区块链区别,区块链的优势和劣势

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A. The pros and cons of registering a Thai foundation to issue ICO blockchain coins

The Thai government has lifted the ban on blockchain and begun to issue digital currency licenses. There are many‌‌ If people want to obtain a digital currency trading license in Thailand, they apply to register a Thai company. The previous issue also talked about the registration process. In this issue, we will talk about the pros and cons of doing a blockchain ICO project in Thailand.
First of all, let’s talk about the benefits:
First, Thailand is very close to China, making travel easy.

Second, the Thai government supports the development of blockchain and has policy support.

Third, the price of registering a company in Thailand is not high, and the price-performance ratio is good

Of course, there are advantages and disadvantages. Here we also list the disadvantages to see the same:

First, political instability will lead to unstable economic development.

Second, the follow-up service is imperfect and the price is high.

Third, late maintenance costs are high

Fourth, policy uncertainty is strong. According to statistics, a total of 19 military coups have occurred in Thailand since 1932. So this is also a big disadvantage of it.

After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages, let’s take a look at the comparison between Thailand and other countries. Take Singapore, which is close to him, as an example. Singapore is currently a popular place for blockchain registration. Compared with Thailand, Singapore has lower registration fees, complete follow-up services, and high cost performance. The most important thing is Singapore's political stability and developed economy, which cannot be compared with Thailand

B. Blockchain technology development path analysis which is the smooth commercial path

Blockchain The bright development of chain technology has been criticized and praised by major media, and has been somewhat settled. The year 2018 is a hot topic for the application of blockchain. Major companies and start-ups have revealed their own blockchain project news, which has attracted countless attention. There are currently only two blockchain paths in the world.

1. Public chain

Public chain is a decentralized blockchain technology development path. It is mostly used in to C, such as BTC and Ethereum. It is usually Considered a “fully decentralized” blockchain.

The advantages are: 1. Protect users from the influence of developers, absolutely fair and notarized.

2. The access threshold is low and anyone with sufficient technical ability can access.

3. All data is made public by default (participants’ identities are hidden), and their publicity is used to identify and exclude

their own security.

The disadvantages are: 1. The public chain is too "centralized" and is not suitable for the current stage.It is a commercial-grade application in the segment, and application expansion is limited.

2. The transaction computing power of the public chain is low (BTC7 transactions/s, ETH40 transactions/s), which cannot match the speed of current commercial transaction volume.

2. Alliance chain

Alliance chain is mainly cooperation between institutions. The nodes between institutions participate in a few transactions, and ordinary users do not participate in a few transactions. The developed applications are mainly for B-end users, and can also be extended to B to C. They are in line with the development and application of commercial-level blockchain technology. Currently, they are in the fields of "blockchain + supply chain finance", "blockchain traceability" and "electronics". It has many applications in “certificate deposit” and has obvious advantages.

Advantages: 1. Not absolutely decentralized, the form of alliance cooperation is more in line with the current commercial-level application of blockchain technology.

2. The participating nodes have high credibility. Participants are all relatively reliable institutions writing into the blockchain nodes, and the application is stable.

3. Transaction processing is efficient, using the consensus algorithm with an average of 20,000 transactions/s and a peak of 100,000 transactions/s, which meets the current market requirements of commercial transactions

.

Through the above comparison, it is not difficult for us to see the differences between the two mainstream approaches to blockchain technology development. Although the public chain meets the requirements of absolute fairness and low-threshold access, some privacy issues need to be redesigned and integrated for the industry. The matching is lacking and the amount of work is huge. At this stage, it is not suitable for practical implementation in commercial applications. A series of advantages of the alliance chain are in line with the requirements of commercial-grade blockchain!

On the issue of how to reasonably develop the alliance chain, the general manager of Wuhan Xianda Blockchain Technology talked about "FBA" The "Federal Byzantine" blockchain technology development model uses multi-node alliance chain consensus certificates to dialectically verify the authenticity of information. The computing power of the consensus algorithm can also efficiently handle a large number of commercial transactions, which can solve commercial price irregularities, certificate traceability, It also has a very good effect on counterfeiting and anti-counterfeiting for complex issues in the transaction process! It is an important path for the development of commercial-grade blockchain technology in the future.

