交通数据区块链技术有哪些,交通数据区块链技术应用

本文将介绍交通数据区块链技术的三大关键词：安全性、可信性和可追溯性。

安全性是指交通数据区块链技术能够保证数据的安全性，从而保证交通安全。交通数据区块链技术采用分布式账本技术，将数据存储在多台电脑上，每台电脑上的数据都是一致的，从而保证了数据的安全性。此外，交通数据区块链技术还采用了加密技术，将数据进行加密，从而更好地保证了数据的安全性。

可信性是指交通数据区块链技术能够保证数据的可信性，从而保证交通数据的真实性。交通数据区块链技术采用了分布式账本技术，将数据存储在多台电脑上，每台电脑上的数据都是一致的，从而保证了数据的可信性。此外，交通数据区块链技术还采用了共识算法，将数据进行校验，从而更好地保证了数据的可信性。

可追溯性是指交通数据区块链技术能够保证数据的可追溯性，从而保证交通数据的完整性。交通数据区块链技术采用了分布式账本技术，将数据存储在多台电脑上，每台电脑上的数据都是一致的，从而保证了数据的可追溯性。此外，交通数据区块链技术还采用了数字签名技术，将数据进行签名，从而更好地保证了数据的可追溯性。

总之，交通数据区块链技术的安全性、可信性和可追溯性是它的三大关键词，它们都能够有效地保证交通数据的安全性、可信性和可追溯性，从而保证了交通安全。

A. What are the main application fields of blockchain technology?

Answer: The main application fields of blockchain technology include the financial field, the Internet of Things and logistics, and the public service field. Digital copyright field, insurance field and public welfare field.

1. Financial field

Blockchain has potential huge application value in financial fields such as international exchange, letters of credit, equity registration and stock exchanges.

2. Internet of Things and Logistics Fields

Blockchain can also be naturally combined in the Internet of Things and logistics fields. Through blockchain, logistics costs can be reduced, the production and delivery process of items can be traced, and the efficiency of supply chain management can be improved.

3. Public service fields

Blockchain is closely related to people’s production and life in public management, energy, transportation and other fields, but the centralized nature of these fields also brings Some problems can be solved using blockchain.

4. Digital copyright field

Through blockchain technology, works can be authenticated, prove the existence of text, video, audio and other works, and ensure the authenticity and uniqueness of ownership. sex.

5. Insurance field

In terms of insurance claims, insurance institutions are responsible for fund collection, investment, and claims settlement, and often have high management and operating costs.

6. Public welfare fields

The data stored on the blockchain is highly reliable and cannot be tampered with, so it is naturally suitable for use in social welfare scenarios. Relevant information in the public welfare process, such as donation projects, fundraising details, fund flows, recipient feedback, etc., can be stored on the blockchain and transparently and publicly disclosed conditionally to facilitate social supervision.

B. Four core issues need to be solved for the implementation of blockchain. Interview with Chen Wei, President of Investment Banking Center of Bank of Communications

With the development of the concept of blockchain As the technology continues to heat up and this technology becomes increasingly mature, financial institutions including banks are also increasing their deployment and application in this field. The "Archaean - 2019 China Blockchain Financial Industry Research Report" points out that financial institutions' investment in blockchain is growing year by year. It is expected that by 2022, China's financial institutions' investment in blockchain technology will reach 9.27 billion yuan.

Chen Wei pointed out that the essence of asset securitization business is to replace the subject credit with asset credit, and with the help of blockchain technology, technological mutual trust can be achieved to replace institutional mutual trust. These two points make blockchain technology suitable The needs of asset securitization business scenarios. Based on this, Bank of Communications launched China's first blockchain asset securitization platform - "Chain Fusion". Chen Wei also said that blockchain technology will also play a positive role in promoting Shanghai's "Yangtze River Delta integration" and building an international asset management center.

The "efficiency + trust" problem needs to be solved

"China Business News": Although many banks have explored and researched blockchain, there have been few projects that have been implemented in the end. What do you think is the reason why blockchain technology is difficult to implement?

Chen Wei: Since blockchain mainly uses alliance chain technology, banks mainly face the following four problems when exploring the application of blockchain technology in specific business implementation:

The first one is safety. Commercial banks are important participants in the infrastructure construction of the entire financial system and have particularly high requirements for reliability and security. In the application of new technologies, safety requirements are the most important and must be met. Since the application of blockchain technology is still in the exploratory stage, this may affect the implementation of blockchain technology in specific businesses.

The second is efficiency. In a decentralized setting, all nodes need to reach a consensus and process the data, which takes a lot of time. Therefore, it is currently difficult to effectively balance business efficiency. Some traditional businesses of banks, such as payment, transfer, remittance and other business scenarios, have high requirements on time efficiency and data storage. Therefore, there are still certain difficulties in integrating blockchain technology with these business scenarios.

