那些区块链是底层技术的,那些区块链是底层技术的基础
区块链是一种分布式数据库技术，它是一种去中心化的记录技术，可以安全地存储和管理数据，在这里我们将讨论三个相关的关键词：去中心化，智能合约和挖矿。
去中心化是区块链技术的核心特征，它是一种不需要第三方机构或者中央机构的技术，它可以让用户之间进行安全的交易，而不需要任何中间环节。去中心化技术的最大优势在于，它可以提供一个安全可靠的网络，可以让用户安全地进行交易，而不会受到任何外部影响。去中心化技术还可以提高数据的安全性，因为数据是分布式存储的，所以可以有效地防止数据泄露。
智能合约是区块链技术的另一个重要特征，它是一种可以自动执行合同条款的技术。智能合约可以提供自动执行的合同，这样可以有效地减少合同纠纷，并且可以有效地降低交易成本。智能合约可以让用户安全地进行交易，因为它可以自动执行合同条款，所以可以有效地防止欺诈行为。此外，智能合约还可以让用户更安全地进行交易，因为它可以自动执行合同条款，可以有效地防止交易中的欺诈行为。
挖矿是区块链技术的另一个重要特征，它是一种用于验证区块链交易的技术。挖矿可以帮助确保区块链网络的安全性，因为它可以验证所有的交易，并且可以有效地防止恶意交易。挖矿也可以帮助确保交易的安全性，因为它可以验证所有的交易，可以有效地防止恶意交易。挖矿还可以帮助确保网络的安全性，因为它可以验证所有的交易，可以有效地防止恶意交易。
以上就是关于去中心化，智能合约和挖矿的介绍，这些技术是区块链技术的核心特征，它们可以提供安全可靠的网络，可以让用户安全地进行交易，可以帮助确保交易的安全性，也可以帮助确保网络的安全性。
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『一』 What is blockchain technology? What are the core components of blockchain technology?
What is blockchain technology? What are the core components of blockchain technology? What is blockchain technology:
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. The blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
The core components of blockchain technology:
Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it proposes four technological innovations to address this issue:
The first one is called distribution A type of ledger means that transaction accounting is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they can all participate in supervising the legality of the transaction and can also jointly testify for it.
Different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of blockchain distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. Traditional distributed storage generally divides data into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node. [8]
No node can record ledger data independently, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to record false accounts. Also because there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically speaking, the accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thereby ensuring the security of the accounting data.
The second one is called asymmetric encryption and authorization technology. The transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but the account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization from the data owner. This ensures data security and personal privacy.
The third one is called the consensus mechanism, which is how all accounting nodes reach a consensus to determine the validity of a record. This is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and strike a balance between efficiency and security.
The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal". "The minority obeys the majority" does not entirely refer to the number of nodes, but can also be computing power, the number of shares, or other factors. countA characteristic quantity that a computer can compare. "Everyone is equal" means that when a node meets the conditions, all nodes have the right to give priority to the consensus result, which will be directly recognized by other nodes and may eventually become the final consensus result. [8]
Taking Bitcoin as an example, it uses proof of work. Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the entire network are controlled, it is possible to forge a non-existent record. When there are enough nodes joining the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.
The last technical feature is called smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data and can automatically execute some predefined rules and terms. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information (including medical information and risk occurrence information) is true and trustworthy, it will be easy to automate claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.
In the daily business of insurance companies, although transactions are not as frequent as those in the banking and securities industries, the reliance on trusted data continues unabated. Therefore, the author believes that using blockchain technology from the perspective of data management can effectively help insurance companies improve their risk management capabilities. Specifically speaking, it is mainly divided into risk management of policyholders and risk supervision of insurance companies.
Chongqing Jinwowo Analysis: The consensus mechanism is the core of blockchain technology. The consensus mechanism largely determines the degree of mutual trust between nodes in the entire blockchain system, and also determines other users’ views on the blockchain. The degree of trust in online data
What is the core component of blockchain technology? Analysis by Chongqing Jinwowo: Blockchain technology consists of three core technologies: consensus mechanism, common defense mechanism, and distributed storage.
The three core technologies are supported by machine trust, that is, through the support of network technology, breakthroughs in difficult problems such as point-to-point transactions, decentralization, non-tampering of recorded information, irreversible transactions, and information encryption are achieved through network technology support.
The development of blockchain technology is becoming more and more prosperous with the continuous expansion of applications. This powerful development force coming from the needs of various industries has caused rapid changes in blockchain technology, allowing various industries to achieve great results. The results are attracting more and more attention, and professional technology and resources are constantly concentrated in this industry, thus bringing the development of blockchain technology to a new stage, and the impact of this development of blockchain technology has also much attention.
When talking about blockchain technology, Bitcoin has to be mentioned. Many people know that the electronic currency Bitcoin does not rely on the issuance of a specific monetary institution, but is generated through a large number of calculations by a specific algorithm. In fact, the core that truly supports Bitcoin is blockchain technology.