C. What advantages does Quark QKI have compared to other blockchains?

The distribution rule adopted by Quark blockchain is PoS (Proof of Stake), but it may be large Some people don’t understand what POS means, what are the advantages of Quark using POS, and what is the conscience of the Quark blockchain project compared to similar platforms.
1. The distribution method adopted by Bitcoin is POW (Proof of Work), which means that if you want to obtain Bitcoin, you have to calculate a mathematical problem that requires a lot of calculations. Whoever calculates it first , the newly generated Bitcoins will be distributed to whom. POW mechanismIt has great advantages: good security, but there are also various problems: huge energy consumption, low efficiency, and the most important thing is that there are mining tyrants who monopolize mining rights. Individual miners who do not join a mining pool cannot mine Bitcoin. .
2. The hottest EOS project this year adopts the DPOS model (delegated POS), and EOS only allocates 5% of its shares! The vast majority of EOS is distributed in the form of ICO (private sale), and the ETH obtained is used to support the development and maintenance work of developers. Other projects also distribute most tokens in the form of ICO, usually 20% of the shares are reserved for developers, more than 50% of the shares are used for ICO, and only users of the remaining shares can participate in the distribution
3. Quark Zone To put it simply, the POS model adopted by the blockchain is to obtain computing power by freezing QKI (quark points), and allocate output based on computing power. A fixed output of 7,200 points is produced every day, 10% of which is fixedly allocated to the developer account, and the remaining The 6480 points will be distributed equally to each user according to their computing power. The advantage of POS is that there is no threshold for mining, and everyone’s output rate is the same. Take today’s (June 19) data as an example: today’s total computing power is 854447.792, and the output of each unit of frozen computing power is 0.007583845. For each user, the output is extremely fair.
4. Our Quark Blockchain distributes 90% of its output to users.
5. OTC transactions are free of charge. The Quark blockchain is open and transparent, and each transaction is traceable.

D. How to judge whether a blockchain project is worth investing in?

1. Project details

Project details are generally published by the project party on some ICO platforms , the platform is responsible for review, and detailed relevant information must be submitted when publishing. Available for user query. The following are what we need to refer to:

◆Whether the project team member information is fake

◆Whether the official website has been recently filed

◆Whether the total project quota is reasonable

◆Whether the additional issuance is excessive

◆Whether the project token allocation is reasonable

◆Whether the project development plan and development plan are clear

II. Product Analysis

Type: application, platform, underlying technology

Carry out corresponding analysis based on different blockchain projects to determine whether the project is suitable for development through blockchain technology and compare Analyze existing products in the industry. For example, a certain project is currently building a decentralized content distribution platform. We can refer to the better TOUs in the industry. As a unicorn in the field of content distribution, Toutiao has grown since its launch in 2012 and now has 500 million registered users and nearly 100 million DAU.

User composition: advertisers, content producers, content readers,

Content ecology: UGC+PGC content generation model has become complete, content composition is diversified, graphic information +Short video+Live broadcast

Profit model: e-commerce advertising, information flow advertising to monetize traffic,

Product advantages: large number of users, classified push of information based on specific algorithms, good user experience, and user habit development Cheng

Financing experience: Series C, US$1 billion

Based on the above information and comparing it with the project’s white paper, determine what are the real advantages of this blockchain project? If the project white paper cannot clearly describe the product architecture and just talks about concepts, then it is very likely that the product is unreliable.

3. Market analysis

Competing products: not only Sina, Sohu, Tencent, NetEase, Phoenix, Yidian, Zaker, Online News, Zhihu Daily and other major platforms. There are also a series of vertical content products competing with it.

Competition: A large number of users have developed fixed information acquisition habits, which indicates that the new platform will significantly increase the customer acquisition cost

4. User and usage scenario analysis

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◆Content readers: obtaining information, entertainment and relaxation, skill learning, emotional expression, eye stimulation, policy interpretation, consumption decision-making, etc.

