水桥区块链苹果版

近期，水桥区块链苹果版的发布引发了热议，它是一款基于区块链技术的苹果产品，可以为用户提供安全、可靠、快速的服务。那么，这款产品的关键技术有哪些呢？今天，就让我们来深入了解一下！

1. 去中心化：水桥区块链苹果版采用去中心化的技术，它不依赖于任何中心服务器，而是将用户的数据存储在分布式的区块链网络上，这样可以大大提高系统的安全性和稳定性。

2. 共识机制：水桥区块链苹果版采用了共识机制，这是一种让网络中的用户共同达成一致的机制。它可以让网络中的用户自动确认交易，从而保证交易的安全性和可靠性。

3. 加密算法：水桥区块链苹果版采用了高级的加密算法，它可以有效地保护用户的数据安全，同时也可以防止黑客攻击。此外，它还可以提供给用户更加便捷的服务，让用户可以在任何时间、任何地点都可以安全地使用苹果产品。

以上就是水桥区块链苹果版的关键技术，它们可以让用户获得更加安全、可靠、快速的服务体验。未来，水桥区块链苹果版将会更加完善，为用户带来更多便捷的服务！

① Apple updates review guidelines and officially allows iOS programs to issue NFT. What is the value of NFT?

NFT is actually to pass some data content through the unique certification of the blockchain, making it Become a unique data collection. The general public can understand and understand it, but do not buy it easily.

After clarifying the nature of NFT, we can actually clearly find that although the blockchain allows this type of data content to have unique credentials, in terms of actual purchases and fund operations, , this type of market has not yet fully formed qualified standards and substantial content contributions. There is not much impact and technological change and progress on the lives of ordinary people.

NFC has opened up a new ecosystem in the digital content market.

The gradual development of the Internet era allows a lot of network information content to be obtained at will. In this case, the development of blockchain has opened up a new path for ideas such as virtual currency and decentralization. Application direction. NFT is actually a significant manifestation of decentralizing data content. Anyone who owns this product is equivalent to owning a unique digital product. Its nature and decentralization are non-replicable, which naturally opens up a new digital product market.

② Technology changes the world, and the future is an era of technology

Hello everyone, although I have used it countless times since elementary school, but every time it comes to this time point, again I can't help but blurt out, who keeps the wheels of history rolling forward? As passengers, and more importantly as witnesses of history, we can be at such a time. It’s actually quite good to take stock and summarize it. It can not only lament the rapid changes of the times, but also give a glimpse of the future from the present. With the last week left in 2018, I’m here to follow suit and take stock of the big picture. theme, I boldly take stock of the 20186 big technology keywords in my mind.

The first one, and I think it should also be the least controversial, is artificial intelligence. In fact, I have roughly searched the annual reports of several major technology media in the past few years. On the keyword list, it seems that starting from the landmark event of Ago's victory over Lee Sedol in 2016, artificial intelligence has firmly dominated the list every year since then. However, in comparison, this year it really has Name one thing related to artificial intelligence. It seems a little difficult to get representative breaking news, maybe because everyone has gradually adapted to a new era of AI plus everything, but is there really no breakthrough in artificial intelligence this year? In fact, it is not the case. It can be said that there are still many bright spots. I remember that in January, CCTV's documentary "Innovating China" was launched. This incident really shocked me, mainly because of this step. The dubbing of the documentary is a familiar but incredible voice because he used the voice of Mr. Li Yi, a famous announcer who passed away in 2013. Although the AI ​​voice broadcastReporting is nothing new nowadays, but this time Li Yi's dubbing simulated by artificial intelligence can be said to be full of emotion, and most of the pauses and accents are very accurate.

At that time, I actually discussed it with experts in artificial intelligence. Their view was that on the one hand, Li Yi left a large amount of sound material for machine learning during his lifetime; On the one hand, voice-related artificial intelligence technology has progressed very quickly in the past two years. What surprised me even more was the AI ​​synthetic anchor shown by Xinhua News Agency in November. He extracted news reports from real anchors. video. The characteristics of voice, lip shape, expression, movement, etc. are synthesized using speech, lip shape, expression, and joint modeling training through deep learning and other technologies. Although it seems now, he still has a lot, It feels a bit weird and unnatural, but if you think about the iteration and progress of similar technologies in recent years, you can almost directly make such a judgment. If you and I are peers. All you do is convert text into sounds, so except for the top few, most positions in this industry may directly face the risk of being replaced by AI, that is, in the industrial field of artificial intelligence It also shows increasingly powerful capabilities. From the perspective of data collection, a gas turbine can generate 25GB of data per day, and a smart grid platform can generate 30g of data per day.

