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① Energy Blockchain Research | Why do we need blockchain technology

When talking about blockchain technology with outsiders, they will always mention this question: Why Do we need blockchain? If you don’t answer it properly, even those who are interested may not want to know more, and it will make them think that blockchain does not bring anything new to the world.

In fact, blockchain technology has begun to get on the right track, and many industries have begun to use blockchain technology. Blockchain doesn’t always solve old problems in new ways. Compared with traditional methods, blockchain technology is safer, more cost-effective, and more transparent. This article will give answers to the above questions.

As we all know, the 21st century has brought about issues such as data breaches, misuse of personal information, and data insecurity. Blockchain combined with other technologies and services can help prevent some major information leaks and breaches because data is no longer stored in one place. If we want to truly understand how blockchain technology can help ordinary users, first, we must understand the types of services and platforms they use. For example:

Some blockchain companies are trying to replace all the products in the picture above. These attempted products are either decentralized or replaced by decentralized products. Many companies have shown time and time again that they don’t trust data and that users should get more out of it by selling their data to advertising companies.

The 2017 ICO boom swept the blockchain market, with hundreds of companies succeeding or failing seemingly overnight. But there are also benefits to this special investing period: Investors have learned how to spot innovative, high-quality companies. Some companies founded through ICOs still exist, while others raised funds during this period. The idea common to most companies is this: they allow users to control their data without interference or hosting. For example:

But is anyone really using these alternatives? The answer is yes, and it's growing well. Of course, some projects fail miserably and drag down the industry. After the ICO boom in 2017, if you pay a little attention, you will find that not all of these companies are successful. However, success often comes with failure.

Even some early projects that seemed very successful have gradually lost their former glory, such as CryptoKitties. But you can learn how to get better from failure. The entire industry, users, developers and investors learned a lesson in a previously oversaturated market: it learned how to get better. Users learned how to better allocate their time among many new projects; investors learned which projects to invest in; developers learned what works and what doesn’t; and the industry learned how much new development is sustainable of.

Good ideas are no longer enough. In addition, there is also a need for work productsproducts, specialized user groups and concepts. This is why Brave, Antube, and Alfa are some of the most forward-thinking projects on the market today—they answer the big question of why we need blockchain.

Data is important. When surfing the Internet, most Internet users provide data. This data is collected, classified, and monetized by large corporations. From this they learn who the user is and why they are buying. How to get users to buy is the key to their success. Alfa, Brave, and Antube are three unique companies trying to give users more control over their data.

Brave aims to transform the browsing experience. Previously, most people installed ad-blocking software on their browsers, but Brave is about to change that. Instead, the ad becomes an interactive experience that captures the user's attention in a short period of time, and all parties benefit.

Users should have more control over their data, but relying solely on blockchain and tokens will not solve the problem. A new blockchain with built-in economics should be developed.

Back to the original question: Why do we need blockchain?

It’s all about data. In the past, we relied on organizations to save data, but now blockchain provides users with keys and immutable records.

There are many ways to track the progress of a company or institution, but the easiest way is often to go straight to the source. Twitter will update in real time (Brave, Alfa, Antube), and checking forums such as Reddit, Bitcointalk, and articles on Hacker Noon can also provide valuable information. Whichever way you choose to update, just remember this: we want “our” data to belong to “us” — that’s why we need blockchain.

National Energy Information Platform contact number: 010-65367702, email: [email protected], address: People’s Daily, No. 2 Jintai West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing

② Everything Under the Internet, what has the blockchain brought to us

The transmission of Internet information has been widely used and developed in depth in the fields of business reception, culture and education, diagnosis and treatment, finance, industry and agriculture, driving It has integrated manufacturing, sales, operations, management and many other stages, while at the same time promoting the progress of online games, IT, news media, tourism and other related industries. The overall information management solution combined with the network has also demonstrated positive significance in the fields of public security agencies, securities, transportation and travel.

Internet technology has become an indispensable part of everyone's daily life. Internet technology is widely used in real life. big on the webYou can chat, play games, check items, etc. More importantly, you can also advertise and buy things on the Internet. Internet technology brings great convenience to our daily lives. On the Internet, people can search for their academic and career needs in the data knowledge base system to assist them in their work and study. Computers can be used for multimedia learning, playing games, watching TV series, reading information, and searching for information. But if you overdo it, there will be disadvantages, just like I am still at home online at night without sleeping.

③ Let’s talk about my personal views on the blockchain industry

Why various companies should join the blockchain industry

The development of the blockchain industry

The Blockchain 1.0 era is represented by Bitcoin. This period solved the problem of "decentralized" value transfer such as BTC LTC etc.

Blockchain 2.0 The era is represented by Ethereum. The smart contracts proposed by Ethereum during this period made the blockchain no longer just in the currency field. Blockchain can be applied to all walks of life. During this period, a large number of projects serving all walks of life emerged in an endless stream< br />
The blockchain 3.0 era is represented by many public chains. During this period, the computing speed of public chains has increased significantly, far exceeding that of Ethereum, so DAPP has exploded on a large scale.

To put it simply, if blockchain 2.0 is compared to 4G, then blockchain 3.0 is the 5G era.

What is the actual value of blockchain to traditional industries?

It can be interpreted from the following aspects:

(1) Blockchain Chain is a means of secure data processing.