◆Advertisers: attract traffic, promote products, and create brand tone.

◆Content producer: Produce high-quality content, receive advertisements, and earn advertising fees.

5. Analysis of industry issues

◆The platform’s definition of effective traffic and recommendation mechanism lead to unstable income for content producers

◆The impact of advertising placement on users The impact of experience

◆The effect of information flow advertising on certain types of products is poor

Attachment: A summary of recent projects on a blockchain crowdfunding project website

◆Internet of Things: Waltonchain

◆Social communication platforms: SNC, Matchpool

◆Asset trading: OmiseGo, OpenANX, Bytom, Gongxinbao

◆Cloud storage technology: STORJ, iex.ec

◆Application distribution, MobileGo

◆Electronic wallet: Status, Monaco

◆Content distribution: YOYOW

◆Smart Investment: CoinFeed

◆Smart Contract: Aeternity

◆Digital Advertising: YouWiFi, BAT

◆Company : Dcorp

◆ICO crowdfunding, venture capital fund: Onplace

◆Blockchain transactions: ICOcoin, Quantum Chain Qtum=

◆Medical care: Cloud Medicine Chain HIS, medical chain

◆Entrepreneurship incubator fund: Starta

◆Blockchain technology application

◆Digital assets: Tenx, Ruizi Chain, ZenGold< /p>

◆Game account system: ugChain

◆New media: Cloud Chain

◆Election: electionELC

◆Asset Exchange: SWFT Platform

◆Copyright: IPC Intellectual Property Chain, Printed Chain

◆Computing Power: SONM

< p>6. Technical strength analysis

◆Whether the core technology is innovative and industry-forward

◆Technical feasibility and implementation difficulty

◆Whether the product type is Can give full play to the advantages of blockchain technology

◆Whether the project releases a test network

◆Whether the project is open source, generally open source projects will be uploaded to github,

◆Which blockchain to develop based on

◆Which consensus mechanism to use

7. Team composition analysis

◆Are there any experts in the team

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Whether it is technology giants: such as stratis CEO Chris Trew, Eyal Hertzog of the Bancor founding team, Tenx investors include Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin and Fenbushi Capital partner Shen Bo, etc.

The initiator of a certain blockchain product crowdfunding project is Yang Mouke, the former co-founder of Bitcoin China, who launched the ICOcoin project. Or maybe the initiator of the blockchain project is Li Moulai, the "richest man in Bitcoin" in China, launching the Press one project. This can all mean that this project is reliable in a certain sense. Of course, there are exceptions, such as the recent case of Mr. Li, whose project caused outrage in the entire circle.

◆Is the team structure scientific?

Legal consultants, industry consultants, project management committees, third-party organizations

8. Reference blockchain project rating websites< /p>

Relatively reasonable, there are many rating websites, and the rating standards of each platform are also different. There may be a big gap in the ratings given by the same project on different platforms. At this time, we are needed

I have a deep understanding of the basic knowledge related to blockchain and am capable of certain self-judgment. Don’t trust experts. Many so-called experts may have interests tied to the sponsors of blockchain projects.

9. Direct communication

The last point is also the most important. Whether it is a face-to-face road show, or communication in a forum or community, people can intuitively understand whether the initiator of this project is reliable. Whether it is a blockchain product project or some technical questions, the project side can answer them. Whether it is reliable or not can be known once tested.

E. Is the blockchain of borderless currency at the top of the world? Compared with other virtual currencies, is its advantage obvious?

1. Technical support of the Borderless system
1) Efficient and scalable performance
Borderless system achieves over 100,000 batch transfers/s
High-performance blockchain technologyCryptocurrency and smart contract platforms are necessary to provide the industry with a solution that may replace existing financial platforms. In order to be able to achieve speeds faster than VISA and MasterCard can handle the number of transactions per second, Unbounded was redesigned from the ground up. Through the share authorization proof mechanism, Unbounded Network can confirm more than 100,000 transfer transactions in an average of one second.

