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区块链追溯数据架构包括,区块链追溯数据架构是什么

发布时间:2023-12-12-06:41:00 来源:网络 比特币基础 区块   架构   数据

区块链追溯数据架构包括,区块链追溯数据架构是什么

区块链追溯数据架构是一种结合了区块链技术和追溯技术的新型架构,它可以帮助企业实现从原材料和产品的生产、运输、销售到消费者的购买,全程可追溯的追溯体系。下面我们来聊一聊三个与区块链追溯数据架构相关的关键词,分别是:区块链技术、追溯技术、供应链金融。

区块链技术:区块链技术是一种分布式数据库技术,它将数据存储在数据块中,这些数据块构成一个分布式数据库,并通过密码学技术有效地保护数据的安全性和完整性。区块链技术可以实现数据的可追溯性和可追溯性,可以帮助企业实现数据的可追溯性和可追溯性,从而提高企业的管理水平和效率。

追溯技术:追溯技术是一种用于收集、存储和分析产品信息的技术。它可以跟踪产品的生产、运输和销售,从而提高企业的管理水平和效率,并有效地确保产品的质量和安全性。追溯技术可以帮助企业实现数据的可追溯性和可追溯性,从而提高企业的管理水平和效率。

供应链金融:供应链金融是一种以供应链管理为核心的金融服务,它可以帮助企业更好地管理供应链资源,提高企业的经济效益。供应链金融可以帮助企业实现数据的可追溯性和可追溯性,从而提高企业的管理水平和效率。此外,供应链金融还可以帮助企业提高供应链的可控性,有效地控制供应链风险,从而提高企业的经济效益。

以上就是关于区块链追溯数据架构的三个关键词:区块链技术、追溯技术和供应链金融的介绍。区块链追溯数据架构可以帮助企业实现从原材料和产品的生产、运输、销售到消费者的购买,全程可追溯的追溯体系,从而提高企业的管理水平和效率。


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A. Speaking of blockchain traceability technology, what is this?

Blockchain traceability is a technology that is used in many fields and many companies will use it. This technology is used to detect the source of goods to reassure consumers.
The information in the blockchain cannot be tampered with, that is to say, the information recorded on the blockchain can be used to achieve the goal of traceability as long as the source is correct.
Generally, this technology is mostly used in commodity traceability. Blockchain traceability technology can be learned in Crypto Finance.

B. What is the architecture of blockchain?

First of all, you need to know that blockchain is a new application of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Model, secondly, Jinwowo Group believes that the structure of the blockchain system is composed of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer.

1. Data layer: encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related data encryption and timestamp technologies

2. Network layer: includes distributed networking mechanisms, Data dissemination mechanism and data verification mechanism, etc.;

3. Consensus layer: mainly encapsulates various consensus algorithms of network nodes; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including economic Incentive issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism, etc.;

4. Contract layer: It mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the basis for the programmable features of the blockchain; currently Jinwowo in Southwest China has It took the lead in starting big data research with blockchain as the underlying technology, and also provides big data services with blockchain as the underlying technology.

5. Application layer: It encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology

C. What exactly is blockchain

What exactly is blockchain? In essence, blockchain is a distributed, decentralized network database system that will make the storage, update, maintenance, and operation of data different. Blockchain has four indispensable core technologies, namely: distributed storage, consensus mechanism, cryptography principles, and smart contracts.

Then let’s talk about how blockchain is different from traditional data processing to help everyone understand what blockchain is and give everyone a general understanding of blockchain. Cognition.

1. Data storage in blockchain: block chain data structure

In terms of data storage, blockchain technology utilizes "block chain data structure" To verify and store data.

What does the blockchain structure mean? Everyone has seen the iron chain, one link inside the other.That, in fact, each link can be regarded as a block, and many links are linked together to form a blockchain.

How does this so-called "iron chain" store data? To put it simply, the difference between blockchain and ordinary stored data is that on blockchain, the data in the next block includes the data in the previous block.

Take reading as an example: when we read a book, we finish page 1, then page 2, page 3...
What about in the blockchain? If each block is marked with a page number, then the content on page 2 contains the content on page 1, the content on page 3 contains the content on page 1 and page 2...Page 10 contains The content of the first 9 pages is such a chain nested layer by layer. In this way, the most original data can be traced back. This is the traceability of the blockchain.

