区块链的架构模型,区块链的架构主要分了六层,其中合约层封装了

区块链架构模型是一种把区块链技术应用到实际业务场景的模型，它主要分为六层：应用层、合约层、共识层、网络层、数据存储层和硬件层。在这六层中，合约层是区块链技术的核心，因此本文将着重介绍合约层所封装的三个关键词：智能合约、多重签名和去中心化应用。

智能合约是区块链技术的核心，它是一种自动执行的程序，可以在区块链网络上执行各种操作，如签发货币、记录交易数据等。智能合约可以被程序员编写，也可以使用现有的模板，只要符合区块链网络的要求，就可以在区块链上部署。智能合约的优势在于它可以自动执行，在执行过程中不会受到任何人的干预，这也是区块链技术的核心特点。

多重签名是一种多方协作的技术，它可以让多个参与者同时签署一份文件，以确保文件的安全性。多重签名的优势在于可以有效防止恶意篡改，从而保护参与者的利益。多重签名可以用来保护转账交易，也可以用来保护基于区块链的智能合约，以确保智能合约的执行过程不受到任何人的干预。

去中心化应用是一种基于区块链技术的应用，它可以让用户在不依赖中心化服务器的情况下进行交易和存储数据。去中心化应用的优势在于可以提高数据的安全性和可靠性，同时可以降低交易成本，提高交易效率。去中心化应用可以用来构建去中心化的社交网络、去中心化的支付系统和去中心化的数据存储系统等，从而让用户可以自由地使用这些应用。

以上就是区块链架构模型中合约层封装的三个关键词：智能合约、多重签名和去中心化应用的介绍，这三个关键词是区块链技术的核心，可以让用户更加安全、高效地使用区块链技术。

❶ What is the model architecture of blockchain?

Currently, there is a wide range of blockchain training courses on the market, with various course contents and teaching formats.

Blockchain

1. Introduction to programming basics

Computer software and hardware basics, character sets and character encodings, HTMLCSS (including HTML5CSS3), ECMABOMDOM, jQuery, node.js, Ajax and Express

2. Go programming language

Go basic syntax, process control, functions and data, error handling, Go object-oriented programming, Go concurrent programming, Go Network programming, Go security programming, Go advanced programming (goroutine, channel), database MySQL, LevelDB

3, Blockchain 1.0 - Bitcoin Bitcoin

Bitcoin principle, Bitcoin system architecture, cryptographic algorithm (implemented in Go language), consensus algorithm (implemented in Go language), Bitcoin transaction principles and transaction scripts, Bitcoin RPC programming (implemented by node.js), Bitcoin Minhra coin source code analysis

4. Blockchain 2.0 - Ethereum

The working principle and infrastructure of Ethereum, basic concepts of Ethereum (account, transaction, Gas), Ethereum wallet Mist and Metamask, Ethereum Forex trading, ERC20 standard Token development and deployment, developing IDE with Ethereum as a bridge - remix-ide, smart contracts and Solidity, Solidity deployment, backup and calling, framework technology: truffle and web3, DApp development practice, Geth

5. Blockchain 3.0 - Fabric of Hyperledger

Hyperledger project introduction, Fabric deployment and usage, Fabric configuration management, Fabric architecture design, Fabric CA application and configuration, application development Actual combat.

❷ The hierarchical structure of the blockchain (what is Layer0/1/2 of the blockchain)

The hierarchical structure is the basis for the data processing and operation of the blockchain.

In order to find a scalability solution for the blockchain, the blockchain referred to in the academic research field (usually in papers) is divided into three layers: Layer0, Layer1 and Layer2.

Usually, the blockchain system is mainly divided into six layers: application layer, incentive layer, consensus layer, network layer and data layer, which are mainly reflected in the early Bitcoin system. With the emergence of smart contracts, a contract layer was added between the application layer and the incentive layer, mainly reflected in the Ethereum system.