Blockchain essentially has four indispensable core technologies, namely: distributed storage, consensus mechanism, cryptography principles, and smart contracts. Corresponding to data storage, data processing and updating, data security and data operations,

In order to get rid of various problems of current "centralized" servers, such as: hacker attacks, downtime, and selling user information blockchain Use these four core technologies for data processing so that the data becomes traceable and cannot be tampered with. All information will be recorded on the blockchain at the moment it is written, and subsequent transportation, sales, and supervision will also be completely recorded on the blockchain, and no one can change it without authorization. If a problem occurs in the future, the information at that time can be easily traced back to clarify accountability and compensation. This is why it is called a chain. Based on these characteristics, blockchain is used in areas where information fraud is serious, such as rights confirmation, medical care, and charity.

(2) Blockchain is a brainstorm.

Based on the "decentralized" nature of the blockchain, there is no authority in the blockchain industry, or in other words, every individual is the authority. Consensus is therefore adoptedThe mechanism, namely the "consensus mechanism", is based on the voting and trust of the nodes, so that all nodes in the entire system can store and update data freely and securely in the system. Different consensus mechanisms determine the different operating perspectives of the system

(3) The blockchain is a tokenization

Based on the tone of blockchain 1.0 and the idea of ​​​​2.0 , basically all blockchain operations require tokens, and the reward tokens used as bookkeeping become the result of the labor of the miners on the chain. The quality of the token affects the enthusiasm of miners to contribute. Tokens are very similar to stocks, so the quality of the token determines the quality of the company.

Enterprises on the chain

The blockchain is very different from the Internet. Its goal is not to make the company’s products easier to sell (because similar goals have made the Internet Achieved). Instead, some of the information carried by these products or services is placed on new infrastructure to generate new value. In consensus economics, this information is called an entropic asset. There are two reasons why it is called an entropy asset: first, it is scarce; second, it contributes to the formation of consensus.

Only information that is valuable for creating consensus enters the blockchain, which is a cost-effective thing. The most basic part is traceable product information, but traceable value is not necessary in every industry, and blockchain may not be able to solve the authenticity problem of the underlying assets well. Generally speaking, intangible assets are more suitable for being put on the chain, because the property rights system can be quickly improved by using the feature of “disclosure and confirmation of rights”.

However, one must be extremely cautious when putting physical goods on the chain. If IoT technology is used to achieve authenticity traceability, the legal currency price may be too high and the actual return is too low.

Enterprise on-chain is to carry out blockchain economic transformation of traditional enterprises, allowing them to operate on the chain and become a blockchain economic organization, which is enterprise on-chain. A standard blockchain economic organization is a distributed autonomous organization that replaces the traditional collaboration model by issuing certificates, building consensus, improving productivity, and allowing various stakeholders involved in creating wealth to have the long-term interests of the organization. Co-governance and shared power, the greatest value of enterprises on the chain is to provide new economic development momentum, reduce the production cost of enterprises, and increase the value of enterprise assets. Consumers can purchase tokens to share the development and benefits of enterprises; upstream and downstream companies can also purchase tokens to directly deduct payment for goods or other transactions; after the integration of the industry chain, everyone will jointly supervise the development of enterprises in the industry and maintain the tokens. The stability of the certificate. Today, many companies are beginning to set their sights on enterprise blockchain.

Difficulties in companies getting on the blockchain

1. First time involved in the blockchain industry and lack of information

2. Lack of successful candidates under the new token economic model Enterprise operating model

3. Lack of corresponding personnel for new technologiesOnly

4. The initial investment cost is huge

Faced with such problems, many companies are discouraged. In order to ensure the smooth progress of the company's on-chain, they can find blockchain industry services through BCSeeker supplier. BCSeeker allows providers and customers to find trading partners, seek services, and negotiate business on this platform in a free and open manner. It can be said that it has established a free matching market on the Internet without geographical and time barriers, and the whole process is convenient for both parties. Totally free.

BCSeeker has specially opened up a path for on-chain enterprises. What are you waiting for?

④ What is the impact of blockchain technology on modern society

Jinwowo Network Technology shares the impact of blockchain on society:
Future District Blockchain will be applied in any field and will have a great impact on human life. Blockchain application projects are roughly divided into: existence proof, smart contract, Internet of Things, identity verification, prediction market, asset trading, e-commerce, social communication, file storage, data API (application programming interface), etc.
If blockchain technology can be used to save it, there will be historical personal medical data, and the data will be available for future medical treatment or planning for one's own health, and the real owner of this data is the patient himself. Rather than a hospital or some third-party agency. In addition, these data have strong privacy, and the use of blockchain technology can also help protect patient privacy.

