid Electric Vehicle Service Co., Ltd.

State Grid Electric Vehicle Company is the specialized electric vehicle segment of State Grid Corporation of China. It currently operates the world's largest charging network and owns the world's largest Internet of Vehicles platform. The theme of this 100-person meeting is "Transportation, Energy and Cities". I would like to talk about our experience of the next development trend of electric vehicles and energy based on our work.

First, the era of electrification of transportation.

We believe that the development of electric vehicles has entered a new development period and has launched the comprehensive electrification of transportation. We can all see that the development of electric vehicles increasingly reflects its energy attributes. It is not just a means of transportation, which was fully explained in Chairman Chen Qingtai’s speech yesterday. Let me share some insights based on our work.

This is an analysis of the strategic direction of transportation electrification from an energy perspective. The above picture is the entire life cycle flow chart of our electric vehicles, which was made by Tsinghua University. We can see that in the entire energy life cycle process, about 30% of the entire energy becomes power, and finally it is utilized. This is the entire synergy effect. In terms of power generation, we are talking about coal. The picture below shows the current efficiency of high-performance automobile fuel engines, from oil to gasoline to power. According to the most advanced technology, it is only 15%, so its system efficiency is only half that of electrification. Therefore, from the perspective of energy revolution, the electrification of transportation is a historical necessity. When we compare electric vehicles and gasoline vehicles, we cannot compare them purely from an economic point of view, because these are different things. From the perspective of energy efficiency, it is a revolution and a change. Therefore, we believe that the electrification of transportation is a common development trend of the transportation revolution and the energy revolution.

There was a historic moment last year. In November last year, the production and sales of new energy vehicles in China exceeded 1 million. At the same time, for the first time in history, the consumption of fuel vehicles stopped growing and fell in November. 13%. Everyone knows this number. November 2018 is a historic moment, a moment when the growth of fuel vehicles stopped, and a turning point in the century-old history of human automobile development. Don’t underestimate November 2018. This is a historic moment.

These are trucks, more than 800 of them, burning diesel. Once the trucks are on the road, the blow to fuel-powered vehicles will be devastating. Why do you say that? Mr. Yang Lei is an oil man.In our current refining industry, diesel and gasoline have a fixed ratio. Diesel is the power of ships and trucks. If no one uses diesel, gasoline cannot be produced. This has nothing to do with price, so trucks are of great significance. .

A new trend in transportation electrification is port shore power. Now inland rivers and along the Yangtze River, ports have been gradually converting to shore power. This is the shore power of the Yangtze River Three Gorges ship lock built by the State Grid Corporation in November last year. , has been put into trial operation. This is the largest shore power project in the world.

This is a cargo ship launched by the Guangzhou Shipping Bureau. This is a passenger ship manufactured in Taizhou, Jiangsu. It will be delivered in February this year. It is the first time that electric power has appeared as a passenger ship on the Yangtze River. The whole thing has 2200 kilowatt-hours of electricity and can last 120 kilometers on a single charge. After its passenger and freight transportation becomes electric for small tonnage, its technology will rapidly develop to large tonnage, and will further develop to coastal freighters and offshore freighters. As long as the next port can be found within 200 kilometers, it can be electrified. The freighter burns heavy oil, and the refining is gasoline, diesel and heavy oil. If no one uses diesel and heavy oil, it will be a devastating blow to the refining industry. Our fuel vehicles and gasoline vehicles will have no fuel to refill, which in turn will further accelerate the development trend of transportation electrification. We believe that this trend has already begun.

I just talked about cars and boats, and airplanes. There are currently more than 20 well-known companies developing electric aircraft around the world. There are electric aircraft in Europe and America. The simplest electric aircraft is our drone. Nowadays, drones are basically electric. Regarding the development trend of electric aircraft, we believe that commercial operation can be achieved by 2030. This is an electric aircraft designed by Boeing. In 2030, Boeing will launch a commercial electric aircraft line. This is an American electric aircraft company that Geely just acquired.

