区块链的区块大小是什么意思啊,区块链的区块大小是什么意思呀

区块链的区块大小是指每一个区块的大小，它是一种分布式账本技术，它可以记录所有的交易信息，以及安全性和可靠性。每一个区块大小的大小对于区块链的性能有着重要的影响。今天，我们就来聊聊区块链的区块大小是什么意思啊。

数据存储：每一个区块都可以存储大量的数据，每一个区块的大小可以根据不同的应用场景而定。一般来说，比特币的区块大小是1MB，而以太坊的区块大小是2MB。

通信带宽：区块链的区块大小也会影响网络的通信带宽。一般来说，区块大小越大，通信带宽就越大，而且数据传输的速度也会更快。但是，过大的区块大小也会导致网络的延迟，影响网络的性能。

安全性：区块链的区块大小还会影响它的安全性。一般来说，区块大小越大，就越容易受到攻击，因为攻击者可以利用大量的数据来破坏网络。所以，区块链的区块大小也是一个重要的考虑因素。

总之，区块链的区块大小是一个很重要的概念，它会影响网络的数据存储、通信带宽和安全性，所以在使用区块链技术时，应该仔细考虑每一个区块大小的大小。
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『一』What is the meaning of "block" in blockchain?

"Blockchain is equivalent to this ledger, and a block is equivalent to a part of this ledger. page, the information carried in the block is the transaction content recorded on this page. The blockchain is piece by piece, and each block is filled with transaction records. When connected together, they form a chain, which is the blockchain."< /p>

Take Bitcoin as an example. There is a "computing power competition" about every ten minutes to compete for the right to keep accounts. It's like saying that your computing power is awesome and you can calculate more, just like your muscles are stronger and you can beat better. Everyone obeys you and lets you keep this account, that is, write a block to the general ledger of the blockchain ( Note that it is not the rights of the content in the block). However, it should be noted that computing power can only determine the probability of winning the competition. It's like saying that there are a total of several lottery tickets. Those with more computing power can buy more to increase the probability of winning. However, those who buy more may not necessarily win in the end.

Blockchain is a chain of data blocks guaranteed by such computing power. Starting from the first block, each block collects data according to certain rules, and then attaches a value to the data so that the result of the formed data block after similar one-way function calculation falls within a certain range. By estimating the computing power of the entire network and controlling the size of the result range, we ensure that data blocks that meet the requirements can be found within a long enough time. This calculation result will be included in the next block, and the chained data structure formed in this way is called a blockchain.

Each small ledger is called a block, and each different blockchain protocol (generating different cryptocurrencies) will specify the size of each block (originally Bitcoin is 1M) and the ledger composition area Blocks form a linked list, and the header of the block contains the hash value of the previous block. This is the blockchain. In this way, no one can modify the content or exchange the order at will. If you do this, it means you need to recalculate all special numbers.

Regulations allow everyone in the world to build blocks. Everyone who creates a new block (finds this special number - the SHA256 value has 30 zeros) can get a reward. For the people (miners) who create the new block:

1. No Sender information, no signature required

2. Each new block will add new virtual (encrypted) currency to the entire currency

3. The process of creating a new block is also called For "mining": it requires a lot of work and can inject new currency into the entire economy

4. The job of mining is to: accept transaction information, build blocks, broadcast blocks, and then Get new money as a reward

For each miner, each block is like a small lottery, and everyone is trying to guess the numbers quickly until one lucky person finds a special number. If the hash value of the entire block has many zeros at the beginning, you will be rewarded. I remember a Zhihu answerer gave a vivid metaphor, blockchainJust like a king who has a beautiful and flowery daughter (block), many young people are eagerly waiting for it, and the king's method is to ask all the young people to calculate (learning changes life), who can calculate faster ( It may also be good luck in the process of calculating the hash value) and you will be able to embrace the beauty.

For users who want to use this system to send and receive payments, they do not need to listen to all transactions, but only to listen to the miners Just use the block they broadcast and then update it to the blockchain you saved

The "block" can also be imagined as a box, with some digital currencies and a small card placed in the block. The small note records the only transaction information that occurred within these ten minutes, for example - "Little A transferred 100 yuan to Little B"; of course, this information must have been encrypted. , in order to ensure that only Little A and Little B (through the keys in their hands) have the ability to decipher the real content inside.

After this magical block was created, it was quickly buried underground. As for where it was buried? No one does not know that it is possible to find (find an effective proof of work) only after all computer nodes participate in it and dig deep. Obviously, this is an event with a huge workload and random results. However, for the computer node, once the block is dug out from the ground, he will obtain the valuable digital currency in the block, as well as the tip paid by Little A in the process of "Little A transferred 100 yuan to Little B" . At the same time, for this node, only he has the right to actually record the contents of the small note. This is an honor, while other nodes can only use its copy, a copy that is no longer blessed by digital currency. . Of course, there are some other very special features of this magical block.