The third is cross-agency consensus. The alliance chain requires all parties in the alliance to reach an agreement and jointly promote the formation and expansion of the chain. However, in the actual business promotion process, different institutions have great differences in their understanding of the blockchain and their needs for the alliance chain, and there is a certain degree of difficulty in coordination and promotion. .

The fourth is economic cost. Blockchain applications require high technical development capabilities of banks and require a large amount of software and hardware resources. For example, alliance chains need to deploy nodes and form consensus algorithms and a series of services; banks need to invest a lot of human and financial resources in development. These inputs may not directly produce visible economic profits in the short term, and there will be an intertemporal mismatch of costs and benefits. Any financial institution, whether listed or not, will face the problem of current assessment, which creates a certain contradiction between the current nature of costs and the lag of income.

Of course, despite the existence of these four main contradictions, many banks are crossing the river by feeling the stones and constantly exploring. It can be said that in this regard, Bank of Communications has actively responded to the national call and is at the forefront of its peers in the application of blockchain technology, especially in the field of asset securitization, achieving many breakthroughs.

Chen Wei: The so-called efficiency is a matter of time, and trust is a matter of safety.

Regarding the efficiency issue, combined with the exploration and practice of Bank of Communications, it can be solved in the following three ways: first, through the automation of smart contracts on the chain, to improve the efficiency of business processes; second, , research high-performance public chain technology to meet the computing and storage capabilities in the case of concurrent transactions; third, with the help of cloud computing, use the storage capabilities of the cloud to improve efficiency and reduce economic costs.

Regarding the issue of trust, there are three main ways to solve it: First, reach a consensus before going on the chain. Participants must sign an agreement to express their agreement before going on the chain to avoid problems due to failure to reach a consensus during the business development process. This leads to reduced efficiency and difficulty in implementation; Chapter 2Second, use digital signature and asymmetric encryption technology to encrypt the data before uploading it to the chain to ensure that only authorized parties can see the data and control data permissions; third, blockchain technology uses distributed ledgers to realize data It cannot be tampered with, and it can also be traced back to ensure that all participants maintain a high degree of trust in the data on the chain.

Promoting the "integration" of assets and funds in the Yangtze River Delta

"China Business News": What are the characteristics and highlights of Bank of Communications in exploring blockchain scenarios?

Chen Wei: There are many discussions about blockchain usage scenarios in the current market. In terms of blockchain empowering finance, asset securitization business is one of the most suitable scenarios. Based on its practical exploration and first-mover advantage in the asset securitization market, Bank of Communications has been trying to explore the application of blockchain in asset securitization business scenarios since 2016, and officially released the first domestic blockchain asset securitization in 2018. Platform - "Chain Fusion". The platform has obtained two technology patents - "A cross-agency process solution based on smart contracts" and "Fabric blockchain management solution based on smart contracts", and won the 2018 Shanghai Financial Innovation Achievement Award issued by the Shanghai Municipal Government. Award, "China Banker" Top Ten Blockchain Application Innovation Award and other awards.

There are many participating institutions in the asset securitization business, the issuance cycle is long, and the transaction structure is also relatively complex. How to carry out the business more efficiently requires solving the problem of information asymmetry. Blockchain technology has the four characteristics of decentralization, transparency, sharing, and non-tampering, which means that blockchain technology can achieve a perfect combination with asset securitization.

From the perspective of the business itself, the essence of asset securitization business is to replace subject credit with asset credit; at the same time, with the help of blockchain technology, technological mutual trust can be achieved to replace institutional mutual trust. These two points make the blockchain Chain technology and asset securitization business can fit perfectly. Blockchain technology can make all data information in the system open, transparent, non-tamperable, and non-forgery without the need for third-party endorsement, and it can also trace the information.

"China Business News": In practice, how does blockchain technology empower asset securitization business?

Chen Wei: On the "Chain Fusion" platform, with the help of blockchain technology, underlying assets and due diligence reports and other information are permanently stored on the chain through digital fingerprints. With the help of the transparency and transparency of the blockchain, Features such as sharing and non-tampering solve the problem of mutual trust among the many participants in the asset securitization business and achieve credit penetration; encryption protection of files on the chain is achieved through some algorithms, effectively mitigating the risk of information leakage.

At the same time, the application of blockchain technology also reduces some maintenance costs and system operation pressure. Counting starts from the issuance of Asia’s first credit asset securitization project empowered by blockchain technology, “Jiaoying 2018 First Phase Personal Housing Mortgage Asset-Backed Securities”Since then, Bank of Communications has issued approximately 70 to 80 billion yuan worth of projects through this platform so far. We have also been committed to promoting more high-quality originating institutions, professional investors and other asset securitization ecosystem users such as Guodian Electric Power to join the chain.

"Chain Fusion" is the incubation result of the "Financial Innovation Joint Laboratory" and the product of the joint linkage between the front, middle and back offices of Bank of Communications. In the early stage of research and development, the business department took the lead in the entire project based on market sensitivity, and the middle and back-end departments collaborated. After blockchain technology is put into use, we continue to keep pace with the times and iteratively upgrade the system.

