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❶ What is the content of the Blockchain Industry Yearbook?

Hello! The "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" is a comprehensive report that comprehensively reflects the development status of the global blockchain industry. , large-scale informational tool books, and are published continuously year by year. Currently there are "2018 Global Blockchain Industry Yearbook" and "2019 Global Blockchain Industry Yearbook". The "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" covers 12 major categories of blocks including global blockchain figures, media, applications, institutions, education, industrial parks, capital, exchanges, supercomputing services, tools, underlying public chains, and technical services. Authoritative content on the chain ecology.

❷ Winning the GBLS Global Blockchain Annual Technology Value Application Award, INE Wan Ruicheng was invited to attend the roundtable forum

INE is highly recognized by the industry

January 6, 2019, GBLS Global The 2018 Year-End Ceremony of Sleepless Blockchain Industry Leaders was grandly held in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. As an outstanding project party, INE Zhilian Ecosystem won the GBLS Global Blockchain Annual Technology Value Application Award. Project co-founder Wan Ruicheng was invited to attend the roundtable forum.

Representative Wan Ruicheng (third from right), co-founder of INE, came to the stage to receive the award

INE co-founder Wan Ruicheng (first from the right) took the stage to receive the award on behalf of INE

INE co-founder Wan Ruicheng (first from the left) was invited to attend the roundtable forum< /p>

INE co-founder Wan Ruicheng (first from left) was invited to attend the roundtable forum

INE co-founder Wan Ruicheng’s roundtable forum representative’s speech

GBLS authoritative evaluation system

GBLS has always been known as the "King of All Meetings" in the blockchain industry. This GBLS 2018 year-end ceremony was also unprecedentedly popular, with 1,128 industry figures. Attendance, 22,810 people participated in the exhibition, which aims to select companies and practitioners who have made outstanding contributions to the blockchain industry in the past year, give high-quality projects a stage to showcase, and promote the healthy development of the blockchain industry.

The selection criteria are comprehensively carried out from multiple dimensions such as product, community, technology, application, investment, etc., gathering 100 top expert think tanks and 1,000 blockchain industry leaders to formulate the authoritative evaluation of the GBLS Blockchain Value Index system, create the first value assessment system "PBTI model" in the blockchain, and define the value vane of the entire blockchain ecosystem.

GBLS Global Sleepless Blockchain Industry Leader 2018 Year-End Ceremony Site

GBLS Global Sleepless Blockchain Industry Leader 2018 Year-End Ceremony Outstanding Projects

Where does the value application of technology come from?

INE IntelliShare is very honored to be recorded in this GBLS year-end ceremony as an outstanding project with application value. With a weight of 30% expert review, 15% industry leader review, 15% media review, and 40% public review, INE has been highly recognized by the industry, and the application of INE technology is highly feasible and necessary.

In the comprehensive multi-faceted evaluation of GBLS, there are many awards. Why does INE win the Global Blockchain Annual Technology Value Application Award?

1. Existing network requirements

01

Hard demand for military network

Mesh network is used in wireless The access network was started in 2002. Its point-to-multipoint network topology can solve problems such as network-free communication, fast mobile communication, timely communication, and information confidentiality in military scenarios.

INE Mesh can be used to integrate various military service resources and assist the military in unified command and joint operations. Provide the military with temporary networking, communication command and logistics support wireless network services required for camps, exercises and wartime. Achieve unified command and coordination across different military functional units.

02

Private network for civilian use

The first application of wireless mesh networks was in community access networks. In Japan, Nankoku City has used Mesh networks to connect 13 elementary schools, 4 middle schools, and 18 municipal buildings. In Finland, Nokia's wireless router products can be installed on rooftops and have been favored by more than 50 operators.

At present, most domestic users are deploying Mesh networks. The application solutions involve wireless cities, intelligent transportation, manufacturing and energy, public safety, medical and health, education, residential areas and hotels, temporary networks, etc. etc., the application scenarios are extremely broad. The INE Mesh network has been tested in hotels, public security, temporary networking, manufacturing and energy. The network connection is very smooth, and monitoring is convenient and free of lags.

