区块链fba是什么意思,区块链技术开发费用

区块链FBA是Federated Byzantine Agreement（联邦拜占庭协议）的缩写，是比特币网络中的一种分布式共识机制。它是由美国研究人员弗莱德·阿斯特拉夫（Frieder Gasteiger）提出的，是一种基于拜占庭将军问题的解决方案。

FBA的主要特点是，由于其联邦性质，它可以容忍大多数节点的失败，而不会影响整个网络的正常运行。它的工作原理是，在一个网络中，每个节点都会收到其他节点发出的消息。然后，每个节点都会根据消息的内容，确定是否应该发出自己的消息。只有当大多数节点都同意的时候，消息才会被确认。

另外，区块链技术开发费用也是一个重要的投资因素。由于区块链技术的复杂性，开发一个区块链应用程序通常需要花费较多的资金。因此，在投资区块链技术开发费用时，企业要认真考虑投资回报率。

此外，区块链安全性也是一个重要的投资因素。由于区块链技术涉及到大量的数据存储，因此其安全性尤为重要。要确保区块链系统的安全性，企业应采取可行的安全措施，如加密技术、身份认证、数据审计和安全审计等。

总之，区块链FBA是一种基于拜占庭将军问题的解决方案，可以容忍大多数节点的失败，而不会影响整个网络的正常运行。区块链技术开发费用和安全性也是投资者需要考虑的重要因素。

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1. Can the FBI crack Bitcoin?

Actual cracking is impossible. It is said that the FBI forced the server provider to provide server permissions through the hacker's relay, thus obtaining the private key. In my opinion, the lack of all seizures probably means that the money has been liquidated and is already in someone else's wallet, so I can only shamelessly deduct other people's Bitcoins.

Let me answer: Although there has been much speculation as to how the FBI obtained the private keys to the hacked Bitcoin addresses, apparently no one knows the truth.

In an interview with NBC, Elvis Chan, a San Francisco FBI employee, refused to disclose the details of obtaining the private key because the same method may be used in future operations. But at the same time, he also made it clear that this operation does not rely on "waiting for criminals to use U.S. cryptocurrency services."

This statement at least refutes the speculation that the FBI obtained hacker funds through exchanges. Most exchanges have strict KYC/AML policies, let alone US exchanges, so hackers are unlikely to directly Use US-based exchanges to launder money.

Since this operation only recovered part of the extortion funds, it basically negated the speculation that the FBI had cracked the Bitcoin encryption algorithm, because if the FBI had cracked the encryption algorithm, it would obviously be possible to recover all the funds.

Elvis Chan also mentioned that the operation benefited from the fact that "most of the Internet's infrastructure is in the United States," thus providing convenience to the FBI.

Therefore, the guess that is closest to the truth is that the blackmailer used a full-node wallet located in North America, and the full-node wallet leaked the IP of the node when broadcasting the transaction. From a security perspective, each address can only be used once. However, through blockchain browser query, it can be seen that the blackmailer used the address to transfer funds twice to send Bitcoin, resulting in IP leakage, which allowed the FBI to seize the Private key opportunity.

Li Tianzhao, CTO of Biyin, said that the hackers stored the extorted Bitcoins in a Bitcoin wallet using a US company’s cloud service, and the cloud server was located in the United States and was directly taken over by the FBI, thus leaving no private The ransom was recovered without the key.

The number of Bitcoin addresses is 2 to the 256th power. There are about 50 million addresses with a positive balance. The probability of cracking is almost zero. The probability is too low, which is equivalent to Find a specific atom among the number of atoms in the entire universe.

Bitcoins can be tracked as they are transferred between addresses, no matter how many times they are transferred, but it is not known who is transferring them to where.

But once you transfer to the exchange, you can know whose exchange account it is in, and you can even trace the withdrawal to the cash account. These are all artificial.What is controllable cannot be checked unless it is not traded online.

I have written a set of programs in python, which can extract the positive balance address from the core wallet and make it into a database, and then randomly generate a private key. The private key generates three Bitcoin addresses and the positive balance address of the database. Comparison, once the comparison is successful, you will have the Bitcoin in this address, but it has been running for half a year without success. Theoretically, it would take all the computing power in the world and run for thousands of centuries to traverse all addresses.

Another situation is that the private key is leaked. For example, if it is placed on the server, the private key must be stored offline at any time.

It is much easier to find the key than to crack it.

For example, torture, search, or searching on the server.

In short, hackers also need to use keys, right?

I got the note where you recorded the key. Does this count as cracking?

Bitcoin seems safe, but after all, it needs to be exchanged for real-world money. After all, there are still people involved.

If you really want to trace it, you can trace it in many places, and you don’t need to crack Bitcoin.

Can Bitcoin be cracked without the FBI?

There are two ways to crack Bitcoin, one is to rely on mathematicians, and the other is to rely on the inventor of Bitcoin.

The first method is whether current mathematicians have the ability to provide anti-encryption algorithms for Bitcoin encryption. If it could be provided, Bitcoin would have no security or value.

The second method is to leave a backdoor. If this is the case, this cryptocurrency may suffer a fatal blow.

2. The "Queen of Cryptocurrency" is wanted and has a reward of 5,000 euros! What crimes is she suspected of?

She is one of the top ten most wanted criminals in the world with a reward for being suspected of pyramid scheme fraud.

