讲解区块链的好文章600字,讲解区块链的好文章6000字
区块链是一种去中心化的分布式数据库技术，它是一个可信的分布式账本，可以追溯到每一笔交易的历史记录。它的主要优势是它提供了一个透明、安全、可靠的数据存储和管理技术，可用于数据共享、合同管理、资产管理等。本文将深入介绍区块链技术，并解释它的优势和可能的应用场景。
关键词1：去中心化去中心化是区块链技术的核心理念。它指的是没有中心化的组织或系统，而是一种由多个节点组成的分布式网络，每个节点都可以控制和维护网络的数据。这种网络结构没有中央机构来控制和管理，而是由网络中的每个节点来完成，这些节点通过一种叫做共识机制来协调和协作。共识机制是一种旨在确保数据的完整性和一致性的机制，它可以确保网络中的所有节点都能达成一致，从而实现数据的安全传输和存储。
关键词2：可信账本可信账本是区块链技术的核心组件，也是区块链技术的基础。可信账本是一种分布式数据库，它可以追溯到每一笔交易的历史记录。它的主要特点是它可以记录所有交易的详细信息，并可以验证每一笔交易的真实性和完整性。可信账本的另一个优势是它可以防止数据被篡改，因为它采用了一种叫做哈希函数的技术来确保数据的完整性。
关键词3：应用场景区块链技术的应用场景非常广泛，它可以用于数据共享、合同管理、资产管理等。它可以用于支付系统，例如比特币，它可以用于社交网络，例如以太坊，它还可以用于智能合约，例如EOS。此外，区块链技术还可以用于物联网、身份认证、供应链管理等。区块链技术还可以用于分布式计算，它可以提高计算能力，从而提高计算效率。
总之，区块链技术是一种分布式数据库技术，它具有去中心化、可信账本和应用场景等优势，可以用于数据共享、合同管理、资产管理、支付系统、社交网络、智能合约、物联网、身份认证、供应链管理和分布式计算等多种应用场景。
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❶ What is blockchain technology? Popular explanation of what blockchain is
Blockchain has been at the forefront since the end of October.
What is blockchain technology
Although blockchain has been around for more than ten years, many people still don’t know much about this technology.
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. From an application perspective, blockchain is a distributed ledger.
So, why is the blockchain called the blockchain?
Because the blockchain itself is a series of linked blocks, these blocks are filled with transaction records. The blocks are much like the records of a database. Every time data is written, it Create a block. With the expansion of information exchange, one block continues with another, and the result is called a blockchain.
What are the characteristics of blockchain technology?
Simply put, blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, openness, non-tampering, and anonymity.
1. Decentralization:
In the blockchain system, there is no center.
In the blockchain model, it is distributed accounting and storage. Each node self-verifies, transmits, and manages information. Each node is the center, which is decentralization.
2. Openness:
The blockchain system has the characteristics of openness. The data is open and anyone can query the blockchain data and data through the public interface. Develop related applications.
3. Information cannot be tampered with:
In the blockchain system, once the data is written, the tampering cannot be undone unless 51% of all data nodes are controlled. Forge a record that does not exist. Therefore, blockchain technology has a certain degree of security.
4. Privacy and anonymity:
The cryptography technology in the blockchain can effectively achieve identity concealment.
The identity information of each node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transfer can be done anonymously. It can only be accessed with the authorization of the data owner, thus ensuring data security and personal privacy.
Xiao Li lent 10,000 yuan to Xiao Wang. Xiao Li found two people in common and Xiao Bai to prove it. This accounting model is a centralized accounting model, and Xiaobai is the center.
However, a year later, when Xiao Li wanted to get the money back, Xiao Wang Shikou denied that he had lent him the money. It turned out that Xiao Wang introduced Xiao Bai’s girlfriend to his company.got a job.
This is the disadvantage of centralized accounting.
Xiao Li learned a lesson and gained wisdom. In the future, when someone asked him to borrow money, he said on WeChat in the village that I would lend so-and-so how much money. In this way, everyone in the village knew that Xiao Li How much did Li lend to whom?
In this way, when Xiao Li asks for debt again in the future, the other party will not deny the issue, because a consensus mechanism has been established in the minds of the people in the village: How much did you borrow from Xiao Li? .
This is the advantage of decentralized accounting.
Because after all, there are many people to testify about this transaction. If it seems to be a fraud, it will be unless more than half of the people in the village are bought. However, the price is very high.
In fact, these characteristics of the blockchain are all to solve the problem of "trust". The rich application scenarios of the blockchain are also based on the blockchain's ability to solve the problem of information asymmetry. At the same time, Blockchain also helps achieve collaborative trust and consistent action among multiple entities.
What are the applications of blockchain?
In addition to digital currency, there are many application scenarios of blockchain.
1. Medical field
Blockchain helps realize smart medical care, such as going to the hospital to see a doctor. Through the blockchain model, the patient’s medical status, cases, treatment status, etc. are all Clearly visible, saving a lot of medical resources.
2. Copyright field
Blockchain can prove the authenticity and uniqueness of the copyright of works, from the birth to the transfer of audio, video, pictures, text and other works. Can be tracked and recorded, and form tamper-proof information.
3. Logistics field
After applying blockchain in the logistics field, goods can be traced from production to consumption.
4. Food safety
Is blockchain used for food safety? Through blockchain traceability, one can easily trace the past and present life of their food.
5. Securities trading
For example, traditional securities trading requires the coordination of multiple institutions to complete, while the blockchain system can independently complete one-stop transactions. This service can make securities trading simpler and faster.
However, many people have big misunderstandings about blockchain. The biggest misunderstanding is: blockchain = Bitcoin
In fact, blockchain and Bitcoin is not the same thing. Blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin, and Bitcoin is the first application of blockchain.
❷ Explain blockchain in vernacular
img src=' https://p26 . toutiaoimg.com/large/39b 70000088 e 51 B3 c 258 '/
Recently, various ICO financial scams have been blocked in China, but this does not hinder the development of blockchain technology. Flourish. After all, technology is innocent and can bring benefits to people. As for how to use it, it depends on people to operate it. If the operation is good, you can recommend development. If the operation is not good, it is like the major ICO projects. Find some knowledge for Internet celebrities to conduct so-called illegal fund-raising and financial fraud.