03

World without network communication

Network-free communication actually covers two levels. One is internal communication in areas without network, and the other is building communication systems in areas without network in the world. The market demand for the latter is huge.

According to surveys, in countries or regions with relatively backward economic development (especially the third world), 57% of the world's people (about 4 billion people) do not have access to the Internet, and are in a completely "no network" situation. "status. 50% of the population already has access to the Internet, but the remaining 50% have long and difficult access to the Internet. In these countries or regions, it is impossible to complete the installation of expensive wired network infrastructure. In contrast, the main goal of wireless Mesh networks is to achieve "last mile" broadband access and provide high-speed data coverage with lower network deployment and maintenance costs.

As of the end of December 2018, INE has signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the Philippines, which symbolizes that the third world countries represented by the Philippines will have a huge market for the INE Mesh network.

2. Potential network blue ocean

Wireless Mesh network, also known as "community wireless network", has become a A new, cheap and efficient network structure solution for the next generation of wireless Internet.

AI, Internet of Things, AR sensors, 5G and other technologies spawned in the digital era, as well as the decentralized technology of blockchain, are calling for a more diversified network system, thus solving the traditional network system’s impact on technology. development constraints.

Kaixiang Zhang, chief architect of WeBank, believes that distributed network is an important implementable application project in the blockchain industry. The current blockchain development is mainly concentrated in the financial industry, and there is huge space in decentralized networks.

3. Already leading the implementation of blockchain distributed network

01

Launched IPFS mining machine

INE has reached a strategic cooperation with Zhongke Huichen, a smart mining equipment hardware manufacturer. In terms of the distributed storage system mining machine IPFS, the distributed network, that is, the technological combination of Mesh, has been opened up. The first phase of 100,000 IPFS+Mesh concept mining machines has been delivered gradually since October 2018.

02

Floor-standing wireless charging

INE and Dianzan Technology - its terminal scenarios have been signed with 7-Eleven, Family and other first-tier convenience stores across the country, and the wireless charging hardware embedded with Mesh network technology modules has entered the mass production period.

03

Implementing smart communities

INE has signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Shawei Community in Futian District, Shenzhen, and will use the INE Mesh network as the underlying network system to build smart communities. The community consensus has designated 40 residential buildings as pilot projects for INE Mesh equipment.

04

Unique landing scene

At the 2018 Qingdao Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit, we solved the data security and network connection problems at the conference site, ensured the security of the surrounding monitoring network, and prevented the leakage of confidential data.

Information distribution and outfield network security monitoring services for the 2018 WPMF World Professional Muay Thai Federation China Division venues, at the event siteImplement immediate control to prevent emergencies during dense crowds and take timely measures.

05

Implement traditional physical factory

INE has signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Henan Nanyang Niannian Food Co., Ltd. Based on the Mesh network, it will create the integration of blockchain industry + traditional physical industry and build a blockchain distributed network factory; and based on the blockchain spirit, create a distributed business system.

06

Landing in the Third World

The IntelliShare Foundation signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the Philippine ASYA Pacific Foundation, Asian Premier Institution, and Malayan Pacific Power Holdings Corporation (MPPH). INE Mesh technology will support the IoT network and network security of the Philippine petroleum industry, the low-cost network coverage and emergency network of the Philippine communications industry, and the island network ecology of the Philippine Islands.

Landing is just the beginning

For blockchain projects, implementation is just the beginning, and the ecosystem that is constantly built based on this is the most important part.

This ecology must have technical support, perfectly integrate the blockchain’s token economic model, be feasible for implementation, and have a broad market. Adhering to this concept and original intention, INE Intelligent Ecology still forges ahead even in the bear market, and gathers the consensus of all members of the community to wait for the dawn and tomorrow.

❸ Current status and future development trends of blockchain

Blockchain has developed to 3.0, and application exploration is the current goal

According to IDC definition, blockchain refers to a distributed ledger that records information and data. The ledger is stored between multiple participants in the peer-to-peer network. Participants can use cryptographic signatures to add new transactions to the existing transaction chain, forming a secure, continuous, and immutable chained data structure; from a data perspective It seems that blockchain is a kind of distributed data that cannot be changed.