How does the invisible and intangible Bitcoin operate through blockchain technology? The interpretation circulated in the industry is that the blockchain can be regarded as a way to collectively maintain reliableDatabase technical solutions. In layman’s terms, this technology can be understood as a technology in which everyone participates in accounting. In the past, people used centralized servers to keep accounts, but in the blockchain technology system, everyone can participate in accounting and jointly identify Authenticity of records.
"Through this technology, even if there is no neutral third-party organization, two parties that do not trust each other can achieve cooperation. In short, the blockchain is like a 'machine that creates trust.'" Bubi Company It is a leading blockchain service provider in China. It has made many breakthroughs in the blockchain technology platform, can meet scenarios with tens of millions of users, and has the ability to quickly build upper-layer application businesses.
The blockchain technology used by all parties involved in recording and storing information adopts a decentralized distributed structure, which saves a lot of intermediary costs and can better ensure data security; at the same time, it has a time stamp that cannot be tampered with. It can effectively solve problems such as data tracking and information anti-counterfeiting.
Will it become the next trend of Internet finance?
Although blockchain emerged with Bitcoin, the derived value of this technology has transcended digital currency. Bubi Blockchain focuses on the innovation of blockchain technology and products. It already possesses a number of core technologies and has developed its own blockchain service platform. With decentralized trust as the core, we are committed to building an open value circulation network to allow digital assets to flow freely. What Bubi wants to do is to create a new technology and product - to realize real value circulation and bring the Internet to a new level. With the application of this technology, there will be no central organization when transferring assets, and direct transfer of assets between us can be achieved.
In the current international financial market, the U.S. Central Bank, Swiss Bank, and some insurance and futures companies are all competing to develop blockchain technology. Fang Liang introduced that in the Internet financial industry, blockchain technology will first affect financial infrastructure such as payment systems, securities settlement systems, and transaction databases; later, the technology will also expand to general financial services, such as credit systems and "anti-money laundering" "wait.
"The payment and clearing system in the financial field will evolve towards decentralization. The electronic ledger supported by blockchain technology is a reliable system that is error-free and cannot be tampered with. It has various functions for payment, clearing, transaction, confirmation of rights, etc. A profound impact," Li Yan said.
Therefore, industry insiders believe that blockchain technology may be the next trend in the Internet financial industry. As the interconnection of all things deepens, Yang Tao, assistant director of the Institute of Finance, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, also said that blockchain will make it possible for all individuals to become important nodes in the allocation of financial resources, and will also promote the improvement of existing financial system rules. Build a shared and win-win financial development ecosystem.
Blockchain technology will affect many industries
"Blockchain technology has been widely used in the era of big data." Li Yan said frankly that in addition to the Internet financial field, blockchain technology has been used in many industries. It has been applied in many fields and has shown great prospects.
For example, the healthcare industry has benefited a lot from blockchain technology. In reality, patient private information leaks often occur, and centralized database or file cabinet management in medical departments is no longer the optimal choice. Medical institutions are using blockchain technology to keep patients' private information confidential.
In addition, blockchain technology also has important legal implications. In some civil fields, it is often necessary to provide evidence to determine blame, and blockchain technology can record every step and help judicial authorities identify the specific responsible person.
"Especially in the field of assets, whether it is physical assets such as real estate and cars, or intangible assets such as health and reputation, this technology can be used to complete registration, transactions, and tracking. It can be said that any production and life that lacks trust In all fields, blockchain technology will have its place."
The development of blockchain technology has also brought about changes in the operational concepts of various industries. New technologies and new concepts have promoted new developments in various industries. This The impact of this driving force on society and the promotion of economic activities are also huge. Many new industry phenomena will occur one after another, and the public is also waiting and watching, expecting this brand-new technology to be used by various industries and better benefit all industries.
The so-called blockchain technology, also known as distributed ledger technology, is an Internet database technology that is characterized by decentralization. , open and transparent, allowing everyone to participate in database records.
Explained in layman’s terms: If the database is assumed to be a ledger, reading and writing the database can be regarded as a bookkeeping behavior. The principle of blockchain technology is to find out the fastest and best bookkeeping within a period of time. This person will keep accounts, and then send this page of information to everyone else in the entire system. This is equivalent to changing all the records in the database and sending them to every other node in the entire network, so blockchain technology is also called a distributed ledger.
What is the core technology of Jinwowo blockchain technology?
Chongqing Jinwowo analyzes the core technologies of blockchain technology as follows:
Distributed ledger technology, asymmetric encryption technology and smart contracts.
The core of the blockchain is that it stores all information in an independent personal computer network, making it a decentralized and distributed structure.
This means that the system is not owned by a controlling company or person, but that everyone can use and run the system.
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What is blockchain technology?Blockchain has been hyped up like crazy, but you know nothing about it!
Blockchain is a distributed database system participated by different nodes and an open ledger system.
It is composed of a series of data blocks or data packets generated according to cryptographic methods, that is, blocks. Each block of data information is automatically timestamped, thus Calculate a data encryption value, that is, a hash value (hash).
Blockchain technology is essentially a distributed accounting technology. It allows everyone to have an instantly synchronized account book in their hands. Every transaction that occurs in the entire network will have thousands of backups and synchronous records. When perpetrators attempt to tamper with ledger data, they must change the ledger in the hands of the majority of people to achieve their goal.