⑤ Inspiration from the use of blockchain in oil trading

We may be facing the dawn of a revolution, starting with a new, fringe Internet economy. Klaus Schwab, founder of the World Economic Forum (Davos Forum), said that since the invention of the steam engine, electricity and computers, people have ushered in the fourth industrial revolution - the digital revolution, and Blockchain technology is the result of the fourth industrial revolution. As the next generation of trusted Internet, blockchain will surely subvert all businesses above it and completely revolutionize and innovate the entire Internet-based enterprises, ecology, and industrial chain. Jack Ma once said: "Many people haven't figured out what the PC Internet is. The mobile Internet is coming. Before we figured out the mobile Internet, the era of big data is coming again." Now, can we add a sentence at the end? : "People haven't figured out what big data is yet, and blockchain is here again."
Blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed ledger database, the underlying technology of Bitcoin, and Bitcoin It is a relationship of companionship. Blockchain automation can reduce payment costs and shorten processing times, while the decentralized and open features help innovate within the platform and improve security. Financial institutions such as Goldman Sachs, Citigroup, and Nasdaq are actively exploring the application of blockchain in the financial field, and are vigorously deploying blockchain technology companies related to financial transaction clearing.
"HuaWall Street Journal hailed blockchain technology as the most important innovation in the financial field in the past 500 years. "William Gibson once said: "The future has already happened, it just hasn't caught on yet. "I believe that blockchain technology can lead the development of the computer and Internet fields in the next 5 to 10 years. We can already vaguely hear the thunder of revolution set off by blockchain technology in the near future.
We often say , Bitcoin and other electronic currencies with blockchain technology as the core are the main branches and manifestations of the technological finance that is exploding in full swing. If artificial intelligence robots will subvert almost all businesses of traditional banks, then digital currencies, especially blockchain Digital currencies such as Bitcoin with technology as the core will subvert central banks around the world. This will be a revolutionary and subversive event in the history of world financial development.
No, just when we were describing and talking about blockchain technology, something came out Blockchain technology has begun to be used in oil trading.
In late March 2017, Trafigura and Natixis, a trading company, were looking for cheaper ways to streamline trade processes and jointly tested the zone The application of blockchain to trading in the U.S. oil market shows how digital technology could transform crude oil trading. Since November 2016, Trafigura and Natixis have been simulating blockchain operations using crude oil trading channels in Texas. The technology It can eliminate the tedious paperwork in oil trading such as sending contracts, letters of credit, inspections, etc. by email or fax.
Arnaud Stevens, global head of energy and commodities at French bank Natixis in New York City, said: "The purpose of using blockchain It’s all about integrating workflow. Moreover, blockchain can also cut time costs in oil trading. ”
This attempt is the first attempt of blockchain in the U.S. oil market. In January 2017, Marco Dunand, CEO of Swiss Mercuria Energy Group, revealed in an interview with Reuters that the group had previously used blockchain Technology sells crude oil from Africa to China.
Blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed ledger database. Blockchain automation can reduce payment costs and shorten processing time, and the decentralized and open characteristics help Innovate within the platform and improve security. This is the direct benefit and purpose of using blockchain technology in oil trading. Christophe Salmon, Chief Financial Officer of Trafigura, said: "Major oil traders and refineries should widely use blockchain technology. We hope that more people will see the potential business benefits of blockchain. ”
The person in charge of another major commodity trader said: “Trade financing provided by banks in the form of distributed ledger databases (such as blockchain) can significantly reduce costs.This can also improve safety. "
Trafigura and Natixis Bank's test of blockchain in oil transactions was led by IBM. James Wallis, vice president of the blockchain technology company, said frankly: "The test does not actually require a lot of manpower and material resources. ”
Mr. Stevens also said: “A huge trading network must be established so that blockchain can be better integrated into the crude oil market. Currently, Natixis Bank is already discussing how to use blockchain with oil traders and other commercial banks. ”
This kind of decentralization, transparency, openness, supervision, traceability and other characteristics have marginalized traditional sovereign currencies. The huge significance behind this is just like the most famous “prophet” Kevin in the Internet field. ·Kelly pointed out in the book "Out of Control" that the trend of the future world is decentralization. Adam Smith's "invisible hand" is a good summary of the decentralized nature of the market. Point to point The shortest straight-line distance between people is the shortest, and the best mode of communication between people should also be direct communication. No matter which aspect you approach, the nature of the decentralized market is irrefutable.
Point-to-point, straight-line, decentralized ization, de-multi-linking, sharing and symbiosis, resource integration and allocation in a transparent and open manner, visible to everyone and supervised, these can only be achieved by Internet big data and blockchain technology.
After thousands of years of complexity, humankind has It is indeed "too tiring" to interpret evolution. Industry 4.0 technology and the digital revolution represented by the Internet, big data, cloud computing, blockchain technology, artificial intelligence, etc. may bring mankind back to the "advanced" simple relationship transactions. Primitive society". This may be the biggest change, revolutionary and subversive that the digital revolution has brought to us.
The trend of the future world is decentralization! Blockchain may be an innovative technology that realizes decentralization. Decentralization took the lead in technological finance.

⑥ What changes will blockchain technology bring to our lives

Don’t promote blockchain technology too much. To put it bluntly, it is a distributed accounting system. It is not a new technology. If there were no Bitcoin, people might never pay attention

⑦ What is the mystery of blockchain technology? What impact does it have on people's production and life?

Bitcoin is a virtual currency invented in late 2008 and early 2009. He published an article "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System". And Blockchain technology is a technology he used. In other words, Bitcoin is the world's first "decentralized" digital currency. In order to invent it, Satoshi Nakamoto created a new technology and turned it into Named "blockchain". In 2019, the country highly emphasized the need to accelerate the development of blockchain technology and industry in collective learning. BlockchainAn important feature is that it is decentralized, cannot be tampered with, and cannot be forged.

Blockchain technology will definitely have great potential in the future. Now it is a new technology, and people may not be familiar with it, so their acceptance is not high. However, with the support of national policies, the advantages of blockchain technology have become more prominent, and the fields of application will be more extensive in the future.

⑧ What signals does the Blockchain 3.0 era give us?

2017 is the first year of the outbreak of blockchain, and 2018 will be the first year of the implementation of blockchain.

What kind of changes has the blockchain brought to the world from the 1.0 era to the 3.0 era?

The development of blockchain can be divided into three stages: peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts and pan-blockchain application ecology (Token economy)

Blockchain 1.0 Era: Digital currency return rate is king

The 1.0 era now mostly refers to the digital currency era centered on Bitcoin. Digital currency transactions are the most important form for people to participate in the blockchain. At this stage, few people really pay attention to the application value of digital currency, let alone the practical value of the blockchain technology behind it. People focus on the rate of return of digital currency, which is equivalent to buying a stock on a different market, but this "stock" is relatively Active, the rate of return is astonishing, and of course it is also full of disasters.