After talking for a long time, what is blockchain? When it comes to blockchain, the first thing that comes to mind for many people is Bitcoin. We need to solve a problem. Bitcoin is a blockchain, but blockchain is not Bitcoin. Simply put, blockchain is distributed ledger technology (DLT), not a token. It has many characteristics, such as decentralization, traceability, and difficulty in tampering.
(1) Blockchain is a distributed database
First of all, this is a decentralized distributed architecture system. Therefore, having only one central server or node is not called a blockchain. For example, if you go to Taobao to buy a mobile phone, you and the seller are strangers and have no basis for trust. If you give the money to the seller first, the seller may block you by not delivering the goods, and then your mobile phone money will be gone. If the seller ships first, do you pay? It is possible that you do not pay the seller after receiving the goods, and one party may lose money anyway. At this time, a third-party guarantee is needed to solve the trust problem. Just like Alipay now, you give money to Alipay and the seller will deliver the goods. When you receive the goods, the seller will receive the money.
The above example is a centralized system because all guarantee work is handled by Bora, a third-party payment company. Suppose one day Alipay wants to tamper with data, neither buyers nor sellers can do anything because all authority is in the hands of one company.
At this time, a distributed database is needed. This third party is no longer Alipay, but thousands of monitors. When you buy a mobile phone on Taobao, you will shout to everyone that I am going to XXX to buy a mobile phone, and I paid XXX yuan. The other person will yell like everyone else. I collected XXX’s mobile phone bill and sent it over. In this way, everyone knows about this transaction and everyone is recording this transaction, so it is useless if one or two nodes have problems or malicious behavior, because most nodes have recorded this matter.
(B) Blockchain uses encryption technology to ensure data security
There are two important points here: 1. Crypto-enabled hash function 2. Asymmetric encryption.
If you are interested in specific concepts, you can go online, but people without basic knowledge may not be able to understand it, because these two points are too professional. In fact, if you only know the use of blockchain, you don’t need to have an in-depth understanding of it. It is also a technical concept. All you need to know is that blockchain relies on these technical points to ensure data security and is not easily tampered with. Of course, many people say that these two points can guarantee 100% non-tampering. here iWant to be conservative. As an author who works in the security industry, I have always been skeptical about 100% security, so it may be more appropriate to call it difficult to be tampered with.
I will briefly introduce these two concepts and try to explain them clearly in plain English.
1. Cryptographic Hash Function
This is mainly used to verify the integrity of information. For example, I sent a message to the company leader saying that I was sick on Friday and needed to take a day off. At this time, a hash value will be generated based on the message I sent, such as: 123456. At this point, when the leader receives this message, a hash value is also generated. Because the content of the message I sent has not changed (it has not been tampered with), the hash value remains unchanged, still: 123456. This is if someone wants to tamper with this news and get sick on Friday and need to take a year off. At this time, the hash value will change, such as: 123489. That's when we learned our information had been tampered with.
2. Asymmetric encryption
It is mainly used for information encryption and authentication. It is actually two keys, one is called the public key and the other is called the private key. Public key encryption, private key decryption.
A public key is a key that everyone has. You own it, I own it. We can all encrypt with this key, but when decrypting it must be decrypted with my private key. If you don't have my private key, you can't decrypt it.
(C) The blockchain uses a consensus algorithm to reach consensus on new data.
The role of the consensus algorithm is to enable all nodes to reach a consensus on the new block. In other words, everyone must approve the new block.
For a centralized deployment system, this is simple, everything is controlled by the center, but in the distributed system of the blockchain, it is very complicated. For example, there are three nodes. A said he bought a mobile phone from XXX store and paid for it, B said he didn’t pay, and C said he didn’t pay enough. Then who do you listen to? What's more, blockchain technology is not as simple as three nodes, but a huge distributed system.
This is when a solution is needed. There is a corresponding problem in computer science called the "Byzantine Universal Problem" or "Byzantine Fault Tolerance" (BFT). This question was raised not because of Bitcoin, but because of a special background.
Early aircraft had three independent control systems. Why do we need three independent control systems? For example, in an emergency, there is a plane opposite. How to judge whether you should hide? If there is only one system, there is no choice, which is equivalent to centralized deployment. If the system breaks, you're dead. What if one of the two systems breaks? The good ones are said to hide, and the bad ones are said not to hide. The computer cannot judge the final result. Therefore, three independent systems are needed to support it, and the probability of two total failures is still very small. But this only takes into account injuries. What should I do if there is a malicious system? Is three enough? The answer is no, we need four systems to maintain consensus.
The use of blockchain is similar, because it is supported by a huge number of nodes, and each node is an independent system without interfering with each other. We can assume that the number of failed nodes and malicious nodes is limited, so it will not cause abnormal consistency of data.
Related Q&A: BlockWhat is a chain? What is the use?
Blockchain is a new computing paradigm and distributed infrastructure that uses fast chain data structures, distributed node consensus algorithms, cryptography and smart contracts based on automated script code to produce, verify, store and transmit data. It can also be said that blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that can provide a decentralized trust mechanism in a non-trust environment, allowing multi-party participants to conduct secure and trust-based transactions without intermediaries.
The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization. It can realize decentralized credit-based transactions in a distributed system where nodes do not need to trust each other by using data encryption, timestamps, distributed consensus and economic incentives. Point-to-point transactions, coordination and collaboration provide solutions to the common problems of high cost, low efficiency and insecure data storage in centralized institutions.
The fields of use of blockchain include digital currency, certificates, finance, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. With the popularity of blockchain and Bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered. It has had a relatively large impact on the domain name industry.
Related Q&A: Can you explain to me what a blockchain is in an easy-to-understand way?
Er Gazi is my friend since we were young, and we were naked in Hegou together. Later, I came to the city to study and work, and lived a life as a drifter in the north; he farmed at home and also did some small business, and now he has a son and a daughter, and his life is safe. He envied my so-called "seen the world", and I envied his simple life without the pressure of mortgage loans. We have completely different and mutually enviable lives??
That day, Ga Zi came to me on WeChat and asked "District" What is a blockchain?" I was stunned for a moment, how could this idiot care about such an avant-garde word? I pretended to be calm and prepared to talk about the technical principles bit by bit, but I could see the confused expression of that idiot through the screen of my mobile phone. How to explain "what is blockchain" to people who have a little bit of Internet concepts and technical foundation? This seems to be a very thorny problem??