A female liar who is suspected of defrauding investors of billions of dollars has collected such a large amount of funds in just three years or so. On the one hand, it shows that she is a very scheming person. Deep, clever deceiver. On the other hand, it can be seen that she has a deep understanding of people's psychology and plays into their favour, which has led to so many people falling deeply into the pie she painted and being willingly deceived by her. He was deceived a lot, and then he disappeared, and his whereabouts are still unknown.

"Cryptocurrency Queen"

Cryptocurrency is a digital currency and a type of virtual currency. It is a currency that uses cryptography to ensure the security of transactions and control the transaction unit. Blockchain technology is used. The woman who calls herself the Queen of Cryptocurrencies has been using a scam called OneCoin to amass funds since 2014. As of 2017, she had defrauded US$4 billion and disappeared. After investigation, it was found that the so-called cryptocurrency was not supported by blockchain technology at all and was completely fake.

3. Was Zhao Changpeng killed?

No. Zhao Changpeng is a technology businessman with extraordinary intelligence who is mainly responsible for blockchain financial transactions. He has not violated any laws and will not be shot.

4. What problems have you encountered during the operation of the digital renminbi?

From my personal understanding, there shouldn’t be any big problems. But there is a possibility.

1. Background of the problem
In the past, banks were not connected to the Internet, so checks could be forged. During the period when the checks were transported back to the head office for "authenticity verification", they were basically in a "float" state. . You will understand what it means roughly by watching the movie Catch Me If You Can. The check was cashed without proper authentication at the counter. When the headquarters got the ticket and knew it was fake, it was already a week later. Therefore, the FBI agent played by Tom Hanks in "Cat and Mouse" has a great explanation, as follows:

"Criminals understand the system, so they are all based in the Eastern Region. Checks cashed over the counter at the bank's Western branch." Classic? Just make sure you have a float period.

2. Current Situation
Now, this type of fraud is no longer feasible. Why? Because banks are all online, it doesn't matter whether your ticket is really there. I can check your account information on the computer right away, so it doesn't matter what you bring over. This advantage is that the general ledger of the database is updated in a timely manner.

3. The blockchain does not update the general ledger in a timely manner
At this time, the topic returns to the digital renminbi. This is a breakthrough in blockchain technology. It does not require "reconciliation with the general ledger". It is the so-called "dual offline" function. So you will encounter the problem of possible scammers. For example:

Take the fake digital renminbi and go to the bank to check that there is no information. However, this may also be caused by the general ledger not being updated in the previous transactions. At this time, how to judge the authenticity?

4. Inference
The response strategy must have been well thought out, but we ordinary people don’t know it. The underlying algorithm of this technology should be kept confidential and will not be as simple as a few gold threads or a few watermarks on a check.

5. Does the fact that the United States can intercept Bitcoin mean that there is really a backdoor in U.S. communications?

All transactions in and out of Bitcoin on its blockchain are public. When the address receives Bitcoin, it can be clearly traced if it is transferred out (its essence is such that anyone can see it, no backdoor is needed). But to transfer the Bitcoins from a certain address, you must have the corresponding key, and the FBI has no other choice.

The FBI has not disclosed any more information about this incident, but it is definitely not a backdoor or a breach of Bitcoin. It is more likely that a relevant address was obtained by some means. key.

The so-called anonymity of Bitcoin means that as long as you have the corresponding key, you will own the coins in the corresponding address, and no one will know who you are. But if you want to exchange it for cash, you have to enter the real world, and agencies like the FBI can easily find you (this is why many domestic bank cards involved in virtual currency transactions have been frozen recently).

Part of the reason why Bitcoin is used for money laundering is that there is no international supervision. Once you have capabilities similar to the FBI, there is actually no way to launder money (unless you buy coins face-to-face with cash).

Today's privacy coins, such as (BEAM, etc.), are really untraceable. They have no address and the amount cannot be seen. Only by holding the key can the amount be known. But you can’t show off your wealth with this coin. You can get whatever you say, and no one will believe you.

A Twitter user revealed that the wallet password was stored on a server, and the server was intercepted by the FBI, thereby obtaining the password. Thus taking out the Bitcoins from the wallet.

Rather than cracking the secret key.

The two must be clearly distinguished.

[Laughing and crying] Originally, the world's finance and the world's Internet are controlled by the US imperialism, and any discussion is useless.

Do I need to explain this? The United States has been monitoring the world through backdoors, especially the Windows operating system we use.

There are only two possibilities in terms of Bitcoin operation. One was to crack the hacker's computer and get the private key. The other is that hackers cannot bear the pressure to reveal their private keys and passwords. Otherwise there is no collection.

The number of Bitcoin addresses is 2 to the power of 256. There are about 50 million addresses with a positive remainder. The probability of cracking is almost zero. The probability is too low, which is equivalent to the number of atoms in the entire universe. Find a specific atom.

Bitcoin transfers between addresses can be tracked, no matter how many times they are transferred, but it is not known who is transferring them to where.

But once you transfer to the exchange, you can know whose exchange account it is in. Withdrawals can also be traced to which cash account the withdrawals are made to. These are all human-controllable, unless you do not trade online. , otherwise it cannot be checked.

I have written a program in python, which can extract the positive balance address from the core wallet and make it into a database, and then randomly generate a private key. The private key generates three types of Bitcoin addresses and the positive balance address of the database. Make a comparison. Once the comparison is successful, you will have the Bitcoin in this address, but it has been running for half a year without success. Theoretically, it would take all the computing power in the world and run for thousands of centuries to traverse all addresses.

Another situation is that the private key is leaked. For example, if it is placed on the server, the private key will beAll are stored offline.

