凸显出区块链的题目

近几年，随着数字货币的大火，区块链技术也开始被越来越多的人所关注。它不仅仅是一种金融技术，更是一种技术革命，它可以解决传统技术无法解决的问题。今天，我们就来探讨一下区块链技术的三大关键词：去中心化、可信计算和智能合约。

去中心化是区块链技术最重要的特性之一。去中心化意味着没有中央机构控制网络，每一个节点都是平等的，任何节点都可以参与网络的运行。这样的网络可以保证数据的安全性，因为没有中央机构，就不会有数据泄露的风险。此外，去中心化的网络还可以提高效率，因为所有节点都可以参与网络的运行，所以网络的处理能力会大大提高。

可信计算是区块链技术的另一个重要特性。可信计算的核心思想是通过对网络中的数据进行加密，使得数据在传输的过程中不会被篡改。这样就可以确保数据的完整性，从而保证网络的安全性。此外，可信计算还可以提高网络的可靠性，因为数据在传输过程中不会被篡改，所以网络的处理能力会大大提高。

智能合约是区块链技术的另一个重要特性。智能合约是一种分布式自动执行的程序，它可以自动完成交易，而无需人工介入。智能合约可以大大提高效率，因为它可以自动完成交易，而无需人工介入，所以可以大大节约时间和成本。此外，智能合约还可以保证交易的安全性，因为它可以自动完成交易，所以可以有效防止欺诈行为。

以上就是区块链技术的三大关键词：去中心化、可信计算和智能合约。它们可以提高网络的安全性和可靠性，也可以大大提高效率，从而改变我们的生活。

请查看相关英文文档

⑴ A simple and easy-to-understand introduction to what is a blockchain

Blockchain is a combination of data blocks that are connected sequentially in chronological order. Chained data structure, and cryptographically guaranteed distributed ledger that cannot be tampered with or forged. Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses automated scripts to A new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm that uses smart contracts composed of code to program and manipulate data.
The underlying technologies of digital cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum, and Ethereum are all blockchains, and they are just an application of blockchain.

⑵ What are the protection mechanisms of the blockchain ledger under the blockchain computing mode?

Consensus confirmation. What are the test questions of the blockchain included in the protection mechanism of the blockchain account book under the blockchain computing mode, and the answer is to confirm the consensus. A block chain is a chain composed of blocks one after another. Each block stores a certain amount of information, which is connected into a chain in the order in which they were generated.

⑶ What impact will the rise of blockchain have on the future of finance

On August 6, 2018, Mr. Cai Yi, financial industry consultant to Huawei and founder and CEO of Huaxuan Technology Made a special sharing at DAGA | Blockchain & AI (Core Group), with the theme: Current Situation and Prospects of Blockchain Finance. The following text is organized based on the audio of the lecture and has been reviewed by the author.

Cai Yi: Financial industry consultant of Huawei, founder and CEO of Huaxuan Technology, founder of the shared reading club, member of the Chinese Writers Association, has been engaged in financial technology research for more than ten years, and is a senior expert in the digital transformation of banks .

Good evening everyone, I am very happy and honored to be able to share some thoughts with you here.

Let me introduce myself briefly: My name is Cai Yi. I was a writer in my youth. I wrote some books, magazines and novels in the 1990s. There was no Internet at that time. Since then, I have been engaged in informatization work in the financial industry. From financial channels to data centers, from outlets to technology, I have witnessed the development of financial technology and discovered some problems. He has been an investment partner since 2014, and has also worked as a financial industry consultant for Huawei in recent years. From a cognitive perspective, he serves as a consultant for talent development in the digital transformation of the financial industry.

I came into contact with blockchain in 2015, when I founded Huaxuan Technology and Shared Reading Club. At present, we mainly focus on the understanding of blockchain and the implementation of financial technology solutions. At the cognitive level, book clubs are used for interactive sharing and knowledge management. At the technical level, blockchain, big data, AI and other technologies are combined to reshape the processes and scenarios of the financial industry, starting from a local perspective. My relationship with blockchain stems from my own interest in blockchain, which I often study and discuss with some friends. Of course there isThese views are still relatively superficial, and I hope everyone can share more criticism and corrections.

Elite think tanks in the United States once believed that the core of maintaining global leadership is technology, technology must rely on the economy, and the core of the economy is finance. So, what is the future of finance?

Today’s topic is: The current situation and prospects of blockchain finance. I would like to introduce it mainly from three aspects:

A brief introduction to finance and the financial system;

The current situation of blockchain finance;

The outlook for blockchain finance .

1. Finance and financial system

1 The concept of finance

First of all, let’s talk about the concept of finance. The word “finance” originated from the Meiji Restoration (1868 Japan after 1897, this is somewhat related to the gold standard established by Japan in 1897. It was introduced to China from Japan in the early 20th century and was first proposed by Finance Minister Liang Qichao in 1902. At that time, Zhang Zhidong raised objections. Therefore, China has remained on the silver standard after the Sino-Japanese War of 1884-1899, but this also allowed China to avoid the 1929 decade of the Great Depression.

The original meaning of finance is "money financing", which refers to the circulation of funds in society. Later, its meaning was expanded to indicate transactions and economic activities related to currency and credit. There is actually another reason why it is translated as "finance": gold was once the only medium in international trade, and value and wealth were based on gold as the basis and standard. Therefore, when people make standard gold bars, they need to melt the gold into shape. This may be the original meaning of the word "finance", which is to melt the metal.