A traffic management system can generate up to six tons of data every day. You must know that data in the industrial field is actually very complex. Most companies that get this data often make some equipment. Operation monitoring, however, many companies have gone a step further and mined value from the perspective of data analysis, such as using big data analysis to achieve predictive maintenance. Siemens helped 26 cracks build a high-speed rail from Madrid to Barcelona. . The punctuality rate has increased to 99.9%. Such a high punctuality rate allows high-speed rail operating companies to provide customers with a unique late refund policy. If the train is delayed for 15 minutes or more, passengers can get a full refund. This was almost unimaginable in the past. To a certain extent, what Siemens is doing is actually making progress in the industrial field. In fields such as energy manufacturing and transportation, Siemens has artificial intelligence solutions. With the support of the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology and Suzhou Industrial Park, Siemens' work is being carried out, covering predictive maintenance, diagnosis of CNC machine tools and production of CNC machine tools. To optimize big data analysis of CNC machine tools in these three aspects, of course, there will be more and more attention paid to AI in 2018.

But love tt, it’s a matter of industry and media. Oncologists are lamenting that AI is making great strides in the field of medical imaging. Biologists are shocked that deep trade is predicting In the task of discovering the three-dimensional structure of proteins, he defeated the human elite with a crushing advantage. Sports enthusiastsThe good ones, the onlookers, saw the parkour and dexterity displayed by the Boston Dynamics robot idea, while the industrial workers marveled at the intelligence and efficiency of the Siemens Amberg factory. Taxi drivers are worried about driverless driving, which is developing rapidly. Even restaurant and hotel waiters are concerned about unmanned restaurants. With the opening of unmanned hotels to welcome guests, it seems that all walks of life are beginning to realize that this technology that once only appeared in The era of artificial intelligence in science fiction is rushing forward, and changes are already happening now, no matter whether we are really ready or not. In May, my World Artificial Intelligence Conference was held in Shanghai. What impressed me most was not the so-called black technologies displayed at the scene, but the phrase artificial intelligence empowerment, the theme of the conference in the new era, empowerment. In my opinion, the word "energy" is used very well. In the foreseeable future, this kind of negative energy may be everywhere, and all walks of life will inevitably be penetrated, changed, and reshaped. It's pandering.

After the pain is over, artificial intelligence will inevitably disappear from the attention of ordinary people like the Internet and computer technology back then. By that time, we will no longer marvel at its magic. , but will regard it as a basic but indispensable tool to liberate our brain power, or use it to allow our own intelligence to run more freely. Well, at the end of 2017, Bitcoin was once speculated to a sky-high price, and then at the beginning of 2018, there was a concept that even overshadowed artificial intelligence. I guess you are also impressed, and that is the block Chain, until now I can still recall that famous saying in my ears. If you miss the Internet, will you still miss the blockchain? What kind of blockchain is raising chickens for a while? Insurance blockchain social networking is emerging in endlessly. It seems that everything can be blockchain. Some people even joke that now even the cleaning lady can talk about decentralized distributed accounting. Of course, there must be bubbles behind such carnival. , by the second half of the year, blockchain seemed to have faded out of people’s sight. By the end of 2018, after the tide receded, we couldn’t help but wonder, what is left of blockchain?

In my opinion, what is left is to make the virtual closer to reality. How to understand it? Originally, information always gave people an untrustworthy feeling. After all, things made of code could theoretically be changed without even leaving traces. Even in reality, where was this apple produced? In the warehouse How long has it been there, or where did this person graduate, what kind of past he has, and other such information, in fact, it also exists and is forged. Possibly, but express delivery has indeed solved a big problem about trust for us. As a decentralized and distributed storage technology, it not only makes virtual currency unforgeable, but also has many applications such as food traceability and social networking. Waiting for many scenarios, a relatively perfect solution is given, which can make information as credible as a so-called material entity for the first time. In a way, it's even more believable, of course., at present, when express delivery really needs to be applied in actual scenarios, it still faces many difficulties. After all, everything it is trustworthy is based on a premise, that is, these transaction data are stored in participating blockchains. The storage space of each user is not a big problem in a small range, but once the large-scale layout data changes.