I personally am not optimistic about Bitcoin, but after reading other comments, I was a little disappointed. Bitcoin is platform independent, operating system independent, and server independent, so there is no such thing as a Microsoft backdoor server in the United States. This absurd statement It is impossible for the US government to hijack Bitcoin without the owner's consent. This is determined by the Bitcoin algorithm, otherwise so many governments that have lost their private keys can legally convert this part into national revenue.

The reasons why I am not optimistic about Bitcoin are as follows

There are many advantages, which I won’t mention. There are many articles on the advantages of Amway online

There are actually many ways to crack Bitcoin. The simplest and most crude way is to control the transaction, and once it is tortured, the private key will be obtained! There must be a communication backdoor. The United States has monitored all European countries. This has been revealed for a long time.

6. The "Queen of Cryptocurrency" was involved in a case involving more than 15 billion yuan in China and was offered a reward by the FBI! How she committed the fraud

Today is July 5. According to the latest news, the Queen of Cryptocurrency has been involved in more than 15 billion yuan in cases in our country, and today she is officially wanted by the FBI with a reward. Such a famous person How exactly does the Queen of Cryptocurrency pull off her scam?

I hope Ignatova can be found soon!

7. How far is it before cryptocurrency becomes a mainstream asset?

Cryptocurrency has gone from being an obscure fad to a more mainstream form of investment and finance. A handful of cryptocurrencies dominate the market, with Bitcoin accounting for 41% of the industry’s total market capitalization. With this growth, governments around the world have become interested in regulating the industry. Some governments have also taken steps to establish their own digital currencies.

Cryptocurrency Growth

The total market capitalization of cryptocurrencies increased from approximately $19 billion in January 2017 to $2.2 trillion in January 2022. Cryptocurrencies create billionaires almost overnight.

The federal government is increasingly interested in cryptocurrencies as their influence expands.

In March, President Biden issued an executive order setting policy goals for digital asset development and directing agencies to report on policy recommendations. These goals include protecting consumers, investors, and businesses and ensuring privacy; maintaining financial stability; and guarding against illicit uses such as money laundering and ransomware.

The executive order directs the Treasury Department to report on the impact of the United States developing a digital currency issued by the Federal Reserve, which is being explored by dozens of countries around the world. Nigeria and eight countries in the Caribbean have launched their own centralYinqiao is a digital currency. The order directs the attorney general to report whether there is statutory authority to create such a currency or whether Congress would need to pass a law to provide authority.

In January, the Federal Reserve released a report on the potential benefits and challenges of the official U.S. version, but did not advocate for or against the concept. The Fed said it does not plan to issue a digital currency "without clear support from the executive branch and Congress, preferably in the form of specific authorizing legislation."

Financial institutions that conduct traditional payment transactions must maintain large electronic networks, employ people, and charge fees to anyone who uses their systems to transfer funds. Cryptocurrencies can significantly reduce costs and payment times. The Ukrainian government has collected over $100 million in cryptocurrency donations, which would have been much more difficult through traditional means. Cryptocurrency prices can fluctuate, though, which some say is a factor keeping them from being more widely used for payments.

Supporters also say cryptocurrencies can provide greater security and privacy in financial transactions. People do not have a personal identity on the ledger that records these digital transactions, they have a private key that is used when sending or receiving cryptocurrency. Blockchain technology can permanently record the sequence of transactions, and ultimately these transactions are irreversible. Some people may prefer the relative anonymity of cryptocurrency compared to sharing personal information with traditional financial institutions.

Some compare the current state of cryptocurrency to the early state of the internet, emphasizing that we have not yet seen the full scope of how it can be applied. They say it's crucial to allow the industry to innovate. Senator Pat Toomey, ranking member of the U.S. Banking Committee, recently solicited legislative proposals to clarify the rules and laws surrounding cryptocurrencies to protect investors and promote innovation in the industry. He also released a draft legislative discussion that would establish a new regulatory framework for stablecoins, digital assets with a one-to-one value against reference assets such as the U.S. dollar. Senators Cynthia Lummis and Kirsten Gillibrand also plan to propose a regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies and other digital assets, including definitions, tax treatment and clarifying the legal status of digital assets as securities or commodities.

The anonymous and decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies also makes them attractive to criminals. The notorious online marketplace Silk Road used Bitcoin to facilitate the sale and transportation of illegal drugs. By the time it was shut down by the FBI in 2013, more than 100,000 illegal drug transactions had occurred on the site. The website facilitated other criminal activities, including hacking services and selling fake driver's licenses, passports and Social Security cards.

CryptocurrencyCoin is integral to the alarming growth in ransomware attacks worldwide. The average demand for ransomware in 2021 was reported to be $2.2 million, a 144% increase from 2020. According to Chainalysis, “Cryptocurrency-based crime hit an all-time high in 2021, with illicit addresses receiving $14 billion in the year, up from $7.8 billion in 2020.” However, Chainalysis also found that illicit transactions accounted for only 0.15% of total cryptocurrency trading volume.

The FBI has successfully tracked and even retrieved ransomware payments made in Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Last June, the Department of Justice announced that it had tracked and recovered 63.7 Bitcoins paid by Colonial Pipeline in response to a ransomware attack it suffered. Bitcoin was worth just over $2.3 million at the time. Contrary to popular belief, cryptocurrency trading is not completely anonymous. The ledger recording most of it is public, and transactions are not as difficult to trace as many people believe. The difficulty lies in matching funds in digital wallets with real owners. For this reason, all U.S.-based cryptocurrency exchanges must have procedures in place to identify their customers.