Finance is the general term for currency circulation and credit activities and the economic activities associated with them

Let’s take a look at our later definition of finance: Finance is the currency circulation and credit activities and the economic activities related to them. A general term for the economic activities related to it. Finance in the broad sense refers to all economic activities related to the issuance, custody, exchange, settlement and financing of credit currency, even including the purchase and sale of gold and silver. Finance in the narrow sense refers specifically to the financing of credit currency.

To put it simply, the content of finance can be summarized as the issuance and withdrawal of currency, the absorption and payment of deposits, the issuance and recovery of loans, the purchase and sale of gold, silver and foreign exchange, the issuance and transfer of securities, Insurance, trust, domestic and international currency settlement, etc. To put it more bluntly, finance feeds back in both directions. The institutions engaged in financial activities mainly include banks, insurance, securities, trusts, financial leasing, etc. We all know this quite well and have frequent contact with it. Therefore, after understanding the meaning and institutions of finance, you also need to understand China’s financial system.

2 China’s financial system

The development stage of my country’s financial system can be roughly divided into five stages:

Initial formation stage, the first five years ( 1948-1953): The People's Bank of China was established (1948). The People's Bank of China at that time was far from what we imagine now. But it marked the beginning of the new Chinese financial institution system.

The "grand unification" system of central bank unified revenue and expenditure, the second five years (1953-1978): The People's Bank of China is the only financial institution in the country that handles various banking businesses, integrating the central bank and ordinary banks. In fact, the great unification is that we copy the foreign model. I will not talk about the specific countries.

Initial reforms and breakthroughs in the "unified" financial institution system, the third five years (1979 to August 1983): Bank of China (established in 1912), Agricultural Bank of China (established in 1951) , China Construction Bank (established in 1954) have been restored or established one after another, but the People's Bank of China still integrates currency issuance and credit. We have seen that China’s financial industry has developed very rapidly after reform and opening up.

The diversified financial institution system began to take shape. In ten years (September 1983 to 1993): it formed with the People's Bank of China as the core and four major majors in industry, agriculture, China and construction. A system of financial institutions with banks as the main body and various other financial institutions coexisting and cooperating with each other. After 1987, Bank of Communications, China Merchants Bank, Shenzhen Development Bank, CITIC and Hengfeng emerged one after another. In 1988, Ping An, Guangfa and Xingye emerged. In 1992, Everbright, Huaxia and Pudong Development Bank emerged and the China Securities Regulatory Commission was established in the same year.

The stage of building and improving the social market financial institution system (1994 to present): It has formed a system led by "one bank and three committees", with large, medium and small commercial banks as the main body, and a variety of non-bank financial institutions. A relatively complete financial institution system as an auxiliary wing. In 1994, three major policy banks (China Development Bank, Export-Import Bank of China, and Agricultural Development Bank of China) were established. In 1995, Minsheng Bank, the first private commercial bank, was established (this is of great significance). In 1998, city commercial banks appeared. and established the China Insurance Regulatory Commission. The China Banking Regulatory Commission actually appeared relatively late, and was only established in 2003. From then on, the pattern of one bank and three conferences was formed. However, not long ago, the China Banking Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission merged to form the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission. You can pay attention to it.

From an evolutionary perspective, normative research in finance is often linear.

That is, we often use a certain evolutionary form as the standard (usually a developed market economic system, such as the Soviet Union, Germany, the United States, and even Japan, etc.) to describe the financial system from non-marketization to marketization, from financial The path to progress from inefficient allocation of resources to efficient allocation, and focusing on explaining the GAP and reasons for this standard form.

In fact, we can find from the development history of China’s financial system just now: Since 1978, China’s financial system has evolved in the direction of marketization, standardization, diversification, and internationalization. Both scale and complexity are rising rapidly and non-linearly:

Various financial institutions have shown a "networked" and "strongly related" business format, that is: today's banks and banks, banks The correlation with other financial institutions and various financial sub-markets has increased significantly, and credit connections have become increasingly tight, intertwined, and intricate.

The ecological environment of the financial industry has also seen some significant changes. On the one hand, traditional formal financial institutions seek to accelerate transformation andInnovate and strive to seize opportunities in business strategy, market positioning, management structure, business formats, products and other innovations. On the other hand, various emerging financial institutions have emerged in large numbers.

The financial industry also presents new characteristics such as real estate financialization, "banking" of non-bank institutions, and asset securitization.

The above changes are beyond the common imagination of the industry, regulators and policymakers, and will bring a series of impacts:

On the positive side, the scale and composition of the financial system have The business expansion and financial service capabilities of financial institutions have been expanded, the financial market has been developed, and innovative payments have developed rapidly. This is the case with financial technology, which we will talk about later.

To use a popular saying, there are all kinds of birds in the forest. Then, the negative aspects are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

The interactive relationship between the financial system and the real economy tends to be complicated, and the role of the financial system in spawning and amplifying asset bubbles has been underestimated.

The network and strong connections of the financial system have widened the gap between the financial industry and financial supervision, weakening the effectiveness of traditional supervision. my country's current financial regulatory system has only been in operation for more than ten years.