The process of digging out blocks from the ground by computer nodes is called "mining". As I just said, this is a job. It’s something that involves huge amounts of money, a lot of luck, but huge returns. A node from Zhangheng Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China suddenly jumped out and said excitedly: "I dug the block! The small notes inside are all valid! The reward is mine!". Although the Zhang Heng Road node has obtained the digital currency at this moment, for other computer nodes, because there are other interests involved, they will not choose to believe what the Zhang Heng Road node says by default; based on the mutual distrust of strange nodes In principle, they took the block (copy) so-called mined by Zhang Henglu node and began to verify whether the information on the small note in the block was true and valid, etc. In the blockchain world, nodes verify the accuracy of information on small notes, or indirectly or directly determine whether the node that successfully mined the block is lying. (How to define the authenticity and validity of small note information will be explained later, so I won’t go into details here). During the verification process, each node will directly express its recognition (accuracy) and attitude towards the Zhang Heng Road node through the following two actions: stopping half or even 80% of the mining process; successfully mining the Zhang Heng Road node out of the block (copy) is appended to the end of its own blockchain. You may be a little confused: if you stop, you may have performed 80% of the mining activities, so wouldn’t 80% of the previous work have been in vain? ! Then, what the hell is at the end of the blockchain? Regarding the first confusion. I want to say that what you said is absolutely correct, but there is no way. The reality is so cruel. Even if you have done 80% of the work, you have to give up. This 80% of the work can almost be regarded as wasted work and an absolute waste of money and labor. . The second confusion is, what is the blockchain and the end of the blockchain? This is not explained clearly in advance, but you can simply imagine: blocks are periodically generated and mined, and a computer node may have executed "take blocks from others" N times in advance - > The process of "verifying the validity of small notes" must have already stored N blocks on its own node, and these blocks will be neatly arranged in a chain in chronological order. Yes, this chain is the blockchain you have always thought of. If you still don't understand, it doesn't matter. There will be many opportunities to study in depth later in the article.

Enter the microscopic world of the block to find out what the small note is, its origin and its lifelong mission: when initiating a transaction, initiate The person will receive a small note, and he needs to write the transaction record on the paper, such as "Stealing transfer of 40 yuan to Zhang San". Miraculously, the moment you finish writing, the transaction record will be automatically formatted on the back of the note to include at least two important fields: "input value" and "output value"; "input value" is In order to record the valid source of digital currency, the "output value" records the object to which the digital currency is sent. The note just created was immediately marked as an "unconfirmed" note. A small piece of paper that successfully mines a block from the ground and is eventually connected to the blockchain will initially be marked as "valid." If this valid small note is used as the input value of other transactions, then this valid small note will soon be marked as "invalid". For various reasons, blocks are disconnected and discarded from the chain. The small slips of paper that were once marked as "valid" in this block will be re-marked as "unconfirmed". There is no concept of account balance in the blockchain. The digital assets you really own are actually a piece of transaction information; you can know the balance in your digital wallet through simple addition and subtraction operations. The above 1, 2, and 3 are just the knowledge points forcefully instilled in you at the beginning of the conclusion. Some of the descriptions may be a bit confusing and make you feel confused. Only by understanding the overall blockchain can you have a more comprehensive understanding. Therein lies the mystery.

Block capacity, when Bitcoin was created, or stipulated in the source code, the block capacity was 1M. The reason why it was originally designed as 1M was to prevent DOS attacks. On the other hand, when Satoshi Nakamoto created the blockchain, the capacity was 32M, but he changed the block capacity to 1M through an inconspicuous Commit with the description "Clear up". In order to prevent the blockchain from volumeGrowth is too fast, adding some mystery to the issue of block capacity. A capacity of 1M means that the maximum number of transactions that Bitcoin can process is about 2,400 (486,882 is very close to the size of block 1,034.39).

Blockchain, to put it bluntly, is a small notebook for distributed accounting, a tool for accounting, and is based on the technology of cryptography. Once the data is traded Recorded on the blockchain, the data cannot be tampered with or denied. The Internet is the transmission of value, and the blockchain is the transmission of trust. Under the premise of blockchain technology as a credit endorsement, each node in the blockchain changes from a single center to a unified multi-center with multiple parties participating. Transaction transmission can be realized without the participation of third-party institutions, and efficiency is improved.

『二』What does the block in the blockchain mean?

Blockchain is a new type of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Application mode.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

『三』What does blockchain mean and what are its main uses

In recent years, a hot word has appeared frequently on the Internet, and that is "blockchain". This word It gives people a very noble and powerful feeling, but many people don’t know what blockchain means? And what are the main uses of blockchain? Let’s take a look at the relevant content that has been issued.