In July, the Senate Judiciary Committee held a hearing on preventing and responding to cyberattacks. A Justice Department witness testified about the DOJ’s Ransomware and Digital Extortion Task Force’s efforts to “disrupt, investigate and prosecute ransomware attacks.” On April 5, the U.S. Department of Justice announced the seizure of Hydra Market, the world’s largest and longest-running darknet market. According to the department, "In 2021, Hydra accounted for approximately 80% of all cryptocurrency transactions related to darknet markets, which have received approximately $5.2 billion in cryptocurrency since 2015."

Conclusion

In general, there seems to be no reason why we must not use cryptocurrency, but the scope of the cryptocurrency field is expanding. We have new things being born every day, and old rotten things are dying. But there is no voice saying that innovation is sinful!

8. The central media exposed 11 suspected MLM projects that use blockchain to issue coins

At the beginning of the new year, the voice of blessing is still in my ears. People's Daily Online, Tencent News and WeChat Authoritative content media such as Safe and True Platform released a list of projects involving pyramid schemes in 2018.

The reporter noticed that among the 78 projects involving pyramid schemes that were exposed, there were actually 11 projects that used the blockchain to carry out pyramid schemes and issue coins.

The losses caused by pyramid schemes under the guise of blockchain are farEven more than ordinary crimes, huge amounts of wealth have been transferred through invisible hands, which is the biggest bug in the blockchain era.

On November 24, 2018, Sebastian Greenwood, the once all-powerful OneCoin principal criminal who had been at large for a long time, was successfully captured by the FBI and the Thai Crime Collection Bureau. Extradited to the United States for trial.

Bastian Greenwood is the main culprit of One Coin, a global Ponzi scheme. It is reported that OneCoin will set up a "One Awards" bonus system to reward participating members. These members often participate in projects initiated by this organization, and the so-called projects will raise funds for its global foundation.

But someone soon revealed: “OneCoin used publicity and overseas activities to pretend to be very ‘high-class’, and then through high rates of return and wooing acquaintances, it actually formed a huge MLM system."

In May 2018, domestic regulatory agencies discovered that there were approximately US$7.2 million in funds related to the OneCoin Ponzi scheme.

Virtual currency scams have been around for a long time. Some MLM methods are not clever, but they are harmful to people.

From April 2, 2016 to June 22, 2016, Ms. Li, a Zhongshan woman, was introduced to a man named Xu Moubin by her neighbor Ajun (pseudonym). During this period, Xu Moubin and Ajun repeatedly promoted virtual "mark coins" to her, and used dividends and appreciation as temptations. She believed them and eventually purchased a total of about 600,000 yuan of "mark coins" in 9 times. It was not until February 2017, when the "Mark Coin" website was closed, that she discovered that she had been deceived.

Among the many MLM coin cases, the most “classic” case is the famous “Five Elements Coin” with a value of over 10 billion.

As early as 2013, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce listed Zhang Jian’s “Cloud Digital Trade Alliance” as a pyramid scheme; in October 2014, Zhang Jian was arrested; in December 2016, Zhang Jian Soon after he was released from prison, he launched the Five Elements Coin MLM project. It is reported that the Five Elements Coin project also has Zhang Jian’s profile picture, but Zhang Jian is actually just a junior high school student whose real name is Song Miqiu. In June 2017, Zhang Jian was arrested and returned to China from Indonesia. This absurd farce ended and the legendary Zhang Jian finally fell from the altar.

According to the reporter’s understanding, among the 11 MLM coin projects this time, there is also the plot of “Real and Fake Monkey King”. The MLM organization used Stellar Lumens, which ranks sixth in the world’s market capitalization, to issue its own “ Stellar Lumens", investors fell into the trap if they were not careful.

Tell me another story about Dogecoin.

In 2017, Dogecoin was listed by CCTV as one of the 350 MLM organizations. However, under the control of desire, it cannot stop the strong rise of Dogecoin.

Dogecoin, a cute emoticon dog head, is called Dogecoin in English and code-named DOGE. It was born in December 2013. Co-founder Jackson Palmer said that he did it as a joke at first, just to mock Bitcoin. Later, with the help of reddit (an American social news site), within two weeks, the Dogecoin project website immediately became popular.

It can be said that the birth of Dogecoin has a lot to do with American Internet culture. On the American Tieba reddit, the doge emoticon is as popular as the three domestic emoticon giants, which means it is equivalent to the domestic tycoon.

The founder said that Dogecoin is not like Bitcoin. People do not participate in it for speculation, but to express emotions of sharing and concern. This also means that at the beginning, the spread of dogecoin relied on sharing between people.

Messari’s OnChainFX data shows that Dogecoin had more average daily active addresses in December 2018 than in December 2017, making Dogecoin the third most active address after Bitcoin and Ethereum. Cryptocurrency with the most active addresses.

Currently, Dogecoin is second only to Bitcoin and Ethereum in terms of daily active addresses, reaching 72,955 in a day. Bitcoin currently has 536,738 valid addresses, Ethereum has 235,004, and Tron has only 21,255. The popularity of Dogecoin is evident.

According to real-time data from the cryptocurrency tracking website Coinmarketcap, the price of Dogecoin today is hovering around $0.0023, and its market value has dropped to $268 million from the highest of $1.7 billion on January 9, 2018. . Like most other currencies, it fell by more than 80% in one year.

However, Dogecoin’s market value still ranks 24th in the global market value rankings. Compared with more than 2,000 cryptocurrencies, it still looks down upon all living beings.