The paths and mechanisms through which monetary policy is transmitted through the financial system have changed (the transmission chain of monetary policy has been lengthened or deformed, and its conductivity and effectiveness have declined), and the initiative and effectiveness of regulation are facing new constraints. The current monetary policy framework has been continuously improved in response to economic and financial market developments since its establishment in 1996. However, the complexity of the financial system in recent years has posed new challenges to it. Broad money M2 has also been impacted by factors such as financial deepening and electronic payments, and has been further weakened by the shadow banking system.

Various cross-market, cross-business, and cross-border behaviors that avoid supervision make multiple risk factors intertwined, such as: capital pool operations with serious mismatches in terms of terms and products hide greater liquidity risks, product Nesting leads to risk transmission, insufficient shadow banking supervision, local debt, real estate, external shocks, etc., which all pose great challenges to the stability of the financial system.

There is no harm without comparison. my country's financial system as a whole is still relatively backward. This backwardness is mainly reflected in the lag in banking innovation: the People's Bank of China announced the cancellation of "interest spread protection" in October 2015, while the United States had completely marketized interest rates as early as April 1986, and China was nearly 30 years late.

3 The institutional framework and basic issues of China’s financial system

Of course, my country’s current financial system is based on three basic institutional frameworks:

The first is to rely on business trust existing in legal provisions, that is, policy guidance;

The second is to rely on a third party as a credit intermediary to ensure the realization of asset transfer transactions;

The third is to rely on centralized The clearing house is the center and handles the settlement and clearing of completed transactions.

Based on this, four issues have been raised:

1) The issue of integrity system and trust mechanism. Traditional finance must have strict transaction records to accumulate credit, and there is noTransaction records make it difficult to achieve financing or loans because there is no technical means to ensure the security of transactions between both parties.

2) Transaction settlement takes a long time. Traditional financial transaction times continue to speed up, but settlement times are still relatively long, especially cross-border transactions, which often cannot arrive immediately.

3) The cost of intermediary services is high. The important source of income of the traditional financial transaction system relies on collecting transaction fees or loan interest; in cross-border transactions, costs caused by exchange rate changes have to be paid.

4) Poor security. Traditional finance has many human involvement links, which means that the probability of human errors and omissions is also higher.

Faced with this series of problems, financial institutions have actually been looking for solutions. When we communicated with ICBC and China Merchants Bank two years ago, they were already exploring big data, artificial intelligence and blockchain. And its crisis awareness is very strong.

4 Financial Technology

As the positive aspects just mentioned, financial institutions have been seeking solutions to financial informatization and financial digitalization.

So, let me mention what is happening in financial technology. Whether it is FinTech proposed by JD.com or TechFin proposed by Ant Financial, I think it is essentially a better combination of technology and finance, just like what we will discuss next is how to better combine finance and blockchain.

Financial Technology 1.0 Era

At this stage, the financial industry and the technology industry exist as parallel industries. The two sides have not yet truly integrated, but technological progress has begun to promote the globalization of the financial market. change. Since World War II, the rapid development of communication technology and information technology has enabled finance to break national boundaries, and the cross-border investment of financial institutions has also greatly accelerated. The main providers of financial services in this era were banks.

Financial Technology 2.0 Era

Technology is promoting finance and strengthening the trend of globalization, making financial services more and more digital. The financial industry realizes the electronicization and automation of offices and business through the application of traditional IT software and hardware, thereby improving business efficiency. During this period, financial institutions have significantly increased the adoption of IT technology in internal operations and have successfully implemented paperless offices in many processes. Core systems, credit systems, clearing systems, etc. that are often discussed in banks and other institutions are representatives of this stage.

Financial Technology 3.0 Era

In the Internet financial stage, the main force of financial technology at this stage is entrepreneurial enterprises of non-financial institutions, relying on Internet technology and information and communication technology to provide financial services or Cooperate with financial institutions to launch financial services. The financial industry builds online business platforms and uses the Internet or mobile terminal channels to bring together massive users and information to realize the interconnection and interoperability of any combination of the asset side, transaction side, payment side, and capital side in financial business. This is essentially a change from the traditional The transformation of financial channels enables information sharing and business integration.

Financial Technology 4.0 Era

The financial industry passedNew IT technologies such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain have changed the traditional financial information collection sources, risk pricing models, investment decision-making processes, and credit intermediary roles. Therefore, they can greatly improve the efficiency of traditional finance and solve the problems of traditional finance. The representative technologies are big data credit reporting and intelligent investment advisory.

Having said this, let’s briefly summarize: Finance is the intermediary of credit, and finance provides two-way feedback. We talked about China's financial system and learned that ICBC, China Merchants Bank and Ping An were established at the same time, so we know why ICBC is more active and innovative than the other four major banks. Then we talked about the development of financial technology, which has led to better development of financial technology in information and digitalization.

Excerpts from: Article: Current Situation and Prospects of Blockchain Finance

⑷ What is blockchain, how was it born, and what are the types of blockchain

< p>If you want to understand the blockchain, you must first understand the basic structure of the program. Everything we see on the Internet is constructed through computer language. There are many kinds of computer languages, but the most basic characters that make up the language are codes, and blockchain technology is a way of applying codes, which is different from traditional centralization. The difference between the models is that the blockchain has the characteristics of immutability, privacy, security, and consensus.