Blockchain Blockchain is actually equivalent to a disintermediated database, which is composed of a string of rubber data blocks. Each of its data blocks contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information and generate the next block. In other words, blockchain is essentially a decentralized database.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order and is cryptographically guaranteed. Distributed ledger that cannot be tampered with or forged. Broadly speaking, blockchain is actually a distributed infrastructure and computing method that is used to ensure the security of data transmission and access.

In addition, the blockchain is composed of six infrastructures: data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. Regarding its role, blockchain is mainly used to solve the trust and security issues of transactions. The above is the relevant content about the meaning and function of blockchain. I hope it can help friends in need.

『四』How to popularizeExplaining Blockchain

“Blockchain technology is considered to be the next generation of disruptive core technology after steam engines, electricity, and the Internet. If steam engines release people’s productivity, electricity solves people’s basic needs. To meet the needs of life, the Internet has completely changed the way information is transmitted. As a machine for building trust, blockchain may completely change the way value is transmitted in the entire human society."

I have just come into contact with the blockchain. There are too many basic knowledge that need to be understood and known. Don’t worry, today I will popularize this knowledge for you. Today, let’s first take a look at what public chains, private chains, alliance chains, and side chains are.

『五』What does area block mean?

Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. In essence, it is a shared database, and the data or information stored in it has the characteristics of "unforgeable", "full traces left", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collectively maintained".

Each block contains the cryptographic hash of the previous block, the corresponding timestamp, and transaction data (usually represented by a hash value calculated using the Merkle tree algorithm), like this The design makes the block content difficult to tamper with. Distributed ledgers connected by blockchain technology can effectively record transactions between two parties and permanently verify the transaction.

At present, the biggest application of blockchain technology is digital currency, such as the invention of Bitcoin. Because the essence of payment is to "add the reduced amount in account A to account B." If people have a public ledger that records all transactions of all accounts to date, then for any account, people can calculate the amount of money it currently holds.

The blockchain is precisely the public account book used to achieve this purpose, which saves all transaction records. In the Bitcoin system, the Bitcoin address is equivalent to the account, and the number of Bitcoins is equivalent to the amount.

(5) What does the block size of the blockchain mean? Reading:

Conceptual Definition

From a technological perspective, blockchain involves many scientific and technical issues such as mathematics, cryptography, Internet and computer programming. From an application perspective, simply put, blockchain is a distributed shared ledger and database, which has the characteristics of decentralization, non-tampering, full traceability, traceability, collective maintenance, openness and transparency.

These characteristics ensure the "honesty" and "transparency" of the blockchain and lay the foundation for the blockchain to create trust. The rich application scenarios of blockchain are basically based on the ability of blockchain to solve the problem of information asymmetry and achieve collaborative trust and consistent action among multiple subjects.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. districtBlockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin.

It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of The information of Bitcoin network transactions is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

In the original English version of the Bitcoin white paper, the word blockchain does not actually appear, but chain of blocks is used. In the earliest Chinese translation of the Bitcoin white paper, chain of blocks was translated into blockchain. This is the earliest time when the Chinese word "blockchain" appeared.

The Cyberspace Administration of China issued the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" on January 10, 2019, which will come into effect on February 15, 2019.

As an important breakthrough for independent innovation of core technologies, the security risk of blockchain is regarded as a major shortcoming that currently restricts the healthy development of the industry. Frequent security incidents have sounded the alarm for the industry. To embrace blockchain, we need to accelerate the exploration and establishment of a security system that adapts to the blockchain technology mechanism.

『Lu』 What is a block?

In blockchain technology, valuable information is permanently stored in the form of data. Next, these carriers used to store data information are called blocks. Technically speaking, a block is a data structure that records transactions and reflects the flow of funds for a transaction. Blocks are arranged in chronological order. Each block records the transaction information that occurred during its creation. All blocks are linked in an orderly manner to form a "general ledger", and each block can be used as a page in the general ledger. .

Each block contains elements:

①The ID of this block;

②Several transaction orders;

③ The ID of the previous block.

Block

In the Bitcoin system, a block is created every 10 minutes. This block records everything that happened during this period. trade. At the same time, each block contains the ID of the previous block, so the previous block can be found based on this ID, and so on, tracking the starting block (refer to the genesis block), thus generating a complete The transaction chain forms a blockchain.

The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is the only "blockchain technology" approved by the "Smart Learning Workshop 2020- Xueshuo Innovation Workstation" carried out by the School Planning and Construction Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China. Professional” pilot workstation. The professional base is based on providing students with diversified growth paths, promoting the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and building an applied and compound talent training system.

『撒』 108 knowledge points for getting started with blockchain

1. What is blockchain

The information of multiple transactions and the information indicating the block are packaged together. The verified package is the block.