The content of each layer is shown in the figure above, but the technologies used in different specific systems may be different. For example, the consensus layer mainly completes the consensus between nodes, in addition to the proof of work mechanism (Proof of Work), as well as Proof of Stake and Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT).

The data layer, network layer, and consensus layer constitute the blockchain level. The underlying foundation is also the three essential elements of the blockchain. Without any one of them, it cannot be called a real blockchain technology.

The hierarchical structure of the blockchain corresponds to the OSI system 7 The comparison between the layer model and the TCP/IP 4-layer model is shown in the figure below.

If we focus on the four layers of TCP/IP, especially the "application layer" above, we will see , it is possible that the blockchain separates the application layer that was originally focused only on information transmission into a new layer dedicated to value transfer. Therefore, we can think of the TCP/IP four layers as split into five layers, dividing the blocks into The chain is regarded as a layer of TCP/IP: the value layer.

It is generally believed that Bitcoin, Ethereum, and EOS are representatives of blockchain 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0. If you look at their layers, Very interesting:

From Bitcoin to Ethereum, a contract layer was added. From Ethereum to EOS, due to the adoption of DPOS, the incentive layer was actually merged into the consensus layer. And EOS added two layers: ① Tool layer to make it easier to develop applications; ② Ecological layer, it is positioned as an open source software, so others can use its open source software to establish industry chains and domain chains.

Xu Zhong and Zou Chuanwei wrote a central bank working paper, discussing blockchain from an economics perspective and trying to provide a Token paradigm. Among them, they actually gave a layered model, this time internal and external layering: The inner layer is consensus, which is divided into: Token. Smart contracts and consensus algorithms; at the boundary of consensus and blockchain are other information within the blockchain; outside the boundary of blockchain are the Internet and the physical world.

In order to improve performance, some systems actually layer their distributed networks. That is, not all nodes are equal.
For example, the following is the layering of EOS.

In order to make blockchain useful, some people are discussing it from other perspectives. Zhu Feng of ENChain.Asia proposed the "Seven-layer Self-Organizing Business Model" in the BAO white paper. This model was quoted in the "Model and Practice of Token Economy" (0.2) report as the "Seven-layer Self-Organizing Business Model" Model".

However, it should be noted that the "incentive layer" here is similar to the incentive layer we usually call blockchain, but it is different. When we discussed the incentive layer before, we often discussed it from the perspective of the native tokens of the public chain, while the incentive layer here is discussed at the pass level.

In a December 2018 report "Construction and Analysis of the Four-Layer Application Model of Blockchain", Huobi Research Institute gave a four-layer application model, which is very interesting: < br />
References:
1. Ten years of blockchain: various layers
http://www.360doc.com/content/18/1211/10/ 53358875_800866301.shtml
2. How much do you know about the six hierarchical structures of blockchain? - Zhihu
https://zhuanlan.hu.com/p/98126049
3. Introduction to the six hierarchical structures of blockchain - Blockchain - Electronic Enthusiast Network
http://www.elecfans.com/blockchain/1138839.html

❸ What are the classifications of blockchain and what is the structure of the blockchain?