There are many application scenarios for blockchain. The most successful case so far is Bitcoin, followed by electronic invoices, cross-border payments, etc. Based on the interoperability of data, it is impossible to With characteristics such as tampering, it can also be used to save some important data. As long as this data uses blockchain technology as the underlying technology, it can never be destroyed and will be saved forever. No person or institution has the ability to modify or delete it. In addition, there are certain intersections between blockchain payment and education, medical care, credit reporting, automobiles, transportation and other fields. It is a technology, not a certain product, so there is only one type of it, but with the application As the scene changes, its role is also different. It can be integrated with existing scenes in almost any field and then derive other applications.

⑸ Bitcoin is dead, blockchain is reborn

(1) New concepts

My views on Bitcoin are constantly iteratively updated. But the essential thing will not change: whether this new thing will promote the development of productivity. We must first clarify the following concepts:

First, blockchain technology. This is a real development and innovation of productivity, which has very important practical and future significance. We must pay attention to the development of blockchain technology. We can no longer let the United States continue to occupy the same position as chip technology, one step behind and one step behind. This high ground. When I first learned about blockchain technology, it was as if a window had opened in my cognitive field, and my whole brain was illuminated. I felt that the practice of the concept of "decentralization" was incompatible with the communism of "Six hundred million Chinese states were conquered by Shun Yao", and At that time, everyone could be a part of the organism and "speak loudly, debate loudly, and have big-character posters"", there are many coincidences.

Blockchain has the characteristics of "unforgeable", "leaving traces throughout the process", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collective maintenance", etc. They have not seen the decentralized Internet era, but many of their assumptions have naturally been realized in the Internet era - that is, the progress of productivity. This is the great power of historical materialism.

Because of this , the country attaches great importance to the development of blockchain technology, which is a very correct decision. Blockchain has also been included in the "14th Five-Year Plan" as one of the seven key industries of the digital economy for the first time. Blockchain involves the digital technology application industry There are 6 subcategories in the 3 major categories of , digital element driven industry and digital efficiency improvement industry. The six subcategories are Internet data services in the digital technology application industry, new technology infrastructure construction and digital efficiency improvement in the digital element driven industry. Digital general and special equipment manufacturing, digital transportation equipment manufacturing, digital electrical machinery, equipment and instrumentation manufacturing, and other intelligent manufacturing.

Second, Bitcoin. Bitcoin is the birth of blockchain technology It is not productivity or technological progress, but one of the purposes or results of productivity development and technological progress. To make an analogy, blockchain technology is a newly born river, and Bitcoin is washed down from the source of the river. Pebbles. For certain groups of people, they are collectible, and you can even understand that some people dug this river just for these pebbles.

The birth of Bitcoin It was once revolutionary. For example, (it is said) Satoshi Nakamoto’s original intention was to oppose the hegemony of the US dollar and decided to design a cryptocurrency that “will never depreciate”. But with the development of the times, Bitcoin is increasingly unable to compete with Blockchain technology is comparable. Does Bitcoin have value? Yes, the loss of the machine that mines it and the loss of electricity are all valuable. Does Bitcoin have any use value? Almost none. Except for a certain commemoration for a few people However, it is mostly used in financial market speculation, black market transactions and money laundering.

Third, the behavior of "mining" and currency speculation. People use a large number of computers, based on specific The algorithm that finds Bitcoin is called "mining." Due to the particularity of the Bitcoin algorithm, it becomes more difficult to mine the further you go, and the more people there are, the more difficult it is to mine. Therefore, more and more machines must be invested, and it is more and more expensive. More electricity. And the currency speculation is speculation on the existing Bitcoin - what I criticize is the speculation on Bitcoin, not the Bitcoin itself. It is like the tulip bubble back then. Flowers as beautiful as tulips are innocent. .

Fourth, Dogecoin, shitcoin, S-coin, etc. These are similar to Bitcoin, but are generated based on different algorithms. For example, Bitcoin has a quantitative upper limit, and Dogecoin is There is no upper limit. Cryptocurrencies are relevant to certain groups (gangsters, money laundering syndicates, transnational criminal gangs), but in governments around the worldWithout recognition, the meaning is very limited and can only be used for financial speculation. Some coins were even launched to satirize Bitcoin, but they themselves turned into speculative products and became "a satire of satires."

Fifth, air coins and garbage coins. These were rampant in the domestic market in the past few years, but later basically disappeared after being banned by state supervision. These coins have nothing to do with blockchain technology. Just write an algorithm in the background, and then use a hot spot to fool adults and aunts into investing. This is no different from blatant money fraud. I wish all air currency scammers will go to jail as soon as possible.

The following is a very classic picture from that year. A group of air coins and garbage coins held a blockchain conference. As a result, many aunts attended the meeting, because the aunts were big funders and investors. , so they are all important guests attending the meeting. It stands to reason that deceiving adults and aunties into buying some health products or something like that will have a placebo effect, and deceiving them into buying air coins has really been a sin for eight lifetimes.

(2) New Situation

The continuous development of productivity has brought about new situations, so my evaluation of Bitcoin is also changing dynamically.

I used to think that Bitcoin was firstly in line with the trend of electronic currency, and secondly, it was in line with the decentralization process of the Internet. It might also be able to combat the hegemony of the U.S. dollar. Satoshi Nakamoto is a fucking genius. To be honest, blockchain technology once really represented the development direction of advanced productivity, and Bitcoin was the best "medal" of blockchain technology. I really yearned for it. However, the greed of capital and human nature can turn all advanced productive forces into speculative activities. When the "gold rush" of the new era comes, Bitcoin has even become a waste of productivity-power resources, graphics cards, hard drives and other production tools have become their speculation tools, and a large amount of resources have been used in speculation. Wasting.