Tesla President Elon Musk once said: "Except rockets, all transportation can be electrified." We think Elon Musk was wrong when he said rockets could be electric too. NASA has a special laboratory to study plasma rocket propulsion, which has already entered experiments. In the future, the power for interstellar flight will be plasma propulsion, which is electric. Therefore, we conclude that as long as it is transportation, it can be electrified. Therefore, we created an English word that is not in the dictionary. We made it ourselves, called Electriclize Everything. The electric era is coming. We have now built a new application on the Internet of Vehicles platform called Internet of Boats. The platform for Internet of Vehicles has been established. Next, after the power ship is launched, we can add another variety, not only for car charging, but also for It’s the recharging of the boat. So our first big judgment is that the era of electric everything has arrived.

Second, mobile energy Internet.

We believe that the mobile energy Internet composed of electric vehicles, distributed energy, energy storage and smart grids is about to emerge. We know that mobile phones have promoted the development of mobile Internet, and this is how the concept of mobile energy Internet came about. Yesterday, Chairman Chen Qingtai predicted that by 2030, the sales of electric vehicles will exceed 1.5 million and the number of electric vehicles will exceed 80 million. . We believe that this data is the lower limit of the forecast. We believe that we have sufficient confidence to predict that the number of electric vehicles in China will exceed 100 million in 2030. The power of these 100 million electric vehicles exceeds 1 billion kilowatts, which is equivalent to all current power stations and coal-fired power stations in China, equivalent to 50 Three Gorges. In 2040, the number of electric vehicles may exceed 200 million, equivalent to 100 Three Gorges power stations. This is not the most important thing. The most important thing is that these 100 Three Gorges power stations are moving and changing every moment.

How to deal with a huge mobile power supply? After adding intelligent factors, we believe that the development prototype of the mobile energy Internet has begun to emerge. In this mobile energy Internet, every electric vehicle should be a mobile power generation terminal. Now V2G technology has no technical obstacles. It has been fully realized in our laboratories and demonstration stations. Now V2G only needs is the government’s electricity price policy. What’s the next step to get online? Dispatch interaction with the grid? Our second concept is the concept of mobile energy Internet, which is already ready to come out. Next, a question will be raised. If every electric vehicle can be charged and discharged, then every electric vehicle will become an energy user and producer, and become a power source. The direct problem it brings is that if a thousand electric vehicles interact with the power grid, then our current power grid dispatching will have no problem and can be dealt with. If 10,000 units interact with the power grid at the same time, the current dispatch will basically stop functioning.

Let’s say that by 2030, if there are 10,000 or 100 million electric vehicles, it is possible to interact with the power grid anytime and anywhere, to charge and to discharge, then what should we do? How can we support this system? To deal with this problem, we have already taken action.

The third blockchain technology promotes the mobile energy Internet.

We have introduced blockchain technology into the current Internet of Vehicles. Blockchain technology is applied to mobile power supplies. This is the most powerful implementation of blockchain technology in the industrial field. With these 100 million electric vehicles, it is impossible for you to wait until 11pm every Double Eleven to start selecting products, entering passwords, ordering quantity, and making payments. This is impossible. So what to do? It must be intelligent. In the future, the interaction between the power grid and the tram, this dispatch must be a smart brain, a super brain. It will definitely adopt new technology, and we are blockchain technology. Blockchain technology actuallyThese power grids and electric vehicles in the physical world are mapped to the virtual world with fidelity. We people in the physical world cannot handle 100 million devices interacting at the same time. We can map them to the virtual world with fidelity through intelligent technology.

To this end, State Grid Electric Vehicle Company has established China’s first energy blockchain laboratory. Our 1.0 products have been successfully researched and blockchain edge computing equipment has been installed in interactive charging On the pile. This is our equipment. On the left is an interactive charging pile. The small box on the top is the "mung bean" edge computing terminal. It is not modular yet. If it is modularized, it will be made into a module as big as a fingernail. It is only in the experimental stage now. , which is still relatively large.