Today, Bitcoin has been rectified under the light of blockchain, and few people have mentioned its ancient past that was single-handedly promoted by the dark web. But it is undeniable that there are still a large number of MLM coins that use the name of blockchain to conduct pyramid schemes.

While the blockchain carries the technical ideals of geeks, it is also being benefited by those who are interested.

At present, in the early stages of the development of blockchain technology, a strange circle has gradually formed in which idealists and deceivers coexist, and speculators drive out pragmatists. As the cold winter in the currency circle comes, projects collapse one after another, and bad coins drive out good coins.

There is a joke once toldOnce upon a time, a blockchain person was chatting with an MLM person, and the MLM person was shocked: "What you are doing is illegal."

In fact, MLM people are thinking about one problem all the time. That's how to make it legal. Can I cheat openly and openly after obtaining a direct selling license? It turns out it can't.

After the Tianjin Quanjian incident broke out, on January 1 this year, Quanjian Natural Medicine Technology Development Co., Ltd. was put on file for investigation on suspicion of organizing and leading pyramid schemes and false advertising. Then, as everyone was eagerly waiting, news came out on January 7 that 18 suspects including Quanjian’s boss Shu Yuhui had been detained.

The great transfer of social wealth is often accompanied by technological revolution, which is more dependent on material attributes than virtual attributes.

It is understandable that capital will use any means to pursue interests. Because this is the property of capital. At the same time, technology has no values. Whoever masters the technology will benefit from it.

In the past, MLM organizations tried to achieve freedom of wealth by pulling people’s heads without mastering capital or technology. Nowadays, MLM organizations have found a new way to "get rich" and effectively avoid legal supervision, which is to issue MLM coins under the guise of blockchain.

Seeing is worth hearing a hundred times. 24/7 digital currency transactions throughout the year, unknown currencies that multiply a thousand times a day, and the myth of wealth creation with one coin per villa. While blockchain is on fire, digital currencies are also on fire.

"Blockchain is not a bubble, Bitcoin is." Jack Ma has promoted his views in public more than once. Unfortunately, in the eyes of most investors, blockchain is digital currency, and digital currency is blockchain.

The reporter learned that some MLM projects that use blockchain to issue coins will move outside the government's strong support for the blockchain industry, but avoid talking about relevant digital currency supervision.

“Many MLM coins only borrow the name of blockchain and do not use any blockchain technology. They are still different from the famous air coins in the currency circle. At least they are actually using it. Blockchain technology." said one investor.

"It's tragic enough that talent is not enough to support ambition. What's even worse is that the whole body is full of ambition, but the IQ is squeezed into hell." The family members were fascinated by the "stellar currency" and lost all their money. At that time, a netizen’s message was thought-provoking.

The Asia-European currency fraud involved 4 billion yuan, and more than 70,000 people were deceived; the GCB glory currency involved hundreds of millions of yuan, and it has hundreds of thousands of registered members; the EGD network gold involved 10.9 billion yuan, and the registered members As many as 500,000 people; Wanfu Coin involved a case amount of 2 billion yuan, with 130,000 registered members; Darkcoin involved a case amount of 1.5 billion yuan, with more than 30,000 registered members;The amount involved in OneCoin is 600 million yuan, with 1.8 million registered members; the amount involved in Laihui Coin is 500 million yuan, with 200,000 registered members...

According to the reporter’s understanding, there are currently MLM coins on the market Far more than the number of lists exposed this time.

Comparing the overall MLM cases in my country, the China Judgment Document Network shows that from 2002 to 2018, the total number of MLM cases in my country was 14,658, including 1,869 in 2014, 1,417 in 2015, and 1,417 in 2016. There were 3,085 cases in 2017, 3,313 cases in 2017, and 3,612 cases in 2018. The overall growth trend is much smaller than that of virtual currency pyramid schemes.

Based on the 166 cases of virtual currency pyramid schemes in 2018, in just a few years, virtual currency pyramid schemes have accounted for 5% of my country’s overall pyramid schemes (166/3612). This does not include the numerous ICO (Initial Coin Offering) MLM projects that are registered overseas and cannot be dismissed domestically for the time being.

The essence of MLM coins is actually not much different from traditional MLM. The methods of attracting people, developing offline, and issuing physical objects as collateral are already bad. But in the face of such familiar routines, investment Still unable to resist.

Under poverty and economic weakness, greed and hunger that have nowhere to go have become the biggest breeding ground for MLM coins. What about MLM coins? In front of desire, there is no need for IQ.

In this market, faced with endless temptations, most people are unable to distinguish whether this is an investment with huge profits or a scam that loses all their money. Under the temptation of greed, MLM has jumped on the blockchain train.

But please remember: pyramid schemes have been like tigers and wolves since ancient times, and a dream will eventually turn into a nightmare.

9. Super detailed compilation of blockchain and cryptocurrency industry terms (recommended collection)

Bitcoin Glossary: ​​Every blockchain and cryptocurrency phrase you need to know< /p>

Despite the difficulties, blockchain technology has become mainstream. Bitcoin has become a household word, with financial institutions around the world investing in the cryptocurrency or allowing their clients to do so. At the same time, NFT has attracted the participation and appreciation of celebrities from all walks of life.

But despite this, blockchain technology remains very mysterious. Only talented engineers - many of whom were early adopters of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum - can truly understand this, while it can still be difficult for laypeople.

Below is a glossary of blockchain terms you may find useful. (All phrases in alphabetical order)

Airdrop

An airdrop is when a company drops a cryptocurrency or NFT directly into your wallet. Blockchain services will be launchedcoins and airdropped to users who have used the service, rather than an IPO. There are several reasons for this: it could be pure marketing, as the airdrop raises awareness of the tokens people can invest in, or it could provide governance tokens for the DAO.