The village commissary interprets the core of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)
The core essence of blockchain is "decentralization", and almost all operating modes of blockchain operate around the concept of "decentralization". Once you understand what "decentralization" is, you can basically explain the question "what is a blockchain?" For Erga, of course, he must perform a version that he can understand.
“I said, Gazi, are you still open that canteen at the east end of the village?” Gazi answered yes. I decided to use this canteen as an example to explain the actual use of blockchain in modern business and financial models. Scenario, so that he can better understand what blockchain is.
"Are there still many villagers who take credit now? By the end of the year, some of the accounts cannot be remembered clearly, and there are still many defaulters or those who refuse to accept their accounts?" At this point, Ergazi got emotional and kept complaining. Nowadays, people's hearts are not as old as before, and business is difficult to do!
“In the past, the operation mode of your canteen was a typical centralized one. You gave credit to the villagers and you could take credit, and all the accounting was done.They are all directly connected to our villagers through you, and you are the center of all accounts. " Ergazi said he understood and let me continue.
I said: "If you fail one day, then all the debts will become dead debts? It is estimated that it will be difficult to get back the IOUs written in black and white. Forget about remembering those accounts orally, but the decentralization of the blockchain can solve this problem very well. As long as the earth still exists, then the blockchain will remember that every account will exist forever." Erga became more energetic after hearing this.
The essence of the blockchain is "decentralization"
"The The essence is decentralization. Once someone takes credit from you, all the neighbors in the village will help you keep accounts. Because there are many nodes for accounting, it is neither easy to make mistakes nor others can refuse to pay, so everyone reaches a consensus. If someone maliciously fails to repay the debt, the whole village will know his character, and no one will be willing to have financial dealings with him in the future??"
At this point, Gazi was obviously a little excited. It seemed that he was I was really worried about the credit issue. Seeing that Gazi was interested, I also felt a small sense of accomplishment and continued: "Of course, the above is just an analogy. In fact, the blockchain does not really allow villagers to get paper. The pen helps you keep accounts, but it is done through the Internet and computer networking. "
At this time, Gazi was a little confused and asked: "Then what others bought from me, wouldn't everyone in the village know it? Then who would buy things from me? There is really no privacy at all. And you don’t have time to keep accounts here. Last year’s accounts are said to be this year’s. What if you keep procrastinating? "
"Okay, Gazi, your question is on point. "It seems that Gazi is not stupid at all, and he is very shrewd in doing business. I continued to explain: "So, the recording and transmission of this information are all done through encryption. What you see is a picture of numbers and English. String, and each account has a timestamp to record the time of occurrence, which cannot be relied on. "
Gazi had another question: "Is it possible that the people who owe the debt have a good relationship with the villagers, and they join forces to tamper with the accounting? Then you won’t be able to explain clearly at that time??”
“Gazi, that’s all you have, haha. "I understood Gazi's concerns and continued to explain: "The mechanism of the blockchain requires more than 51% of people to agree to tamper with a bill. Everyone has a degree of closeness and distance between them, and it is impossible for everyone to favor the same person. If it were a computer, more than half of the computers on the entire network would need to recalculate. This project would be so huge that it would be almost impossible to complete."
In this way, through the actual situation of the canteen and combined with some scenes in life, Gazi understood What is in the blockchain: decentralization, distributed accounting, consensus mechanism, encryption mechanism, timestamp, and the characteristics of being difficult to tamper with.
Ergazi was silent for a moment, seeming to be digesting the example I just gave him. I don’t know how much he can understand the example. Not long after, he sent me a voice message on WeChat: “What does blockchain mean? In the past, when I bought goods online and paid, I had to go through Jack Ma’s house. If there is a blockchain, can we directly trade with sellers?, anyway, accounting is very safe. "
"Okay, Gazi, it's really clear at first glance. Blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed ledger data cloud. Of course, it can be understood according to your understanding. "I'm very happy that Ga Zi can roughly appreciate the true charm of the blockchain. Fortunately, my words have not been in vain.
What is Bitcoin? (Picture quoted from the Internet)
"Then Bitcoin What is this thing again? What does it have to do with blockchain? "Gazi asked.
I thought about it briefly and decided to continue to explain to Gazi with the story of the canteen: "In your canteen, the villagers can't keep accounts for you for free all day long. Do you have to carry some during the holidays? This is the reward mechanism of the blockchain, and everyone who participates in bookkeeping may receive rewards. "
"Then what are the rewards based on? There has to be a rule, right? "Gazi asked very puzzled.
I explained: "Zhang San went to your store to borrow a pack of cigarettes on credit, but Li Si knew about it first and helped you keep an account first, and then other people knew about it. Keep accounts, then Li Si will be able to get a small red flower as a reward ~ This small red flower is generated by the blockchain system and has no value in itself, so you do not need to pay any cost for this small red flower??"< p>“Can Bitcoin be spent as money? How is it different from the banknotes we usually spend? "Gazi continued to ask.
"Bitcoin is a digital encrypted virtual currency. In principle, it has no value itself like our banknotes. However, banknotes have a credit guarantee from the state, so they have value. Bitcoin is the value formed by consensus among Bitcoin network users, and it has tradable properties, so it can be used to carry value. "What is said here is a bit profound. I don't know if Gazi can understand it.
I continued to explain: "Banknotes can be printed infinitely. If more are printed, inflation will occur. When we were young, popsicles worth 1 cent were very good. , now you can’t eat with 1 yuan. Of course, there are many factors that affect inflation. The number of Bitcoins is fixed, and there is no possibility of unlimited over-issuance. However, different people have different judgments on their value, and coupled with the influence of supply and demand and investor sentiment, their prices are always fluctuating. ”
What is the difference between Bitcoin price fluctuations and stocks?
“So is speculating in Bitcoin just like speculating in stocks? Can you understand it this way? "Gazi seems to know a lot.