In 2008, an article titled "Bitcoin—A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" marked the birth of Bitcoin and the beginning of the global blockchain industry. Since its development, the blockchain has developed from 1.0 to 3.0, from the characteristics of digital currency to the application exploration stage.

The above dataSourced from Qianzhan Industry Research Institute's "In-depth Analysis Report on Business Model Innovation and Investment Opportunities in China's Blockchain Industry". At the same time, Qianzhan Industry Research Institute also provides solutions such as industrial big data, industrial planning, industrial declaration, industrial park planning, and industrial investment promotion. .

❹ Blockchain Industry Yearbook Does the blockchain industry now have a yearbook?

Of course there is! You can take a look at this "Blockchain Yearbook" to get a sneak peek! Very detailed

After a year of anticipation, the "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" is finally coming to everyone. Bubbles, capital, scenarios, policy supervision... In the past year, the global blockchain industry has been changing, and the industry has been ups and downs. How to accurately grasp the pulse of blockchain? Read the "Blockchain Industry Yearbook", use facts and data to speak, and understand the blockchain year in seconds.

12 major categories, covering the entire ecosystem! It’s a tool and a helpful assistant!

The "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" series of books has been compiled into two consecutive editions, including "2018 Global Blockchain Industry Yearbook" and "2019 Global Blockchain Industry Yearbook". The yearbook stands at the global and industry level and strives to record the changes in the global blockchain industry from an objective and rigorous perspective and in unpretentious language.

The "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" contains a total of 12 major sections, covering the entire blockchain ecosystem, and is accompanied by government blockchain policies around the world. It mainly reflects the changes in the blockchain industry from chapters such as people, media, applications, education, institutions, industrial parks, capital, exchanges, supercomputing services, tools, underlying public chains, and technical services.

Highlight 1: Comprehensive upgrade, chapter structure and included content adjustment and improvement

The "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" objectively and truthfully reflects the annual development of the global blockchain industry, better In order to serve the government decision-making, the stable and healthy development of the industry, and provide ecological information services to practitioners, the 2019 edition of the "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" will adjust and upgrade the chapter structure and included content.

The 2019 version of the "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" has adjusted the chapter setting compared to the 2018 version, and the structure is more balanced. For example, the original "Academic Chapter" is split into "Education Chapter" and "Institutional Chapter", coupled with the "Industrial Park Chapter", the statistical data is displayed more reasonably and clearly from different perspectives and dimensions; local government blocks are added The blockchain policy chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the blockchain policies of various countries.

The 2019 version of the "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" has increased readability and authority in content, reflecting new changes in the blockchain industry. The adjusted "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" elaborates on the blockchain industry, industry, policy, application and other dimensions, analyzes the development status of the global blockchain industry and preaches blockchain knowledge, and provides insights into the blockchain industry. Development is of strategic importance.

"Characters" The top geek who prides himself on taking things lightly, the enigmatic founder, the talented boy who was born as a Russian hacker...the blockchain has made today's achievements possible. Millions of people are enjoying the many benefits of blockchain thanks to the efforts of hundreds of people who have contributed to the community andDigital advancement has made outstanding contributions.

"Application" The characteristics of blockchain technology enable it to be used in various fields such as finance, insurance, Internet of Things, credit reporting, big data, etc. With the development of blockchain technology, blockchain Technology will be applied in more fields and bring about social and economic changes.

"Institutional Chapter" As local governments have also introduced encouraging policies related to blockchain, blockchain research institutions have emerged in many places. Currently, there are more than 100 well-known research institutions in the world. Blockchain research institutions refer to units with clear research directions and tasks. Their main role is to provide information and technical support to other entities in the industry.

"Education" Today, when the development momentum of blockchain is so strong, the cultivation of blockchain talents has been put on the agenda. According to statistics from the "Blockchain Industry Yearbook", 27 universities around the world have opened blockchain-related courses, with China and the United States having the most universities, with 8 each. Other educational institutions are blooming...

"Media" In the development process of blockchain, the role of media is indispensable. Blockchain media has effectively assisted the development of blockchain in four aspects: information services, investor education, in-depth research and platform interoperability.