Expansion not only tests the limits of storage devices, but is also limited by the network bandwidth itself. What also generates massive amounts of data is the increasingly taking shape of the Internet of Things. We often I’m talking about ot, and this field was actually mentioned repeatedly during the blockchain craze at the beginning of the year. At that time, we were talking about blockchain plus the Internet of Things, which was also regarded as resolving the security risks of the Internet of Things. In terms of measurement, the Internet of Things itself can be said to have made silent and rapid progress in the past year. We can see that more and more people are using smart electronic scales, smart desk lamps, smart switches, smart sockets, etc. Internet of Things devices in the name of intelligence, not to mention its increasing popularity in urban construction, industrial logistics, retail and other fields. In fact, in the more conservative oil and gas industry, the Internet of Things is also emerging, as we all know. Industry 4.0 is about injecting digitalization into industry. In fact, the oil and gas industry is also ushering in the so-called Oil and Gas 4.0. Oil and gas companies are trying to tap the potential value contained in big data, hoping to use digital technology to shorten project cycles, reduce costs, and improve production. and operation and maintenance efficiency and safety. At the same time, it can also provide a reliable basis for operation and management decisions, targeting the upstream exploration and development and midstream transportation fields of oil and gas.

Molecular formula proposed the concepts of 4.0 and plus4.0 respectively. Through the concept and technology of digital twins, Siemens’ safe digital solutions covering the entire life cycle can realize the integrated design of oil platforms and pipelines. , virtual debugging, virtual personnel training, operation optimization equipment, remote monitoring and diagnosis, etc. intelligent applications, well, if blockchain is the spirit of the party. That is, the physical Internet of Things, in my opinion, makes reality informatized, and the 5G concept, which has been warmed up for several years, is more like a highway that passes through the resource barriers between virtual and reality. This year, the three major communication operators have launched in many cities The city has already carried out field tests, and just this month, the three major operators issued announcements stating that they had received notices from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology regarding the allocation and use of 5G frequencies. All of this is actually happening. It reminds us that the fifth series is really not far away. To be honest, I have struggled with the second keyword for a long time, because both the blockchain Internet of Things mentioned earlier and the fifth series seem to be on the list. Qualifications, but when I think about it carefully, it seems that they are all a little bit less interesting. Either the temperature has cooled down too quickly, or there is a lack of hot products, or they are still ready to go. However, the people behind these three technologies.

We are brewing together, and the future is very clear. Over there is the Internet of Everything. I think 2018 can be regarded as the year of accumulating strength in the era of the Internet of Everything, and there are still someThe boundary between virtual and reality that moistens things silently is becoming more and more blurred. It happens to be A Tong’s first keyword, artificial intelligence. This four-character format, let’s make it neat, Internet of Everything, this can be packaged Send Express. Let’s consider the four-letter words Internet of Things and 5G as the second annual technology keyword in 2018. Perhaps you have noticed that when talking about artificial intelligence, I have already mentioned unmanned technology in passing. Driving is a hot technology in recent years. Originally, for this third keyword, I directly wanted to give it to driverless or autonomous driving. After all, in the technology news throughout the year. The mention rate of the word husband is really a bit high. I remember that in early February, Google suddenly announced that it would launch a self-driving taxi service in 2018. At that time, as soon as this news came out, people inside and outside the industry exploded, about driverless taxis. The debate over whether human driving is safe was actually very hot for a time. Of course, all this does not seem to stop the wheel of driverless cars from rolling forward. In April, with the road test management of intelligent connected cars.