"In fact, there are some similarities, but there are also big differences. "I continued Gazi's topic: "The price of stocks always fluctuates around the valuation of companies, and there is government supervision in the stock market. Bitcoin itself has no value. It is priced entirely based on supply and demand and player valuations. It grows wildly without any government supervision. Therefore, it may have higher risks and higher returns than stocks. "
In the end, Gazi revealed the real purpose of today. He asked me: "Can I invest in blockchain projects? ”
Gazi is a typical example of those who don’t go to the Three Treasures Hall for anything. Although there is a large circle, both blockchain and Bitcoin, in fact, heThe real question I'm concerned about is "Is investment in blockchain projects reliable?" As soon as I said this, I was extremely shocked. Nowadays, so-called blockchain investment projects have actually reached fourth- and sixth-tier cities and small towns. !
Up to now, there are only three situations in investing in blockchain: mining, currency speculation, and so-called blockchain projects.
Mining and currency speculation are still the main lines of the blockchain (pictures quoted from the Internet)
The so-called mining is to obtain returns by purchasing mining equipment such as mining machines, mining virtual currencies, and then selling them for cash. . You can install the mining machine yourself, or you can find a mining pool to host it, but the core keys to profitability are "computing power" and "power consumption" as well as investment in equipment. With the sharp drop in the price of virtual currencies and the increase in mining difficulty, the current mining returns of many currencies are very unsatisfactory. Mining is obviously something only a very small number of investors who understand technology can do well, and my childhood friend Gazi obviously can’t do it.
As for "coin speculation", I have just introduced some differences between Bitcoin and stocks in the previous section. In principle, although they are both "buy low and sell high" operations, they are very different. Ordinary investors cannot determine the value of a virtual currency itself. The price is determined entirely by the relationship between supply and demand, which is somewhat similar to what we often call "market makers." On the other hand, the virtual currency trading market is extremely unstandardized, and fraud and hacker attacks often occur. The risk factor is much greater than investing in stocks. For the safety of my friends' funds, I am one of the ten thousand people who disagree with me and come to "speculate in coins"!
The "September Fourth Movement" stipulated that the issuance of virtual currency is illegal
In fact, in my opinion, most of the so-called investment projects in the market are essentially "illegal fund-raising" and "pyramid schemes." Some so-called blockchain investment projects attract investors into the circle through various packaging and inflammatory rhetoric, and then create the illusion of profitability by building a software and hardware ecosystem of issuing new coins + mining + currency speculation, and then finally run away. Our country's laws clearly stipulate that the issuance of virtual currencies is illegal.
Illegal pyramid schemes now wear the cloak of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)
And how to identify some pyramid schemes under the guise of blockchain? In fact, these pyramid schemes are also so-called Ponzi schemes, what we people often call "empty gloves." These so-called "direct sales" or "marketing" activities often have no actual products to circulate, and rely more on developing "downline" to ensure top-level profits. With the rise of the concept of blockchain, this MLM model has shown an intensification trend, and it even deceives people under the banner of state support for new technologies.
When Gazi asked, “Can blockchain projects be invested in?”, I realized the seriousness of the problem. Gazi is a typical young man from a small town, and his pursuit is his wife and children. But when faced with the attraction of "wealth", people often do inappropriate things. Mining and currency speculation are simply not suitable for him, let alone blockchain investment projects that are most likely "illegal financing" or "illegal pyramid schemes"!
I quickly dialed Gazi’s phone number and carefully conducted the above analysis??
❸ An easy-to-understand explanation of blockchain
The popular explanation of blockchain technology is as follows:
To put it simply: blockchain is the use of a package of existing networks Technology, a new generation of network system, this network system has a new structure, a new mechanism, and unprecedented new value. Five major technologies or innovations are specifically used: encryption technology, P2P network technology, distributed storage technology, consensus mechanism, and smart contracts.
Essentially: it is a shared database, and the data or information stored in it is "unforgeable", "full-process traces", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collectively maintained" ” and other characteristics. Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid foundation for "trust-based sales" and created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism. Yunchun has broad application prospects.
2. Openness.
In addition to the encryption of private information of all parties to the transaction, the blockchain data is open to everyone and provides a flexible script code system. The entire system information is highly transparent and within the rules specified by the system. Nodes cannot deceive each other.
3. Autonomy.
Consensus technology, smart contracts.
❹ What is blockchain? A popular explanation of a new accounting method (you will understand after reading it carefully)
In the past two years, a new accounting method has been circulated on the Internet. The financial model is "blockchain". I think many people still don't understand the meaning of this. After all, "blockchain" is still "advanced" to ordinary people. So what is blockchain? What is the popular explanation? In fact, it is not as complicated as we imagined, so let me tell you what "blockchain" is and see what is special about this model!
The most popular explanation of blockchain:What exactly is the "blockchain" that people often talk about? I believe that many people don’t know much about it, and most of the information they view on the Internet is “unclear”. In fact, it is easy to understand. So what is the popular explanation of blockchain? Fundamentally speaking, this model is a "decentralized" accounting method. So what is "decentralization"? All our current exchanges and communications on the Internet will actually be stored in a "centralized" server on a browser or APP. The other party can check our browsing information at will, and "decentralization" is convenient. This can be completely avoided.
Once information is written into the "blockchain", it cannot be tampered with., ensuring its authenticity and confidentiality. It can also avoid the intervention of third-party platforms in transactions on the virtual market. The transaction is directly completed by both parties, which saves a lot of procedures and time, and also ensures that the information is not There is no possibility of data loss due to security issues such as leakage and transparency!
After reading the above introduction, do you have a new understanding of the "blockchain" model? can't read? Let’s take a look at it through a comic below!
Fields of application of blockchain
The "blockchain" model can be applied in many fields, the first of which must be finance. The earliest blockchain is from Born in Bitcoin. This new technology can also be used in education, e-commerce, film and television, etc. Now all walks of life are exploring this new field, hoping to have a foothold in the development of the future era!
❺ The meaning of digital identity in the blockchain (with an excellent blockchain article that triggers thinking)
As the infrastructure and connector of the current Internet, WeChat has all the value They are all based on "connection", the connection between people, the connection between people and money, the connection between people and things, and now the connection between people and things (scan the QR code in the Mobike mini program to ride a bike), but all "connections" are There is a premise that I trust WeChat, I trust Tencent, I trust the legal system’s regulation of the Internet, and I trust that everyone around me is using WeChat. The root cause of this trust is trust in centralization, trust in companies with good reputations, trust in institutions, and the legal system , the trust of the community.