We generated the world’s first energy blockchain hash value on May 31, 2018. We have made this hash value into a commemorative medal, and it is the world’s first generated energy area. Regarding the hash value of the blockchain, we have registered the "Mung Bean" trademark. This is our blockchain experimental platform and is now running. It is also the world's first practical energy blockchain platform. This is the Hash value generated every moment on the blockchain platform, producing the mapping of our blockchain. This is the mobile version of our blockchain platform. We have implemented the transfer and transaction of generated "green beans" through the mobile version. The first stage is to install the stake and install the blockchain on the pile; the second stage is to install the energy storage and battery; the third stage is to install the car and the power system of the car. If we complete these three steps, we will no longer need to scan codes when charging our cars in the future, and we will no longer need to take out our mobile phones to pay. We will achieve initial non-intrusive, intelligent, and safe charging and payment. At present, we have already entered the the second stage.

What I will report to you today includes the electrification of transportation. Our State Grid Electric Technology Innovation Center has just been established, called the Transportation Electrification Innovation Center. Our concept covers not only cars, but also boats. Planes, and aircraft. As I said just now, there are still rockets in the long term. This is for the application of energy blockchain in the field of electric vehicles. The short-term goal has reached 1.0, energy storage is 2.0, and driving is 3.0. In the next step, based on the overall intelligent development of the power grid, blockchain technology will be used as the core supporting technology of the future mobile energy Internet.

Due to time constraints, I will simply report here. Please forgive me for any inappropriateness. Thank you!

Please pay attention to Gasgoo’s “2019 Electric Vehicles 100 People Meeting” special record

Note: This article is compiled based on speeches. Please do not reprint without expert review.

On February 20-21, 2019, the 2nd Global Autonomous Driving Forum hosted by Gasgoo will be held in Wuhan China Optics Valley. The forum will invite 500+ industry guests, bringing together core technology executives in the field of autonomous driving and senior practitioners in the automotive industry.Wait for connections and buy now: https://m.gasgoo.com/topic/sns/zdjs2019/

『五』How to apply blockchain How to apply blockchain

1. Financial field:
Blockchain has potential huge application value in financial fields such as international exchange, letters of credit, equity registration and stock exchanges. The application of blockchain technology in the financial industry can eliminate the need for third-party intermediaries and achieve direct point-to-point connection, thereby greatly reducing costs and quickly completing transaction payments.
2. Internet of Things and Logistics Fields:
Blockchain can also be naturally combined in the Internet of Things and logistics fields. Through blockchain, logistics costs can be reduced, the production and delivery process of items can be traced, and the efficiency of supply chain management can be improved. This field is considered a promising application direction of blockchain.
3. Public service field:
Blockchain is closely related to people’s production and life in public management, energy, transportation and other fields. However, the centralized nature of these fields also brings some problems. Blockchain can be used chain to transform. The decentralized, fully distributed DNS service provided by the blockchain can realize domain name query and resolution through point-to-point data transmission services between various nodes in the network, and can be used to ensure that the operating system and firmware of an important infrastructure are not Tampered, you can monitor the status and integrity of the software, detect bad tampering, and ensure that the data transmitted by systems using IoT technology has not been tampered with.
4. Digital copyright field:
Through blockchain technology, works can be authenticated, proving the existence of text, video, audio and other works, and ensuring the authenticity and uniqueness of ownership. After the rights of the work are confirmed on the blockchain, subsequent transactions will be recorded in real time, realizing the full life cycle management of digital copyright and also serving as a technical guarantee in judicial evidence collection. For example, MineLabs, a startup company in New York, USA, has developed a blockchain-based metadata protocol. This system called Mediachain uses the IPFS file system to realize copyright protection of digital works, mainly for copyright protection applications of digital pictures.
5. Insurance field:
In terms of insurance claims, insurance institutions are responsible for fund collection, investment, and claims settlement, and often have high management and operating costs. Through the application of smart contracts, Can Thanh Orange does not require the policy holder to apply or the insurance company to approve it. As long as the claim settlement conditions are triggered, the policy will realize automatic claim settlement. A typical application case is LenderBot, which was launched in 2016 by the blockchain company Stratumn, Deloitte and the payment service provider Lemonway. It allows people to register customized micro-insurance products through the chat function of Facebook Messenger to provide insurance services between individuals. The high-value items exchanged are insured, and the blockchain replaces the third-party role in the loan contract.
6. Public welfare field:
The data stored on the blockchain is highly reliable and cannot be tampered with., naturally suitable for use in social welfare scenarios. Relevant information in the public welfare process, such as donation projects, fundraising details, fund flows, recipient feedback, etc., can be stored on the blockchain and transparently and publicly disclosed conditionally to facilitate social supervision.