In addition to the internal collaboration of Bank of Communications for research and development, Bank of Communications also took the lead in establishing the asset securitization business ecosystem - the "Lujiazui Asset Securitization Alliance", and through cooperation with peer institutions, jointly cultivate and Developing the ecosystem system is also a manifestation of Bank of Communications' social responsibility and realization of social value.

"China Business News": In addition to empowering banks' specific businesses, what help can blockchain technology provide to banks in participating in the "Yangtze River Delta Integration" and serving Shanghai in building an international asset management center?

Chen Wei: The application of blockchain technology in asset securitization business scenarios actually shortens the information distance between asset holders and fund holders, and also breaks the boundaries of administrative divisions. With the help of blockchain technology, various participants in the "Chain Fusion" platform reach asset consensus and price consensus. For example, assets in Shanghai can be connected to funds in Jiangsu, which to some extent promotes the development of assets in the Yangtze River Delta region. and the “in-city integration” of funds.

At the same time, blockchain technology can also provide certain help to Shanghai in building an international asset management center. Building an international asset management center means attracting a large amount of overseas funds or fund management institutions to Shanghai. Only by providing a wealth of high-quality assets to choose from can overseas funds or institutions be retained. The asset securitization business has developed relatively maturely and has a large scale in the international market. In contrast, the asset securitization business is still in the development stage in China. As China continues to open up to the outside world, more and more foreign capital will enter China to invest in some high-quality domestic assets in the future, and the "chain integration" platform may play a more important role.

Generally speaking, blockchain technology is closely related to strategic issues such as Shanghai’s Yangtze River Delta integration construction, free trade zone construction, and the construction of a global financial technology center and asset management center, and will also Make new and greater contributions to serving the national strategy.

Source: China Business Network

C. What does blockchain mean?

Blockchain is distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption New application models of computer technology such as algorithms. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin.

It is essentially a decentralized database, and as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series ofData blocks generated by cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

Blockchain is closely related to people’s production and life in public management, energy, hotel management, transportation and other fields, but the centralized nature of these fields also brings some problems , can be transformed using blockchain.

The decentralized fully distributed DNS service can realize domain name query and resolution through point-to-point data transmission services between each other in the network, and can be used for the operating systems and firmware of some important infrastructures. If it has not been tampered with, the status and initialization of the software can be monitored to detect bad tampering and ensure that the data transmitted by the system using IoT technology has not been tampered with.

D. Multiple types of data are shared on the "chain", online and offline services are coordinated, and blockchain government affairs make things easier

What will happen when "blockchain + government affairs" collide? What kind of spark? Mawei Xingang Community in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province uses blockchain technology to solve the pain points of government informatization and launches a "blockchain + community certification" application. "This application can easily realize the electronic issuance of certificates required by enterprises and the masses, promote the transformation from 'reduced certificates' to 'no certificates', let data run instead of people running errands, improve service efficiency, and better serve the people. "Ms. Zhu, a citizen of Fuzhou, said.

Provident funds can be transferred and continued in other places

"Post-90s" Chen Jing joined a new company at the end of last year, and her work location changed from Hangzhou, Zhejiang to Chengdu, Sichuan. If you change your workplace, how can you transfer the previously accumulated housing provident fund to a new account? After consultation, Chen Jing learned that by searching for the "National Housing Provident Fund" applet on her mobile phone, she could realize the transfer to other places. According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the "National Housing Provident Fund" applet will be launched online in October 2021. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has built a credible data environment for the operation of the applet by deepening the application of new technologies such as blockchain to ensure that depositors information and financial security. Thanks to blockchain technology, depositors can transfer housing provident fund accounts and funds across cities through mini programs. They no longer need to go to the counter to handle off-site transfers and continuations, greatly shortening the processing time and further facilitating the cross-regional flow of human resources. .

Multiple types of data are shared on the "chain", online and offline services are coordinated, and the use of blockchain technology improves the efficiency of government departments and public satisfaction. For example, Beijing’s Haidian District has opened a “Blockchain Zone” on the Haidiantong APP, which can directly apply for public rental housing subsidies and Haidian District’s high-tech talent training subsidy approvaland other matters...With the application of new technologies such as blockchain, many government services have been implemented "online and all-round online services".

In addition, Zhuzhou City in Hunan Province has also innovated administrative approval service methods and launched blockchain application scenarios for electronic certificates, effectively improving the level of government data sharing and business collaboration efficiency; Fuzhou City has launched the "Rongcheng on the Chain" plan , exploring the use of blockchain technology in four fields including e-government, financial technology, social governance, and people's livelihood security.

Why does the government field favor blockchain technology? Industry insiders believe that blockchain technology has the characteristics of non-tampering, security, confidentiality and traceability, and is highly suitable for government service needs such as cross-domain data sharing and business collaborative management. Active use of blockchain technology can solve the problem of data sharing in the government service process. to solve problems such as difficulties in business coordination and improve government management services, overall planning and coordination capabilities.