Borderless system architecture overview
To achieve the top performance in the industry, Wujie draws on the experience of LMAX exchange. This LMAX exchange can process up to 6 million transactions per second. The key points of Unbounded’s technology are as follows:
a) Put everything in memory
b) Put the core business logic into a single thread
c) Operate the encryption algorithm (Hashes and signatures) outside the core business logic
d) Divide verification operations into state-independent and state-dependent checks
e) Use an object-oriented data model


Borderless System Core Business Endorsement
Blockchain is a global ledger that issues transactions to determine and modify a shared global state. These transactions contain commands that can change the validity of other transactions. For example, you cannot withdraw the amount from your bank account before your check is deposited. It is impossible to know whether a transaction is valid until all previous transactions that could affect a particular account have been processed. Transactions from two unrelated accounts can theoretically be processed at the same time if they do not share any common dependencies. In practice, identifying which transactions are truly self-contained on a ledger driven by arbitrated smart contracts is tricky. The only way to guarantee that two transactions are truly independent is by maintaining completely separate ledgers and then regularly transferring value between them. If you want to use this performance trade-off relationship as an analogy, it can be like a non-uniform memory access architecture (Non-The relationship between Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) and Uniform Memory Access Architecture (Uniform Memory Access (UMA)). In fact, a consistent memory access architecture is easier for developers to design and less expensive. Non-uniform memory access architectures are often adopted as a last resort when building supercomputers and large computer clusters. The computer industry gradually realized that achieving performance expansion through parallel computing was not as easy as it was in the early days. After all, the most important thing to do at that time was to increase the frequency of the processor. It is for this reason that processor designers are desperately trying to improve single-threaded performance before trying to use multi-threaded settings to improve performance. When multi-threading is not enough, and only then, cluster computing will be considered.

Many people in the cryptocurrency industry have tried to solve the scalability problem by using cluster computing solutions before exploring what a single core of a computer can technically achieve.
2) LMAX Disruptor decomposer technology
The LMAX Disruptor provides a learning example of what performance can be achieved on a single thread. LMAX is a trading platform for end customers with the goal of becoming the fastest exchange in the world. They have been generous in publishing what they have learned.

High-level overview of the LMAX architecture:
The business logic processor is where all sequential trading and order matching occurs. It is a single thread that can process millions of orders per second. This architecture can be easily used in the field of cryptocurrency and blockchain design. The role of the input decomposer is to collect orders from many users from different sources and assign them to a certain order. When they are assigned a sequence, they are copied, recorded, and broadcast to many redundant business logic processors. The input decomposer is highly parallel and can be easily packaged into a computer cluster system. After the business logic processor has processed the input, an output decomposer is responsible for notifying those who care about the results. This is also a highly parallel task. Ultimately, by using a single-threaded sample processor and a Java virtual machine in the business logic processor, LMAX can execute 6 million transactions per second. If LMAX can achieve this result, then cryptocurrency and smart contract platforms will not need to consider cluster network solutions when there are less than 10 transactions per second. High-Performance Blockchain

To build a high-performance blockchain, we need to use the same technology as LMAX. Here are a few things that must be implemented: keep everything on memory, avoid synchronization primitives (locks, atomic operations), avoid unnecessary calculations on the business logic processor. Since memory is designed to be highly parallel, and therefore getting cheaper. The amount of data required to track the account balances and permissions of everyone on the Internet can fit on less than 1TB of RAM, can be purchased for less than $15,000, and can be installed on a commodity (high-end) server on the motherboard. Before this system was adopted by 3 billion people, this type of hardware would be seen in ordinary desktop computers. The real bottleneck is not the memory capacity requirement, but the bandwidth requirement. At 1 million transactions per second and 256 bytes per transaction, the network would require 256MB of data per second, or 1Gbit/s of bandwidth. This kind of bandwidth is not common on ordinary desktop computers. However, this bandwidth is just a fraction of the 100Gbit/s bandwidth of the second-generation Internet. This second-generation Internet is supplied to more than 210 U.S. educational institutions, 70 corporations, and 45 nonprofit and government agencies.