Blockchain 2.0 era: smart contracts provide infrastructure support for upper-layer application development

The "smart contract" era is the real Programmable blockchain, usually represented by "Ethereum", supports Turing-complete scripting language at this stage, providing the necessary infrastructure for developers to develop any application on the "operating system" they set, realizing The actual application of virtual world has been implemented. The biggest contribution of Blockchain 2.0 is that it completely subverts the concepts of traditional currency and payment through smart contracts. In the era of Blockchain 2.0, the blockchain forms a trust foundation based on its traceability and non-tampering characteristics, providing a basis for smart contracts. A trustworthy execution environment makes it possible for contracts to be automated and intelligent. The biggest difference between smart contracts and traditional contracts is that they are not restricted by real social laws. For the contract subject to automatically execute the agreement after triggering the contract terms, the arbitration platform no longer determines the execution results in the smart contract but assumes responsibility. Responsibility for execution

Blockchain 3.0: The disruption to business lies in its transformation of production relations

We are now at the junction of the 2.0 era and the 3.0 era. The 3.0 era can be called It is people's ideal vision for the future virtual digital currency economy. In blockchain 3.0, people can truly realize assets on the chain, build a variety of applications within a large underlying framework, and create a seamless A platform with trust costs, super transaction capabilities, and extremely low risks can be used to realize the increasingly automated distribution of physical resources and human assets around the world, and promote science, health, education, etc.large-scale collaboration in the field.

Blockchain 2.0 builds infrastructure such as digital identity and smart contracts. On this basis, the complexity of the underlying technology is hidden, and application developers can focus more on application logic and business logic level. That is to say, we have entered the blockchain 3.0 era, and the symbol is the emergence of Token. Token is a value transmission carrier on the blockchain network, and can also be understood as a pass or token.

Token’s greatest impact on human society is its transformation of production relations. Joint-stock companies will be replaced, and every actual participant becomes the owner of productive capital. This new type of production relations encourages every participant to continuously contribute their own productivity, which is a great liberation of productivity. If this business activity is mapped to inflation in real society, as long as the former outperforms the latter, every Token holder will make a profit over time.

It is too early to talk about Blockchain 3.0. Although Blockchain has gone out of the conceptual stage, the current status of Blockchain technology development is that the underlying technology is still It is not mature enough and its applicable scenarios are relatively limited. On the one hand, there is still room for optimization and improvement in core blockchain technologies such as consensus algorithms; on the other hand, the processing efficiency of blockchain is still difficult to meet the requirements of some high-frequency application environments in reality. Moreover, the current mainstream blockchain technology platforms all originated from abroad. Domestic blockchain technology service providers must patiently start from the bottom development, achieve independent and controllable technology, and strive to lead the development of global blockchain technology. time period.

Competing among the heroes, the company that laughs last must be the company that really focuses on researching technology and developing practical applications! According to my observation, among the various applications based on Ethereum, the SEC social e-commerce chain has a very high chance of being implemented, and it is likely to become a killer application. There is a weekly report on the SECblock official account, which shows that the team is working hard.

⑨ What signals does the Blockchain 3.0 era give us?

In 2020, blockchain was included in the category of “new infrastructure” by the country, and at least 7 provinces introduced district Blockchain support policy. In the same year, blockchain technology was gradually moving from concept to implementation, with many application scenarios blooming. Various industry applications of "blockchain" have become a symbol of the continuous maturity of blockchain.

The development status of "blockchain" in 2020

In 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic swept the world, and the uncertainty of world economic development increased significantly. Governments and enterprises of various countries are exploring the use of emerging technologies to reduce economic and social operating costs, improve the operating efficiency of the real economy, and further find new growth points for economic development.

At present, blockchain is cross-innovating with new technology infrastructure such as cloud computing and artificial intelligence. More and more vertical fields of the real economy are showing the development pattern of "blockchain" and the "elimination trend". "real" good momentum.

In order to avoid straying from the real to the virtualIn addition to continuing to crack down on speculation, we must also guide the deep integration of blockchain technology with practical application scenarios. Therefore, various industrial application scenarios of "blockchain" have become one of the inevitable trends in the development of blockchain.

According to the "Blockchain White Paper (2020)" recently released by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, as of October 2020, more than 262 listed companies have been involved in the blockchain field, each from insurance , real estate, commercial department stores, security equipment, packaging materials, telecommunications operations and other 39 fields. In the blockchain information service registration list released by the State Internet Information Office, there are 45 listed company blockchain projects.

Among them, finance is the most explored scenario among blockchain technology application scenarios, with specific projects implemented in subdivisions such as supply chain finance, trade finance, payment and settlement, and fund management. The white paper shows that as of November 2020, among the domestically registered blockchain information services, the number of projects in the financial (including supply chain finance) field ranks first, accounting for as high as 36%.

As the implementation of blockchain applications accelerates, "blockchain" business has become the focus of development for Internet backbone enterprises to enter the blockchain industry. In addition to financial business, they actively deploy the Internet, traceability, and supply. Applications in chain & logistics, digital assets, government affairs and public services, intellectual property, law, medical and other fields.

At the same time, the industry is gradually understanding that blockchain is the basic component of trusted transactions, but this does not mean that blockchain can conquer the world. Blockchain needs to be combined with other technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, big data, 5G, etc. to use synergy to form integrated solutions to jointly promote digital transformation.