Nowadays, the blockchain seems to be able to turn each node in the blockchain network into a "WeChat". In order to form this kind of decentralized trust, we need to define a unique identifier for the node "WeChat". Trust the digital identity. This digital identity is not only the private key for managing your own digital assets in the blockchain network, but also allows this digital identity to ultimately serve real life and implement application scenarios. Therefore, it also needs to be endowed with prerequisites. The credit label of the legal system, institutions and communities.
The future world is distributed, and each node is verifiable and trustworthy. Whether placed in the blockchain or in the real world, each node becomes a "WeChat" trusted by all of us. , and at the same time, we ourselves can also become “WeChat” trusted by others.
Attachment: The significance of digital identity for blockchain - Liu Yongxin (NEL)
1. Ship of Theseus - How to define yourself
In life, we often use Regarding identity, we often introduce ourselves to others. Sometimes we give out our business cards, and sometimes we show our ID cards. However, many people may not know what the meaning of identity is and how to define it.
There is a famous thought experiment calledTo be the "Ship of Theseus", the Ship of Theseus can sail uninterruptedly on the sea for hundreds of years. If a plank rots, a new plank will be replaced. Until one day, all the planks on the ship are not the original planks. Then Is this ship still the original Ship of Theseus?
The human body is like the ship of Theseus. Cells are always undergoing metabolism. So all the cells have been renewed. Are you still the same person? What if your thoughts and personality also change?
Therefore, how to define yourself does not seem to be a simple matter.
2. Identities in life
In life, we have many identities. For example, in a company, you have your own position. In a family, you may be a husband or a wife. Or a child, for the bank, you are its customer, for your house, you are its owner, the tenant's landlord, for your car, you are the owner.
So we found that in different scenarios, you have different identities, and different identities usually correspond to different objects. For a bank, what it cares about is whether you are its customer. It doesn’t matter what role you play in the family. For a car, as long as you have its key, you can start it. Whether you are the landlord Don't care.
3. Define identity
Based on the previous discussion, I try to define identity:
Identity is the identifier of relationship,
Relationship is Bidirectional,
A relationship represents the rights and obligations between the parties.
So you have different relationships with different objects, you have different rights and obligations, and you have different identities.
For the country, you have citizenship, which is usually represented by an ID card. Citizenship means that you have the obligation to pay taxes and that you have the right to vote in elections. To the bank, you are its customer, representing your deposits and liabilities with it. For blockchain, you master the private key, which means you own the assets controlled by the private key, and the private key is your identity.
Therefore, we should not abandon the object and explore identity. What is important is not who you are, but who you are in the eyes of others.
In the process of using identity, there are two processes: authentication and verification. For example, after a Chinese is born, he has to go to the police station to register his household registration. This is the authentication process. After that, presenting his ID card is the verification process. Registration and login of accounts on the Internet are identity authentication and verification processes. The certification and verification of asset ownership in the blockchain is achieved through a consensus algorithm, which can be simply considered to be 51% voting approval.
4. Trusted data
Satoshi Nakamoto wrote a sentence in the genesis block of Bitcoin: "The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second lout for banks", this sentence was the front page headline of The Times that day, which means "The Prime Minister saved the banks from the brink of danger for the second time."
Many people think that this sentence means It proves that The Times must have published this article that day, which reflects the existence proof capability of the blockchain.
However, the blockchain can only guarantee that the written data cannot be tampered with, but cannot guarantee that the data cannot be tampered with. The authenticity. The reason why we believe that this newspaper article must exist is because it was Satoshi Nakamoto who wrote the blockchain, and the authenticity of the data is guaranteed by Satoshi Nakamoto’s credibility.
Actual On the Internet, the authenticity of data is generated in two ways:
Decentralized method, or 51% democratic voting. For example, the authenticity of Bitcoin transaction data is actually voted by 51% computing power. When off-chain data is uploaded to the chain, the authenticity of the data can also be guaranteed through manual voting, such as the decentralized prediction platform Augur.
However, not all consensuses can pass The minority obeys the majority.
For example, whether a work of art is authentic or fake is determined by experts, but it cannot be determined by the majority. The credibility of the identification results is guaranteed by the credibility of the experts. .Whether a person is Chinese is certified by the police station when registering for residence, not by a vote of all Chinese people. Therefore, for specific scenarios, sometimes it is necessary to confirm the authenticity of the event through recognized authorities.
Usually, the native data on the chain, such as token distribution, transactions and other data, can be very convenient to reach consensus through the minority-subject-majority voting mechanism. However, when off-chain data is uploaded to the chain, The authenticity of its data needs to rely on the identity and credibility endorsement of the person on the chain, and sometimes legal means are needed to deter fraud through accountability mechanisms.
5. Trusted data on the chain
Therefore, for off-chain data to be uploaded to the chain, the authenticity of the data can be completed through a majority vote or the credibility endorsement of an authoritative identity.
The basic process of uploading trusted data to the chain should be as follows:
p>First of all, you need to have a digital identity. The authentication of this identity may be through 51% voting, or it may be through authoritative authentication.
Then when the data is uploaded to the chain, Identity information needs to be appended.
After the data user obtains the data, he or she will verify the identity information and then determine the credibility of the data based on the verification results.
6. Identity Management< /p>
When we use the InternetWhen applying, you need to register and log in. Sometimes, for convenience, we will use third-party applications to register and log in. Although this identity hosting method provides convenience, third-party applications can actually use it without our authorization. Log in to the application, perform operations and obtain personal data.
So ideally, we want to be able to balance convenience and security. We want to be able to log in to different applications through the same account and be completely controlled by ourselves.
Digital identities can be roughly divided into three categories:
Digital sovereign identities, in the form of CA certificates, EIDs and other solutions in China, must be known to meet government supervision and be compatible with national laws. Sovereign identity.
Digital network identity, that is, the login account of various APPs
Digital asset identity, that is, the address and private key of various blockchain assets
Digital identity Management applications should be compatible with these identities and be able to implement identity authentication, verification, logout, loss and retrieval, etc.
There should also be a data management platform to realize data storage and permission management.
The blockchain platform can be used as a data storage platform to store data fingerprints, reading and writing records, etc. Smart contracts can realize identity verification and avoid redundant information leakage through encryption technology. Multi-signature enables key retrieval. At the same time, the blockchain is also a registration platform for digital assets.