Human beings really have the ability to turn any genius setting into a speculative game - it was originally a witness to the value of blockchain in the development of productivity, but it turned into an act of crazy mining and waste of productivity; it was originally The concept of anti-tradition, anti-authority and decentralization turned into a carnival of leek-cutting on the exchange. My current attitude is this: I still recognize Bitcoin, but I do not recognize the behavior of speculating on Bitcoin; as for those junk coins, air coins, virtual coins, and game coins, these things are really not worth mentioning, and they will be swept away sooner or later. The trash can of history.

As I said above, it is difficult to cite such an example in human history: a lot of value (undifferentiated human labor condensed in it) was consumed, but a rarely used product was produced. Something of value. In the past, speculative products, such as stocks, were either value or commercial paper; tulips and the like were useful to smell and look at. As for Bitcoin alone, it’s hard to imagine what value it has other than speculation and money laundering. This is really a new development for mankind.One page - We have invented something that costs a lot of money but has no use value at all.

As the title of this article says: It’s shameful to waste food, but what about wasting productivity? Bitcoin speculation has turned into a huge waste of productivity. According to the latest statistics from the University of Cambridge, the power consumption of Bitcoin mining alone reaches approximately 133.68 terawatt hours per year, and 1 terawatt hour is equal to 1 billion kilowatt hours of electricity. This figure basically exceeds the annual electricity consumption of Sweden, which ranks 27th in the world in terms of electricity consumption. In my country, most Bitcoin mining machines are located in Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Xinjiang. Because these places are rich in resources, electricity prices are low. China's annual electricity consumption for such activities is expected to peak at about 297 terawatt hours (one terawatt hour equals one billion kilowatt-hours of electricity) in 2024, exceeding Italy's electricity consumption in 2016; annual carbon emissions will also rise to 130 million tons, exceeding the Czech Republic’s total greenhouse gas emissions in 2016.

Currently, electricity consumption across the country is very tight. Guangzhou, Zhejiang and other places are restricting industrial electricity consumption. There are also long-term indicators of carbon neutrality. If we don’t crack down on this mining behavior, It’s really unreasonable.

What's more, in addition to the waste of productivity, there are also financial risks. As mentioned above, domestic and foreign Bitcoin transactions are inevitably accompanied by risks such as black market trading, money laundering, and capital outflows—this is a problem at the macro level; at the micro level, the currency trading market fluctuates sharply and plummets 24 hours a day. For everyone, For individual investors, these are uncontrollable risks.

On May 21 this year, the Financial Stability and Development Committee of the State Council further requested: "Crack down on Bitcoin mining and trading activities." In the next step, targeted measures should be taken to carry out centralized rectification activities for virtual currency mining and trading activities to protect the property safety of investors and maintain economic and financial order. Financial management departments should intensify the crackdown on illegal mining and trading activities of virtual currencies, maintain normal economic and financial order, and create a better environment for the official launch of my country's digital renminbi. Institutions and platforms that illegally participate in virtual currency transactions, speculation, or provide support services should be dealt with in a timely manner in conjunction with the judicial department to increase the cost of violating laws and regulations and increase the deterrence of rectification activities. For Bitcoin mining projects, all localities should comprehensively clean up and shut down in a timely manner.

It is difficult for mining behavior to survive without stepping on the three red lines of carbon emissions, financial systemic risks, and capital flight.

(3) Eternal Greed

Satoshi Nakamoto designed the rules of Bitcoin in order to challenge the hegemony of the US dollar, and now the currency market has become an arena for capital to pursue profits. I have to lament that capital has turned any revolutionary thing into its own slave. In the past, the "currency circle" was divided into the "coin party" and the "chain party" - because whether the currency or the chain comes first is a chicken-and-egg problem, and it is unclear. So the currency party believes that blockchainTechnology serves cryptocurrencies, and cryptocurrencies will eventually unify the future of finance; while the Chain Party believes that the application of blockchain technology far exceeds that of cryptocurrencies, and Bitcoin is just the son of blockchain.

At present, it seems that the chain party has won a great victory, and there are not many real currency parties left, and they have basically become eager speculators. Nowadays, the so-called currency circle is just to give oneself a high status. The essence is gambling: the former dog gamblers have become pioneer currency speculators, and the former bookmakers have become technological innovation enterprises. I have been sincerely recommending to my friends who are micro-managing the stock market and speculating on currencies to go to Macau. It is simple and direct. The probability of getting rich overnight is much greater than speculating on currencies. Moreover, if you gamble a lot, you can also enjoy VIP treatment and a room. You’ll be reimbursed for travel expenses and drinks; even if you lose money, you’re still traveling and relaxing. The casinos in Macau are luxuriously decorated, with free drinks and a variety of delicious snacks, and there are daily activities such as Hawaiian hula, Free performances such as the Swan Lake ballet and vaudeville magic are much more enjoyable than staring at the pan in a rental house every day?