Highlight 2: Created by a professional team

"Blockchain Industry Yearbook", a heavyweight annual authoritative information reference book, was compiled by the China Blockchain Industry Research Institute Contact the United Nations Development Program, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, the Internet Information Office of China, the China Internet Network Information Center, the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the China Association for Science and Technology, the China Internet Finance Association, the United States National Telecommunications and Information Administration, UK Financial Services Regulatory Authority, Japan Financial Services Agency FSA, South Korea Ministry of Information and Communications Technology, British Blockchain Association (BBA), United Nations Blockchain Sustainable Development Committee, Swiss Crypto Valley Association (encryption Under the joint guidance of the Valley Association), the French National Information and Communications Commission (CNIL), and the China Mobile Communications Federation, it is jointly published by the China Blockchain Industry Research Institute, China Economic Press, Zilian Academy, and Wutong Think Tank.

In the two-year editing process, the yearbook and the editorial team behind it have also experienced a process of growth. Every year, the content framework, editorial requirements, and time nodes are improved and upgraded.

The content of the "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" covers a wide range of topics and is highly professional. During the compilation process, Ni Jianzhong, Executive Chairman of China Mobile Communications Federation; Digital Economist, China Mobile Communications Federation Education With Chen Xiaohua, director of the examination center, secretary-general of the International Blockchain Innovation Application Alliance, and director of the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Online Digital Economy Research Institute; Zhao Lei of the China Academy of Finance and Economics; Wang Xuezong, founder of the Chain Reform Laboratory; Wang Jing, director of the China Economic Press and other leaders and experts Scholars have provided strong support and provided valuable opinions on the content editing and promotion of the "Blockchain Industry Yearbook".

As the global blockchain industry annualThe top red book, "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" is expected to become the most comprehensive reference book in the blockchain industry. After reading it, you will understand the blockchain in seconds. The editor said that this is simply a sunflower manual in the blockchain industry.

❺ When will the "2018 Global Blockchain Industry Yearbook" be published?

Witnessed by the leaders of Hunan High-tech Zone, it was jointly organized by the China Mobile Communications Federation and the International Blockchain Application Alliance. , Zilian Academy and Wutong Think Tank will jointly publish the first "2018 Global Blockchain Industry Yearbook"... Details are as follows:

Since October 2016, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the "China Region Since the White Paper on the Development of Blockchain Technology and Applications (2016), blockchain has been identified as a strategic frontier technology for the first time and was included in the "State Council's Notice on Issuing the National Informatization Plan for the 13th Five-Year Plan" issued by the State Council in December 2016. notify". The plan clearly states that it is necessary to strengthen the innovation, experimentation and application of new technologies such as blockchain in order to seize the dominance of the new generation of information technology.

Regional governments have also issued guidance and notification documents on blockchain. According to financial statistics, as of March 2018, there have been Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu in China. , Guizhou, Fujian, Guangdong, Shandong, Jiangxi, Inner Mongolia, Chongqing and other provinces and cities have issued guidance on blockchain.

Director of China Mobile Communications Federation Education and Examination Center, Secretary-General of China Mobile Communications Federation International Blockchain Innovation Application Alliance, Beijing Post Online Digital Economy Research Institute Dean Chen Xiaohua said: "One of the greatest values ​​of blockchain technology is the combination with big data. Blockchain technology will be the key technology to build a social big data platform, and the combination of blockchain and big data will solve the problem of data Deep-seated issues of interconnection and open sharing. The "2018 Global Blockchain Industry Yearbook" is a large database of blockchain ecological information. It aggregates blockchain ecological industry data through research and provides blockchain enthusiasts with The authoritative system's data mining analysis, data docking and matching, intelligent information flow, and industry maps avoid blind spots in learning, popularize blockchain knowledge, and promote the healthy development of the blockchain ecosystem."