『Lu』 What are the application fields of blockchain technology

Answer: Application fields of blockchain technology

1. Financial field

Blockchain has potential huge application value in financial fields such as international exchange, letters of credit, equity registration and stock exchanges.

2. Internet of Things and Logistics Fields

Blockchain can also be naturally combined in the Internet of Things and logistics fields.

Through blockchain, logistics costs can be reduced, the production and delivery process of items can be traced, and the efficiency of supply chain management can be improved.

3. Public service fields

Blockchain is closely related to people’s production and life in public management, energy, transportation and other fields, but the centralized nature of these fields also brings Some problems can be solved using blockchain.

4. Digital copyright field

Through blockchain technology, works can be authenticated, prove the existence of text, video, audio and other works, and ensure the authenticity and uniqueness of ownership. sex.

5. Insurance field

In terms of insurance claims, insurance institutions are responsible for fund collection, investment, and claims settlement, and often have high management and operating costs.

6. Public welfare fields

The data stored on the blockchain is highly reliable and cannot be tampered with, so it is naturally suitable for use in social welfare scenarios.

『撒』 What are the most likely cases of blockchain technology being applied in the energy field?

Chongqing Jinwowo analyzes the application of blockchain technology in the energy field Application cases in the energy field are as follows:

1. Electric vehicle solutions, such as distributed charging piles and shared cars.

2. Establish a personal energy system and buy and sell electricity, solar energy, gas and other energy sources.

3. Support community energy models, battery management, and build a conservation-friendly power pool.

4. Connect energy buyers with operators of renewable energy systems.

『8』How to apply blockchain + environmental management

Just put the situation in various places on the chain and record all the changes. Blockchain makes these data unable to be tampered with. Therefore, efficient and orderly management has been achieved. There is now a SMIC blockchain service platform project initiated by Changsha High-tech Zone. It is now in the formal operation stage and has been selected as a key blockchain project in Hunan Province. Next The first step is to recruit companies to join the chain.

『九』 What are the specific applications of blockchain + energy?

With its own advantages, blockchain can provide solutions to the three major energy problems: by optimizing the energy process, Blockchain can reduce costs; blockchain can improve network security from a network security perspectiveImprove energy security; use blockchain as a supporting technology to improve supply security, and ultimately achieve sustainable development of energy through energy management and control.

More importantly, blockchain technology can be applied to the following fields and aspects to help solve problems in the field of energy management and control: For example, in the power resources sector, automated blockchain can improve decentralized energy systems and Management and control of microgrids. Adopting local energy markets through localized energy peer-to-peer trading or distributed platforms can significantly increase self-production and self-consumption of energy. Applications and Data Transfer Blockchain can be used for communication, data transfer or storage of smart devices. Smart devices in smart grids include smart meters, advanced sensors, network monitoring equipment, energy management and control systems, smart home energy controllers and building monitoring systems. In addition to providing secure data transmission, smart grid applications can also benefit from data standardization enabled by blockchain technology. There is also electricity bill management. In electricity transactions, when the electricity sales company, power generation and electricity consumption are not one subject, it is difficult for all parties to trust each other. The trusted blockchain public service platform enables cross-verification, openness and transparency of multi-party information such as power generation and online power, and builds a fair transaction mechanism in the network environment. Immutable records and transparent processes can greatly improve auditing and regulatory compliance.

The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is the only "Smart Learning Factory 2020- Xueshuo Innovation Workstation" launched by the School Planning and Construction Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China. Approved "Blockchain Technology Professional" pilot workstation. The professional position is based on providing students with diversified growth paths, promoting the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and building an applied and compound talent training system.