What's more, the casinos are century-old and are based on integrity. They won't default on your bills even if you win big, and they will beat the gongs and drums to promote your scams; they won't break up if you lose big. , you will also be refunded the cost of food, accommodation and round-trip travel expenses. Look at the faces of these shitty exchanges - power outages, unplugging network cables, forced liquidation, account invalidation... I always laugh at those pioneering young people who are proud of themselves in the currency circle. Your industry is much lower than gambling. I also seriously suggest that friends who can't get rid of their "gambling addiction" should gamble for real. If you lose money, you can treat it as consumption and enjoy it. Isn't it better than being cut off by the exchange for nothing?

The above content is not about asking everyone to gamble. Anyone who gambles on dogs deserves to die. I just satirize the so-called "currency circle". I am afraid that some good brothers will take it seriously, so I still make a statement.

There is a plot in "The Lord of the Rings" that seems quite interesting now: Saruman said that the dwarves were too greedy and dug too deep, digging up ancient evil things. Why, I immediately thought of those people who mine Bitcoin hhhhh, they are so greedy. Not to mention the skyrocketing price of graphics cards, the prices of memory sticks, hard drives and the like have doubled, which is too exaggerated. Let’s wait and see what monsters modern miners will dig up.

In this situation, I just want to say the beautiful words in "The Lord of the Rings": You shall not pass! I sincerely hope that all speculators will be buried in the abyss of the mining disaster.

(4) Experience and Lessons

The following part is my own investment experience. I would like to share it with you. Just listen to the story and have fun and learn from it. The best lesson is to learn from experience, if not, just keep it in mind: when there is not enough information, try to stay away from the financial product speculation market.

In 2014, I was studying in Hong Kong for graduate school.A senior I met on Renren said to me: "Now that you have a Hong Kong ID card and a Hong Kong bank account, it is very convenient to buy Bitcoin. You can learn about it and try it. It is a rare opportunity." I have always admired this. A senior, I valued his advice very much, so I went to learn about Bitcoin. At that time, I had just read Kevin Kelly's "Losing Control", which seemed to open the door to a new world; I also learned about the principles of blockchain and felt that Satoshi Nakamoto was so awesome, and I felt that I was attracted by these two great gods. Took virginity. So naturally I am very positive about Bitcoin and feel that this is a new page in the history of human finance.

Although the ideal is full, the reality is very skinny. The biggest problem I face is - no money. I was still a student at the time, and I was living a very tight life with my family's living expenses. The rent and housing prices in Hong Kong were surprisingly high. Naturally, things like investment were put on hold for the time being. However, after the first half of the semester that year, there happened to be an opportunity to apply for a half-term scholarship (all sponsored by various wealthy companies in Hong Kong), so I applied and actually got a first-class scholarship (there was also a Special class), it seemed to be 5,500 Hong Kong dollars, which was a huge sum of money for me at that time.

I applied before the Christmas holidays, and I got the money the following year. I used the money to buy a pen to treat myself, and the remaining money bought two full Bitcoins - I remember at that time The price seems to be less than 2,000 Hong Kong dollars. It is a bit old and there must be a difference. So this article is definitely not a headline-grabber. For me, the money at that time was a super heavy position, and it had the nature of a stud.

Someone must have started to calculate how much money I made - when I bought it, it was three to four hundred dollars, and it rose to more than sixty thousand dollars, so now it is hundreds of thousands... This is a trap Misunderstandings in thinking patterns. I bought it for less than 2,000 RMB. When the price increased to 4,000 yuan, I liquidated everything... Don't laugh, this is the plot of "Charlotte Trouble", everyone is laughing at Dashachun, people Everyone is stupid...

But investing is not from God’s perspective. Anyone can understand if you live backwards. At that time, the doubling of Bitcoin was an invincible profit that I had never encountered before. It would be difficult for a young man who had just graduated to work to control it, right? Who knew it would rise so much and dozens of times later.

That’s right, it’s very true. There are always rich people who tell me after listening to this story that you have to be able to hold it. I know the nonsense, but you rich people use it to invest. The money is only one-Nth of your pocket money. You may not be able to use this money in your lifetime. Can’t you handle it? For me, investment income is a huge amount of money that can greatly improve the quality of life. I am sure of my mentality. It's different. You must worry about gains and losses. If you can hold it, you'll be damned. To put it bluntly, the economic foundations are different, so these investment techniques are useless.

Of course, it must be said strictly that Dashachun and I are still different - after all, it is the effect of a comedy movie. I'm sellingAfter buying it, I continued to pay attention to the Bitcoin market. Later, I felt that it still had investment value and bought it back. This was not a one-time deal. I later sold, bought, and sold, and became a nasty speculator. Finally one day I woke up.

It was a good time to speculate in Bitcoin at that time, and I did make a lot of money - this is nothing to admit. However, Bitcoin can be traded 24 hours a day, and there is no such thing as a daily limit. The price rises and falls every day, just like riding a roller coaster. You have to keep an eye on the market all the time, and your mood rises and falls with the price. If you can't help it, you want to micro-manage. .

After a while, life like this became boring. My life was kidnapped by Bitcoin. The meaning of life is the ups and downs. I happened to be studying the "alienation" theory at that time, and I was deeply inspired. The rise and fall of Bitcoin "defined" my meaning, making people become "non-human". I am not living for myself, I am living for Bitcoin. And alive.