Each block stores the hash value of the previous block, creating a relationship between blocks, that is to say, a chain. Together they are called blockchain.

2. What is Bitcoin

The concept of Bitcoin was proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009, with a total number of 21 million. The Bitcoin chain generates a block approximately every 10 minutes, and this block is mined by miners for 10 minutes. As a reward to miners, a certain number of Bitcoins will be issued to miners, but this certain number is halved every four years. Now it's 12.5. If this continues, all Bitcoins will be available in 2040.

3. What is Ethereum

The biggest difference between Ethereum and Bitcoin is the smart contract. This allows developers to develop and run various applications on it.

4. Distributed ledger

It is a database that is shared, replicated and synchronized among network members. To put it bluntly, all users on the blockchain have accounting functions and the content is consistent, which ensures that the data cannot be tampered with.

5. What is quasi-anonymity?

I believe everyone has a wallet, and the wallet address (a string of characters) used to send transactions is quasi-anonymity.

6． What is open transparency/traceability

The blockchain stores all data from history to the present, anyone can view it, and can also view any data in history.

7. What is tamper-proof

Historical data and current transaction data cannot be tampered with. The data is stored in the block on the chain and has a hash value. If the block information is modified, its hash value will also change, and the hash values ​​of all blocks following it must also be modified to form a new chain. At the same time, the main chain is still conducting transactions to generate blocks. The modified chain must always generate blocks synchronously with the main chain to ensure that the length of the chain is the same. The cost is too high, just to modify a piece of data.

8. What is anti-DDoS attack

DDoS: Hackers control many people’s computers or mobile phones and allow them to access a website at the same time. Since the bandwidth of the server is limited, a large amount of traffic The influx of data may cause the website to fail to function properly, resulting in losses. However, the blockchain is distributed and there is no central server. If one node fails, other nodes will not be affected. Theoretically, if more than 51% of the nodes are attacked, problems will occur.

9. Definition of main chain

Compared withTaking Bitcoin as an example, at a certain point in time, a block is mined by two miners at the same time, and then the chain that generates 6 blocks first is the main chain

10. Single chain/multi-chain

Single chain refers to the data structure that handles everything on one chain. The core essence of the multi-chain structure is composed of public chain + N sub-chains. There is only one, but in theory there can be countless sub-chains, and each sub-chain can run one or more DAPP systems

11. Public chain/alliance chain/private chain

Public Chain: Everyone can participate in the blockchain

Alliance chain: Only alliance members are allowed to participate in accounting and query

Private chain: Writing and viewing permissions are only controlled by one person In the hands of the organization.

12. Consensus layer, data layer, etc.

There are six overall structures of the blockchain: data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer, and application layer. Data layer: a layer that records data, belonging to the underlying technology; network layer: a structure for building a blockchain network, which determines how users are organized. Consensus layer: Provides a set of rules to allow everyone to reach agreement on the information received and stored. Incentive layer: Design incentive policies to encourage users to participate in the blockchain ecosystem; Contract layer: Generally refers to "smart contracts", which are a set of contract systems that can be automatically executed and written according to their own needs. Application layer: Applications on the blockchain, similar to mobile apps. Former Distributed Storage R&D Center

13. Timestamp

The timestamp refers to January 1, 1970 Day 0 hours 0 minutes 0 seconds 0... The total number of seconds from the current time to now, or the total number of nanoseconds and other very large numbers. Each block is generated with a timestamp indicating when the block was generated.

14． Block/block header/block body

Block is the basic unit of blockchain, and block header and block body are components of blockchain. The information contained in the block header includes the hash of the previous block, the hash of this block, timestamp, etc. The block body is the detailed data in the block.

15. Merkle tree

Merkle tree, also called binary tree, is a data structure for storing data. The bottom layer is the original data contained in all blocks, and the upper layer is each The hash value of a block, the hash value of this layer is combined in pairs to generate a new hash value, forming a new layer, and then upwards layer by layer, until a hash value is generated. Such a structure can be used to quickly compare large amounts of data, and you can quickly find the bottom-level historical data you want without downloading all the data.

16. What is Scaling?

One block of Bitcoin is as big asThe smallest one is about 1M and can save 4,000 transaction records. Expansion means making the block larger so that more data can be stored.

17. What is a chain?

Each block will save the hash of the previous block, creating a relationship between the blocks. This relationship is a chain. Data such as block transaction records and status changes are stored through this chain.

18. Block height

This is not the height mentioned in terms of distance. It refers to the total number of blocks between the block and the first block on the chain. This height indicates which block it is, and is just for identification purposes.

19. Fork

Two blocks were generated at the same time (the transaction information in the block is the same, but the hash value of the block is different), and then in Two chains are forked from these two blocks. Whoever generates 6 blocks from these two links first will be the main chain, and the other chain will be discarded.