『二』What is blockchain and how was it born? What are the types of blockchain?
If you want to understand blockchain, you must first understand the basic structure of the program. Everything we see on the Internet is constructed through computer language. There are many kinds of computer languages, but the most basic characters that make up the language are codes, and blockchain technology is a way of applying codes, which is different from traditional centralization. The difference between the models is that the blockchain has the characteristics of immutability, privacy, security, and consensus.
There are many application scenarios for blockchain. The most successful case so far is Bitcoin, followed by electronic invoices, cross-border payments, etc. Based on the interoperability of data, it is impossible to With characteristics such as tampering, it can also be used to save some important data. As long as this data uses blockchain technology as the underlying technology, it can never be destroyed and will be saved forever. No person or institution has the ability to modify or delete it. In addition, there are certain intersections between blockchain payment and education, medical care, credit reporting, automobiles, transportation and other fields. It is a technology, not a certain product, so there is only one type of it, but with the application As the scene changes, its role is also different. It can be integrated with existing scenes in almost any field and then derive other applications.
『三』What are the several basic technologies included in blockchain technology
The blockchain 1.0 era is the era of digital currency. The technical foundation is:
1 . Lianzhuang data block structure based on blocks
2. Shared ledger across the entire network
3. Asymmetric encryption
4. Source code open source
Blockchain 2.0 era technology Basics:
1. Smart contract; it is an application in the blockchain system. It is a coded business logic that can run automatically. It usually has its own token and dedicated development language;
2. DAPP: Contains applications that users accept to show off, includingBut not limited to various cryptocurrencies, such as Ethereum wallets;
3. Virtual machine: used to execute the compiled code of smart contracts. The virtual machine is Turing complete.
With the application and deepening of blockchain technology, the era of blockchain 3.0 has arrived. The model of collaborative operation of blockchain can be seen behind the operation of all walks of life, so blockchain will surely be widespread. It will profoundly change human life style, so the entire life service will enter the blockchain era. In this Internet development process, blockchain + physical industries, blockchain e-commerce, and blockchain community operations can all apply blockchain technology.
Of course, 3.0 was born with the development of modern cryptography. The cryptography used today is the cryptography achievement of 20 years ago. Therefore, blockchain technology must be applied to more participation scenarios, especially on the Internet. In terms of economy and other aspects, whether the existing encryption technology meets the needs still needs more verification, and it needs more in-depth integration of cutting-edge cryptography technology and continuous innovation.
『四』What are the underlying technologies of financial technology?
The underlying technologies of financial technology mainly include the following aspects:
4. Cloud computing technology: Financial institutions can use cloud computing technology to reduce IT costs and improve the elasticity and scalability of IT systems. For example, banks can move some IT systems and applications to the cloud to reduce operating costs.
『五』Blockchain technology concept
Blockchain technology concept
Blockchain technology concept, nowadays, blockchain has become most It is an area that people are paying attention to. Many companies have already studied this technology in depth, but there are still people who don’t know much about it. Below I will share an article about the concept of blockchain technology.
Blockchain technology concept 1Basic concepts and working principles of blockchain
1. Basic concepts
Blockchain is a distributed data storage, point-to-point New application models of computer technologies such as transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. The blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information, prevent counterfeiting, and generate the next block.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.
Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses a blockchain data structureA brand-new method to verify and store data, use distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, use cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and use smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data. Distributed infrastructure and computing methods.
2. Working principle
The blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and basic algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the core of the blockchain The basis of programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.
Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it proposes four technological innovations to address this issue:
1. Distributed The ledger means that transaction accounting is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they can all participate in supervising the legality of the transaction and can also jointly testify for it.
Different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of blockchain distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. For data, traditional distributed storage generally divides the data into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node. [8]
No node can record ledger data independently, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to record false accounts. Also because there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically speaking, the accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thereby ensuring the security of the accounting data.
2. Asymmetric encryption and authorization technology. Transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization from the data owner. , thus ensuring data security and personal privacy.
3. The consensus mechanism is how all accounting nodes reach a consensus to determine the validity of a record. This is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, suitable forDifferent application scenarios strike a balance between efficiency and security.
The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal". "The minority obeys the majority" does not entirely refer to the number of nodes, but can also be the computing power and the number of shares. Or other characteristic quantities that the computer can compare. "Everyone is equal" means that when a node meets the conditions, all nodes have the right to give priority to the consensus result, which will be directly recognized by other nodes and may eventually become the final consensus result. Taking Bitcoin as an example, it uses proof of work. Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the entire network are controlled, it is possible to forge a non-existent record. When there are enough nodes joining the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.
4. Smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data. Some predefined rules and terms can be automatically executed. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information, including medical information and risk occurrence information, is true and trustworthy, it will be easy to implement automated claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.