In other words, blockchain technology can easily keep everything in memory, and if designed properly can scale to support millions of transfers per second.
3) Assign IDs and avoid hash calculations
In single-threaded systems, processor cycles are a scarce resource that needs to be reserved. Traditional blockchain design uses hash calculations based on encryption algorithms to generate a globally unique ID system to achieve a statistical guarantee that there will be no collisions. The problem with doing these hash calculations is that it consumes more and more memory and processor cycles. Compared to a direct array index, this approach takes significantly more processor time to look up an account record. For example, 64-bit integers are simpler to compare and operate than IDs with 160 or more bits. A larger hash ID mechanism means less space in the CPU cache and more memory is required. In modern operating systems, infrequently accessed random access memory will be compressed, but the hash identifier is a random number, which cannot be compressed. Model blockchain gives us a way to assign unique IDs globally that will not conflict with each other, thus completely avoiding the use of hash-based identifiers like Bitcoin addresses to reference an account , balance or permission.
4) Remove signature verification from the business logic processor
All transactions in the cryptocurrency network rely on cryptographic algorithm signatures to verify authority. In most cases, the requested permissions can be changed as a result of other transactions. This means that within the business logic processor, permissions need to be defined independent of encryption algorithm calculations.

To achieve this, all public keys need to be assigned a unique and irreplaceable ID. When an ID is assigned, the input resolver can verify that the provided signature matches the specified ID. When the transaction reaches the business logic processor, it only needs to check the ID.

This same technique can be used to remove precondition checks on objects with irreplaceable static IDs.
5) Design transactions for static verification
For transactions, there are many features that can be statically checked without referencing the current global state. These checks include range checking of parameters, deduplication of inputs, and array sorting. In general, there are a lot of checks that can be done if the transaction contains data that it "assumes" to be global state. After these checks are performed, all the business logic processor has to do is ensure that these assumptions are still correct. This process boils down to checking the modification timestamp of an object reference related to the transaction signature time.
6) Smart Contracts
Many blockchains are integrating a common scripting language to define all operations. These designs ultimately define the business logic processor as a virtual machine, and all transactions are defined as scripts run by this virtual machine. This solution has a single-threaded performance limit on a real processor, and the problem is exacerbated by forcing everything to execute through a virtual processor. A virtual processor will always be slower than a real processor even when using JIT technology, but computational speed is not the only problem with this "everything is a script" approach. When transactions are defined at such a low level, it means that static checks and encryption algorithm operations will still be included in the business logic processing, which will also reduce the overall throughput. A scripting engine should never make a request to perform a cryptographic algorithm signature check, even if this request is implemented through native mechanisms.

Based on the lessons we learned from LMAX, we know that a virtual machine designed for blockchain should take into account single-threaded performance. This means that the implementation should be compiled and optimized from the beginning, and the most commonly used smart contracts should be supported natively by the blockchain, while only those less commonly used, custom-made contracts will run on a virtual machine. These custom contracts are designed with performance in mind, which means that the virtual machine should limit the range of memory it can access to a level that can be placed on the processor cache.
7) Object-oriented data patterns
One of the benefits of keeping everything in memory is that software can be designed to mimic the relationships of real-world data. This means that the business logic processor can quickly find data based on pointers in memory, rather than being forced to perform costly database query tasks. This means that data can be accessed without copying and can be modified on the spot. This optimization provides an order of magnitude higher performance than any database-based solution.

The successful creation of efficient performance of Borderless unbounded systems is based on removing computing tasks unrelated to criticality, order dependencies and evaluations from the core business logic, and designing a system that can help optimize these mattersagreement. This is what Unbounded does.
98% of the virtual currencies in the market today cannot reach the borderless blockchain technology, and the advantages are very significant.

F. From what angles can we judge the quality of a blockchain project?

From an industry perspective, the development of the blockchain industry has made great progress this year. progress. Some projects we are familiar with have quickly entered the market over a period of time. But overall, the evaluation standards for blockchain projects in the market have changed a lot. So how should we judge whether a blockchain project is good or not?