A recent example: the Ethereum Name Service allows users to change their wallet number to a wallet name (such as CNET.eth). Last December, it launched its own ENS token, airdropping a certain amount to everyone who uses the service. The more people use the Ethereum name service, the more tokens they get airdropped — worth tens of thousands of dollars in some cases.

Altcoin

Any cryptocurrency that is not Bitcoin or Ethereum is called an Altcoin. Sometimes called "shitcoins."

Binance

The world's largest cryptocurrency exchange, where people buy and trade cryptocurrencies. It is under investigation by the U.S. Department of Justice and the Internal Revenue Service for tax evasion and money laundering.

Blockchain

Blockchain is a "distributed database". Simply put, it is a decentralized ledger that records information in digital “blocks.” Once a block is mined and added to the chain, it cannot be changed, so the blockchain provides a public record of unchangeable data.

There are many different blockchains with varying degrees of decentralization, efficiency, and security. Many people have their own cryptocurrencies - for example, Ethereum is a cryptocurrency built on the Ethereum blockchain.

Bitcoin

Bitcoin is the first cryptocurrency, built on the Bitcoin blockchain. It was created in 2009 by a person or group of people under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. Only 21 million pieces can be minted, of which approximately 18.9 million are already in circulation.

Burning

Cryptocurrency is "burned" by sending to a wallet that can only receive but not send. Burning mechanisms are often used to create a deflationary effect: the fewer tokens in circulation, the scarcer the tokens held by investors.

Buy the dip

This refers to buying more of an asset after its price has fallen. For example, if the price drops by $10,000, a Bitcoin holder might “buy the dip.”

Cold Wallet

A cryptocurrency wallet that is not connected to the Internet. These wallets are safer and less susceptible to scams.

Cross-chain

The ability to send data, tokens or assets from one blockchain to another. This is different from “multi-chain” services that are built to work on multiple blockchains.

Cryptography

A form of information encryption in which data can only be decrypted using a key. Blockchains using a proof-of-work protocol rely on solving extremely complex cryptographic puzzles in order to mine and verify new blocks.

Cryptocurrency

Cryptocurrency is a token native to the blockchain. Cryptocurrencies are typically minted with each new block mined. For example, every time a new Ethereum block is mined, two Ether coins will be obtained as compensation for the miners.

A cryptocurrency is a token. Their birth is their defining factor: other tokens are created using platforms and applications built on top of the blockchain, while cryptocurrencies are built into the blockchain’s protocol.

Decentralized Applications (Dapps)

Abbreviation for Decentralized Applications.

Dao (DAO)

A decentralized autonomous organization. The DAO is an organization that makes decisions through consensus: all holders of governance tokens receive voting rights in organizational decisions, and the solution with the most votes is the DAO's action plan. Imagine a decentralized investment bank, but instead of fund managers making investment decisions, holders of their governance tokens vote on how to invest the funds in their treasury.

Decentralized exchange

Decentralized exchanges are used to buy and trade cryptocurrencies. Unlike typical exchanges, these exchanges use peer-to-peer trading that bypasses any centralized authority. These include Uniswap and Sushiswap.

Decentralized Finance (DeFi)

Abbreviation of "decentralized finance". DeFi is any financial instrument that uses blockchain technology to bypass centralized institutions, such as smart contracts or DAOs.

Diamond Hands

A diamond hand is a person who holds financial assets for the long term or during periods of price volatility.

DYOR

Abbreviation for "Do Your Own Research".

Ethereum (ETH)

A cryptocurrency mined on the Ethereum blockchain. Ethereum has a market capitalization second only to Bitcoin, but is a more commonly used cryptocurrency. Most altcoins are also built on Ethereum and are therefore pegged to Ethereum. Most NFTs are also built on Ethereum, which is why Ether is the primary token used in NFT transactions.

Ethereum

A blockchain that competes with Bitcoin. It aims to take the blockchain technology pioneered by Bitcoin developers and use it for more complex financial instruments such as smart contracts.

Flash loan

Flash loan is a DeFi tool that allows loans to be made without collateral. Flash loans allow you to borrow money to buy an asset, but only if you can buy the asset and repay the interest within the same block. Imagine using a loan to purchase a $1 million house, but the loan will only be approved if you have lined up another buyer who is willing to pay enough for you to repay the loan plus interest.

These loans use smart contract technology.

FUD

Abbreviation for "fear, uncertainty and doubt". This could be legitimate, such as people expressing concerns about the safety or legality or security of a token or NFT project, such as an organized move to encourage people to sell, lowering the price of an asset.

Gas

Gas is the price you pay to use the Ethereum network. Each transaction requires a gas fee, which depends on how overloaded the blockchain is. Prices typically range from $50 to $500 per transaction, but prices can spike when the network is under heavy load.

Governance token

Governance tokens are cryptocurrencies that give their owners voting rights on a given project. See also: DAO.

GWEI

The cost of gas is expressed in GWEI. As a rough guide, when gwei is below 50, gas will be cheap, and when gwei is above 100, gas will be expensive.

HODL

An intentional misspelling of "hold" used to encourage people to hold their coins during price drops.

Layer 1 and Layer 2

If you dabble in cryptocurrency, you will have heard about Layer 1 and Layer 2 solutions. Layer 1 is the blockchain architecture itself, while Layer 2 refers to the architecture built on top of the blockchain.