According to relevant data, the current application of blockchain is mainly in the field of certificate storage. Blockchain has entered into how to make it better from an engineering perspective, more credible, more stable, and more scalable. Well, a stage that can accommodate more nodes. He Baohong, director of the Institute of Cloud Computing and Big Data of the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, believes that this process will continue for some time or longer. In the next step, blockchain technology competition will shift from engineering optimization and improvement to technology ecology and business ecology.

In addition, it is understood that the blockchain industry is improving in the long term, and industry cognition has returned to rationality. With the central government's planning and guidance for the development of blockchain technology, my country's blockchain has clarified the development ideas based on the alliance chain, focusing on serving the real economy and optimizing public services, and the direction of industrial development has become clearer. At this stage, the confidence of the majority of practitioners in blockchain continues to improve, and the long-term strategic value of blockchain is generally recognized.

What is the prospect of “blockchain” in 2021?

As my country’s blockchain industry chain gradually improves, most blockchain companies not only focus on one aspect, but also show a trend of coordinated development in multiple fields. According to statistics, among the 801 blockchain information service registration lists released by the Cyberspace Administration of China, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Shandong are the provinces and cities with the most registered companies.

And technical characteristicsThe corresponding core role of blockchain is mainly reflected in the three aspects of certificate storage, automated collaboration and value transfer. As its value potential continues to be tapped, application scenarios have gradually moved from the breakthrough point of finance to the real economy, government affairs and people's livelihood. Field expansion.

The core value of blockchain for the real economy is to promote efficient collaboration between upstream and downstream industries and improve the efficiency of industry-finance integration. In the early stages of development, the blockchain application model mainly focused on the storage of documents, contracts, etc. At this stage, blockchain industry applications are gradually moving towards automated collaboration and value interconnection such as government data sharing, supply chain sales collaboration, and cross-border trade.

2020 is the warm-up for 2021. In 2021, the use of blockchain, distributed ledgers, and smart contract tools will continue to grow as it did in 2020. With the continuous deepening of blockchain technology, the foundation of the blockchain industry will become better and better, the industrial ecology will also develop rapidly, and the industrial chain will become increasingly widespread.

From the perspective of industrial structure, the blockchain industry is mainly divided into four parts: underlying technology, platform services, industrial applications, and peripheral services.

The first three parts show a relatively obvious upstream and downstream relationship. The underlying technology part provides the necessary technical products and components of the blockchain respectively. The platform service part builds an area that can run corresponding industry applications based on the underlying technology. The industrial application part of the blockchain platform mainly uses blockchain technology to develop industry applications based on the actual scenarios of various industries and realize the innovation of business collaboration models within the industry.

The peripheral services part provides supporting services to the industry, including industry organizations, market research, standard formulation, system evaluation and certification, industry media, etc., to provide impetus for the development of industrial ecology.

Among them, as far as the industrial application of blockchain is concerned: Blockchain is the innovative development result of information technology, and it is also the main booster for the reconstruction of business processes and the innovation of industrial interaction models in various industries.

Blockchain has gradually expanded from the initial digital finance to supply chain finance, product traceability and other fields. Now it has been explored and applied in government affairs, people's livelihood, industrial management and other industries, and its application scenarios are becoming increasingly rich, presenting It has shown a development trend of deep integration with other industries.

At present, domestic enterprises are focusing on the development of applications related to serving the real economy and improving government affairs and people's livelihood. Among them, supply chain finance and product traceability have accounted for half of all applications. Others, such as government affairs and people's livelihood, have become the future of manufacturers. Key layout areas are about to experience explosive growth.

After blockchain investment cooled down in 2020, the blockchain industry may begin to gradually become more rational in 2021. However, a relatively complete industrial chain and active market entities provide a good foundation for the integrated development of the blockchain industry. The blockchain industry will also show a positive development trend in terms of policy support, ecological construction, platform services, application implementation, and integrated innovation.

⑩ Re-understand the blockchain: Enlightenments brought by more than 1,550 application cases

Author: Ran Wei

(This article excerptsSelected from "2021 Global Blockchain Application Market Report")

When we talk about blockchain, anyone who knows something about blockchain can speak more or less about related topics. Express some of your own opinions. For example: from the perspective of technical system, blockchain is a new application of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm; from the perspective of functional attributes, blockchain is decentralized, non-tamperable, and full-process. Features such as leaving traces, traceability, collective maintenance, openness and transparency.

Looking back at the history of blockchain, there is no way around Bitcoin. On January 3, 2009, the Bitcoin genesis block with serial number 0 was born. A few days later, on January 9, 2009, Bitcoin block number 1 was born. When two blocks are connected, the blockchain is "born."

The inventor of Bitcoin, whose pseudonym is "Satoshi Nakamoto", may find it difficult to imagine: In the past 12 years, with Bitcoin as the center, a huge "cryptocurrency family" has spread all over the world. The financial market set off a "big wave" that continues to this day. During this period, innovation and risks related to cryptocurrency are intertwined, progress and bubbles coexist, and pursuit and criticism coexist, and it drives government departments of various countries to continuously improve the monetary and financial systems, social governance and supervision systems.

At the same time, the blockchain that accompanies Bitcoin is also evolving rapidly, and has long gone beyond the scope of "Bitcoin's underlying technology" and has been applied to every corner of social and economic development.

So, what mechanism does blockchain work through? What are its advantages compared to traditional technologies and models? What is its application effect? In the "2021 Global Blockchain Application Market Report" jointly released by Capital Lab and Yuanwang Think Tank, we tried to provide a certain basis for the above issues through research on more than 1,550 application cases around the world in 2020 and the first quarter of 2021. Empirical answer. At the same time, based on the study of these cases, we can establish a new understanding of blockchain: blockchain is trust, blockchain is sharing, blockchain is transaction, blockchain is substitution, and blockchain is efficiency.