3. Others
The Internet exchanges information, and the blockchain exchanges value. Human history and the history of the Internet can be understood in eight words: if they are divided for a long time, they must be combined. For a long time, they must be combined. In the era of long-term separation, all network information is scattered on the Internet. It is very difficult for everyone to mine information. At this time, platforms such as Google and Facebook will appear. , the only thing it does is recombine all our information. In the Internet era, what the monopoly giants reorganize is information, rather than generating their own information. The information generated is entirely our own. Once the information is reorganized, a new monopoly giant will emerge, so it will be an era of long-lasting separation. Now, due to the emergence of blockchain technology, it has entered an era of integration and division. It is a new multi-centralization. After the new multi-centralization, new value will be generated. These data will be in our own hands, and personal data will generate value. It belongs to oneself. This is the most exciting era of this era.
What is the value of blockchain? A low-cost mechanism to establish trust, establish data rights, and resolve data property rights.
At present, blockchain technology continues to develop, including the current development of single chains to multi-chains, and the technology can be further expanded. I think there may still be disruptions in the future, especially in transactions and other aspects. , especially many disruptive scenarios for existing industries.
The essence of blockchain is to establish trusted information exchange on untrustworthy networks.
One Belt, One Road + One Chain. The bigger thing about blockchain is not to create trust, but to allow trust to be transmitted losslessly, reducing the friction cost of society as a whole, thereby improving the overall efficiency.
The blockchain itself is still in its initial stage, so it includes the information transmission and encryption of the blockchain. In this process, quantum encryption and other technologies appear.Encryption, in fact, attacks on the encryption algorithm used in the blockchain itself also occur from time to time. Including blockchain is also a recognition of assets, a recognition of digital assets, but now many of us use cryptographic algorithms, or as the key for us to decrypt, but if you forget the password, it is very likely that your current assets will be lost. If you lose them, you won't be able to get back your original assets. Therefore, there are still some hidden dangers in asset management, including information transmission and some security aspects. Of course, from a technical perspective, the processing speed of our blockchain itself, or its scalability, is because from the perspective of the working mechanism, the entire ledger must be copied to all participants, so in the blockchain Its operational efficiency and scalability are still relatively limited. We feel that these still need further development in terms of technology.
The underlying technologies of the blockchain platform also form blockchain wallets, blockchain browsers, node elections, mining machines, mining pools, development components, development modules, technical communities and project communities. and a series of ecosystems. The perfection of these ecosystems directly determines the efficiency and effectiveness of the underlying platform of the blockchain.
4. Mundell’s Impossible Triangle
It is impossible to achieve the ultimate in decentralization, efficiency, and security at the same time.
Blockchain technology concept 2The essence of blockchain is a distributed accounting technology, as opposed to centralized accounting technology, which is widely used in our current lives. exist. Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity and anti-counterfeiting of the information and generate the next block.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.
Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data securely.
The popular understanding of blockchain technology is: connecting the front, back, left and right blocks of "things" into a chain using one technology, but each block The original data of the block cannot be tampered with. It is a kind of "module" in the field of Internet of Things that can be trusted by participants."Chain-driven" technology. The application of blockchain technology is inseparable from the Internet and the Internet of Things. It is based on the integration and interaction of the two, but allows the participants to maintain their independence. Centralization, and joint ownership of this value chain co-construction and sharing technology.
Characteristics of blockchain: decentralization, openness, autonomy, information cannot be tampered with, and anonymity.
p>Blockchain is a network that can deliver value. The need for a network that can deliver value is an important reason for the emergence of blockchain technology. Driven by the need to protect information with ownership or other values , the blockchain emerged. Through public and private key cryptography, distributed storage and other technical means, the blockchain on the one hand ensures the efficient transmission of valuable information, and on the other hand ensures that this information will not be transmitted during the transmission process. Be easily copied and tampered with.
Understand the connotation of blockchain from the inevitability of its birth. Blockchain is a distributed system that solves the shortcomings of centralized accounting and solves the problem of distributed consistency. Accounting technology is also a value network that connects the Internet to ensure the safe and efficient transmission of valuable information.
Blockchain technology concept 3Blockchain: Blockchain is like a globally unique The ledger, or database, records the history of all transactions in the network.
Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM): It allows you to write more powerful programs on Ethereum and also on Bitcoin Write a script program. It is also sometimes used to refer to the Ethereum blockchain, which is responsible for executing smart contracts and everything.
Node: You can run a node through which to read and write to the Ethereum blockchain, i.e. Uses the Ethereum Virtual Machine. Full nodes require downloading the entire blockchain. Light nodes are still under development.
Miners: Miners, that is, nodes that process blocks on the blockchain. This page can See a subset of the currently active Ethereum miners: stats.ethdev.com.
Proof of Work: Miners are always competing to solve some mathematical problem. The first one to figure out the answer (figure out the next block) block) will be rewarded with Ether. All nodes then update their own blockchain. All miners who want to figure out the next block have an incentive to keep in sync with other nodes and maintain the same blockchain, so the entire The network always reaches consensus. (Note: Ethereum is planning to move to a proof-of-stake (POS) system without miners, but that is beyond the scope of this article.)
Ethereum: Abbreviation ETH. A type of currency. A real digital currency that you can buy and use. Here is a chart of one of the exchanges where you can trade Ethereum. At the time of writing, 1 Ethereum is worth 65 cents.