The release of standardized trials and the road testing of autonomous driving in my country have completely opened up the situation, and the race for this driverless autonomous driving technology is still fiercely carried out around the world. In the field of autonomous driving technology, there is a L5 grading standard. The larger the number, the higher the degree of automation. The technology that everyone may have access to now is usually between L2 and 23, which means it has a certain level. AI intervenes, and you can complete operations such as changing lanes and overtaking vehicles under specific conditions. However, it still requires the driver to be ready to take over the job at any time. Remember at the beginning of the year, there was actually no one in the car market. Car companies have installed autonomous driving systems that can reach Level 4 on mass-produced models, which means that under special terrain or road conditions, they can completely break away from human-controlled darkness and be able to operate autonomously. Complete the operation and operation of the vehicle, this is a level of autonomous driving, and the interaction between the driver and the car is only limited to this temporary replacement in different areas, or when the road conditions switch, Once the vehicle enters a qualified environment, it can continue to drive autonomously. It is particularly noteworthy that in 2018, many car companies actually announced the launch of the fourth series of autonomous vehicles, and some are currently undergoing testing.

Some will start research and development. For example, in July the Internet announced that it would join forces with King Long Bus to launch a fourth series of mass-produced self-driving buses. In October, Huawei and Audi announced that they would jointly develop four-level autonomous buses. Driving, no matter what, this year's autonomous driving technology is striving towards the 4G era. I didn't care about the previous hurdles. There is a reason why this year’s third keyword is unmanned driving, or autonomous driving, because there are many strange forms of transportation this year that are frequently mentioned, such as various forms of flight. Cars, what impressed me most was the combination of cars and fixed-wing aircraft.Mr. Chun also has an oversized manned drone like the pla. These two so-called cars are more than just concepts. The former is said to have been opened for pre-order, while the latter has also ended the secret testing phase and has been officially displayed to the public. According to the current price, or the predicted price, after mass production of such equipment, it can be controlled at approximately The level of a mid-range SUV means that in the near future, if you want to drive your own flying car and fly in the sky, price is not the main factor, but the supporting policies.

An interesting detail is that many science fiction movies or TV series released this year, regarding the concept of future urban transportation, seem to have multiple suspenseful flying cars. To be honest, unmanned aerial vehicles, including the hyper-high-speed train that was very popular some time ago, although no one can say how far these futuristic modes of transportation are from actually entering our lives. But compared to the past, they only existed in science fiction. In 2018, they have become models, started testing, and are even close to mass production. Today, it seems to be hinting that they may not be released. In ten years, the traffic patterns we are familiar with now will undergo earth-shaking changes. By then, the view of time and space on the earth may also change. It has been subverted once again, so I think the third keyword in 2018 belongs to the four words "future transportation".

The typhoon barrier that has always been talked about by the people of Shanghai seems to be very ineffective this year. Shanghai became the first city in China to have three typhoons land in 30 days. It should have been Autumn is crisp and refreshing, but in November, people are in no mood due to the smog, humidity, and heat. In December, it becomes even more depressing. It rains almost non-stop for nearly half a month, and what’s even more abnormal is that in a wave Cliff style. After the temperature dropped to winter, it snowed for the first time. Many friends around me were wondering, is this kind of weather still the Shanghai we are familiar with? Not just in Shanghai, but across the world, climate anomalies seem to be an important news element throughout 2018. Whether in Asia, Europe, Africa or North America, many places have experienced unusually high temperatures this summer. China, Japan, Vietnam, Laos, India, etc. have also experienced floods due to heavy rains. Australia in the southern hemisphere has experienced a severe drought that has not been seen in a century. Some time ago, everyone was deeply impressed. California in the United States has experienced the worst drought in history. In the most serious wildfires, we gradually seem to have the understanding that abnormal weather is normal, although it is difficult for us to attribute a single extreme weather event to a person.

It will cause climate change, but many previous scientific studies have actually concluded that the probability of extreme weather events is directly or indirectly related to human activities. According to statistics from the World Meteorological Organization, by 2011 Among the 131 studies published in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society in 2016,65% of studies found that the probability of extreme weather events is significantly affected by human activities, such as human activity. The probability of some extreme high temperature weather events has increased by more than ten times. Technology, then following the 2013 Ten Air Measures, this year the State Council announced a three-year action plan to win the battle to defend the blue sky. As a major coal consumer, to win the battle to defend the blue sky, the transformation of the energy industry is actually crucial. Guangdong, for example, has clearly proposed optimizing and integrating coal-fired power plants, promoting coal-fired power plants that have expired, have been in service for a long time, and are located in urban built-up areas.