In the Bitcoin creation paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Currency System", "Satoshi Nakamoto" repeatedly emphasized that Bitcoin has the characteristics of not relying on a "trusted third party". That is the characteristic of “decentralization”.

On the other hand, the underlying technology of Bitcoin, the blockchain, is precisely designed for "trust." In other words, reshaping "trust" in the digital age is the most basic function of the blockchain, but this trust has been transformed from trust between people and legal entities to trust between machines and machines. Trust between blocks and between nodes. Interestingly, the subsequent "smart contract" function has been further strengthened through the integration with the blockchain.This kind of trust.

Identity coding and authentication are the first steps to achieve the above-mentioned trust mechanism, and the distributed identity (Decentralized Identity, DID) system is the core of it. With DID applications, everyone from individuals to organizations to IoT devices, from physical items to virtual products, can be given digital "identities" and achieve trusted interactions. It is precisely because of this that blockchain-based certificate storage, empowerment, verification, circulation, and transactions can be realized, and only then can blockchain be implemented in various industries.

Application cases from around the world show that new trust mechanisms provide new rules and motivation for social and economic operations:

l China is comprehensively promoting blockchain electronic certificates Applications such as "one fish, one code", "one fruit, one code", "one tea, one code" and other applications are driving the global Anti-counterfeiting traceability of agricultural products and upgrading of food safety systems;

l Through the combination of blockchain, big data, and artificial intelligence, the credit "portrait" of an enterprise is more accurate and can be obtained faster and more accurately. Lower-cost financing services;

l Public welfare organizations have put charity funds "on the chain" to form a more transparent and standardized public welfare tracking and management system;

l Relevant cities in China have launched a blockchain-based gas cylinder product traceability management system, and the credibility of the source of gas cylinder file information and the level of gas cylinder safety management have been greatly improved;

l Germany is developing its distributed energy resources Assets establishes a digital registration system based on identity authentication to promote the development and trading of renewable energy and cope with the arrival of the digital energy era...

Among the three types of blockchains (public chain, alliance chain, private chain), alliance chain has been the most widely used. In addition to considerations of technical performance, operational efficiency, operability, expected results, etc., this is mainly because all parties in the alliance already have a certain foundation of trust. This also shows from another perspective that in blockchain applications beyond cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, "multi-centralization" rather than complete "decentralization" is a more realistic option.

In addition, it is undeniable that unlike the proof-of-work mechanism that Bitcoin “mining” relies on, the blockchain cannot completely ensure the integrity of the on-chain data from the source in the actual application process. Authenticity. In other words, a certain alliance member or node may provide false data intentionally or unintentionally. However, with the help of blockchain's non-tampering, traceability, multi-party consensus and other characteristics, the alliance can identify counterfeiting behavior and impose corresponding punishments, such as "kicking" the counterfeiting members from the nodes. Therefore, in a sense, blockchain-based trust is to a large extent established by alliance members on the authenticity of data.sexual awe, and the shock of data fraud.

If "trust" is the foundation of blockchain applications, data sharing is the core of blockchain applications. Without data sharing, there will be no cooperation, and the practical application of blockchain will be impossible.

l The State Administration of Foreign Exchange's "Cross-border Financial Blockchain Service Platform" pilot has been fully launched, promoting foreign trade exports through information exchange between foreign exchange bureaus, taxation, banks and enterprise-related market entities. Business development;

l The "Insurance/Claims Alliance Chain" jointly established by 11 insurance companies in Taiwan has been put into operation, and each company has achieved "single application and common documents" on this platform;

l Blockchain platforms such as Contour and TradeLens are reshaping the global supply chain and providing impetus for the digital transformation of international trade through data collaboration among enterprises, financial institutions, shipping companies, terminals, customs and other institutions... .

l In China, through data collaboration, various government departments have realized "one data, one source, one source for multiple uses, one network, and full network operation";

l Through The "Judicial Chain" platform enables all types of electronic evidence to be seamlessly connected with judicial institutions such as notarization, arbitration, judicial appraisal, and courts, which improves the efficiency of the judicial system while reducing costs;

l Targeting grassroots nationwide The court's "cross-domain collaboration mechanism for trial auxiliary matters" can realize "cross-domain service and cross-domain evidence collection" between courts in different regions, effectively improving the efficiency of trial auxiliary matters and trial quality and efficiency, and reducing judicial operation costs... ….

l China's "Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Combination Port" project was officially launched, which can support the interconnection and interoperability of trade parties among the five major customs jurisdictions of the Greater Bay Area and become the first connected port in the Greater Bay Area , customs, logistics, enterprise, finance and other trade processes, interconnected and shared blockchain network;

l Japan's KDDI Telecom, Hitachi, Kansai Electric Power, Sekisui Construction and other large enterprises have established blocks Chain Alliance NEXCHAIN ​​to form a cross-industry real estate information sharing and management model and promote cross-industry innovation;

l The French Renault Group completed the test of its blockchain project "XCEED" for zero Sharing compliance information between component suppliers and automakers and simplifying compliance certification….

Although the above application cases in finance, government affairs and various industries are only a few typical cases, they are enough to illustrate that: on the one hand, data sharing is an inherent requirement of blockchain applications. In terms of specific implementation, everything must start from breaking "data islands" and "information asymmetry"; on the other hand, the application practice of blockchain has in turn promoted cross-level, cross-department, cross-industry, cross-region, and cross- Data sharing across national borders and unprecedentedSome cooperate.