"In the past two years The development of blockchain in 2018 is obvious to all, and local governments are also more active in promoting the development of blockchain technology and applications. With the innovation and upgrading of blockchain, it is deeply integrated and integrated with cutting-edge technologies such as cloud computing and big data. Innovation will promote the commercial exploration and application of blockchain technology in various subdivisions such as medical care, justice, industry, media, games, etc. The future healthy development and application of blockchain are inseparable from the construction and improvement of the industry ecosystem. Since 2015 From 2018 to 2018, China has established nearly 50 blockchain-related industry associations/alliances, and blockchain media and institutions have emerged in endlessly. With the rapid development of the new field of blockchain, there will be a large number of blockchain-related industries in the future. Enthusiasts, practitioners, entrepreneurs and investors have participated, and the "2018 Global Blockchain Industry Yearbook" is for themIt provides an authoritative platform to systematically understand the blockchain industry. "Tang Yuze, director of the Innovation Talent Research Institute of Wutong Think Tank, believes that the "2018 Global Blockchain Industry Yearbook" will have a significant impact on the future development of blockchain.

As one of the initiators of this yearbook launch Jian Jinqiu, founder of Zilian Academy, said: "Technological innovation is the core driving force for the in-depth development of the blockchain industry, and the technological innovation of China's blockchain industry is experiencing a significantly accelerated process. Thanks to the continuous innovation of blockchain technology and China's huge Internet consumer group, blockchain applications in China have also shown the characteristics of being diverse, extensive and active. From 2016 to 2018, private equity investments in China's blockchain field were invested in blockchain talent training, infrastructure, underlying technology, related services, blockchain applications and other fields. China's blockchain industry chain has basically taken shape. And the government is increasingly paying attention to and affirming the value of blockchain, and the launch of the "2018 Global Blockchain Industry Yearbook" is to build a good blockchain industry ecology and promote the healthy development of the blockchain industry. "

As the potential value of blockchain continues to be explored, heavyweight multinational industry giants have also established research groups, invested in blockchain startups, developed blockchain basic platforms, and studied future potential Application scenarios and other methods have entered the field of blockchain, and its demonstration and leading role has begun to drive a new wave of blockchain entrepreneurship and innovation. As the world's first blockchain yearbook, the "2018 Global Blockchain Industry Yearbook" will invite global Well-known scholars and business experts work together to compile it and give full play to the guiding role of blockchain policies to better promote the healthy development of the blockchain industry.

❻ The total blockchain investment in the first quarter of 2018 reached 681 million Is it Yuan?

According to reports, the latest data shows that my country’s total blockchain investment in the first quarter of 2018 was 681 million yuan.

Experts said that in general, Generally speaking, the blockchain is a public account book that is trustworthy, cannot be tampered with, and cannot be repudiated. It is highly transparent, so it can fully realize multilateral trust. The best thing about the blockchain is that it solves the problem of reliable and trustworthy data. , thus making the digital world as real as the physical world.

Content comes from: Bit 110

❼ Where is the first blockchain application achievement experience exhibition held

GBS Global Blockchain Summit Forum and the First Blockchain Application Achievements Experience Exhibition ended in Manila, Philippines on the evening of June 24, 2018.

More than 100 people around the world Domestic media reported on this summit, which was broadcast live to hundreds of millions of viewers in China, Southeast Asia, Europe and the United States through video, Internet, graphics and other means.

Content source: China News Service

❽ What is the future development trend of blockchain

——For the above data sources and analysis, please refer to the "China Blockchain Industry Market Forecast and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report" by Qianzhan Industry Research Institutetell".

The industry technology research process continues to advance

In recent years, the global blockchain technology research process has accelerated, and the number of industry patent applications has increased rapidly. According to SOOPAT statistics, from 2014 to 2018, the number of global blockchain patents continued to rise. By 2018, the number of global blockchain patent applications had reached 2,966. Among them, the number of blockchain patents in China in 2018 increased from 33.33% in 2014 to 82.1% in 2018.

However, although global blockchain technology has been continuously developing and innovating in recent years, there is currently no universal evaluation standard and system that can evaluate the technical performance, efficiency and scalability of blockchain. Detailed specifications on issues such as sex and safety. Overall, blockchain technology awaits further breakthroughs.

China’s blockchain technology tends to serve applications

< p> In terms of technical direction, the core of China’s blockchain technology is to serve physical applications, while American blockchain technology is still solving potential problems of blockchain, which has led to the domestic focus on alliance chain applications and the hope of optimizing blockchain technology to meet the needs of high-concurrency applications; foreign countries focus on the application of public chains and carry out optimization and innovation of core technologies based on the characteristics of public chains. In terms of application, domestic blockchains focus on service industry applications and tend to be “coinless blockchains”; in the United States, most are public chains and tend to circulate digital assets.