People should be the masters of things, but they cannot be the servants of things. After thinking about this, I liquidated all my Bitcoins and kept one as a souvenir. Now, no matter how much Bitcoin grows or plummets, it still doesn't stir up any emotion in my heart. When I decide not to use this currency to circulate in the market, it loses its meaning in external pricing and is just a "thing". I have thought about it. If I have a child in the future, I will make the USB flash drive that holds the Bitcoin wallet into a pendant and hang it around his neck. This is a contemporary gift from the previous generation, as a symbol of the development of human productivity and various wonderful social phenomena. A testimony.

⑹ Many places have issued blockchain development action plans "Blockchain+" to show off their potential

< p> [Zhongya Finance] Recently, Hebei, Guizhou, Hunan, Beijing, Guangzhou, Ganzhou and other provinces and cities have released blockchain development action plans to plan for the construction of blockchain platforms and promote the "on-chain" of enterprises. Domestic The blockchain industry is ushering in rare development opportunities. At present, blockchain technology has been implemented in judicial certificate storage, government affairs management, people's livelihood services, food traceability, supply chain management and other scenarios. In the future, it may show its talents in new infrastructure, industrial chain transformation, public services and other fields, providing high-quality services. Quality development is gaining momentum.

During the epidemic prevention period, Mr. Ma, a Beijing citizen, fell in love with online shopping. After he recently received a box of Anhui Dangshan Su pears, he found a QR code with "Blockchain Traceability" written on the package. Scanning it with his mobile phone revealed the name of the e-commerce company selling the pears, the location of the authentic place of origin, and the product. "Identity" information such as features and quality alliances to which it belongs is clear at a glance, and even the number of QR code scans is clearly displayed. Mr. Ma said: "Seeing such detailed and accurate product information makes me more confident in the quality of the product."

The application of blockchain technology in online shopping has been an active innovation technology application scenario in recent years.an epitome of. According to the "2018-2019 China Blockchain Development Annual Report" released by the China Blockchain Ecological Alliance, blockchain technology is most actively used in the financial field, and has formed an important role in cross-border payments, asset management, supply chain finance, etc. A batch of new products that can undertake actual business; phased results have been achieved in the fields of electronic certificate deposits and charity; and exploration has begun in the fields of medical services, government management, transportation and logistics.

Against this background, many domestic provinces and cities have recently issued blockchain development action plans. In the plan, building a blockchain open innovation platform and promoting the "online" of key enterprises have become the next focus of local work. For example, the "Beijing Blockchain Innovation Development Action Plan" issued by Beijing in early July proposes to take the lead in forming a "Beijing Plan" for blockchain to empower economic and social development by 2022; Guizhou Province issued in early May "About Accelerating District Development" "Opinions on Blockchain Technology Application and Industrial Development" proposed that by 2022, 3 to 5 blockchain open innovation platforms and public service platforms will be built, and more than 100 growing blockchain companies will be introduced and cultivated; Hunan Province will The issued "Three-Year Action Plan for the Development of the Blockchain Industry in Hunan Province (2020-2022)" proposes to build more than 10 blockchain public service platforms by 2022 and promote 30,000 companies to get on the chain; Guangzhou, Guangdong, Ganzhou, Jiangxi It is also proposed to cultivate a number of key blockchain enterprises and promote typical application demonstration scenarios.

During the epidemic, various places "increased" the development of blockchain technology. Experts said that since this year, the demand for digital social governance innovation and soft and hard infrastructure construction has increased significantly, and the potential of blockchain technology in the technical transformation of industrial chains and government governance has become more prominent.

“As more and more people realize and enjoy the convenience brought by digital life, they are more determined to carry out digital reform. , the determination to actively 'get on the chain'." Pan Helin, executive director of the Institute of Digital Economy of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, said that during the epidemic prevention period, blockchain technology has advantages in information management, emergency supplies and food safety traceability, and identity authentication management. obvious. For the digital economy or blockchain technology, this epidemic is a development opportunity. After the epidemic has spawned a large number of digital demands, blockchain will play a more important role in production and supply chain collaboration, public safety warning, and financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. Big energy.

Use blockchain technology to build a "virtual factory" for Nankang furniture to trace the origin of Gannan navel orange products... In recent years, Ganzhou blockchain companies have continued to emerge, involving digital licenses, digital bills, and anti-counterfeiting traceability , filing and notarization, copyright protection, digital finance and other businesses are also increasing. To this end, the local government has recently established a blockchain service hall to ensure that these businesses are handled centrally.

Some experts said that nationwide, attempts to innovate blockchain service models and solve the difficulties of integrating blockchain technology with people's livelihood and the real economy are gradually increasing. As an emerging technology in the digital economy era, blockchain technology also faces many difficulties and obstacles in scientific research and implementation. In terms of technology, blockchain encryption technology faces technical risks such as inference and even traceability; in terms of implementation, there are limited application areas. , low industrial agglomeration effect and other problems; in addition, there are bottlenecks such as lack of professional talents.

Action plans released in many places also target these difficulties and congestion points. For example, the "Beijing Blockchain Innovation and Development Action Plan" proposes four key tasks: innovation-led, building a blockchain theory and technology platform; demand-driven, building a number of multi-field application scenarios; cluster development, cultivating integration linkage The blockchain industry; ensuring the elements and building a leading blockchain talent echelon.