Gas: Executing programs and saving data on Ethereum consumes a certain amount of Ethereum. Gas is converted from Ethereum. This mechanism is used to ensure efficiency.
DApp: The Ethereum community uses basicThe application of smart contracts is called a decentralized application (Decentralized App). The goal of DApp is (or should be) to have a friendly interface for your smart contracts, plus some extras, such as IPFS, a decentralized network that can store and read data, not from the Ethereum team but in a similar spirit ). DApp can run on a centralized server that can interact with Ethereum nodes, or it can run on any Ethereum equal node. (Take a minute to think about this: Unlike ordinary websites, DApps cannot run on ordinary servers. They need to submit transactions to the blockchain and read important data from the blockchain rather than a centralized database. Compared to typical users When logging into the system, the user may be represented as a wallet address and other user data is stored locally. Many things will be structured differently from current web applications.)
Ethereum client, smart contract language
p>Writing and deploying smart contracts does not require you to run an Ethereum node. Browser-based IDEs and APIs are listed below. But if you are just learning, you should still run an Ethereum node to understand the basic components, and running a node is not difficult.
Clients available for running Ethereum nodes
Ethereum has many client implementations in different languages, that is, multiple methods of interacting with the Ethereum network. , including C++, Go, Python, Java, Haskell, etc. Why do we need so many implementations? Different implementations can meet different needs. For example, the goal of Haskell implementation is to be mathematically verifiable, to make Ethereum more secure, and to enrich the entire ecosystem.
At the time of writing this article, I am using the client geth (go-ethereum) implemented in the Go language. At other times, I also use a tool called testrpc, which uses the Python client pyethereum. Later examples will use these tools.
About mining: Mining is fun, a bit like caring for your houseplant, but also a way to learn about the entire system. Although the current price of Ethereum may not even cover the electricity bill, who knows in the future. People are creating many cool DApps that may make Ethereum more and more popular.
Interactive console: Once the client is running, you can synchronize the blockchain, create a wallet, and send and receive Ethereum. One way to use geth is through the Javascript console. In addition, you can use cURL-like commands to interact with the client through JSON RPC. The goal of this article is to take you through the process of DApp development, so I won’t go into details about this. But we should remember that these command line tools are useful for debugging, configuring nodes, and using wallets.
Run the node on the test network: If you run the geth client on the official network, it will take quite a while to download the entire blockchain and synchronize with the network. You can determine if synchronization has occurred by comparing the last block number printed in the node logs with the latest block listed on stats.ethdev.com. ) Another problem is that running smart contracts on the official network requires real Ethereum. Running the node on the test network does not have this problem. At this time, there is no need to synchronize the entire blockchain. Just create your own private chain, which saves time for development.
Testrpc: Use geth to create a test network. Another faster way to create a test network is to use testrpc. Testrpc can help you create a bunch of test accounts with funds at startup. It also runs faster and is therefore better suited for development and testing. You can start with testrpc, and then as the contract slowly takes shape, move to the test network created by geth - the startup method is very simple, you only need to specify a networkid: geth --networkid "12345". Here is the code repository for testrpc, we will talk about it again below.
Next, let’s talk about the available programming languages, and then we can start the real programming. Solidity is the programming language used to write smart contracts.
There are several languages to choose from for writing smart contracts: Solidity, which is somewhat similar to Javascript, has a file extension of .sol. Serpent, which is similar to Python, has a file name ending in .se. There is also a Lisp-like LLL. Serpent has been popular for a while, but now the most popular and stable one is Solidity, so just use Solidity. I heard you like Python? Use Solidity.
solc compiler: After writing the smart contract with Solidity, you need to use solc to compile it. It is a component from a C++ client implementation. Again, different implementations complement each other. Here is how to install it. If you don't want to install solc, you can also use a browser-based compiler, such as Solidity real-time compiler or Cosmo. The programming sections below will assume you have solc installed.
web3.js API. After the Solidity contract is compiled and sent to the network, you can use Ethereum's web3.js JavaScript API to call it and build web applications that can interact with it.
『Lu』 What is the difference between regional chain and blockchain?
Blockchain is not a single individual, but a chain structure that connects many block structures together. RanEach block is then connected to form a specific collection or area. So there is actually no difference between blockchain and regional chain. The term regional chain is actually another expression of blockchain. Blockchain technology is the underlying technology. Without the operation and management of any centralized organization, it has been running very stably for many years without any problems. Therefore, some people noticed its underlying technology and extracted the technology abstractly, calling it Blockchain technology, or distributed ledger technology. When we search for regional chains, we will automatically jump to the search results page of blockchain, so we can list blockchain and blockchain as synonyms.
Extended information
1. What is blockchain?
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system
Blockchain is a very important technology. Huobi.com cooperates with the Internet Finance Laboratory of Tsinghua University PBC School of Finance , the "2014-2016 Global Development Research Report" released by Sina Technology mentioned that blockchain is the underlying technology and infrastructure. Essentially a decentralized database. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a network transaction and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgeable. Ledger.
Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses A new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data.
Blockchain _ The original blockchain is a decentralized database that contains a list called blocks, with continuously growing and neatly arranged records. Each block contains a timestamp and a link to the previous block: Blockchains are designed so that data is immutable—once recorded, the data in a block is irreversible.