For example, take the high gas cost problem of Ethereum as an example. Layer 1 solutions are to make the Ethereum blockchain more efficient, for example by adopting a proof-of-stake protocol. An example of a Layer 2 solution is Immutible X, an exchange built on Ethereum that uses smart contract technology to allow gas-free, carbon-neutral trading.

Liquid Market

A liquid market is a market with a large number of buyers and sellers, which allows buy and sell orders to be completed almost immediately. Cryptocurrency markets are liquid, NFT markets are not. Most legal cryptocurrencies can be bought and sold at any time, as NFT traders are required to list items for sale in the hope that buyers will purchase them manually.

Mainnet

A blockchain protocol for public use will be put into the mainnet. This distinguishes it from a testnet, which is more like a beta release of a blockchain protocol.

Memecoins

Many cryptocurrencies are designed to provide utility or services. Memecoins offer no practical prospects and exist purely as speculative assets. Dogecoin is the most well-known, but there are many, many more.

MetaMask

A browser-based online digital wallet, mainly used on the Ethereum blockchain transaction.

Mining

Mining is the process of verifying transactions and adding blocks to the blockchain. This usually involves powerful computers solving complex password problems. Crucially, this is also where new cryptocurrencies are added toway in circulation.

Mining Rig

A powerful computer set up for the specific purpose of mining cryptocurrency.

Mining Farm

A warehouse (or room) of mining equipment that operates around the clock and is used to mine cryptocurrency.

Mint

On the blockchain, minting means verifying information and making it a block on the blockchain.

To "mint" an NFT means to purchase it from its creator during a public sale. The "mint price" is the price at which its creator sells it - for example the "mint price" of Bored Ape Yacht Club is 0.08 Ether. After all NFTs in a collection have been minted, traders who want exposure to the collection need to purchase them from a secondary market like OpenSea.

Multi-chain

Applications or services designed to work with multiple blockchains. This is different from cross-chain applications and services, which are designed to send data or assets from one blockchain to another.

MOON

A sharp surge in price is called "mooning" or "a moon". "To the moon" is a common phrase.

NFT

Non-fungible token. These are digital contracts that prove ownership of digital assets. Currently, they are associated with art, but NFTs can prove ownership of any number.

Off-Chain/On-chain

On-chain refers to things that exist on the blockchain, and off-chain refers to things that exist on the blockchain something other than something. Cryptocurrencies are on-chain currencies, and fiat currencies are off-chain currencies.

OpenSea

It is the largest NFT marketplace, specializing in Ethereum-based NFTs. (NFTs built on different blockchains are often sold on specialized marketplaces. For example, Solana NFTs are sold on Solanat.)

Play to Earn (P2E)

Play to Earn (P2E) game integrates zoneblockchain and rewards players with in-game cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrencies in these games can be exchanged for Bitcoin or Ethereum. The most prominent example is Axie Infinity, where players can earn Smooth Love Potion ($SLP).

Proof of Work

Proof of Work (POW) is a consensus mechanism by which blocks are added to the blockchain. Proof-of-work requires miners to solve complex cryptographic puzzles, which require large amounts of energy from powerful mining equipment, in order to verify new blockchain transactions.

Proof-of-work is a secure and decentralized consensus mechanism, but it is notoriously inefficient. This is how the Bitcoin and Ethereum blockchains work, although Ethereum will soon move to a more efficient Proof of Stake.

Proof of Stake

Faced with the huge energy demand of proof of work, Proof of Stake (POS) is a newer consensus mechanism that can mine areas more effectively. piece. Proof of Stake allows cryptocurrency holders to validate new blocks on the relevant blockchain.

They do this by staking their cryptocurrency. Network users stake their cryptocurrency, and if their stake is selected via a random algorithm, they have the opportunity to validate a new block – for which they are rewarded in the form of more cryptocurrency. The more cryptocurrencies are staked, the greater the chance that users will be selected to validate new blocks.

Proof-of-work rewards those who expend the most computing power to solve cryptographic puzzles, while proof-of-stake rewards those who have invested in the cryptocurrency for the long term.

Pump and dump

Pump and dump schemes involve artificial incentives for a product, causing people to buy it and raising its price. The pump-and-dump coordinators then sell their assets at inflated prices, causing prices to fall sharply.

These exist in traditional markets but are more common in cryptocurrency trading because the low liquidity of micro-cap cryptocurrencies makes their prices easier to manipulate.

Rug pull

A rug pull is when the creator of a cryptocurrency disappears, taking the funds with them. A recent example is the counterfeit Squid Game coins, although these coins are far from rare. “Carpet” is essentially shorthand for “scam.”

Satoshi Nakamoto)

A pseudonym for the creator of Bitcoin. The white paper explaining the need for decentralized finance and explaining how Bitcoin works was signed by Satoshi Nakamoto, but no one knows who the real person was. It is speculated that Satoshi Nakamoto was actually several people.

Seed Phrase

When you create a cryptocurrency wallet, you are given a 12-word seed phrase . Every time you log into your wallet on a new device, you will need to use a mnemonic phrase. Never give your mnemonic phrase to anyone.

Sharding

Sharding distributes the network load on the blockchain, allowing more transactions to be processed per second. This sounds boring, but it's very important. Ethereum will integrate sharding next year, which will make using it cheaper and less damaging to the environment.

Shitcoin

Shitcoin is an altcoin that provides no utility, whether it is a memecoin or a void altcoin.

Silk Road

Silk Road was an online black market that was shut down by the FBI in 2013. This is where many people are first exposed to cryptocurrency, as Bitcoin is a popular payment method for illegal goods on the site.