It can also be seen from the above cases that based on the transparency, security, trustworthiness and other characteristics of the blockchain, data sharing allows cooperation that originally seemed impossible to be achieved, and more Open innovation results; data sharing can effectively improve the operating efficiency of business systems, financial systems and social governance systems; various organizations promote their own organizational changes and process changes while sharing and cooperating with external institutions.

Based on trust and sharing, "transaction" is the most intuitive and deepest manifestation of the value of blockchain applications. Currently, blockchain is opening a new chapter in the transformation of transaction models in various industries around the world.

From a functional architecture point of view, blockchain-based transactions are by no means just a change in the transaction process, but integrate the unique functions of the blockchain, which are the key to anti-counterfeiting traceability, supply and demand docking, and warehousing. Integrated integration of blockchain applications such as logistics, payment/settlement, supply chain financing, insurance, and network security.

In terms of application form, blockchain-based transactions transcend the traditional concept of product or service transactions and represent the realization of the value of a wider range of data in circulation.

From the perspective of application scenarios, transactions based on blockchain involve the upgrading of the physical industry, the digital advancement of the financial industry, and the innovative application of the "token economy".

In the physical industry, take the application of agricultural blockchain as an example: on the one hand, supply chain traceability based on blockchain has become an important barrier to food safety; but on the other hand, for growers or For farmers, the supply chain traceability function is far from enough. How to help them expand the sales of agricultural products and obtain more income as much as possible is the "hard truth" for blockchain technology to continue to promote agricultural development. In other industries, the same applies.

Against the above background, new trading platforms in the global physical industry continue to emerge:

l The Indian government uses blockchain platforms to help farmers in remote areas sell agricultural products to reduce the While eliminating intermediate fees, obtain higher income;

l The Swiss company Cerealia builds a blockchain-based agricultural product trading and financing platform to promote the export of agricultural products in emerging market countries around the world;

l The world's largest independent refined sugar producer, Al Khaleej Sugar Company of the United Arab Emirates, launched DigitalSugar.io, a blockchain-based sugar product trading platform, to realize spot-based international raw sugar trading;

l Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, has launched an international timber electronic trading platform based on blockchain, which will manage the entire timber transaction process on the chain, and will provide the timber market with full industry chain services such as cloud warehouse supervision, logistics, finance, and insurance;
< br /> l Shandong Province startedShandong Internet Traditional Chinese Medicine Trading Platform will realize online integrated services of quality control, transaction, payment, settlement and supervision through blockchain and other technologies;

l Weitang Town, Xiangcheng District, Suzhou released a district-based The blockchain-based pearl online trading platform will store the core parameters and test reports of pearls on the chain, and will also add functions such as supply chain management, trade finance, smart contracts, payment settlement, and incentive mechanisms;

l Honeywell launched GoDirect Trade, an online trading platform for new and second-hand aircraft parts, providing a valuable reference for large manufacturers on how to apply blockchain to parts trading and circulation...

In the financial industry, blockchain is promoting the digital advancement of financial transaction business in aspects such as securities trading, asset securitization, trade financing, and cross-border settlement:

l The Australian National Stock Exchange has launched ClearPay, a digital securities trading platform based on distributed ledger technology, which can provide multi-currency, real-time DVP settlement on the same day and will replace the original exchange settlement system;

l Switzerland The company Finka has launched a related securitization token investment platform based on livestock from organic pastures in Bolivia to promote the development of the local livestock industry;

l The American company Securitize has established a Japanese real estate investment platform based on digital securities , aiming to revitalize idle real estate in rural Japan and enhance the vitality of the rural economy;

l China Postal Savings Bank and China Construction Bank completed the first cross-blockchain platform forfaiting transaction, Hua Xia Bank Kunming Branch’s first Realize forfaiting resale business in the secondary market;

l Nanjing Iron and Steel completed blockchain-based iron ore transactions with Rio Tinto of Australia and Vale of Brazil respectively;
< br /> l Baosteel Co., Ltd. and Australia's Rio Tinto completed the first blockchain-based RMB cross-border settlement transaction...

Of course, while blockchain promotes the advancement of financial transaction business, dark sides such as hype, scams, money laundering, and cyber attacks related to blockchain and cryptocurrency continue to follow. How to continue to promote financial innovation while also carrying out efficient risk prevention and control and effectively cracking down on illegal crimes is an important issue that requires long-term response. From a global perspective, China has responded with clear attitudes, strict measures, and effective measures in this regard.

The transaction changes realized by the blockchain in the real industry and financial industry are only the initial stage of the blockchain changing the traditional transaction method. The "Token Economy" is the blockchain "transaction" A higher level of functionality.

Under the framework of the "token economy", from electronic certificates to skill certificates, from credit records toRecords of participation in public welfare activities, from social media tracks to carbon emission reduction actions, when various data become encrypted digital proof of rights and interests, and can be circulated and exchanged, they are given the "token" function.

Regardless of the investment/speculation craze of "Non-Fungible Token (NFT)", we can already see many early applications of "token economy" around the world:

l The HotCity project supported by the Austrian government uses a crowdsourcing model combined with blockchain and gamification tokens to encourage residents to submit heating waste heat hotspots to meet urban heating needs more efficiently;< br />
l Ford establishes "Green Miles" for commercial and municipal fleets using hybrid vehicles to help improve urban air quality;

l Weibin District, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, in its In the blockchain industrial park project, tokens are issued based on the points system for merchants and enterprises to establish a new commercial service platform;

l Chengdu released a blockchain-based community governance product "Chain Community", Residents can earn "time bank" points on the platform through volunteer services and other activities, and exchange them for benefits and discounts provided by community merchants;

l Global non-profit organization "Mobile Open Blockchain Plan" The Electric Vehicle Charging Network Working Group (EVGI) launches a global standard system for decentralized vehicle charging technology, covering the Tokenized Carbon Credit (TCC) scenario;

l Blockchain reward platform MiL. k cooperates with a Korean retailer to provide blockchain-based points management services to its members. Members can convert existing points into local MLK tokens through the MiL.k platform, or exchange them into other third-party points...