The design of blockchain is a protection measure, such as (applied to) highly fault-tolerant distributed computing systems. Blockchain makes hybrid consistency possible. This makes blockchain suitable for recording events, titles, medical records and other activities that require data collection, identity management, transaction process management and provenance management. Blockchain has huge potential for financial disintermediation and has a huge impact on leading global trade.
2. What is a regional chain?
The two words "region chain" and "blockchain" are different in only one word. Do they have the same meaning? Let's take a look at the meaning of the two words block and domain. A block can be understood as a part of the whole.Domain refers to a specific area, which can also be understood as a specific whole.
Blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is a cryptographically guaranteed distributed ledger that cannot be tampered with or forged.
Broadly understood, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access. A new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data.
『撒』 In which industries is blockchain technology mainly used?
Blockchain technology is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. In the early days, not many people paid attention to Bitcoin. underlying technology. But when Bitcoin is operated and managed without any centralized organization, it has been running very stably for many years without any problems. Therefore, many people have noticed that the underlying technology may have a large mechanism, and it may not only be used in Bitcoin, but may be applied in many fields. So the Bitcoin technology was abstracted and called blockchain technology, or distributed ledger technology. So from a certain perspective, Bitcoin can be seen as the first application of blockchain, and blockchain is more similar to underlying technologies such as TCP/IP, which will expand to more and more industries in the future.
The main advantages of blockchain are that it does not require intermediary participation, the process is efficient and transparent, the cost is very low, and the data is highly secure. Therefore, any industry that has needs in any of these three areas has the opportunity to use blockchain technology. For example
1. Banking 2. Payments and transfers 3. Cybersecurity 4. Academic records 5. Voting 6. Car rental and sales 7. Network and Internet of Things 8. Forecasting 9. Online music 10. Ridesharing 11. Stocks Trading 12. Real estate 13. Insurance 14. Healthcare 15. Supply chain management 16. Cloud storage 17. Energy management 18. Sports management 19. Gift cards and customer loyalty programs 20. Government and public welfare
『 8』 What is blockchain
Blockchain has become quite popular recently. When people talk about blockchain, they will associate it with Bitcoin, but blockchain is blockchain, and Bitcoin is Bitcoin. The two are completely different. Although many people have heard of blockchain, they do not understand what blockchain is. What does blockchain mean?
Blockchain refers to a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database through decentralization and trustlessness. Many people still don’t understand decentralization. Decentralization means that there is no central ledger in the blockchain. Everyone has the opportunity to participate in accounting. Everyone is the center, and everyone in the system has a ledger. When it comes to blockchain, everyone will mention Bitcoin, because blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin.It is applied to Bitcoin. The blockchain is like a database ledger that records all transaction records and sends updated accounting content to all system users.
What is blockchain technology
In layman’s terms, blockchain technology is a way for all people to participate in accounting. All systems have a corresponding database. If the database is compared to an account book, then the person who keeps the accounts is very important. These databases currently keep their own accounts. For example, Alibaba is responsible for the Taobao account book, and WeChat is responsible for the accounting. The ledger is kept by Tencent. But in the blockchain system, everyone has the opportunity to participate in accounting. The system will select the person with the best and fastest accounting, record his content on the ledger, and send the content of the ledger to everyone in the system. Personal backup allows everyone to have the same ledger, ensuring that the accounting process is transparent. There is no central ledger, which greatly improves security. In the past, it was difficult for two parties who did not trust each other to conduct transactions. For the security of transactions, a third-party platform was needed, and blockchain technology solved the credit problem of user transactions. People can complete transactions without a third-party intermediary. Bitcoin The underlying technology of currency transactions uses blockchain technology, so many people associate Bitcoin with blockchain. It is precisely because Bitcoin has been very stable for many years that people pay attention to its underlying technology. People abstract the underlying technology of Bitcoin and call it blockchain technology.
『玖』 What kind of technology is blockchain technology?
Blockchain (Blockchain) is distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc. New application models of computer technology. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.
Blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin, like a database ledger that records all transaction records. This technology has gradually attracted the attention of the banking and financial industries because of its safety and convenience.
In April 2018, a group of scholars from Oxford University announced the establishment of the world’s first blockchain university, Woolf University.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is distributed cryptographically to ensure that it cannot be tampered with or forged. Account book.
Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access. A new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and manipulate data.
『Shi』 What kind of technology is "blockchain"?
What kind of technology is "blockchain" Blockchain (Blockchain) is an important concept of Bitcoin. The "2014-2016 Global Bitcoin Development Research Report" released by Huobi, Tsinghua University PBC School of Finance's Internet Finance Laboratory and Sina Technology mentioned that blockchain is Bitcoin's underlying technology and infrastructure. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block. .
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgeable. Account book. Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and utilizes automated Smart contracts are composed of scripts that program and compute data in a new decentralized infrastructure and normalize computing.
Domestic blockchain application platforms include an asset custody system based on blockchain technology jointly developed by the digital currency crowdfunding platform Biying China, China Post and IBM.