❾ Where is the "2018 Global Media Blockchain Summit" held

On the 19th, 2018, the "Global Media Blockchain Summit" was held at the Financial Hall of the Hong Kong Exchange. This summit gathered more than 100 media from around the world and dozens of top experts in the industry. At the meeting, everyone witnessed the establishment of the Global Media Blockchain Alliance (BIMG) and the release of the "BIMG Hong Kong Initiative", and conducted in-depth discussions on blockchain development prospects, industry trends and other issues.

Professor Yu Guoming, a member of the Journalism and Communication Discipline Evaluation Group of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and Executive Dean of the School of Journalism and Communication at Beijing Normal University, delivered a topic at the "2018 Global Media Blockchain Summit" Keynote speech for "The Value Responsibility of Mainstream Media in the Technology Wave"

Yu Guoming said: "For the entire social communication in China and other major countries and regions in the world, including the construction process of blockchain , the communication ecology in the process of development and evolution, the value of traditional mainstream media should also be indispensable. Although its share has indeed declined in a worrying way, such responsibility and value It should be said that responsibility is still very important.”

Yu Guoming further pointed out that traditional mainstream media’s professional persistence, social status granting function and local advantages are its huge advantages. At the same time, with the development of society and Internet technology, blockchain is not only a technology, but also a social aspect to a greater extent.A way to reorganize. Yu Guoming said: "In Marx's words a hundred years ago, it is a technical form based on a new Internet technology such as the 'Free Alliance of Free Men'. To a large extent, it is a new form of technology after Internet technology activates individuals. A new form of upgrading social evolution. Such a new form requires mainstream media to play an important role in it, because in the development process of a new social evolution such as blockchain, it is embodied in a systematic science. The so-called emergent evolution means that the micro-power and micro-value released by Internet technology are a qualitative change in the development process and direction. It is a qualitative turning point in social development, field development, industrial development and market development. ."

Witnessed by all the guests, the Global Media Blockchain Alliance (BIMG) was officially established at the meeting. Alliance Secretary-General Ding Laibin pointed out in his speech that blockchain truly uses mechanisms to allow people to see some changes that may occur in the future, and these changes may subvert the current status quo and improve social efficiency by leaps and bounds. In this process, the media function cannot be absent. It should play a supervisory role and exert a strong supervision effect of media and public opinion to allow investors to distinguish right from wrong.

Ding Laibin said: "The media is the public knowledge and conscience of society and the supervisor of industry development. To do this role well, we must be close to the game and stand where the sound of cannons can be heard, so If there was still a distance between traditional media and blockchain in the past, then let us eliminate this distance at today's summit. The listing of any company is not the end, but the starting point. The same is true for many blockchain projects, starting from the beginning Development also requires a lot of disclosure and planning, so that the company can be presented to all the public and investors without reservation, and it must be open, transparent, and consistent from beginning to end. Only in this way can the industry grow healthier and grow more rapidly."

< p>In the "BIMG Hong Kong Initiative" released at the event, Ding Laibin called on the media to join hands and work together to create an industry public opinion environment that is fair, just, legal and honest, vibrant, harmonious and orderly; at the same time, he encouraged the media to work in the blockchain industry In the information dissemination in the chain field, we should be open and inclusive, promote advanced communication, encourage ecological innovation, and continuously provide high-grade, high-style, and high-quality information and services.

Content source International Online

❿ Whether third-party audits of U.S. listed companies can be used as consultants for company status can be used as a reference

Third-party audit work is performed by qualified accountants, so the so-called third party is a neutral party, and CPAs have this characteristic. Because the third party is neutral, it can be fair, impartial, and open when auditing listed companies, without favoring any aspect. We can discuss matters as they are to the greatest extent possible to improve investors' recognition of the audit report.