Blockchain The concept has been quite popular recently. It comes from the implementation of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, but now this technology has been gradually used in various fields. So do you know what the classifications of blockchain are? What is the structure of blockchain? Let’s follow us to find out more.
What are the classifications of blockchain?
1. Public Blockchains (PublicBlockChains)
Public Blockchain means: any individual or group in the world can send transactions, and the transactions can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate its consensus process. The public blockchain is the earliest blockchain, and it is also the most widely used blockchain at present. The virtual digital currencies of all major bitcoins series are based on the public blockchain. There is one and only one corresponding to this currency in the world. Blockchain.
2. Consortium (Industry) Blockchain (ConsortiumBlockChains)
Industry Blockchain: Multiple preselected nodes are designated within a certain group as bookkeepers, and the generation of each block is jointly performed by all preselected nodes. Decision (pre-selected nodes participate in the consensus process), other access nodes can participate in transactions, but do not participate in the accounting process (essentially still managed accounting, but become distributed accounting, how many slag points are pre-selected, how to decide each The bookkeeper of each block becomes the main risk point of the blockchain), and anyone else can conduct limited queries through the open API of the blockchain.
3. Private Blockchain (privateBlockChains)
Private Blockchain: Only uses the general ledger technology of the blockchain for accounting. It can be a company or an individual, and has exclusive access to the writing of the blockchain. With access permissions, this chain is not much different from other distributed storage solutions. At present (Dec2015), conservative giants (traditional finance) want to experiment with private blockchains, while public chain applications such as Bitcoin have been industrialized, and private chain application products are still being explored.
4. Sidechain (Sidechain)
Sidechain is a blockchain used to confirm data from other blockchains. Through the two-way peg (TwoWayPeg) mechanism, various assets such as Bitcoin and Ripple coins can be Transfers are realized on different blockchains at a certain exchange rate.
What is the structure of blockchain?
1. Basic network layer: The basic network layer consists of a data layer and a network layer. The data layer includes underlying data blocks and related data encryption and timestamp technologies; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, Data dissemination mechanism and data verification mechanism, etc.
2. Intermediate protocol layer: The intermediate protocol layer consists of a consensus layer, an incentive layer, and a contract layer. The consensus layer mainly includes various consensus algorithms of network nodes.; The incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly includes various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, which is the basis of the programmable features of the blockchain .
3. Extension layer: This layer is similar to a computer driver and is designed to make blockchain products more practical. There are currently two categories. One is various trading markets, which are important channels for exchanging fiat currencies for cryptocurrency. They are simple to implement, get money quickly, and have low costs, but the risks are also high. The second is the expansion implementation in a certain direction. For example, based on the Yishu side chain, it can provide customized services for third-party publishing organizations, forum websites and other content producers.
4. Application service layer: As the most important link in the blockchain industry chain, the application service layer includes various application scenarios and cases of blockchain, including programmable currency, programmable finance and programmable society.
The above are the blockchain classifications brought to you by the editor? What is the structure of blockchain? of the entire content.

❹ What are the three levels in the blockchain technology architecture

The three levels in the blockchain technology are as follows:

Protocol layer< /p>

The so-called protocol layer refers to the lowest level technology. This level is usually a complete blockchain product, similar to the operating system of our computer. It maintains network nodes and only provides APIs for calling. Usually the official will provide a simple client (commonly known as a wallet). The function of this client wallet is also very simple. It can only create an address, verify the signature, transfer payment, check the balance, etc.

Extension layer

This layer is similar to a computer driver and is designed to make blockchain products more practical.

The application layer

This level is similar to various software programs in computers. It is a product that ordinary people can use directly. It can also be understood as a B/S architecture. The browser side of the product. Applications at this level are currently almost blank.

❺ Blockchain architecture design

As an implementation of architectural design, blockchain is quite different from basic languages ​​or platforms. Blockchain is the technology behind cryptocurrency. It is one of the popular technologies currently on par with VR and virtual reality. It is not a new technology in itself. It is similar to Ajax. It can be said that it is a technical architecture, so we would like to let Bian follow the architecture design. Let’s talk about the technical implementation of blockchain from the perspective of Sui Que. No matter what programming language you are good at, you can refer to this design to implement a blockchain product. At the same time, we will sort out the related knowledge maps and systems to help everyone study and research systematically.

In terms of architectural design, blockchain can be simply divided into three levels, the protocol layer, the sliding dust extension layer and the application layer. Among them, the protocol layer can be divided into the storage layer and the network layer, which are independent of each other but inseparable.

❻ What is the architectural model of blockchain technology

Starting from the essence of Liang Hanzhi’s blockchain, looking at it from the perspective of developmentIn anticipation of the future development of the blockchain architecture and architecture, we will focus on the main business and technical capabilities and provide a comprehensive and highly summarized blockchain architecture model.

This is a high-level architecture model for chain contract services, which reflects the future ability to realize highly automated, intelligent, fair and contract-abiding virtual social production relations based on blockchain.