On this basis, a variety of application scenarios can be realized, such as: APP login, electronic contract signing, supply chain, copyright protection, and asset digitization.
When digital identity and blockchain are combined, coupled with a data management platform, the needs of the alliance chain can be realized, such as the KYC alliance between banks. The essence of the alliance chain is identity-based data mutual trust. It does not matter whether it is a separate chain.
Once blockchain assets are associated with sovereign identities, they can meet government regulatory needs, and regulatory strategies that meet regulatory needs can be added at the application layer.
Therefore, if blockchain is to be applied on a large scale in the future, it is necessary to solve the problem of digital identity. Digital identity is the bridge between the on-chain and off-chain, and the bridge between blockchain and compliance supervision.
As more and more applications and assets are built on the blockchain, big data analysis becomes possible because of the unified identity. Therefore, the combination of big data and blockchain, It’s also inseparable from digital identity.
❻ Tutorials for getting started with blockchain
However, there are very few simple and easy-to-understand introductory articles. What exactly blockchain is and what makes it special is rarely explained.
below, I will try and write a best-understood blockchain tutorial. After all, it is not difficult. The core concept is very simple and can be explained clearly in a few sentences. I hope that after reading this article, you will not only understand the blockchain, but also understand what mining is, why mining is getting more and more difficult, and other issues.
It should be noted that I am not an expert in this area. Although I have been paying attention to it for a long time, my detailed understanding of blockchain started at the beginning of this year. You are welcome to correct any errors or inaccuracies in the article.
1. The essence of blockchain
What is blockchain? In a word, it is a special distributed database.
First of all, the main function of blockchain is to store information. Any information that needs to be saved can be written to the blockchain and read from it, so it is a database.
Secondly, anyone can set up a server, join the blockchain network, and become a node. In the world of blockchain, there is no central node. Every node is equal and stores the entire database. You can write/read data to any node, because all nodes will eventually be synchronized to ensure that the blockchain is consistent.
2. The biggest features of blockchain
Distributed databases are not a new invention, and there have been such products on the market for a long time. However, blockchain has a revolutionary feature.
Blockchain has no administrator, it is completely centerless. Other databases have administrators, but blockchain does not. If one wanted to add auditing to the blockchain, it would not be possible because it is designed to prevent the emergence of a central authority.
It is precisely because it is unmanageable that blockchain can be uncontrollable. Otherwise, once big companies and large groups control the management, they will control the entire platform, and other users will have to take orders from them.
However, without the administrator, everyone can write data into it. How can we ensure that the data is trustworthy? What should I do if it is modified by bad people? Please read on, this is the wonderful thing about blockchain place.
3. Block
Blockchain is composed of blocks. Blocks are much like database records. Every time data is written, a block is created.
Each block contains two parts.
Head: records the characteristic values of the current block
Body: actual data
The block header contains multiple characteristic values of the current block.
Generation time
Hash of the actual data (i.e. block body)
Hash of the previous block
...
Here, you need to understand what a hash is , which is necessary to understand blockchain.
The so-called hashing means that the computer can calculate a characteristic value of the same length for any content. The hash length of the blockchain is 256 bits, which means that no matter what the original content is, a 256-bit binary number will be calculated in the end. And it can be guaranteed that as long as the original content is different, the corresponding hash must be different.
For example, the hash of the string 123 is(hexadecimal), converted to binary is 256 bits, and only 123 can get this hash. (Theoretically, it is possible for other strings to get this hash, but the probability is extremely low and can be approximated as impossible.)
Therefore, there are two important inferences.
Corollary 1: The hash of each block is different, and the block can be identified by the hash.
Corollary 2: If the content of the block changes, its hash will definitely change.
4. The non-modifiable nature of Hash
Blocks and hashes have a one-to-one correspondence, and the hash of each block is calculated based on the block header (Head). That is to say, the characteristic values of the block header are connected together in order to form a very long string, and then the hash is calculated on this string.
Hash = SHA256 (block header)
The above is the calculation formula of block hash. SHA256 is the hash algorithm of the blockchain. Note that this formula only contains the block header and not the block body. In other words, the hash is uniquely determined by the block header.
As mentioned before, the block header contains a lot of content, including the hash of the current block body. , and the hash of the previous block. This means that if the content of the current block body changes, or the hash of the previous block changes, it will definitely cause the hash of the current block to change.
This point has great significance for blockchain. If someone modifies a block, the hash of the block changes. In order for subsequent blocks to still be connected to it (because the next block contains the hash of the previous block), the person must modify all subsequent blocks in sequence, otherwise the modified block will be removed from the blockchain . Due to the reasons mentioned later, hash calculation is very time-consuming, and it is almost impossible to modify multiple blocks in a short period of time, unless someone controls more than 51% of the computing power of the entire network.
It is through this linkage mechanism that the blockchain ensures its own reliability. Once the data is written, it cannot be tampered with. This is just like history, what happened happened, and it can’t be changed from now on.
Each block is connected to the previous block, which is where the name blockchain comes from.
5. Mining
Since synchronization between nodes must be ensured, the adding speed of new blocks cannot be too fast. Just imagine, you have just synchronized a block and are preparing to generate the next block based on it, but at this time, another node generates a new block, and you have to give up half of the calculations and synchronize again. Because each block can only be followed by one block, you can only generate the next block after the latest block. So, you have no choice but to sync as soon as you hear the signal.
So, the inventor of the blockchain, Satoshi Nakamoto (this is a pseudonym, and his true identity is still unknown) deliberately made it difficult to add new blocks. His design is that on average, the entire network can generate a new block every 10 minutes, which is only six per hour.
This output speed is not achieved through commands, but by deliberately setting up massive calculations. That is to say, onlyThrough an extremely large amount of calculations, the effective hash of the current block can be obtained, so that the new block can be added to the blockchain. Because the amount of calculation is too large, it cannot be done quickly.
This process is called mining, because the difficulty of calculating a valid hash is like finding a grain of sand that meets the conditions among the sand in the world. The machine that calculates hashes is called a mining machine, and the person who operates the mining machine is called a miner.
6. Difficulty coefficient
After reading this, you may have a question. People say that mining is difficult, but isn’t mining just about using a computer to calculate a hash? This is the strength of computers. How could it be? It becomes very difficult, why can’t it be calculated?