Affected by the epidemic, the accounting period of downstream engineering projects in some industries has become longer, and the pressure on upstream small and medium-sized suppliers has increased accordingly. This once made some small business owners very anxious and afraid to take on big orders.

How to open up business flow, logistics and capital flow, so that the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain can "turn" together? Zhejiang’s approach is to build a blockchain receivables chain platform. The platform puts accounts receivable accumulated in the supply chain online as "blockchain receivables", solving the risk of fraud that is difficult to prevent in traditional accounts receivable financing. After upstream suppliers receive the blockchain receivables issued online by the supply chain enterprises, they can transfer them to the bank for cash on the same day, eliminating the need for cumbersome procedures such as verification and verification, witnessing and confirmation of rights, and "hardening" the upstream and downstream industry chains. “Funds have been mobilized.

Currently, blockchain applications are still in the early, niche and pilot stages. With the implementation of 5G technology, the increase in market data volume and the improvement of technical issues, more application cases are expected to appear in the future.

Experts said that in order to achieve safe and sustainable development of blockchain technology, we must first solve the technical problems, especially the realization of technical security, decentralization, scalability and other issues, which requires all parties to Cooperate fully; secondly, we must promptly pass legislation to protect the legal issues that may be faced during the development of blockchain technology, and at the same time severely crack down on the use of blockchain technology to commit illegal crimes.

⑺ [Blockchain Mind Map] 002: Bitcoin

Here, Sir Jay gives you the 002nd blockchain mind map: 002 Bitcoin~< br />
The following is a brief introduction to Bitcoin:

Bitcoin (English: Bitcoin) is a decentralized, non-universally globally payable electronic cryptocurrency. Bitcoin was created by Satoshi Nakamoto (pseudonym) on January 3, 2009Japan is based on a borderless peer-to-peer network and is created using consensus-based open source software. As of February 12, 2018, Bitcoin is currently the cryptocurrency with the highest market capitalization. 【1】

Why was a cryptocurrency like Bitcoin created? In other words, why is Bitcoin so popular among the public, from a trendy gadget in the geek circle to a daily investment for ordinary people? ?

Some people believe that the advent of Bitcoin is the result of people’s hatred of the excessive issuance of national sovereign currencies in the commodity economy and monetary policy intervention, and their yearning for community consensus currency autonomy in the gift economy. I believe everyone will have deep feelings about the issue of "inflation", right?

Check the information: Inflation is generally defined as: under the credit currency system, the amount of currency in circulation exceeds the actual needs of the economy, causing currency depreciation and a comprehensive and sustained rise in price levels-- In more common language: over a given period of time, the price level in a given economy generally continues to increase, resulting in a sustained decline in the purchasing power of money. 【2】

In China, we can use a vivid example to illustrate: around 1980, at the beginning of reform and opening up, “thousand-yuan households” were all very wealthy; Today, more than 30 years later, it is estimated that one has to reach the level of billions of assets to be considered a "rich man", right? ? Behind this tens of millions of times difference is the huge problem of currency depreciation caused by the over-issuance of currency.

Satoshi Nakamoto hates this kind of "inflation" problem. Therefore, he proposed his own methodology to solve the problem: Based on his belief in technology and liberal monetarism, he proposed a blockchain technology system; and relying on blockchain technology, he created Bitcoin.

Interestingly, Satoshi Nakamoto created the first block of the Bitcoin system, the "Genesis Block", with the sentence "The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second lout for banks” (on January 3, 2009, the chancellor was on the verge of implementing a second round of emergency bank bailout), and this sentence was the headline of the front page article of The Times that day.

At this point, people’s bold attempt to issue their own currency system began, and once the experimental wheels were started, it was difficult to stop them. Later, Bitcoin went through continuous iterative development and produced many hard fork currencies.

Data shows:

Of course, the development of Bitcoin is not smooth sailing. Hackers will attack Bitcoin trading websites; and many criminal groupsOrganizations will also use Bitcoin to conduct illegal transactions; many people even think that Bitcoin is a "Ponzi scheme."

In addition, celebrities have different opinions on Bitcoin. The data shows:

Paul Kluman, the Nobel Prize winner in economics, believes that "Bitcoin It’s evil” and expressed several views on Bitcoin.

David Woo, global head of interest rate and foreign exchange research at Bank of America Merrill Lynch, believes that "Bitcoin can become a major payment method for e-commerce and become a strong competitor for traditional currency transactions." . . 【3】

What exactly is Bitcoin? Everyone will have their own different opinions. However, Sir Jay thinks: Before we easily make judgments about new things that are unclear to us, we should take the initiative to learn and understand them. To learn Bitcoin, it is a good methodology to first understand the Bitcoin white paper.

Sir Jay has also written about the interpretation of Bitcoin’s official white paper in his previous article. You are welcome to check it out:

Title: [Talk about Digital Currency] Interpretation of Bitcoin’s White Paper

Link: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1MTA2NDM1NA==&mid=2247483713&idx=1&sn=&chksm=5c761a#rd

Overall Speaking of which, a new era has arrived, and new things such as blockchain and Bitcoin will surely show their huge power in the future! We are all the lucky ones and witnesses of the times, so hurry up and learn and understand the world of blockchain! ! !

Note:

[1] Excerpted from Wikipedia: Bitcoin

[2] Excerpted from the Internet: Inflation

【3】Excerpted from Wikipedia: Bitcoin