20. Ghost Protocol

Mining pools with high computing power can easily generate blocks faster than mining machines with low computing power, resulting in most of the blocks on the blockchain being generated by these mining pools with high computing power. However, the blocks generated by mining machines with low computing power are not stored on the chain because they are slow, and these blocks will be invalid.

The ghost protocol allows blocks that should be invalidated to remain on the chain for a short time, and can also be used as part of the proof of work

. In this way, miners with small computing power will contribute more to the main chain, and large mining pools will not be able to monopolize the confirmation of new blocks.

21. Orphan blocks

As mentioned before, orphan blocks are blocks generated at the same time. One of them forms a chain, and the other does not form a chain. Then this block that does not form a chain is called an orphan block.

22. Uncle block

The orphan block mentioned above, through the ghost protocol, makes it part of the proof of work, then it will not be discarded and will be saved in the main chain superior. This block is the next

23 replay attack

The hacker resends the message that has been sent to the server. Sometimes this can deceive the server into multiple responses.

24. Directed acyclic graph

Also called data set DAG (directed acyclic graph), DAG is an ideal multi-chain data structure. Most of the blockchains mentioned now are single chains, that is, one block is connected to another block, and DAG is multiple blocks connected. The advantage is that several blocks can be generated at the same time, so the network can process a large number of transactions at the same time, and the throughput will definitely increase. But there are many shortcomings, currently in the research stage.

25. What is mining

The mining process is to perform a series of conversions, connections and hash operations on the above six fields, and continue to try them one by one. The random number you are looking for, and finally successfully find a random number that meets the conditions: the value after hashing is smaller than the hash value of the preset difficulty value, then the mining is successful, and the node can broadcast the area to neighboring nodes. block, neighboring nodes receive the block and perform the same operation on the above six fields to verify compliance, and then forward it to other nodes. Other nodes also use the same algorithm to verify. If there are 51% of nodes in the entire network If all verifications are successful, even if this block is truly "mined" successfully, each node will add this block to the end of the previous block, delete the list in the block that is the same as its own record, and resurrect again. the above process. Another thing to mention is that regardless of whether the mining is successful or not, each node will pre-record the reward of 50 Bitcoins and the handling fees of all transactions (total input-total output) in the first item of the transaction list (this is " The most fundamental purpose of "mining" is also the fundamental reason to ensure the long-term stable operation of the blockchain), the output address is the address of this node, but if the mining is unsuccessful, the transaction will be invalidated without any reward. Moreover, this transaction called "production transaction" does not participate in the "mining" calculation.

26. Mining machines/mines

Mining machines are computers with various configurations, and computing power is the biggest difference between them. A place where mining machines are concentrated in one place is a mining farm

27. Mining pool

Miners join together to form a team, and the computer group under this team is a mining pool. Mining rewards are distributed based on your own computing power contribution.

28. Mining difficulty and computing power

Mining difficulty is to ensure that the interval between generating blocks is stable within a certain short time, such as Bitcoin’s 10 minutes.

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Block 1. The computing power is the configuration of the mining machine.

29. Verification

When verification in the blockchain is a confirmation of the legality of the transaction, each node will verify the transaction once when the transaction message is propagated between nodes. Whether the transaction is legal. For example, verify whether the syntax of the transaction is correct, whether the transaction amount is greater than 0, whether the entered transaction amount is reasonable, etc. After passing the verification, it will be packaged and handed over to the miners for mining.

30. Transaction broadcast

The node sends information to other nodes through the network.

31. Mining fees

For the blockchain to work non-stop like a perpetual motion machine, miners need to maintain the system. Therefore, the miners must be given favorable fees to make it sustainable.

32. Transaction confirmation

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When a transaction occurs, the block recording the transaction will be confirmed for the first time, and will be confirmed again in every block on the chain after the block: when the number of confirmations reaches 6 or more , this transaction is generally considered to be relatively secure and difficult to tamper with.

33. Double transaction

That is, I have 10 yuan, I use the 10 yuan to buy a pack of cigarettes, and then instantly use the 10 yuan that has not yet been paid. Bought another cup of coffee. So when verifying the transaction, you need to confirm whether the 10 yuan has been spent.

34. UTXO unspent transaction output

It is a data structure containing transaction data and execution code, which can be understood as digital currency that exists but has not yet been consumed.

35. Transactions per second TPS

That is throughput, tps refers to the number of transactions the system can process per second.

36. Wallet

Similar to Alipay, it is used to store digital currencies, and blockchain technology is more secure.

37. Cold wallet/hot wallet

A cold wallet is an offline wallet. The principle is to store it locally and use QR code communication to prevent the private key from touching the Internet. A hot wallet is an online wallet. The principle is to encrypt the private key and store it on the server. When it is needed, it is downloaded from the server and decrypted on the browser side.