It turns out that not just any hash can be used, only hashes that meet the conditions will be accepted by the blockchain. This condition is particularly harsh, causing most hashes to fail to meet the requirements and must be recalculated.
It turns out that the block header contains a difficulty coefficient (difficulty), which determines the difficulty of calculating the hash. For example, the difficulty coefficient of the 100,000th block is 14484.16236122.
The blockchain protocol stipulates that the target value (target) can be obtained by dividing the difficulty coefficient by a constant. Obviously, the greater the difficulty coefficient, the smaller the target value.
The validity of the hash is closely related to the target value. Only hashes smaller than the target value are valid, otherwise the hash is invalid and must be recalculated. Since the target value is very small, the chance that the hash is smaller than this value is extremely slim, and it may be calculated 1 billion times before it is considered a hit. This is the fundamental reason why mining is so slow.
As mentioned earlier, the hash of the current block is uniquely determined by the block header. If the hash of the same block needs to be calculated repeatedly, it means that the block header must keep changing, otherwise it is impossible to calculate different hashes. All feature values in the block header are fixed. In order to make the block header change, Satoshi Nakamoto deliberately added a random item called Nonce.
Nonce is a random value. The role of the miner is actually to guess the value of Nonce so that the hash of the block header can be smaller than the target value so that it can be written to the blockchain. Nonce is very difficult to guess. At present, we can only use trial and error one by one through exhaustive methods. According to the protocol, Nonce is a 32-bit binary value, which can reach a maximum of 2.147 billion. The Nonce value of the 100,000th block is 274148111. It can be understood that the miner started from 0 and calculated 274 million times before obtaining a valid Nonce value so that the calculated hash can meet the conditions.
If you are lucky, you may find Nonce in a while. If you are unlucky, you may have calculated it 2.147 billion times without finding the Nonce, that is, it is impossible to calculate a hash that meets the conditions for the current block body. At this time, the protocol allows miners to change the block body and start a new calculation.
7. Dynamic adjustment of difficulty coefficient
As mentioned in the previous section, mining is random and there is no way toIt is guaranteed that a block will be produced in exactly ten minutes. Sometimes it will be produced within a minute, and sometimes there may be no results for several hours. Overall, with the improvement of hardware equipment and the increase in the number of mining machines, the computing speed will definitely become faster and faster.
In order to keep the output rate constant at ten minutes, Satoshi Nakamoto also designed a dynamic adjustment mechanism for the difficulty coefficient. He stipulated that the difficulty factor should be adjusted every two weeks (2016 blocks). If the average block generation speed in these two weeks is 9 minutes, it means that it is 10% faster than the legal speed, so the next difficulty factor will be increased by 10%; if the average block generation speed is 11 minutes, it means It is 10% slower than the legal speed, so the difficulty factor of the next step must be lowered by 10%.
The difficulty coefficient is adjusted higher and higher (the target value is getting smaller and smaller), which makes mining more and more difficult.
8. Forks of the blockchain
Even if the blockchain is reliable, there is still an unresolved problem: if two people write data to the blockchain at the same time, that is to say, two people write data to the blockchain at the same time. Blocks join because they are connected to the previous block, forming a fork. Which block should be adopted at this time?
The current rule is that new nodes always adopt the longest blockchain. If there is a fork in the blockchain, it will look at which branch is behind the fork to reach 6 new blocks first (called six confirmations). Based on a block calculation of 10 minutes, it can be confirmed in one hour.
Since the generation speed of new blocks is determined by computing power, this rule means that the branch with the most computing power is the authentic blockchain.
9. Summary
Blockchain, as an unmanaged distributed database, has been running for 8 years since 2009 without major problems. This proves it works.
However, in order to ensure the reliability of data, blockchain also has its own price. The first is efficiency. You have to wait at least ten minutes to write data to the blockchain. All nodes synchronize the data, which requires more time. The second is energy consumption. The generation of blocks requires miners to perform countless meaningless calculations. This is Very energy consuming.
Therefore, the applicable scenarios of blockchain are actually very limited.
There is no management authority that all members trust
The written data does not require real-time use
The benefits of mining can make up for its own costs
If the above conditions cannot be met, then the traditional database is Better solution.
Currently, the largest application scenario (and possibly the only application scenario) of blockchain is the cryptocurrency represented by Bitcoin.
❼ What is the concept of blockchain? Is blockchain a scam? The most complete explanation of blockchain
What is the concept of blockchain?
On October 25, 2019, the country advocated the development of blockchain. Overnight, the blockchain concept became popular.
However, many people are hearing about blockchain for the first time.
So, blockchainwhat is it then?
Let’s take a look at it from an academic perspective:
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. Blockchain is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transactions. Information, used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
In fact, blockchain is essentially a decentralized database.
Is blockchain the same as Bitcoin? Blockchain is not Bitcoin. The first application of blockchain is Bitcoin.
What are the characteristics of blockchain? Now let’s take a look at several characteristics of the blockchain:
1. Decentralization:
The most important feature of the blockchain is decentralization, and the blockchain system is different Based on a centralized database, it is not controlled by any person or entity. Through distributed storage, data is completely copied and distributed on multiple computers, and each node realizes information self-verification, transmission and management.
2. Non-tamperability:
The blockchain system also has the characteristics of non-tamperability. In the blockchain system, each node is the center and no information can be changed, not even the administrator can modify this information. The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal". Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the entire network are controlled, it is possible to forge a non-existent record. This situation is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.
3. Publicity:
In a blockchain system, all nodes in the network can easily access information. The foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to private information being encrypted, blockchain data is open to everyone. Anyone can query blockchain data and develop related applications through public interfaces, so the entire system information is highly transparent. .
4. Independence:
Because the blockchain is decentralized, it can facilitate peer-to-peer transactions, so there is no need for a third party whether in transaction or exchange of funds. of approval.
Based on consensus specifications and protocols, the entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties. All nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system without any human intervention.
Let’s assume an environment: 6 people live in dormitory 188 of the university
There is a ledger in the dormitory for Xiao Li, who is good at calculation, to keep accounts.
At the beginningWhenever he sells paper boxes or buys some public items in the dormitory, Xiao Li will record them in his account book. If Xiao Li wanted to enrich himself and made false accounts, there would be less money in the account books, but no one would know.
After all, there is already a general ledger room, who would have nothing to do to keep track of the ledgers?