The "blockchain data structure" of blockchain makes it traceable, which is naturally suitable for many fields, such as: food traceability, drug traceability, etc. In this way, the probability of tainted milk powder, fake vaccines, and fake and substandard food incidents will be greatly reduced, because once a problem occurs, through traceability, we can clearly know which link caused the problem, and accountability and recovery will be clearer.

2. Data update in the blockchain: distributed node consensus algorithm

In terms of data update, blockchain technology uses the "distributed node consensus algorithm" to Generate and update data.

Every time a new block is generated (that is, when data is updated), an algorithm needs to be used to obtain the approval of more than 51% of the nodes in the entire network to form a new block. To put it bluntly, it is a vote, and it can be generated if more than half of the people agree, which makes the data on the blockchain non-tamperable.

Why do you say that? Let’s make an analogy: we compare the blockchain to a ledger, because it records data. In the traditional world, the bookkeeping power lies with the bookkeeper, and the ledger belongs to the bookkeeper alone. So in the blockchain, everyone owns this account book. If you want to update the account, you must vote. Only if more than half of the people agree can you update the account data.

In this process, we will involve several terms: distributed, node, consensus algorithm. These terms are actually very easy to understand:

Everyone Accounting (that is, everyone has a ledger, and the ledger is scattered in everyone's hands) is the so-called "distributed";

The accounting method that everyone discusses, votes for, and unanimously agrees on is The so-called "consensus algorithm";

Every person participating in accounting is a so-called "node".

3. Data maintenance in blockchain: cryptography

In the data maintenance stage, the difference of blockchain is that it uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access.

The cryptographic principles applied in the blockchain mainly include: hash algorithm, Merkle hash tree, elliptic curve algorithm, and Base58. These principles actually ensure data security on the blockchain through a series of complex operations and conversions.

4. Data operations in the blockchain: smart contracts

A smart contract is a commitment agreement defined and automatically executed by a computer program. To put it bluntly, it is executed with code A set of transaction rules, similar to the current automatic repayment function of credit cards. If you turn this function on, you don't have to worry about anything. The bank will automatically deduct the money you owe when it expires.

The outstanding advantage of smart contracts is that they largely avoid a series of problems caused by trust.
Many of us have encountered the situation of being borrowed money: a friend who is short of money borrows 2,000 yuan from you and promises to pay back the money after the salary is paid next month, but next month he finds other excuses. Also, dragging it around would be pointless. We didn't have much money, but we were still friends. Even though you were depressed, let it go.

Then, after having a smart contract, he cannot default on his debt, because in the smart contract, once the terms in the contract are triggered, the code will automatically execute, whether he wants it or not, as long as he sends Once you have earned your salary and have money in your account, he has to pay you back.

To summarize the contents of this section, there are four indispensable core technologies in the blockchain, namely: distributed storage, consensus mechanism, cryptography principles, and smart contracts.

We can understand it this way: distributed storage corresponds to the data storage stage, the consensus mechanism corresponds to the data processing and update stage, cryptography corresponds to data security, and smart contracts correspond to data operational issues.

D. Let you quickly understand the technical model architecture of blockchain in 1 minute

Blockchain technology is not a single technology, but the integration and innovation of multiple technologies The result is essentially a weakly centered, self-reliant underlying architecture technology.
The blockchain technical model includes the data information layer, the consensus layer of the transmission layer, the incentive layer, the contract layer and the network layer from top to bottom. Each layer has an important role, and different levels cooperate with each other to build a value transfer system that goes to the management center.

The characteristics of the data information layer are that it cannot be forged, fully backed up data, and completely fair (data information, management permissions, encoding), and its algorithm design is a blockchain, including blockchain headers and blocks material. The blockchain header consists of three groups of blockchain databases, one group of databasesis the parent blockchain hash, used to connect this block to the previous block in the blockchain; the second set of databases is the Merkle root, an algorithm used to effectively summarize all transactions in the blockchain Design; the three sets of databases are the difficulty target, time format and Nonce related to the production blockchain.

The transport layer encapsulates technologies such as P2P network mechanism, dissemination and authentication mechanism. In the transport layer, new transactions are broadcast to major websites. Each node will include the received transaction information in a blockchain, and each node will try to add it to its own blockchain. Find a proof of workload with sufficient difficulty. When a node finds a proof of workload (qualified to package the blockchain), it broadcasts the program (newly packaged blockchain) to major websites. When And only if all transactions included in the block are valid and have not existed before, other nodes will recognize the validity of the block, and the way to express acceptance is to follow the block. At the end of the block, a new block is created to add to the chain, and any hash of the accepted block is treated as any hash of the new block.