For U.S. listed companies, effective internal control over financial accounting reporting is crucial to company management.and its affairs, and play a vital role in fulfilling its responsibilities to its investors. Corporate management, company owners, the investing public and other interested parties rely on the financial information underwritten by the company to make decisions. So if we need to do this and audit ourselves, we will obviously not be able to be fair, just and open enough, and we will not be able to get the report recognized by all parties. Therefore, it is the most appropriate thing to leave these to a neutral third party.

Then the independence of the audit means that the CPA is not subject to those factors that weaken or always have reasonable estimates, which will still weaken the CPA's ability to make unbiased audit decisions. The effects of stress and other factors. This is crucial for audit work, because it involves market economy, fairness of interests, and independence. This independence should also be maintained in form and substance, which means that the CPA has no direct or indirect interest relationship with the audited unit or individual. Not be restricted, influenced or interfered by personal or external factors, and maintain an objective and selfless spirit and work attitude.

Third-party auditing is also very necessary in our country. We are not only learning from, but also using the work of third-party audits. Moreover, our country has clear legal provisions that the annual reports of listed companies must be audited by a third party. This is also done to make the audit reports of listed companies more objective, fair, just and open, without any interest or personal emotional relationships.

Certik, the world’s third largest audit institution, protects many well-known projects

According to statistics, in 2018, 93706165 incidents occurred in 130 fields of global blockchain. A security incident occurred, with losses exceeding US$2 billion, an increase of 538% compared to 2017. Bitcoin's underlying technology "blockchain" faces security risks from the data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer, and application layer. Security attack methods are endless and difficult to guard against. Security attacks mainly occur at the application layer, among which smart contracts are the hardest hit area for blockchain security.

Many security incidents have also occurred, such as the MtGox incident, which had a greater impact. MtGox was the world's largest Bitcoin trading platform at the time, handling 70% of the world's Bitcoin transactions. In 2014, MtGox suffered the most serious hacker attack, and subsequently MtGox announced a trading suspension due to vulnerabilities in its security software. Two weeks later, the site suddenly shut down and MtGox filed for bankruptcy.

According to MtGox’s estimates, the company’s Bitcoin investment losses amounted to approximately US$480 million, including 750,000 units of Bitcoin from customers and 100,000 units held by the company itself, which together accounted for approximately the global Bitcoin issuance. 7%. This incident caused investor confidence to suffer, and Bitcoin plummeted by 36%.

There are many other projects that have also suffered huge losses. After careful study, it is not difficult to find that in blockchain security incidents, most of them are due to vulnerabilities in the source code that hackers take advantage of. Smart contracts are protected by the blockchain itself, so the smart contract code can be open source and readable to the maximum extent. However, the openness of the code makes it easy for hackers to grasp the flaws of the code and further use the trigger conditions of the code flaws to change the execution results of smart contracts, causing huge economic risks in blockchain projects. Therefore, the open source nature of smart contract code requires high reliability of the code, and this reliability requires 100% accuracy.

However, it is too difficult for programmers to write a code that is completely free of loopholes. Even if all possible precautions are taken, there will always be unanticipated vulnerabilities in complex software. loopholes. Therefore, the importance of code auditing is self-evident.

Through code audit, check the security flaws in the source code, check whether the program source code has security risks or coding irregularities, and use automated tools or manual review to review the program source code one by one. Conduct inspection and analysis to discover security vulnerabilities caused by these source code defects, and provide code revision measures and suggestions.

At present, we have provided code audit services for exchanges, wallets, public chains and smart contracts to protect the blockchain industry. We cooperate with SlowMist Technology, Certik and other world-renowned auditing companies. We have high-quality Our services meet customer needs, and we welcome partners to cooperate, communicate and discuss together!

Cases that have occurred:

1. What problems can blockchain code auditing solve: making hackers inaccessible

With the growth of BTC, ETH, With the rapid development of blockchain projects such as EOS, blockchain projects have entered the era of smart contracts, but the accuracy and security of smart contracts themselves are facing huge problems.

In other words, any project may go astray when using the blockchain, and the accuracy of the code cannot be completely guaranteed. Just like everyone makes typos when typing on a computer, programmers also make typos and omissions when entering code.

The basis of blockchain: the open source nature of smart contract code requires high reliability of the code, and this reliability requires 100% accuracy.