As can be seen from the above cases and more, the "token economy" has several distinctive features:

The "token economy" gives assets to a wider range of data Attributes and tradable attributes, and through cross-domain and cross-platform mutual trust and circulation, can improve the operating efficiency of the entire social and economic system;

"Token economy" is a new value creation and The realization process does not necessarily use currency directly as the medium of exchange, but is more reflected in the exchange, mutual benefit and reallocation of various elements and resources;

"Token economy" is often combined with incentive mechanisms. At the same time, through incentives for "good people and good deeds", "good companies" and "good institutions", the social value system and social credit system will be effectively reshaped.

Generally speaking, the "token economy" will spawn new factors of production, reshape production relations, and greatly liberate social productivity; the "token economy" represents the direction of the "information Internet"The evolution of the "Internet of Value" indicates the most exciting future of the digital economy; the "token economy" based on the blockchain has begun to take shape and has begun to bring changes to economic operations, social governance, and everyone's lifestyle. Continuously visible change. All types of institutions and individuals should be mentally and physically prepared for this change.

Like other new technologies, in the process of application and popularization, blockchain continues to produce substitution effects in terms of platforms, media, models, methods, etc.: physical documents are replaced by electronic documents, and credit records are replaced by electronic documents. Passes are replaced, manual review is replaced by data verification, and the city management platform is replaced by the "city brain"...

Such substitutions have become the norm:

l The Central Bank of Argentina has begun a proof-of-concept for a new blockchain clearing system, which may replace the existing clearing system;< br />
l Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation (KOMSCO) expanded its blockchain digital gift certificate business to replace paper gift certificates and achieved record revenue despite a sharp decline in the issuance of banknotes and coins. Improvement;

l Courts across China have begun to use blockchain electronic seals to replace traditional paper seals in the enforcement of real estate seizures;

l The Shanghai court system is using artificial intelligence , the adoption of new technologies such as blockchain, and explore the use of digital court trial records to replace manual court trial transcripts;

l The Japanese company SUSMED launched a "Clinical Data Monitoring System Demonstration Using Blockchain Technology" pilot, indicating that the drug Or the necessary monitoring process in clinical trials of medical equipment can be replaced by a blockchain system;

l Alipay and Wukong Car Rental have cooperated to launch a "face-swiping" car rental service, which uses blockchain technology and credit-free security mode, tourists can rent a car by simply "swiping their face" and return the vehicle through mobile operations;

l Under the new crown epidemic, local governments in China have intensively launched "non-face-to-face" vehicles that combine blockchain technology ", no contact, zero errands" government service has replaced the traditional offline service method, providing a strong guarantee for the smooth progress of remote bidding, "cloud" customs clearance, financial support, resumption of work and production, etc. during the epidemic... .

In addition, we can also see that through the use of blockchain technology, various enterprise-level services are also realizing substitution and evolution: from paper contracts to electronic contracts, to program-based, Blockchain contracts that can automatically execute smart contracts. Blockchain is pushing contract signing into the era of "chain signing"; from offline human resources companies to online human resources platforms to the blockchain-based human resources market , global human resources services have experienced continuous changes from the 1.0 era to the 2.0 era, and then to the 3.0 era.

Generally speaking, when the blockchain "invades" various industries, it will "mercilessly" delete all unnecessary links and processes, all unnecessary manual operations, and accelerate the embrace of paperless, unmanned, and The age of automation is coming.

In the process of our analysis of more than 1,550 blockchain application cases around the world, words like "improve", "accelerate", "shorten", "lower", "reduce", "save", " Words such as "save" appear frequently in front of our eyes. These words show that the improvement of efficiency is the common pursuit of all parties involved in blockchain applications and is also the most direct result of the substitution effect of blockchain.

Numerous application practices are contributing to this:

l Kenyan company Shamba Records provides blockchain traceability, transaction and financing services to farmers in the country, currently covering more than 6,000 Small farmers and helped them increase their income by at least 40%;

l TradeWaltz, a blockchain trading platform invested by NTT DATA, Mitsubishi and other companies, completed a trial run, and the results showed that the platform can reduce traditional 50% of the workload of the trade process;

l Walmart Canada has significantly reduced invoice disputes with carriers by 97% through the application of the DL Freight blockchain platform;

l The State Grid Corporation of China’s power transaction certificate traceability inquiry platform has been put into operation, automating the entire authenticity review process for registered users and saving 99% of trusted manual review time;

l COSCO Shipping Lines and Shandong Port Group Qingdao Port have cooperated to launch a blockchain paperless import and delivery model, which can save customers nearly 24 hours on average per container;

l Taizhou, Zhejiang uses "materials" The "Internet + Blockchain" recycling system solves the problem of marine pollution control. Compared with traditional processing methods, this recycling system can save 94% of labor costs and 84% of operating costs...

In summary, through the joint action of trust mechanism, sharing mechanism and transaction mechanism, blockchain has formed an obvious substitution effect, improved the operational efficiency of finance, government affairs and various industries, and will Continue to create systemic change. This change is reshaping the relationship between people and machines, people and society, and people and the environment, and clearly points to three ultimate goals: efficiency, well-being, and environmental protection.