The consensus layer encapsulates various consensus algorithms of nodes, which is the key technology of the blockchain, because this determines the formation of the blockchain, and the accounting decision-making method may affect the entire system. Software safety and stability. At present, more than ten consensus mechanism algorithms have been produced, among which the well-known ones are the proof-of-work mechanism (POW), the easy-to-use Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm (PBFT), the proof-of-interest mechanism (POS), and the equity authorization proof mechanism.

The encouragement layer includes an offering system and an incentive system. Simply put, the incentive system is to encourage nodes to participate in maintaining the optimal operation of the blockchain system in a balanced economic manner, to avoid falsification of the general ledger, and to maintain the driving force for the operation of the blockchain network in the long term.

The contract layer has the characteristics of a programmable controller, which mainly includes smart contracts, consensus algorithms, scripting, and coding. It is the basis for the characteristics of a blockchain programmable controller. Insert the code into the blockchain or dynamic password to implement a customizable smart contract, and under certain specific constraints, it can be executed automatically without going through a third party, which is trustworthy in the blockchain. Basic.
The network layer encapsulates various application fields and examples of blockchain, which is very similar to computer applications and portals on computer browsers. It deploys blockchain core technologies on things such as Ethereum. , EOS and implemented in practice.

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E. What is the model architecture of blockchain

Blockchain technology is not a single It is an innovative technology, but the result of integrated innovation of multiple technologies. Its essence is a weakly centered, confidentAny underlying architecture technology. Compared with traditional Internet technology, its technical principles and model architecture are a major innovation. Here, we will analyze the basic technical model of blockchain.

Model diagram

The blockchain technology model includes data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer from bottom to top. . Each layer has a core function, and different layers cooperate with each other to jointly build a decentralized value transmission system

The data layer is the lowest level interpretation architecture of the blockchain, which uses public and private keys. The combined asymmetric encryption technology uses hash functions to ensure that information is not tampered with. It also uses chain structure, timestamp technology, Merkle tree and other technologies to process data blocks, so that the old and new blocks can be Mutual links and mutual verification are the basis for the safe and stable operation of the blockchain.

The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is the only "blockchain technology" approved by the "Smart Learning Workshop 2020- Xueshuo Innovation Workstation" carried out by the School Planning and Construction Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China. Professional” pilot workstation. The professional base is based on providing students with diversified growth paths, promoting the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and building an applied and compound talent training system.

F. How to implement query and search on blockchain data

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. . The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm in the blockchain system that enables different nodes to establish trust and obtain rights and interests.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and Unforgeable distributed ledger.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data mastery. Security of transmission and access, a new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm that utilizes smart contracts composed of automated script code to program and manipulate data.

Generally speaking, the blockchain system consists of the data layer, network layer, consensus allocation layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer working together to complete the query and search of data.

G. What does the blockchain industry architecture include?

The architecture model of blockchain technology is as follows:

1. Data layer< /p>

The data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related data encryption and timestamp technologies;

2. Network layer

< p>The network layer includes distributed networking mechanism, data dissemination mechanism and data verification mechanism, etc.;

3. TotalConsensus layer

The consensus layer mainly encapsulates various consensus algorithms of network nodes;

4. Incentive layer

Incentive layer Integrate economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives;

5. Contract layer

The contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the basis for the programmable features of the blockchain;

6. Application layer

Application layer It encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of blockchain.