However, one day, because Xiao Li took more, there were obvious errors in the account book. Now, he could no longer hide it, so Xiao Li had to admit his mistake and make up the money.
So, how to solve this problem?
If blockchain is used to solve the problem:
Everyone in the dormitory takes out a ledger, and every time a transaction occurs, everyone records it in their own ledger. , such problems will not arise, because everyone is keeping accounts and can see the transaction records and final results on the ledger.
Xiao Li can’t change, you can’t change, and neither can your lower bunk. No one can change it.
This is because the previous accounting model was a centralized accounting model, and the current accounting model is a decentralized accounting model, where everyone is the center and everyone is the accountant.
If someone wants to change it, it will obviously be ineffective if they only change the data on their own account book, unless they bribe three people.
So, is blockchain a scam?
With the emergence of the great benefits of blockchain, in a short period of time, the prices of blockchain-related assets have soared, and ordinary investors are becoming more and more interested in blockchain. And criminals have also taken aim at this. There are some criminals who wear the gorgeous cloak of "blockchain" and use the blockchain to commit fraud or issue digital currencies without permission, leading many people to think that the blockchain is a scam.
But in fact, it is not. Blockchain is just a technology. If it can be used well, it will benefit the public and promote the development of the industry.
In particular, the application of blockchain is very wide and can be applied to almost everything of value to human beings.
Medical field: For example, when you go to the hospital for medical treatment, you can directly check the previous medical treatment in your own database, which greatly saves medical resources and saves medical expenses for repeated examinations.
Food traceability: Do you know where the food on your table comes from? Which logistics team is transporting it? This information can be tracked using blockchain. It can provide us with a single source of truth.
Supply chain application: For example, when we buy a product on a certain product, it leaves the factory, goes to the distributor for logistics turnover, goes to the seller's store warehouse, and then reaches the consumer's hands. During these processes, if something goes wrong, only you will know about it, and others, especially consumers, will not.
Well, that’s all the relevant knowledge about the concept of blockchain is introduced here, I hope it can be helpful to you.
❽ What is the most understandable explanation of blockchain
Blockchain has become very popular in recent years, with attention and exposure continuing to rise. Many domestic giants have opened their arms. Embrace, regard blockchain as a great disruptive innovation in the Internet era, and swarm to study how to turn blockchain into a tool for you to seize business opportunities.
So, what exactly is blockchain technology? You can recognize each Chinese character individually, but you don't know what they mean when put together. For the blockchain, which everyone thinks is extremely mysterious, now there is a most understandable explanation.
What is blockchain? Let’s first use the love story that everyone loves to talk about as a simple example.
Build a simple blockchain model, then the following situations will occur when falling in love in this blockchain model.
In the future, all the men and women of the right age will fall in love and the whole process of commitment to get married will be agreed upon by all other men and women of the right age, and all the stories that happen between two people together will form a block.
All other men and women are the chain. If a third party intervenes or you violate your partner, others can see it, and you will never find a partner in the future.
To be precise, the blockchain is a "full center" system, that is, every node on the chain is the center.
Men and women in trial marriage fall in love, show off their love on friends, promise to love each other for a lifetime and be known by all other marriageable men and women is the application of blockchain. If one day one party breaks their promise, don't think that deleting the photos will be useful, because every piece of it has been recorded by all marriageable men and women.
It cannot be deleted or changed, this is blockchain technology.
If this technology is applied to the business field, its "purifying" effect on the business environment will be imaginable, which explains why blockchain technology is so popular.
The Internet has entered the ecological era, and its applications have penetrated into many fields such as financial services, Internet of Things, supply chain management, digital asset transactions, and e-commerce. The emergence of the blockchain has transformed the development of the Internet from the information Internet to the value Internet and the order Internet. Its "distributed business" model with the sharing economy and value link as the main features will give birth to a large number of new cross-institutional innovative cooperation scenarios and build The creation of a new industrial ecosystem with blockchain technology as the virtual center will have a disruptive impact on economic and social governance, industrial transformation and innovation.
On this basis, the Caoxin, Caoshang, Caodao and Caoai projects built by Caoliu Commune based on blockchain technology are composed of founding nodes, institutional nodes, partner nodes, and first-level nodes. , second-level and below nodes, and ordinary members constitute a new Internet ecosystem, outlining an environment that is fully in line with today's nationalThe policy also allows users to have the opportunity to participate in the blockchain technology environment. Users can obtain grass coins by participating in community work. The grass coins obtained by users can be exchanged for grass letters CT, or they can be traded on the trading platform to realize the circulation of grass coins. and appreciation.
This is the first blockchain technology to be applied to the real industry ecosystem. It is also an example of financial thinking with Chinese characteristics that is deeply adapted to the commercial and financial environment based on China’s national conditions and uses blockchain technology to transform the traditional commercial and financial system. A historic innovation in decentralized reconstruction.
❾ What is blockchain? Explanation of blockchain technology
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database.
At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify its Validity of information (anti-counterfeiting) and generation of the next block.
The blockchain is a public data list, and each record in it is called a block. These blocks are connected together like a chain to form a blockchain. Just like an idiom solitaire, there must be some connection between adjacent words to form a word chain. The same is true for blockchain, but the connection between blocks is much more complex.
(9) Good articles explaining blockchain 6 Extended reading
Blockchain technology innovation does not mean speculating on virtual currencies, and that kind of use should be prevented Blockchain issues virtual currencies and speculates on air coins. At the same time, we should also note that blockchain is still in its early development stage and needs further development and improvement in terms of security, standards, supervision, etc.
The general direction is not wrong, but it is necessary to avoid rushing in and duplicating construction, and to open up the imagination space of the blockchain in orderly competition. China has a good foundation in the field of blockchain. Some large Internet companies have already laid out their plans. The talent pool is relatively sufficient and the application scenarios are rich. It is fully qualified to achieve a leading position in this new track.
From a larger perspective, human beings can develop civilization because they have achieved effective cooperation among large-scale groups of people. The "invisible hand" explained by Adam Smith also realizes the division of labor and cooperation in human society through the market mechanism.
From this perspective, blockchain has greatly expanded the breadth and depth of human trust and collaboration. Perhaps, blockchain is not only the next generation of Internet technology, but also the next generation of cooperation mechanisms and organizational forms.