38. Software Wallet/Hardware Wallet

A software wallet is a computer program. Generally speaking, a software wallet is a program that interacts with the blockchain and allows users to receive, store, and send digital currencies and can store multiple keys. Hardware wallets are smart devices that specialize in handling digital currencies.

39. Airdrop

The project sends digital currency to each user’s wallet address.

40. Mapping

Mapping is related to the issuance of blockchain currency and is a mapping between chains. For example, there are some blockchain companies that have not completed the development of the chain in the early stage. They rely on Ethereum to issue their own currency. The issuance and transactions of the early currency are all operated on Ethereum. With the development of the company, the company's own chain development has been completed. The company wants to map all the previous information on Ethereum to its own chain. This process is mapping.

41. Position

Refers to the ratio of the investor’s actual investment to the actual investment funds

42. Full position

All funds are bought Enter Bitcoin

43. Reduce your position

Sell some of your Bitcoins, but not all of them

44． Heavy positions

Compared with Bitcoin, Bitcoin accounts for a larger share of funds

45. Short position

Compared with Bitcoin, the share of funds is larger

46. Short position

Sell all the Bitcoins you hold and convert them all into funds

47. Stop loss

After obtaining a certain profit, sell the Bitcoin held to keep the profit

48. Stop loss

After losses reach a certain level, sell the Bitcoins you hold to prevent further losses

49. Bull market

Prices continue to rise and the outlook is optimistic

50. Bear market

Prices continue to fall, and the outlook is bleak

51. Long (long)

The buyer believes that the currency price will rise in the future, buys the currency, and waits for the currency price After rising, sell at a high price to take profits

52. Short position (short selling)

The seller believes that the currency price will fall in the future, and sells the currency he holds (or borrows it from the trading platform) (coin) sell, wait for the price of the currency to fall, buy at a low price to take profits

53. Open a position

Buy virtual currencies such as Bitcoin

54 . Cover the position

Buy Bitcoin and other virtual currencies in batches, for example: buy 1 BTC first, and then buy 1 BTC later

55. Full position

All funds are purchased at one time to buy a certain virtual currency

56. Rebound

When the currency price falls, the price rebounds and adjusts because it falls too fast

57 .Consolidation (sideways)

The price fluctuation is small and the currency price is stable

58. Yin fall

The currency price declines slowly

59. Diving (waterfall)

The currency price fell rapidly and to a large extent

60. Cutting meat

After buying Bitcoin, the currency price fell, as Avoid expanding losses and selling Bitcoin at a loss. Or after borrowing the currency to go short, the currency price rises, and then buying Bitcoin at a loss

61. Holding up

Expecting the currency price to rise, but unexpectedly the currency price falls after buying; or expecting the currency price to rise. fell, but unexpectedly after selling, the currency price rose

62. Unwinding

The currency price fell after buying Bitcoin, causing a temporaryThere was a book loss, but the currency price rebounded later and the loss turned into profit

63. Going short

After selling Bitcoin because of the bearish market outlook, the currency price continued to rise and I was unable to buy it in time. Therefore, no profit can be made

64. Overbought

The currency price continues to rise to a certain height, the buyer's power is basically exhausted, and the currency price is about to fall

65. Oversold

The currency price continues to fall to a certain low, the seller's power is basically exhausted, and the currency price is about to rise

66. Lure bulls

Coin The price has been consolidating for a long time and is more likely to fall. Most of the short sellers have sold Bitcoin. Suddenly the short sellers pulled up the price of the currency, inducing many parties to think that the currency price will rise and buy one after another. As a result, the short sellers suppressed the currency price, causing the price to rise. The long parties are locked in

67. Short baiting

After the bulls bought Bitcoin, they deliberately suppressed the price of the currency, making the short sellers think that the currency price will fall, and sold them one after another. As a result, they mistakenly fell into the bullish position. Trap

68. What is NFT

The full name of NFT is "Non-Fungible Tokens", which is non-fungible tokens. In simple terms , that is, an indivisible copyright certificate on the blockchain, which is mainly used to confirm and transfer the rights of digital assets. The difference from digital currency is that it is unique and indivisible. In essence, it is a unique digital asset.

69. What is the Metaverse

The Metaverse is a collection of virtual time and space, consisting of a series of augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and the Internet (Internet) Composed of digital currency, which carries the function of value transfer in this world.

70. What is DeFi

DeFi, the full name is Decentralized Finance, which is "decentralized finance" or "distributed finance". "Decentralized finance", as opposed to traditional centralized finance, refers to various financial applications based on open decentralized networks. The goal is to establish a multi-level financial system based on blockchain technology and cryptocurrency. As a basis, re-create and improve the existing financial system

71. Who is Satoshi Nakamoto?

72. Bitcoin is different from Q Coin

Bitcoin is a decentralized digital asset with no issuing entity. Q Coin is an electronic currency issued by Tencent. It is similar to electronic points, but it is not actually a currency. Q Coin requires a centralized issuing institution. Q Coin can only be recognized and used because of the credit endorsement of Tencent. The scope of use is also limited to Tencent’s games and services. Q Coin’sThe value is entirely based on people's trust in Tencent.