Effectively supporting people’s livelihood services

Related management service platforms based on blockchain in many places in China have been launched frequently: in Jiangsu, the country’s first transfer of idle residential use rights based on blockchain technology The transaction was successfully completed. Relying on the provincial information service platform, the transaction information can be directly uploaded to the "chain" for certificate storage, ensuring that the housing source is credible and the results are traceable; in Zhejiang, the first intellectual property blockchain public certificate storage platform was officially launched, providing data Assets, original designs and other intellectual property rights provide efficient and fast certificate storage services; in Yunnan, the Provincial Market Supervision Administration and the Provincial Key Laboratory of Blockchain Application Technology jointly carry out Yunnan Province’s blockchain underlying chain food traceability work based on domestically produced independent , through blockchain technology, we can promote product source traceability, one-stop code, logistics tracking, responsibility identification and credit evaluation, so that blockchain technology can truly contribute to people's livelihood services.

Hu Kai, a professor at the School of Computer Science at Beihang University, told this reporter that the current blockchain industry applications are mainly divided into four categories: real economy, financial services, social governance and people's livelihood services. The government attaches great importance to guiding blockchain The application of chain in manufacturing, energy, government affairs, education and other fields has been implemented.

Active drive at the policy level has allowed blockchain to continue to advance in industries such as judicial evidence storage and transportation and shipping data sharing. In May, the Supreme People's Court issued the "Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on Strengthening the Judicial Application of Blockchain", proposing that by 2025, a blockchain alliance for interoperability and sharing between people's courts and all walks of life should be established to form a relatively complete blockchain judicial system. Field application standard system. In June, the Ministry of Transport issued the "Guidelines for the Construction of an Electronic Platform for Imported Dry Bulk Cargo Entry and Port Business Based on Blockchain" in June, proposing to promote the in-depth integration and development of blockchain technology and the transportation industry.

Let data flow safely and orderly

Hu Kai believes that today, with the rapid development of the digital economy, numbers and data are key elements for future social development, but there are still legal issues behind the data. , interoperability, privacy, security, traceability,Storage, transactions and many other complex issues. How to make data flow more securely and orderly? Blockchain technology has broad room for development.

Blockchain technology is accelerating breakthrough applications and playing a role in establishing a trustworthy and secure digital economic order and promoting high-quality economic and social development. The China Academy of Information and Communications Technology released the "Blockchain Infrastructure Research Report (2022)" in July this year, proposing that as the scale of blockchain infrastructure construction continues to expand and operating capabilities continue to increase, blockchain can not only be used in encrypted digital Currency and other scenarios can also be applied in manufacturing, service industries and other fields. Typical application scenarios such as digital collections, data circulation, supply chain finance, and product traceability have emerged.

E. How blockchain technology can play a greater role in economic and social development

As the construction of a transportation power continues

In September 2019, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and The State Council issued the "Outline for Building a Powerful Transportation Nation", which plans to basically build a powerful transportation country by 2035. In the "Outline for Building a Powerful Transportation Nation", in addition to "reducing costs and increasing efficiency" in my country's transportation based on existing infrastructure, advanced transportation equipment plays an "innovative" role, mainly transforming the incremental growth of my country's transportation. In the "Outline for Building a Powerful Transportation Nation", advanced equipment mainly includes large-scale carriers and special equipment to promote the upgrading of equipment technology; research and development of autonomous driving, vehicle-road collaboration, underwater robots, large-scale deep-sea multi-functional rescue ships, etc.; and the widespread use of smart high-speed rail , smart roads, smart shipping, etc.

F. Can blockchain technology be applied in the transportation industry

Yes, Chongqing Jinwowo analysis:
Blockchain Chain can create potential for IoT-enabled smart cities. Road signs, traffic lights, cars and other moving and stationary objects will be embedded with sensors that will collect data and send it to a system that will reroute buses, streetcars, emergency vehicles and other municipal vehicles , to find the fastest route and avoid traffic jams.
Ultimately reduce traffic congestion, speed up commuting and reduce carbon emissions. Blockchain-secured sensor data could also help drivers find open parking spaces or charging terminals, pay traffic tickets, and report crashes or maintenance issues.

G. Exclusive interview with TDC founder Lou Shengli: Builder of future transportation

On May 24th and 25th, the IFIC Global Financial Technology Innovation Summit was grandly held in Sanya, Hainan. This summit is guided by the Sanya Municipal People's Government, hosted by People's Daily Digital Communication, FINWEX, etc., and co-sponsored by Six Dimensional Quantum and ANTTOKEN.

Lou Shengli, founder of the transportation + blockchain project TDC, was invited to attend and participate in the roundtable forum with the theme of "Foreseeable changes in the blockchain industry in the future". In response to the current questions raised by the host, He gave an excellent speech on the possible impact of the US trade war on the industry.