Blockchain is a decentralized, distributed ledger system participated by nodes. The data stored on it cannot be forged or tampered with, and is open to the public. Transparent, the information and value recorded by each account at any point in history can be found on the blockchain. The characteristics of the blockchain protocol provide the necessary foundation for the execution of smart contracts. The contract can be automatically executed and trusted according to established conditions without the need for audit by any centralized organization.
Blockchain technology is the underlying core of the Bitcoin system. Its essence is a decentralized ledger. When people conduct transactions through the Internet, a new transaction will be recorded on the ledger, and this ledger is A decentralized ledger is jointly maintained by everyone in the network. People can see ongoing transactions at the same time, and control is not in the hands of institutions or individuals. Transactions cannot be tampered with or forged, and they will be permanently stored in the ledger.
For example, the Tongxin Huzhu blockchain mutual aid platform has four major characteristics in applying blockchain technology:
Openness and transparency
Openness and transparency, once all information recorded on the blockchain is recorded, it will be very It is difficult to tamper with and cannot be hidden, and users can check it at any time.
Democratic decision-making
Bottom-up decision-making, the blockchain proposes a variety of different consensus mechanisms to help users effectively form bottom-up decisions and jointly participate in major decisions.
Accurate execution of rules
Accurate execution of rules. The smart contract technology defined on the blockchain converts all rules into open and clear program codes, which can accuratelyIt will be executed without fail and no one can interfere once it is determined.
Never downtime
Never downtime, the blockchain based on the public chain is not affected by any organization or individual. As long as the incentive mechanism is effective and the Internet exists, the blockchain will exist.
What is blockchain? Blockchain is a decentralized shared accounting technology that allows all parties involved to establish a trusting relationship at the technical level. Blockchain can be roughly divided into two levels: one is the underlying technology of the blockchain; the other is the upper-layer application of the blockchain, that is, the transformation, optimization or innovative application based on the blockchain. Blockchain is still in its infancy. Many people have discussed with me how we can ensure both rights and privacy at the same time. Of course, we are just exploring now. We need fair content across the entire network and clear protection. This is what I can only say. So far, this is my arrangement for the future.
Blockchain concept? The idea of blockchain is to be completely decentralized and rely on decentralized justice. In that case, theoretically the cost will drop a lot, proving that real assets and property rights can directly correspond to each other on the Internet. It has solved the problems of decentralization and asset ownership that were not solved by the first generation of Internet information. How big a role does big data play in financial innovation now? Only by registering big data can we know who it belongs to. In fact, this has always been a problem that we cannot solve now. This is not a small problem. If there is a technology in the capital market that makes the property rights of things that were originally unclear clear, that will be a big problem for us. The entire market is undergoing a huge transformation.
What is blockchain? Blockchain technology itself can solve data ownership, pricing and sharing mechanisms. This still cannot completely solve certain problems. To give a simple example when it comes to user privacy, I have a piece of data placed on the machine. The partner comes over and makes an insurance analysis to analyze the cooperation. There is a risk here for Or not, can we deal with it or clarify the property rights of the laboratory, and then clarify the processing rights and data rights. The common products produced by everyone are common to everyone. If we need to divide different things, how to price them and how to divide them? In addition to the technology of blockchain and a decentralized database, when it comes to the above mentioned tasks, it is another issue, and then there is the issue of pricing and the market mechanism. All fields have proven to recognize this rule, so this I think blockchain is a very good core technology, but it cannot cover all problems.
Introduction to Bubi Blockchain
Bubi Blockchain is mainly positioned to provide commercial-grade blockchain infrastructure services, which mainly includes building a blockchain system and building on top of the blockchain system. A support system with high expandability. On top of this support system are applications from all walks of life. Bubi focuses more on the underlying technology of the blockchain. In the past three years or so, a team of more than a dozen people has devoted almost all their energy to the research and development of the underlying technology. The reason why Bubi Blockchain chooses points is because of the marketThe propulsion method has a little to do with it. As we all know, blockchain is a technology that is very suitable for the issuance and trading of digital assets. Points are a digital asset that is naturally legal and compliant, and has a small impact because of its small amount. Therefore, it is a very suitable choice to use points as your first attempt at digital asset issuance. Issuing points based on the blockchain can indeed bring great help to the circulation and mutual exchange of points.
What is blockchain? The application of blockchain technology in the field of property transfer is only one aspect. In addition to reducing property transfer costs, blockchain technology can also be applied to various fields involving company stocks, financial derivatives, and points programs of commercial institutions. The blockchain community is currently focusing on promoting the wider application of this technology in the field of financial assets. Relatedly, various platforms that are still under development have also received very considerable investment.
Blockchain concept? Structurally or by definition, these things are very different. The U.S. dollar, or any currency, from a typical definition, is primarily used as a medium of exchange or store of value for economic activities. Within the geographical scope where a certain currency circulates, people in the region reach a consensus on the use of this currency, making it convenient for everyone to use the same currency to purchase goods or services (the function of currency as a medium of exchange). There is a responsibility to manage the currency through monetary policy in order to ensure the preservation of the value of the currency and avoid the occurrence of inflation (the store of value function of currency). In today's world, almost everyone uses some form of currency in their daily lives.