Bitcoin is not issued through a centralized institution, but it is widely recognized around the world because Bitcoin can self-certify its trust. The issuance and circulation of Bitcoin are jointly accounted for by miners across the entire network, and are not A central authority is also needed to ensure that no one can tamper with the ledger.

73. What is a mining machine?

Taking Bitcoin as an example, a Bitcoin mining machine is a professional equipment that competes for accounting rights by running a large amount of calculations to obtain new Bitcoin rewards. It is generally composed of a mining chip, a heat sink and a fan, and only performs A single calculation program consumes a lot of power. Mining is actually a competition between miners for computing power. Miners with more computing power have a greater probability of mining Bitcoin. As the computing power of the entire network increases, it becomes increasingly difficult to mine bits with traditional equipment (CPU, GPU), and people have developed chips specifically for mining. The chip is the core part of the mining machine. The operation of the chip will generate a large amount of heat. In order to dissipate heat, Bitcoin mining machines are generally equipped with heat sinks and fans. Users download Bitcoin mining software on their computers, use the software to assign tasks to each mining machine, and then start mining. Each currency has a different algorithm and requires different mining machines.

74. What is quantitative trading?

Quantitative trading, sometimes also called automated trading, refers to the use of advanced mathematical models to replace human subjective judgments, which greatly reduces the impact of investor sentiment fluctuations and avoids extreme fanaticism or pessimism in the market. make irrational investment decisions. There are many types of quantitative trading, including cross-platform trading, trend trading, hedging, etc. Cross-platform trading means that when the price difference between different target platforms reaches a certain amount, sell on the platform with a higher price and buy on the platform with a lower price.

75. Blockchain asset over-the-counter trading

Over-the-counter trading is also called OTC trading. Users need to find their own counterparties and do not need to match the transaction. The transaction price is determined by negotiation between the two parties. The two parties can fully communicate through face-to-face negotiation or telephone communication.

76. What is a timestamp?

The blockchain ensures that each block is connected sequentially through timestamps. Timestamps enable every piece of data on the blockchain to have a time stamp. Simply put, timestamps prove when something happened on the blockchain and cannot be tampered with by anyone.

77. What is a blockchain fork?

Upgrading software in a centralized system is very simple, just click "Upgrade" in the app store. However, in decentralized systems such as blockchain, "upgrading" is not that simple, and a disagreement may even cause a blockchain fork. Simply put, a fork refers to a disagreement when the blockchain is "upgraded", resulting in a fork in the blockchain. Because there is no centralized institution, digital assets such as Bitcoin are coded every timeUpgrades need to be unanimously approved by the Bitcoin community. If the Bitcoin community cannot reach an agreement, the blockchain is likely to form a fork.

78. Soft fork and hard fork

Hard fork means that when the Bitcoin code changes, the old nodes refuse to accept the blocks created by the new nodes. Blocks that do not comply with the original rules will be ignored, and miners will follow the original rules and create new blocks after the last block they verified. A soft fork means that old nodes are not aware of the changes to the Bitcoin code and continue to accept blocks created by new nodes. Miners may work on blocks they have no understanding of, or validation of. Both soft forks and hard forks are "backwards compatible" to ensure that new nodes can verify the blockchain from scratch. Backward compatibility means that new software accepts data or code generated by old software. For example, Windows 10 can run Windows XP applications. Soft forks can also be "forward compatible".

79. Classification and application of blockchain projects

Judging from the current mainstream blockchain projects, blockchain projects mainly fall into four categories: Category 1: Currency; The second category: platform category; the third category: application category; the fourth category: asset tokenization.

80. USDT against the US dollar

USDT is Tether USD, a token launched by Tether that is against the US dollar (USD). 1USDT=1 US dollar, users can use USDT and USD for 1:1 exchange at any time. Tether implements a 1:1 reserve guarantee system, that is, each USDT token will have a reserve guarantee of 1 US dollar, which supports the stability of the USDT price. The unit price of a certain digital asset is USDT, which is equivalent to its unit price in US dollars (USD).

81. Altcoins and alternative coins

Altcoins refer to blockchain assets that use the Bitcoin code as a template and make some modifications to its underlying technology blockchain, among which Those with technological innovations or improvements are also called alternative coins. Because the Bitcoin code is open source, the cost of plagiarism in Bitcoin is very low. You can even generate a brand new blockchain by simply copying the Bitcoin code and modifying some parameters.