He believes that economics and technologyThe development of China and the United States is consistent with the wave theory to a certain extent. The Sino-US trade war is not only a challenge for our generation, but also another kind of luck - because we are standing at the commanding heights of historical development. In this context, only by promoting various technical services and empowering the real economy can we usher in rapid development.

After the meeting, Mr. Lou Shengli accepted an on-site interview with IFIC and shared the role of TDC traffic big data as a builder in promoting the implementation of future transportation.

1. In the roundtable just now, you mentioned that before starting the TDC project, you worked for Shandong Expressway Group and were responsible for the maintenance and repair of the entire Shandong Expressway. Can you share with us your professional background and industry experience in more detail?

I entered university in 2000, majoring in transportation engineering and also dabbling in logistics management. When I was in college, I was always the class teacher, responsible for guiding students in their majors and serving as their mentors. Therefore, when talking about professionalism with them, you must first establish your own professional information. Because before 2000, and in the ten years from 2000 to 2010, the entire highway construction was in full swing, we will think about it conversely, after the highway is built, which major is the most popular, it must be built around the highway The direction of safety and informatization, so it is said that infrastructure will gradually enter the sunset industry, and then I went to graduate school in software engineering to understand the industry in terms of informatization of traffic safety.

After graduation, he worked at Shandong Expressway Group, responsible for expressway construction, operation and maintenance. He worked at Shandong Expressway for 12 years. In 2011, he began to serve as the director of the Beijing Office of Shandong Expressway. At that time, he had a lot of contact with ministries and commissions of the Ministry of Transport. He also served as the deputy secretary-general of the Collaborative Innovation Platform for Highway Green and Intelligent Maintenance Technology, which was initiated by China Communications Construction Company No. 1. Cooperating with the transportation departments and highway operating units of more than 20 provinces, we are responsible for developing innovative projects for the provincial transportation departments. In 2016, I officially quit my job to start a business and started working on projects such as highway informatization. Now the TDC project integrates logistics, traffic safety, and computer information. It can be regarded as a maximized use of my personal resources.

2. Based on what you just shared, we roughly understand that the TDC project is a transportation + blockchain model. Combined with your professional background, what was the opportunity for you to enter the blockchain industry?

From a young age, I have experienced car accidents, which makes me deeply aware of the traffic safety problems caused by the road environment. I have been following this field ever since. If I go out, I can know what the future road conditions will be like, where there are dangers, and what kind of car will come from the other side. If I can hold this information in my hands, I can control the risks very well.

From a broad perspective,In current society, the transportation industry is an industry that capital pays great attention to. Today, many guests are talking about autonomous driving and future transportation. After so many years, with the highway industry’s massive investment in national infrastructure, our road network has basically taken shape. Nowadays, the main contradiction in the transportation industry is also changing, from the original problem of not being able to walk, not being able to move fast, and being unable to transport goods, to the current problem of how to walk well, safely, and transporting goods smoothly. For highways, such a large road network has been formed. How can we use better means to solve the contradictions of good transportation, safe transportation and smooth transportation of goods in our transportation industry? In fact, transportation is composed of four factors: people, cars, roads, and the environment. As the current development of social technology, our cars are already very smart, and our people are also very smart. But if the road cannot meet traffic needs and cannot ensure traffic safety, then there will be no traffic.

What TDC does in this project is to stand on the road. From the perspective of a highway operator, how can we make the road smarter? Why do you say that? Because currently our road is both deaf and dumb. First of all, he is deaf. I don’t know what kind of cars will pass through my road. It is still mute. For example, there are potholes on the road, the bridge is collapsing, there is ice on the road, and there are easily scattered objects on the road. The road itself is aware of these problems, but it cannot tell them.

A major challenge in solving these problems is the huge amount of data collection and collection workload. After a preliminary understanding of blockchain technology, we found that the blockchain method, from a technical level, It can use new application models of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, etc. to effectively solve the problems of data security and sharing; from an economic perspective, it can establish an ecosystem for traffic safety data collection and application, Link B The data interaction between client and C client, the reward mechanism promotes data collection, conversion and application, and increases the enthusiasm of the whole people to collect and share traffic safety data. It can help us collect real-time traffic big data and traffic status quickly and easily, and serve the data in our world. industry to solve the main contradictions in the current transportation industry.

3. Thank you Mr. Lou. You just mentioned that TDC aims to solve the main contradictions in the current transportation industry. Can you share with us how the TDC project is implemented to solve these contradictions? ?

Okay. The core of the TDC project is to collect real-time traffic data and provide feedback to achieve vehicle-road collaboration.

The first point is to use distributed computing technology to improve the efficiency of traffic data collection and reduce the cost of data collection. We are currently promoting the research and development of a vehicle data collection instrument. The core of this instrument is an artificial intelligence chip, which uses a convolutional neural network algorithm to identify multiple categories of traffic data. After data cleaning, the available data upload bandwidth requirements will be significantly reduced.