There are plans to close down Guangzhou power plants before the end of 2018. However, phasing out coal-fired power plants sounds like a very simple matter, but how to deal with the resulting power gap? What about filling? This petrochemical and efficient gas-fired power generation is very important. For example, in Zengcheng, Guangzhou, a large-scale gas-fired cooling, heating and power triplex is expected to be put into operation at the end of 2019. The Chenggong project has introduced two sets of generator sets including two Siemens ct587h heavy-duty gas turbines. The principle of the gas turbine is amazing. After the lamp is lit, the air in the lamp is heated and the airflow rises, which will push the impeller to rotate. The hot exhaust gas from the gas turbine is not discharged into the environment without being used, but enters the waste heat boiler and is generated for the downstream steam turbine. Thereby greatly improving power generation efficiency, Siemens' H-class gas turbine is one of the most efficient and powerful gas turbines currently in commercial operation. It is widely used in combined heat and power plants, which can be said to convert fuel into usable energy. , one of the most efficient ways, the combined cycle unit using such a gas turbine can meet the needs of households in a city with a population of 3 million.

If there is demand, in addition to centralized power generation, distributed energy can also be said to have unlimited potential. In August this year, two Siemens gas-fired steam generators were installed in the natural gas distributed energy project in Kunshan, Jiangsu. The combined cycle units have successfully passed the 96-hour full-load trial operation. This also means that Jiangsu Province’s first regional natural gas distributed energy project has been fully completed. After being put into operation, it can not only provide clean power to the power grid. Providing industrial steam load can also provide air-conditioning load for surrounding public and commercial places and residents, creating a green, low-carbon and sustainable city. Although I gave the fourth technological keyword of 2018 to climate anomalies, In my heart, I actually hope that the abnormal climate and environmental pollution will cause people to pay more attention to environmental issues in the future. The high-tech transformation of the energy industry is smoother.

Cassie, you have fallen. At such an important probe moment like Saturn, this year’s space exploration seems to have lacked a few hits. The only one that can be called a global crowd is probably at the beginning of the year. That heavenly show that allowed a sports car to fly to Mars, the first flight of the Falcon Heavy rocket, but we really need to take a closer look at this year’s commendable launch of the probeWell, there are quite a few of them, Insight No. 5 in May. The Mars lander set off, and it successfully landed on Mars at the end of last month. It was the first time that humans directly probed the internal structure of Mars. In June, Japan's Hayabusa 2 asteroid probe may have flown to the asteroid. Planet Ryugu, and successfully airdropped the lander Nest in October. By the end of 2020, only the samples collected on the asteroid No. 2 will be sent back to Earth. A probe focusing on asteroids, Lhasa's Osiris, arrived at the asteroid in early December. In 2023, he will also bring us back. From this one, more than 200 years later, there will be 1 There is a 2500/2500 possibility of a sample of an asteroid hitting the Earth. On August 12, the Parker probe will set off towards the sun, and it will do so at an unprecedented speed.

The sun, or kissing the sun, because it will pass through the outer atmosphere of the sun, which is what we call the corona. The ultimate goal of Parker is to get closer to less than 6 million kilometers from the surface of the sun. On October 19th, the XM detector jointly developed by Europe and Japan was successfully launched and began its long space journey to Mercury. If all goes well, by 2025, they will send back the most detailed information about Mercury in history. Detection. Not long ago, on December 8, our country's Chang'e 4 lunar probe was successfully launched. With the help of the sophisticated Queqiao and the relay star, it was the first soft landing on the back of the moon in human history. Execution, it can be said that the pace of human space exploration has not slowed down in 2018. Mars, Mercury, asteroids, the surface of the sun, the moon, the back side, destinations. It is becoming more diverse, and the tasks are becoming more complex. This exactly reflects space exploration. It seems to be changing from the check-in game of the past to the in-depth game of today. There is still one last keyword left. I think it is not as good as the pattern. Even bigger, this year is the fifth anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative, and it is also the reform and opening up.