82. Three major exchanges

Binance: https://accounts.binancezh.ac/zh-CN

Okex: https://www .ouyi.top/

Huobi: https://www.huobi.af/zh-cn

83. Market software

Mytoken: http: //www.mytoken.com/

Non-small account: https://www.feixiaohao.co/

84. Information website

Babbitt: https://www.8btc .cn

Golden Finance: http://www.jinse.com/

Coin World News: http://www.bishijie.com

85 .Blockchain Explorer

BTC: https://btc.com/

ETH: https://etherscan.io/

BCH: https ://blockchair.com/bitcoin-cash/blocks

LTC: http://www.qukuai.com/search/ltc

ETC: https://gastracker.io /

86. Wallet

Imtoken: https://imatoken.net/

Bitpie: https://bitpie.com/

87. Decentralized exchange

uniswap: https://uniswap.org

88. NFT exchange< /p>

Opensea: https://opensea.io

Super Rare: https://superrare.com/

89. Ladder

Bring your own and buy reliable ladders

90. Platform currency

Digital currency issued by the platform, used to deduct handling fees, transactions, etc.

91. Bull market , Bear market

Bull market: Rising market

Bear market: Falling market

92. Blockchain 1.0

Currency based on distributed ledger Transaction system, represented by Bitcoin

93. Blockchain 2.0

The contract blockchain technology represented by Ethereum (smart contract) is 2.0

94. Blockchain 3.0

In the era of intelligent Internet of Things, it goes beyond the financial field to provide decentralized solutions for various industries

95. Smart Contract

Smart Contract, Smart Contract, is A computer protocol designed to disseminate, verify or execute contracts in an information-based manner. Simply put, an electronic contract is set in advance and once confirmed by both parties, the contract is automatically executed.

96. What is a token?

The token economy is an economic system with Token as the only reference standard, which is equivalent to a pass. If you own Token, you have rights and interests, and you have the right to speak.

Big data is the means of production, AI is the new productivity, and blockchain is the new production relationship. Big data refers to a collection of data that cannot be captured, managed and processed within a certain time range using conventional software tools. It is a massive, high-growth and high-volume data set that requires new processing models to have stronger decision-making power, insight discovery and process optimization capabilities. Diverse information assets. Simply understood, big data is massive data accumulated over a long period of time and cannot be obtained in the short term. Blockchain can be used as a way to obtain big data, but it cannot replace big data. Big data is only used as a medium running in the blockchain and has no absolute technical performance, so the two cannot be confused. (A simple understanding of production relations is labor exchange and consumption relations. The core lies in productivity, and the core of productivity lies in production tools)

ICO, Initial Coin Offering, initial public token issuance, is the first step in the blockchain digital currency industry. Crowdfunding. It is the most popular topic and investment trend in 2017, and the country launched a regulatory plan on September 4. Speaking of ICO, people will think of IPO, and the two are fundamentally different.

99. Five characteristics of digital currency

The first characteristic: decentralization

The second characteristic: having open source code

The third feature: independent electronic wallet

The fourth feature: constant issuance

The fifth feature: global circulation

100. What is decentralization?

It has no issuer, does not belong to any institution or country, and is a publicly issued currency designed, developed and stored on the Internet by Internet network experts.

100. What is measurement (scarcity)?

Once the total amount of issuance is set, it is permanently fixed, cannot be changed, cannot be over-issued at will, and is subject to global Internet supervision. Because the difficulty of mining and mining changes over time, the longer the time, the greater the difficulty of mining, and the fewer coins are mined, so it is scarce.

101. What is open source code?

The alphanumeric code is stored on the Internet. Anyone can find out the source code of its design, everyone can participate, can mine it, and it is open to the world.

102. What is anonymous transaction? Private wallet private?

Everyone can register and download the wallet online without real-name authentication. It is completely composed of encrypted digital codes. It can be sent and traded globally in real-time point-to-point without resorting to banks or any institutions. It cannot be traced by anyone without my authorization. ,Inquire.

A contract transaction refers to an agreement between a buyer and seller to receive a certain amount of an asset at a specified price at a certain time in the future. The objects of contract trading are standardized contracts formulated by the exchange. The exchange stipulates standardized information such as commodity type, transaction time, quantity, etc. A contract represents the rights and obligations of the buyer and seller.

105. Digital Currency Industry Chain

Chip manufacturers, mining machine manufacturers, and mining machine agents mine and export to exchanges for retail investors to speculate in coins< /p>

106. Who is Erben?

Erben: Digital Currency Value Investor

Investment style: Steady

Building a community: Erben’s Miscellaneous Talks (High Quality Price Investment Community)

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107. Two investment strategies

Combining long and short term, focusing on price investment, no touching contracts, no short-term play

Reasonable layout, scientific operation, prudent and conservative, making periodic money

108. Two books?

Welcome currency friends and seek common development