The second point is distributed storage. The uploaded data is stored in different locations according to the frequency of calls.In the same server, reduce the pressure of large data volume on the server hard disk. At the same time, it is encrypted according to the real-time data type, divided into on-chain ID, and distributed encrypted storage to empower TDC.

The third point is economic incentives. Overall, the volume of traffic data is huge and the utilization rate is low, let alone real-time data applications. Traditional traffic data demanders take a long time to obtain data and invest a lot of money. Take AutoNavi as an example. It needs to collect more vehicles than the Internet, but it can take at least three months to collect real-life road clearing data. Road users, such as companies related to passenger and freight transportation, can obtain corresponding rewards by uploading valid driving data in the TDC project economic model, reducing their own travel costs and improving travel safety and convenience. For traffic data demanders, data sources will not be limited to their own data collection facilities, which reduces collection costs and improves collection efficiency.

4. It sounds like the implementation scenario of the TDC project is very clear. In your opinion, where does the confidence that this project can go forward come from?

At present, our traffic data research cooperation member units include the Big Data Center of the Ministry of Transport, the Road Network Monitoring Center, Shandong University, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, and Southeast University; the core team of the project is composed of professors and doctoral supervisors from Shandong University Under the guidance of Professor Bao Fangxun, it is composed of many experienced and high-level video algorithm engineers and traffic engineering experts; we are Huawei's 1+N smart transportation ecological partner, and the two parties have conducted in-depth cooperation on this project. At the technical level, we are cooperating with Horizon, an excellent domestic chip company, and are currently using a large amount of data to train TDC's artificial intelligence chip. It is expected that TDC's first-generation data collection "mining machine" will be successfully launched in September.

5. Understood. Can you share your vision for the TDC project and the future of the entire transportation industry?

At present, China is already the world's largest automobile producer and seller. China's highway mileage ranks first in the world, but the efficiency of China's highways is not very high. China's investment in infrastructure Running at the forefront of the world. So what we are thinking about is what the future relationship between cars and roads should be like. Is it just the road returning to the road or the car returning to the car? Or can roads and cars be connected through some kind of technology, so that cars and roads are in the same system and more integrated, so that car driving can be safer and road traffic more efficient?

What is vehicle-road collaboration? Vehicle-road collaboration is based on wireless communication, sensor detection and other technologies to obtain vehicle-road information, and through the interaction and sharing of vehicle-vehicle and vehicle-road information, it achieves intelligent collaboration and cooperation between vehicles and infrastructure to optimize the use of system resources and improve The goals of road traffic safety and alleviating traffic congestion. The technical connotation of vehicle-road collaboration has three points. First, it emphasizes human-vehicle-road system collaboration, second, it emphasizes regional large-scale networked joint control, and third, it emphasizes the use of multi-modal transportation networks and information interaction. This technology is trustworthyAs a result of the integration of information technology with the two major industries of automobile and transportation, TDC will fulfill its role as a future transportation builder and continue to contribute to the development of the transportation industry through real-time transportation big data. In the near future, the degree of intelligence of the entire transportation industry will be greatly improved with the joint efforts of many parties.

Postscript: As more blockchain technologies are implemented in daily life scenarios, the entire blockchain industry will usher in more benign development. When the wave recedes, people who are deeply involved in the industry will never swim naked.

H. What are the application fields of blockchain technology?

Application fields: financial field, Internet of Things and logistics field, public service field, digital copyright field, insurance field, and public welfare field.

Blockchain can also be naturally combined in the Internet of Things and logistics fields. Through blockchain, logistics costs can be reduced, the production and delivery process of items can be traced, and the efficiency of supply chain management can be improved. This field is considered a promising application direction of blockchain.

Blockchain is closely related to people’s production and life in the fields of public management, energy, transportation, etc. However, the centralized nature of these fields also brings some problems, which can be transformed with blockchain.

Blockchain Technology

This major cultivates the comprehensive development of moral, intellectual, physical, artistic and labor skills, and masters basic knowledge of natural sciences, humanities and social sciences, and basic theories of computer science. , basic theory and application knowledge of blockchain technology and application, have the basic ability of blockchain software development, software development practice and project organization, have the awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship, competition and team awareness and craftsman spirit, and be able to engage in blockchain High-quality and high-level technical skills talents for chain technology design, management, service and other work.

Reference for the above content: Network-Blockchain Technology

I. What are the application fields of blockchain technology

Financial field

Blockchain has potentially huge application value in financial fields such as international exchange, letters of credit, equity registration and stock exchanges. The application of blockchain technology in the financial industry can eliminate the need for third-party intermediaries and achieve direct point-to-point connection, thereby greatly reducing costs and quickly completing transaction payments.

Internet of Things and Logistics Fields

Blockchain can also be naturally combined in the Internet of Things and logistics fields. Through blockchain, logistics costs can be reduced, the production and delivery process of items can be traced, and the efficiency of supply chain management can be improved. This field is considered a promising application direction of blockchain.