On the 40th anniversary, the reason why we can have such a beautiful and happy life today is actually inseparable from the Belt and Road Initiative and reform and opening up. The concept of global cooperation behind this, although this There have also been many unpleasant disputes that seemed to run counter to these four words in 2018, but we should also see that cooperation and openness are still the mainstream of the future, and they also represent opportunities. This is true for China and the world. . In fact, those grand words are not what I am good at expressing. Whether it is majestic or thrilling, I believe everyone has deeply experienced it over the past year. Let me talk about what impressed me most. I remember that this year’s World Internet At the conference, the former Prime Minister of Pakistan recalled a past event. Gwadar Port, not far from the Gulf, was once a small fishing village in Pakistan. It turned into an important port in just two years. This Only level eight. There has never been such a thing in the history of assets, and this Gwadar Port is the outlet of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor.Well, here is some background knowledge. The Belt and Road Initiative currently includes six economic corridors, among which the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is the most successful and can be regarded as a flagship project. As you can imagine, for Pakistan, which has always been rich in the east and poor in the west. For example, if this port located at the westernmost tip of the country develops into the Pakistani version of Shenzhen, it will be a disaster.

What a benefit it is to balance their domestic development, not to mention, after the infrastructure is completed, this port with excellent location advantages will be a strong attraction for global investment. In addition to the construction of Gwadar Port and the focus of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, there are also transportation and electricity. These aspects are also huge opportunities for our Chinese companies in the relatively wealthy Northeast of Pakistan. No, there is a province called Punjab, which has half of the country’s population and an economic contribution rate of over 60%. Over there, power upgrading is an important issue they face. Among them, our Chinese companies have firmly seized the opportunity. China Machinery Engineering Corporation provides two-for-one power plants for the Jiheng Combined Cycle Power Plant of Punjab Thermal Power Co., Ltd. in Pakistan. The power island equipment you are referring to, and in this project, there are two ST58000HK gas turbines and one ST5000 steam turbine provided by Siemens, two sets of TM waste heat boilers, transformers and switch station systems, and the whole plant control system and related auxiliary systems, please do not underestimate this project. Even if it is placed in China, it is still a giant, with a total installed capacity of one thousand.

263 MW. When completed and put into operation in 2019, it can generate more than 1.26 million kilowatt-hours per hour, which is equivalent to the total electricity consumption of nearly 4 million households in Pakistan. They will also become the largest in Pakistan. A gas-fired power plant, which can effectively alleviate the problem of long-term power supply shortage in Pakistan. This project is also constructed by China Machinery Engineering Corporation. There is an H-class gas turbine power station project. For Siemens, it is the first time that its H-class gas turbine has entered the Pakistani market. As for the benefits of H-class gas turbines, there is actually no need to repeat them here. We were talking about the Guangzhou Zengcheng project earlier. Just mentioned it, did you notice it? Cooperation like this, whether it is for Pakistan or China, whether it is for local Chinese companies or international companies, can be said to be global. Cooperation has brought tangible benefits, and if we were to take down examples like this one by one, I’m afraid it would take another whole year to list them all. Originally, I was just going to take 20 minutes to do a quick inventory with everyone. As for looking back, who would have thought that once we get started, we will realize that there are so many things worth talking about this year that it is impossible to cover them all.

Is this just a family story? If I am biased, please forgive me. In fact, what I also look forward to is that you can leave a message in the comment area and talk about the 2018 technology keywords in your mind. Only with your additions can I It can be regarded as a once and for allA complete inventory. Happy New Year!

③ Blockchain Series 5 - Oracle

1. Why is a decentralized oracle needed?

① Connect real-world data

Oracle is a bridge that collects real-world data to provide data for blockchain smart contracts. This is an important function of combining blockchain technology with the real world. Before, Bitcoin actually only stayed in the virtual realm. It was a completely digital asset and had no connection with the real world. It was somewhat self-talk, but in the actual real world All economic behaviors will generate data, and the connection between technology and actual data can be generated through oracles. This is just like the previous blockchain technology is an independent closed pool. Its own waves cannot affect other water systems, but through oracles It is equivalent to opening up a closed pool and turning it into living water, which rises and falls with the real sea of ​​reality.

② Reduce intermediary fees and automatically execute the contract content

Since the blockchain cannot be tampered with data, the accuracy of the data is objectively guaranteed and the contract content can be automatically executed. Imagine that in the past, if two companies jointly signed a contract worth 100,000, Company A breached the contract, but Company B was very likely to give up its rights protection, because it knew that legal rights protection would require more money and time. Then for Company B next time, after the evaluation , it is very likely that the 100,000 contract will not be signed because the risk is too high. But smart contracts guarantee automatic execution, and as long as company A defaults, company B can be compensated. This will greatly facilitate the further development of the transaction.