Smart contract

A smart contract is a digital contract that executes itself when required conditions are met. For example, if Wallet X sends 0.08 ether to Wallet Y, Wallet Y sends NFT Z to Wallet X. They are most commonly used for automated trading, but can also be used for more complex purposes, such as quick loans.

Stable coin

Stablecoin is a cryptocurrency pegged to the US dollar. These include Tether and USDC. Their purpose is to allow cryptocurrency traders to keep their coins within the crypto ecosystem without experiencing the volatility of Bitcoin and Ethereum price fluctuations.

Staking

Equity staking is to lock the funds held in the cryptocurrency wallet to support the operation of the blockchain network. Essentially, it involves locking up cryptocurrency to earn rewards. in most casesNext, the process requires users to use a personal encryption wallet to participate in blockchain activities.

The concept of equity staking is closely related to the Proof of Stake (PoS) mechanism. It is used in many other blockchain systems based on PoS or similar.

TLT

Abbreviation for "think long term".

Token

Tokens are various forms of blockchain assets. A cryptocurrency like Bitcoin is a type of token. Other types include governance tokens , which grant holders voting rights in a DAO or service, or utility tokens , which grant access to services based on the number of tokens held.

TXN

Abbreviation for transaction.

Utility Token

A token designed to provide a certain function. These can be access to applications, services or games. Examples include Filecoin, which grants access to blockchain-based digital storage, and Link, which connects smart contracts for off-chain type data.

Vanity Address

Personalized wallet addresses provided by companies such as Ethereum Name Service. It allows you to change your wallet address to a word or phrase of your choice, such as CNET.eth.

Vaporware

Products that were promised but never actually made it to market. The term became popular in the late 1990s with the original dot-com boom and has seen a revival thanks to shady cryptocurrency creators.

Vitalik Buterin

The creator behind the Ethereum blockchain.

Wallet

A cryptocurrency wallet is a place where you can store cryptocurrencies and NFTs. These wallets can be hot or cold wallets – i.e. browser wallets connected to the internet or physical hardware not connected to the internet. Wallets are read-write, which means they can receive information as well as signatures or online IDs.

Web 3

Web3 is the next iteration of the Internet imagined by blockchain enthusiasts. From the invention of the Internet until around 2005, Web1 was the read-only Internet. Web2 refers to the emergence of users being able to produce content and upload it to the Internet. Web3 will be an Internet integrated with blockchain. Imagine owning your social media posts as NFTs, using a cryptocurrency like Ethereum as a universal currency, and having your wallet as a form of ID rather than an email/password combination.

Whale

A person who holds a large amount of cryptocurrency.

Whitelist

Pre-sale list of cryptocurrencies and NFTs. Whitelisted investors can purchase assets ahead of a public offering, sometimes at a discount.

WAGMI

Abbreviation for "we're all going to make it".

10. Among the top ten Bitcoin holders, the FBI holds approximately 174,000 Bitcoins, ranking 9th

Whose life is not a piece of cake, but they are all working hard to live. While you are experiencing all kinds of pressures in life, there will be people in other corners of the world who are experiencing what you are experiencing

Bitcoin It is a source of controversy all the time. The news that "the U.S. Department of Justice intercepted 63.7 Bitcoins extorted by hackers" has once again pushed Bitcoin to the forefront.

As soon as this news came out, the currency circle exploded. Many netizens questioned whether Bitcoin technology was safe and whether the Bitcoin wallet had been cracked by the US FBI. However, the United States immediately came out to refute the rumors. Foreign media reported that some experts said that the reason why the FBI was able to successfully recover part of the ransom was not due to loopholes in the security of digital currency, but due to the sloppiness of the hacker organization.

The United States is the birthplace of Bitcoin. The United States has always allowed virtual currencies to exist in a unique situation. In addition to the fact that American finance is separated from entities, currently, the Federal Reserve does not have extra energy and strength. To deal with the false fire of virtual currency. There is also an interesting phenomenon. When the price of Bitcoin began to plummet, the US dollar began to strengthen. Global capital is once again rethinking the legality and value of virtual assets. In other words, speculators are busy converting virtual assets into US dollars.

According to foreign media disclosures, as early as 1997, the Office of Information Security Research and Technology of the National Security Agency of the United States issued a guide titled "Coin Minting Guide—Encryption Technology for Anonymous Electronic Cash." In other words, as early as 20 years before the birth of Bitcoin, the US Security Agency mastered all the key technologies of Bitcoin, including technical architecture and encryption methods! This article also details the Bitcoin communication protocol and digital signatures.Name verification technology, currency anti-counterfeiting technology, transaction anonymity and anti-tracking technology, etc. Although Bitcoin later emerged to add mining and peer-to-peer blockchain transaction authentication systems, the National Security Agency has apparently been studying virtual currency technology for a long time.

Some experts have concluded that "Satoshi Nakamoto" may have been born in the United States, and may even be the code name of a mysterious team of the National Security Agency. Among the top ten holders of Bitcoin, the FBI is prominently listed. The FBI holds approximately 174,000 Bitcoins, ranking 9th.

Such a large amount of information makes people wonder whether the United States is the driving force behind Bitcoin.

Your today depends on your decision yesterday

Your tomorrow depends on your decision today

Finally, I would like to give you a word: Choice is greater than effort. Thoughts determine the way out, concepts determine destiny, and dreams illuminate life.

The above content only represents personal opinions and does not constitute any investment advice. Readers are asked to treat it rationally.

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