A slight difference can make a huge difference.

In professional terms:

Codes such as Bitcoin are all public and stored on the blockchain using smart contract codes. They are subject to the same restrictions as transaction data. Encryption protection requires 51% of the computing power to modify the smart contract code. Therefore, the tamper resistance of the smart contract code is greatly improved.

Smart contracts are protected by the blockchain itself, so the smart contract code can be open source and readable to the maximum extent. Smart contracts solve the problem of being able to expose code and keep it secure, butIt is the openness of the code that makes it easy for hackers to grasp the flaws of the code and further use the trigger conditions of the code flaws to change the execution results of smart contracts, causing huge economic risks in blockchain projects.

Just like when we transfer money in the bank, the information of each account must be correct, so that the transfer can be correct and your property can be safely protected, so: one in the blockchain code No words are wrong.

2. Serious consequences caused by blockchain code errors

The poor quality of smart contract code in the blockchain has caused many serious consequences.

At present, many exchanges and token projects have not undergone blockchain code audits before being listed on exchanges, resulting in many hacking incidents in which virtual currencies have been stolen.

1. Security vulnerabilities between the SMT project party and the US BEC token

In the early morning of April 25, 2018, the SmartMesh (SMT) project party reported that there were abnormal problems in its transactions. Preliminary investigation revealed that SMT’s Ethereum smart contract has a vulnerability. Affected by this, Huobi Pro currently suspends deposits and withdrawals for all currencies.

According to media reports, similar security vulnerabilities were found in SMT and Meitu BEC token deposits, which means that a large amount of tokens can be received through overflow attacks.

2. Abnormal transaction vulnerability of Meitu BEC

On April 22, 2018, an abnormal transaction occurred in Meitu BEC. According to analysis, the batchTransfer batch transfer function in the BEC smart contract existed Vulnerability, the attacker can pass in a large value value, causing cnt * value to exceed the maximum value of unit256, causing it to overflow and cause the amount to become 0.

3. Parity multi-signature wallet vulnerability

In July 2017, due to vulnerabilities in its smart contract code, Parity multi-signature wallet was stolen by hackers worth more than 30 million US dollars. ETH.

4. Hacker currency theft vulnerability

In June 2016, due to an error in the smart contract, hackers stole $55 million worth of ETH from the DAO.

Code security flaws force automatic code auditing of smart contracts.

3. Blockchain code audit creates a perfect contract

Blockchain smart contracts establish a set of "legal contracts" through code. It is not possible for software engineers to create a completely error-free code. It's possible that programmers always make mistakes. The Ulord blockchain project research team of Red Coast Technology and the National University of Defense Technology audited the blockchain smart contracts on the market. Their research found that:

For all programmers, writing a It is just too difficult to code without bugs, even if all possible precautions are taken, in complexThere will always be unexpected execution paths or possible vulnerabilities in software.

This is one of the most important reasons why code auditing is important.

The "legal contract" in the blockchain is subject to interpretation and arbitration, and it is difficult for programmers to create a rigorous contract. In any large contract, there may be drafting errors and clauses that require interpretation and arbitration.

At the same time, software engineers are not legal experts, and vice versa. Drafting a good contract requires a variety of skills that are not necessarily compatible with writing a computer program.

Therefore, smart contract code may have security risks to a certain extent. Traditional smart contract code audits mainly use manual labor and rely on code reviewers to read smart contract codes. Manual code audit ultimately relies on human experience, and the effect of code audit is not obvious. For the current smart contracts with a large number of ETH tokens, manual audit workload is heavy and it is difficult to complete the work efficiently.

There are few project companies engaged in code auditing business in the blockchain field. Currently, before each token is listed on the exchange, its blockchain smart contract code is determined by the exchange. Review and judgment are carried out, but sometimes the exchange is not completely effective in judging whether a contract is perfect.

Intelligent code auditing and using computers to conduct robustness testing are currently the most important methods of code auditing. There are not many domestic companies that have mastered this technical standard.

However, the importance of blockchain code auditing is self-evident. The blockchain world itself is quite safe, but due to the problem of human-written code, it is impossible to be perfect, and the effectiveness of the code must be strengthened. Identify.