③ Can prevent hacker attacks

Imagine that if data recording is centralized, you only need to attack a certain website or port, and the relevant record information will be tampered with, but decentralization The oracle machine now extracts data from multiple parties for comparison. Instead of trusting one port in the past, there is now an additional multi-port comparison link to see if the port information is consistent. In the past, hackers attacked one port, but now hackers have to attack multiple ports, and hackers do not know which ports are called, so the difficulty is greatly increased.

2. In what fields can the oracle be applied?

① Can be better applied to areas with clear quantitative standards

For example, gambling, goods transactions, mortgage loans, the results of transactions are very easy to judge, winning or losing games, delivery of goods, etc. Whether the loan is repaid as scheduled, the smart contract can automatically execute the corresponding contract content. It is somewhat similar to the Taobao platform. When I buy an apple, I first give the money to the Taobao platform, the merchant delivers the goods, the buyer confirms receipt, and the Taobao platform transfers the money to the merchant. But now the decentralized oracle machine connects the data of our peer-to-peer transactions, and the smart contract assumes the role of the platform and also reduces the fees of the intermediary platform.

② Cannot be applied well to non-quantitative standard trading areas

For example, in the design industry, Party B provides a plan, but Party A believes that it does not meet the standards and requires continued modification. However, after Party B has modified it many times, Party A still does not agree with its design. Then there will be problems with the judgment of the smart contract. It is not easy to judge whether Party B failed to complete the work according to the standards or Party A wants to get more fruits of labor for a small amount of money, and the issue of contract execution also arises from this.

④ What is data annotation | "Artificial Intelligence + Blockchain" Popular Science Question 5

When the previous question talked about deep learning, we mentioned a very key term : Data annotation.

To explain clearly what data annotation is, we have to mention the special group of "data annotators". The term "artificial intelligence" seems unfathomable, but the current big data collection work provided for machine learning is still based on the labor-intensive artificial intelligence data annotation industry. The content of those people who sit in front of computers and are called "workers behind artificial intelligence" every day is actually not fundamentally different from many assembly line workers in the 1980s.

This is a fact and there is no need to argue.

According to incomplete statistics, the number of "data annotators" employed nationwide has reached 100,000, and the number of part-time workers is close to 1 million.

Behind the scorching and shining artificial intelligence, the data annotation industry, as a basic support, appears to be extremely rough and unsophisticated. No wonder some people say: The so-called artificial intelligence means that there is as much intelligence as there are artificial people.

So what exactly is data annotation?

To understand data annotation, you must first understand that artificial intelligence actually partially replaces human cognitive functions. Think back to how humans learn. For example, when we were young and we knew apples, our mother came to you with an apple and told you that it was an apple. When you meet an apple again in the future, you will know: Oh, this big, red, sour and sweet thing is called "apple".

By analogy with machine learning, we have to teach the machine to recognize an apple, but of course it cannot taste it. We can only give it a picture of an apple, and of course the machine can’t understand what it is! We must first have a picture of an apple with the word "apple" labeled on it and then give it to the machine to learn. Although the machine has fast processing speed and good memory, its IQ is almost zero in terms of association, analogy and inferences.. The machine has learned the apple in picture A, but if you take another apple picture B that the machine has never learned before, it may not recognize it. Because we say that there are no two identical leaves in the world, then naturally there are no two identical apples. then what should we do? We learn a large number of different apple pictures for the machine and let the machine capture the features in these same annotations. At this time, if we give the machine a picture of an unfamiliar apple, it may be able to recognize it.

Suppose we have 1,000 pictures labeled "Apple", then we can take 900 pictures as the training set and 100 pictures as the test set. The machine learns a model by capturing the features in 900 apple pictures, and then we identify the remaining 100 pictures that the machine has not seen. Then we can test the machine's recognition through the learning of the previous 900 pictures. How accurate is Apple?

In short, data annotation is when humans use computers and other tools to classify, frame, annotate, mark and label various types of data including text, pictures, voices, videos, etc. Properties of labels work.

Artificial intelligence is fed by big data, and data annotation is a very important part of forming valuable massive data. How to efficiently motivate and organize more people to participate in data contribution will be the key to the success of future technology companies.

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