Public services

Blockchain is closely related to people’s production and life in public management, energy, transportation and other fields, but these The centralized nature of the field also brings some problems, which can be transformed with blockchain. The decentralized and fully distributed DNS service provided by the blockchain can realize domain name query and resolution through point-to-point data transmission services between various nodes in the network., which can be used to ensure that the operating system and firmware of an important infrastructure have not been tampered with. It can monitor the status and integrity of the software, detect bad tampering, and ensure that the data transmitted by the system using IoT technology has not been tampered with. .

Digital copyright field

Through blockchain technology, works can be authenticated, proving the existence of text, video, audio and other works, and ensuring the authenticity and uniqueness of ownership. After the rights of the work are confirmed on the blockchain, subsequent transactions will be recorded in real time, realizing full life cycle management of digital copyright, and can also be used as a technical guarantee in judicial evidence collection.

Insurance field

In terms of insurance claims, insurance institutions are responsible for fund collection, investment, and claims settlement, and often have high management and operating costs. Through the application of smart contracts, there is no need for the policy holder to apply or the insurance company to approve it. As long as the claim settlement conditions are triggered, the insurance policy can automatically settle claims.

Public Welfare Field

The data stored on the blockchain is highly reliable and cannot be tampered with, so it is naturally suitable for use in social welfare scenarios. Relevant information in the public welfare process, such as donation projects, fundraising details, fund flows, recipient feedback, etc., can be stored on the blockchain and transparently and publicly disclosed conditionally to facilitate social supervision.