H. What is the six-layer model of the blockchain?

The blockchain has a total of six levels of structure. These six levels of structure from bottom to top are: data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer, and application layer.
1. Data Layer
The data layer is the bottom layer of the six-level structure of the blockchain. We can understand the data layer as a database, but for blockchain, this database is an immutable and distributed database, which is what we call a "distributed ledger".
On the data layer, that is, on this "distributed ledger", the data information on the blockchain is stored, encapsulating the blockchain structure of the block, asymmetric encryption technology, hash algorithm and other technologies Means to ensure the security of data when it is disclosed to the entire network. The specific approach is:
On the blockchain network, nodes use consensus algorithms to maintain the consistency of data in the data layer (that is, this distributed database), using asymmetric encryption and hash algorithms in cryptography. , to ensure that this distributed database cannot be tampered with and is traceable.
This constitutes the lowest level data structure in blockchain technology. However, it is not enough to have a distributed database. The data information in the database also needs to be shared and exchanged. Next, we introduce the upper layer of the data layer - the network layer.
2. Network layer
The network system of the blockchain is essentially a P2P (point-to-point) network. Point-to-point means that there is no need for an intermediate link or centralized server to control the system. Everything in the network Resources and services are allocated to each node, and information can be transmitted directly between the two nodes. However, it should be noted that P2P
(peer-to-peer) was not invented by Satoshi Nakamoto. Blockchain just incorporates this technology.
So, the network layer of the blockchain is actually a particularly powerful peer-to-peer network system. In this system, each node can both produce and receive information, just like sending emails. You can write your own emails or receive emails sent to you by others.
On the blockchain network, nodes need to jointly maintain the blockchain system. Whenever a node creates a new block, it needs to notify other nodes in the form of broadcast, and other nodes receive After the information is verified, the block is thenCreate new blocks on the basis of. In this way, the entire network can jointly maintain and update the general ledger of the blockchain system.
However, what rules should the entire network follow to maintain and update the general ledger of the blockchain system? This involves the so-called "laws and regulations" (rules), which is what we will introduce next: the consensus layer.
3. Consensus Layer
In the world of blockchain, consensus, simply put, means that the entire network must maintain and update the general ledger of the blockchain system according to a unified and agreed-upon rule. Similar to the rules for updating data. Allowing highly dispersed nodes to efficiently reach consensus in a decentralized blockchain network is one of the core technologies of the blockchain and is also the governance mechanism of the blockchain community.
The current mainstream consensus mechanism algorithms include: Bitcoin's Proof of Work (POW), Ethereum's Proof of Stake
(POS), EOS's Delegated Proof of Stake (DPOS), etc.
We have now introduced the data layer, network layer, and consensus layer. These three layers ensure that there is data and network on the blockchain, and there are rules for updating data on the network. However, there is no free lunch in the world. How to make it happen? Nodes can actively participate in the maintenance of the blockchain system. This involves incentives, which is what we will introduce below: the incentive layer.
4. Incentive Layer
The incentive layer is the so-called mining mechanism. The mining mechanism can actually be understood as an incentive mechanism: how much you contribute to the blockchain system, how much reward you can get. Using this incentive mechanism, nodes across the entire network can be encouraged to participate in data recording and maintenance on the blockchain.
The mining mechanism and the consensus mechanism are actually the same. The consensus mechanism can be understood as the company's general rules and regulations, and the mining mechanism can be understood as, within this general rules and regulations, what you have done can What kind of reward you get, this kind of reward rules.
Just like Bitcoin’s consensus mechanism PoW, its stipulation is that the more work you do, the more you get. Whoever can find the correct hash value first can get a certain amount of Bitcoin rewards;
And Ethereum PoS stipulates that the longer who holds the currency, the greater the probability of receiving rewards.
It should be noted that the incentive layer is generally only available in public chains, because public chains must rely on nodes across the entire network to jointly maintain data, so there must be such an incentive mechanism to encourage nodes throughout the network to participate in the blockchain system. Construction and maintenance to ensure the security and reliability of the blockchain system.
The blockchain is safe and reliable, but it is not smart enough, right? The contract layer we will introduce below can make the blockchain system more intelligent.
5. Contract Layer
The contract layer mainly includes various scripts, codes, algorithm mechanisms and smart contracts, and is the basis for blockchain programmability. The "smart contract" we are talking about belongs to the contract layer.
If the Bitcoin system is not smart enough, then the "smart contracts" proposed by Ethereum can satisfy many application scenarios.scene. The principle of the contract layer is mainly to embed code into the blockchain system and use this method to implement customizable smart contracts. In this way, on the blockchain system, once the terms of the smart contract are triggered, the system can automatically execute the order.
6. Application Layer
The last is the application layer. The application layer is very simple. As the name suggests, it is the various application scenarios and cases of blockchain. The "blockchain+" we are talking about now is the so-called application layer. The blockchain applications that have been implemented so far are mainly various blockchain applications built on public chains such as ETH and EOS. There are many gambling and game applications, and truly practical applications have not yet appeared.

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