3. The quantity and quality of ecological resources

When choosing a project, we also need to have a basic understanding and analysis of the ecological resources where the project is located. For example: who are the people in the ecological resources and which resources are more important. Whether the team currently working on the project has project implementation experience, whether the core team has very strong business capabilities, whether there are talents in the team, whether the team has a very good development plan, etc.

4. How is the community atmosphere and how is the user experience?

The community atmosphere can be said to be a very important factor in the success of a company. On this platform, in addition to the company, there is also the community. Community is a very important basic condition for a good project. If a project does not have the support of a community, it will ultimately be just a shell company. If a project itself is a community composed of ordinary users, then it will only be like this in its future development. For a project to be successful, it must have the support and support of users!

G. What are the advantages and disadvantages of NFT?

Based on the introduction to NFT, you may already have an idea of ​​the unique features of NFT. The following will introduce you to the ten main characteristics of NFT in detail:
(1) Unique: NFT contains information about the attributes of each token in its code, making it different from other tokens. Encrypted digital artwork may have encoded information embedded in each pixel, and encrypted game items may have many details underneath, allowing the game client to understand the items owned by the player and their attributes. One of the key differences between cryptocurrencies and non-fungible tokens is that each NFT is unique and complete and is not directly interchangeable with any other asset through identity, value and/or utility.

(2) Traceability: Each NFT has transaction records on the chain, from creation to transfer. Each token can be verified, proving authenticity and preventing fraud – crucial for owners and potential buyers!

(3) Scarcity: In order to make an NFT attractive to buyers, the NFT should have scarcity. This can not only ensure the long-term development of crypto assets, but also eliminate the hidden danger of shortage of supply.

(4) Indivisibility: NFT cannot be cut into parts for trading. Just like half a concert ticket won't be sold half way,NFTs also cannot be divided into smaller denominations.

(5) Programmability: Like all traditional digital assets and tokens built on smart contract blockchains, NFTs are fully programmable. Both the CryptoKitties and Axie Infinity projects have introduced breeding mechanisms to encode tokens. Each non-fungible token is composed of metadata that gives each token its personality, including size, owner name, scarcity, etc. The potential for NFTs is limitless.

(6) Ownership: NFT combines the best features of decentralized blockchain technology and non-fungible assets. Unlike ordinary digital assets that are issued and regulated by centralized entities, NFT cryptoassets can be withdrawn at any time and can also give the owner true ownership. True ownership is one of the key components of any NFT, and as the digital economy continues to evolve, there is no doubt that NFTs will play a key role in bringing the digital and physical worlds closer than ever before.

(7) Transferability: Because NFTs are decentralized, they do not require a central issuing agency and there is no third-party intervention, making their transfer easier. For example, in the gaming field, NFT solves the exclusivity problem in traditional games because assets can be easily transferred between different blockchain games. The assets that users build or purchase in NFT games are owned by the users personally rather than by the game company, so they can be transferred between different worlds and taken from one game to another.

(8) Standardization: Traditional digital assets do not have a unified way of expression, and by displaying non-homogeneous assets on the public chain, developers can build universal, reusable, and inheritable all Non-Fungible Token Standard. This includes basic primitives such as ownership, transfer, and simple access control.

(9) Liquidity: The rapid tradability of non-fungible assets will bring about an increase in liquidity. NFT marketplaces can cater to a variety of audiences, from serious traders to less sophisticated traders, making assets more widely available to more buyers. Just as the ICO craze of 2017 gave rise to a new class of assets driven by instant liquidity, NFTs expand the unique market for digital assets.

(10) Interoperability: The non-fungible token standard allows NFTs to be easily moved between multiple ecosystems. When developers launch new NFT projects, these NFTs are instantly viewable across dozens of different wallet providers, can be traded on marketplaces, and can be displayed in the virtual world because of open standards for reading and writing Data provides clear, consistent, reliable and permissioned APIs.