What is blockchain? Even developers within the blockchain community often easily overlook the big picture mentioned above. There are many competitive projects in the blockchain community, and they are also full of various disputes about the evolution direction of blockchain technology. Over time, some projects in the community will be successful, and others will not be so lucky. Things will not always develop in the direction we expect, but no matter how these projects in the early blockchain community develop, one thing is very clear, that is, blockchain technology has brought us at least A revolutionary function: Blockchain technology will greatly reduce the cost of financial property transfer, and blockchain will be used to control, manage and transmit financial property.
What is blockchain? Blockchain concept? After a certain application analysis, we return to the starting point. The definition of this blockchain technology will surely become more and more abundant with the expansion of applications, and people will discover more mysteries of blockchain technology.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the basis for Bitcoin. underlying technology. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block. .
The blockchain is public on the Internet and can beQuery information on an offline Bitcoin wallet. The functionality of a Bitcoin wallet relies on confirmation with the blockchain, and a valid check is called a confirmation. Usually a transaction requires several confirmations before it can proceed. The lightweight Bitcoin wallet uses online confirmation, which means it does not download the blockchain data to the device storage.
Many of Bitcoin’s altcoins also use the same design, but are slightly different in proof of work and algorithm. For example, using proof of stake and SCrypt, etc.
Blockchain timestamp service and proof of existence
This concept was proposed in Satoshi Nakamoto’s white paper [1], who created the first block, the “genesis block”.
On January 3, 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto, the founder of Bitcoin, left an unchangeable sentence in the genesis block:
“The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second lout for banks (on January 3, 2009, the chancellor was on the verge of implementing a second round of bank bailout)."
It was then that the British chancellor Darling was forced to consider a second bailout of the banks. In a time of crisis, this sentence was the headline of a front-page article in The Times that day.
With the blockchain’s timestamp service and proof of existence, the time when the first blockchain was created and the events that were happening at that time are permanently retained.
The Bitcoin company BTCC launched a service "Millennium Chain" in 2015, which is a blockchain engraving service, which uses the above principles. Users can engrave text on the blockchain through this service and store it permanently.
Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ruitai Coin, and Qianjin Card are all digital currencies based on blockchain technology.
Chongqing Jinwowo analyzed: Blockchain is actually a decentralized distributed ledger database.
How popular is blockchain technology?
Blockchain technology makes DAC possible. DAC is something that can fundamentally subvert the organizational model of human society. I believe that its impact on society will surpass the Industrial Revolution and become the most profound change that the Internet has brought to the world.
The essence of blockchain technology is a method of data storage, transmission and certification that is decentralized and contained in a distributed structure. It replaces the current Internet with data blocks (Block). The road's reliance on the central server enables all data changes or transaction projects to be recorded on a cloud system, theoretically achieving self-certification of data during data transmission.
Blockchain technology can be applied to many industries:
Art industry
Ascribe allows artists to use blockchain technology to declare ownership, Issues can be numbered, the first version of the work, can be for any type of artwork in digital form. It even includes a marketplace where artists can buy and sell through their website without the need for any intermediary services.
Legal Industry
BitProof is the most advanced of the many document timestamp applications that have emerged in recent years, and will make traditional notarization methods a thing of the past. Compared with free versions including Blocksgin and OriginStaemp, BitProof provides more services, including one for intellectual property rights. Interestingly, BitProof recently collaborated with a San Francisco IT school to put all their students’ academic certificates on the blockchain, completely redefining how diplomas and student certificates are processed and used.
Development Industry
Colu is the first company to allow other companies to issue digital assets. They can "tokenize" various assets and have a profound impact on many people. Although the free Bitcoin wallet Counerparty also allows simple tokens to be issued and traded among other wallet holders, Colu tokens can be configured in various states and types, and can leave and return to the system. , and when storing data on the blockchain is too large, the data can be stored on the BitTorrent network.
Online Mutual Aid Industry
Tongxin Mutual Aid is the first blockchain online mutual aid platform to be implemented and applied. Technically, through blockchain and big data technology, it eliminates the shortcomings of the traditional online mutual aid model. Establish an open and transparent new online mutual aid platform.
Aite Cat is a virtual pet game produced under blockchain technology. This virtual cat is similar to Internet Letts Dog, 360 pet cat, and NetEase’s Planet are all the same type of blockchain virtual products. The difference between Aite Cat is that the entire cat design adopts a 3D three-dimensional effect, making the cat’s The display is no longer a single picture, allowing the cat to move, which increases the fun of the cat.
What technology is the Huangbao blockchain system?The Huangbao blockchain is a powerful decentralized loop intelligence system. The Huangchain chain is referred to as HUANG. It is the first to be used in financial services, advertising media, games and entertainment, various life applications and other fields, becoming a blockchain 3.0 The representative virtual currency of the era, Media Chain 3.0 technology has the core characteristics of being safer, more efficient, more flexible, and more open. The widespread application of its technology will surely trigger new forms and new ideas in the global media industry, which can Create convenient services and new concepts, which marks a new economic era before the public.
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