J. What are the core blockchain technologies of blockchain technology?

What is the hottest Internet topic at the moment? You don’t need to explain it to the editor to know, that is the area Blockchain technology, but many friends have only heard of this technology and do not have much in-depth understanding of it. So what are the blockchain technologies? Below we will bring you an introduction to the core technology of blockchain for your reference.
What are the core elements of blockchain technology?
Blockchain technology, which can be a public ledger (visible by anyone) or a permissioned network (visible only by those authorized), solves supply chain challenges , because it is an immutable record that is shared among network participants and updated in real time.
Blockchain technology----data layer: designing the data structure of the ledger
Core technology 1. Block + chain:
Technically speaking, block is a data structure that records transactions. Reflects the flow of funds for a transaction. The blocks of transactions that have been reached in the system are connected together to form a main chain, and all nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain.
Each block consists of a block header and a block body. The block body is only responsible for recording all transaction information in the previous period, mainly including the number of transactions and transaction details; the block header encapsulates the current version number, previous A block address, timestamp (recording the time when the block was generated, accurate to the second), random number (recording the value of decrypting the answer to the math question related to the block), the target hash value of the current block, and the Merkle number Root value and other information. From a structural point of view, most functions of the blockchain are implemented by the block header.
Core technology 2. Hash function:
The hash function can convert any longThe high-degree data is converted into a set of fixed-length codes through the Hash algorithm. The principle is based on a cryptographic one-way hash function. This function is easy to verify, but difficult to crack. Usually, the industry uses y=hash(x) to represent it. This hash function implements operations on x to calculate a hash value y.
Commonly used hash algorithms include MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384 and SHA-512, etc. Taking the SHA256 algorithm as an example, inputting any string of data into SHA256 will result in a 256-bit Hash value (hash value). Its characteristics: the same data input will get the same result. As long as the input data changes slightly (for example, a 1 becomes a 0), a completely different result will be obtained, and the result cannot be predicted in advance. Forward calculation (calculating the corresponding Hash value from the data) is very easy. Reverse calculation (cracking) is extremely difficult and is considered impossible under current technological conditions.
Core technology 3. Merkle tree:
Merkle tree is a hash binary tree, which can be used to quickly verify the integrity of large-scale data. In the blockchain network, the Merkle tree is used to summarize all transaction information in a block, and ultimately generates a unified hash value of all transaction information in the block. Any change in transaction information in the block will cause Merkle tree changes.
Core technology 4. Asymmetric encryption algorithm:
Asymmetric encryption algorithm is a key secret method that requires two keys: public key and private key. The public key and the private key are a pair. If the public key is used to encrypt data, only the corresponding private key can be used to decrypt it, thereby obtaining the corresponding data value; if the private key is used to sign the data, then only the corresponding public key can be used to sign the data. In order to verify the signature, the sender of the verification information is the holder of the private key.
Because encryption and decryption use two different keys, this algorithm is called an asymmetric encryption algorithm, while symmetric encryption uses the same key in the encryption and decryption processes.
Blockchain technology----network layer: realize the decentralization of accounting nodes
Core technology 5. P2P network:
P2P network (peer-to-peer network), also known as point-to-point technology, is no Central server, Internet system that relies on user groups to exchange information. Unlike a centralized network system with a central server, each client in a peer-to-peer network acts as both a node and a server. Domestic Xunlei software uses P2P technology. The P2P network has the characteristics of decentralization and robustness.
Blockchain technology----Consensus layer: allocate the task load of accounting nodes
Core technology 6. Consensus mechanism:
Consensus mechanism is how to reach consensus among all accounting nodes to identify The validity of a record is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. There are currently four main types of consensus mechanisms: PoW, PoS, DPoS and distributed consensus algorithms.
PoW (ProofofWork, proof of work): PoW mechanism, which is like Bitcoin’s mining mechanism, miners package existing transactions that have not been recorded by the network into a block, and then continue to traverse and try to find a random number, so that the new block can be added The hash value of the above random number meets certain difficulty conditions. Finding a random number that meets the conditions is equivalent to determining the latest block of the blockchain, and is also equivalent to obtaining the current round of accounting rights of the blockchain. Miners broadcast blocks that meet the mining difficulty conditions in the Yuanfu network. After verifying that the block meets the mining difficulty conditions and that the transaction data in the block meets the protocol specifications, other nodes in the entire network will each Blocks are linked to their own version of the blockchain, thereby forming a network-wide consensus on the current network state.
PoS (ProofofStake, Proof of Stake): PoS mechanism requires nodes to provide proof of a certain number of tokens to obtain a distributed consensus mechanism for competing for blockchain accounting rights. If you rely solely on the token balance to determine the bookkeeper, you will inevitably make the rich win, which will lead to the centralization of bookkeeping rights and reduce the fairness of the consensus. Therefore, different PoS mechanisms use different methods to increase the amount of money based on the proof of equity. The randomness of accounting rights avoids centralization. For example, in the PeerCoin PoS mechanism, the Bitcoin with the longest chain age has a greater chance of obtaining accounting rights. NXT and Blackcoin use a formula to predict the next accounting node. The more tokens you own, the greater the probability of being selected as an accounting node. In the future, Ethereum will also switch from the current PoW mechanism to a PoS mechanism. Judging from the information currently available, Ethereum's PoS mechanism will use nodes to place bets on the next block. The winner of the bet will receive an additional Ethereum currency award. Those who do not win will be deducted Ether coins to reach consensus on the next block.
DPoS (DelegatedProof-Of-Stake, share authorization certificate): DPoS is easy to understand and is similar to the modern corporate board of directors system. The DPoS mechanism adopted by BitShares is that shareholders vote to select a certain number of witnesses. Each witness has two seconds of authority to generate blocks in order. If the witness cannot generate a block within the given time slice, The block generation authority is given to the witness corresponding to the next time slice. Shareholders can replace these witnesses at any time by voting. This design of DPoS makes the generation of blocks faster and more energy-saving.
Distributed Consistency Algorithm: Distributed Consistency Algorithm is based on traditional distributed consistency technology. Among them are Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithms that solve the Byzantine Generals problem, such as PBFT (Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm). In addition, distributed consensus algorithms (Pasox, Raft) that solve non-Byzantine problems are not explained in this article. This type of algorithm is currently a commonly used consensus mechanism in alliance chain and private chain scenarios.
Taken together, POW is suitable for public chains. If you build a private chain, because there is no trust problem with verification nodes, POS can be more suitable; while the alliance chain consists ofWhen there are untrusted local nodes, it is more appropriate to use DPOS.
Blockchain technology----Incentive layer: Develop a "salary system" for accounting nodes
Core technology 7. Issuance mechanism and incentive mechanism:
Take Bitcoin as an example. Bitcoins are initially rewarded by the system to miners who create new blocks, and this reward is halved approximately every four years. At the beginning, miners were rewarded with 50 Bitcoins for each new block recorded, and this reward is halved approximately every four years. By analogy, by around AD 2140, newly created blocks will no longer receive rewards from the system. By then, the total number of Bitcoins will be approximately 21 million. This is the total number of Bitcoins, so it will not increase indefinitely.
Another source of incentives is transaction fees. When there are no system rewards for newly created blocks, the miners' income will change from system rewards to transaction fees. For example, when you transfer, you can specify 1% of it as a handling fee to be paid to the miner who records the block. If the output value of a transaction is less than the input value, the difference is the transaction fee, which will be added to the incentive for that block. As long as a given amount of electronic currency has entered circulation, the incentive mechanism can gradually be converted to rely entirely on transaction fees, so there is no need to issue new currency.
Blockchain technology----contract layer: giving the ledger programmable features
Core technology 8. Smart contract:
Smart contract is a set of programmed rules and logic that respond to scenarios. Implemented by decentralized, trusted shared script code deployed on the blockchain. Normally, after the smart contract is signed by all parties, it is attached to the blockchain data in the form of program code, and is recorded in a specific block of the blockchain after being propagated through the P2P network and verified by nodes. Smart contracts encapsulate a number of predefined states and transition rules, scenarios that trigger contract execution, response actions under specific scenarios, etc. The blockchain can monitor the status of smart contracts in real time, and activate and execute the contract by checking external data sources and confirming that specific trigger conditions are met.
The above is what blockchain technologies the editor has brought to you? All content introduced to the core technology of blockchain.