区块链是一种记录保存机制吗,区块链是一种记录保存机制对吗

区块链是一种分布式记录保存机制，它是一种分布式数据库，它可以用来存储和跟踪各种数字资产，比如比特币、以太坊等，它也可以用来存储和跟踪各种交易信息，比如购买、出售、转让等。

关键词1：分布式数据库（Distributed Database）。分布式数据库是一种基于分布式技术的数据库系统，它把数据存储在多台计算机上，这些计算机可以分布在不同地点，也可以分布在不同的机房。分布式数据库提供了更高的可靠性、安全性、可缩放性和灵活性，能够更好地适应现代企业的业务需求。而区块链正是基于分布式数据库技术而构建的一种记录保存机制。

关键词2：比特币（Bitcoin）。比特币是一种虚拟货币，它是一种去中心化的数字货币，它的发行、流通和交易都是通过区块链技术实现的，比特币的发行量是有限的，它的价格也会随着市场的变化而变化，比特币的流通也是通过区块链技术实现的，比特币的交易也是通过区块链技术实现的，因此，比特币依赖区块链技术，而区块链又依赖于记录保存机制来实现比特币的发行、流通和交易。

关键词3：以太坊（Ethereum）。以太坊是一种去中心化的智能合约平台，它使用区块链技术来实现智能合约的发行、流通和交易，智能合约可以用来实现自动执行的交易，而以太坊可以用来实现智能合约的发行、流通和交易，因此，以太坊也依赖于区块链技术，而区块链又依赖于记录保存机制来实现以太坊的智能合约的发行、流通和交易。

总结起来，区块链是一种分布式记录保存机制，它可以用来存储和跟踪各种数字资产，比如比特币、以太坊等，它也可以用来存储和跟踪各种交易信息，比如购买、出售、转让等，它是基于分布式数据库技术而构建的，它可以为比特币、以太坊等提供可靠的记录保存机制，从而实现比特币和以太坊的发行、流通和交易。

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㈠ What is blockchain

The poster must first understand two logics.

One is blockchain technology and the other is blockchain investment (a mixture of good and bad, need to be distinguished).

Blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed ledger database. P is a big deal, every node on the chain will be replicated and accounted for synchronously, and the information will be transparent and difficult to tamper with. For example, if you say you want to buy a bag for your girlfriend, and she posts it to Moments, everyone knows about it and writes it down in her notebook. You can't deny it, so you have to pay for it. However, having a partner is the first step!

There are three core values ​​of blockchain technology

1. Decentralization

2. Traceability

3. Untamperable

Because of its values, it can solve many trust problems in our daily life, such as food safety, evidence preservation, etc.

It can be said that the application of blockchain in today's society is becoming more and more widespread, but there are also people who don't know much about blockchain. So what exactly is blockchain? Let me talk about my own experience!

In terms of the decentralized storage of the blockchain, the blockchain can be said to be equivalent to a distributed ledger. The memory of each block is arranged in series using the order of time to form an extensive chain. And this combined chain cannot be tampered with or forged by a third party at will, which effectively guarantees the security of the chain formed by data combination!

Moreover, the characteristics of blockchain are fully in line with the business needs of modern enterprises. Blockchains that are sufficiently decentralized and trustless will be accepted by more people over time. , I believe that blockchain will also be immeasurable in its future development.

So, where exactly can blockchain be used? I believe this is also an issue that many people are concerned about. Just like the Starlight Chain developed by Diandian Starlight, as the Starlight Chain has the same characteristics as the blockchain, more realistic distributed storage and cloud computing will be widely used in our daily life services and the Internet of Things!

In commercial storage, Starlight Chain will also play a vital role. For example, distributed hotels or smart life computing are inseparable from Starlight Chain's storage, computing and processing work.

It is said that Starlight Chain will be launched soon. If you want to own Starlight Chain, you must prepare in time! But there is another point. If you want to own the Starlight Chain, you have to mine or trade it. If you don’t know it, you need to understand it in advance. Only when you know yourself and your enemy can you choose something that suits you!

What is blockchain? Everyone who knows has a little understanding and their own opinions.

The official definition of blockchain is: Blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and Access security, a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data.

What is mentioned separately in blockchain technology is "decentralization", which means that online transactions do not require intermediaries such as Alipay, and buyers and sellers directly communicate with each other, and there is no need to worry about being cheated. If you cheat, there is no need to consider the credibility of each other.

Similar to the real-life transactions in a physical store, you give him money and he gives you things. He can see the origin of your money, who has used it in the past, and who holds it, and you can see the raw materials, the place of origin, and the specific manufacturing process. Isn’t this awesome?

In the blockchain, we are all a link in the chain. We are linked back and forth, forming a chain, a loop, and a network. Everyone is a part of it, and everyone is the last source of information for others. and accept the next message.

Regardless of whether you make money or not, participating early will always give you more opportunities.

In one sentence, if Internet technology solves the communication problem, blockchain technology solves the trust problem.

The so-called blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. In layman's terms, blockchain refers to a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database through decentralization and trustlessness. To put it more clearly, blockchain is similar to a way for all people to participate in accounting. There is a database behind all systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. Then who will keep this ledger becomes very important.

At present, whoever owns the system keeps the accounts. Tencent keeps the account books of WeChat, and Alibaba keeps the account books of Taobao. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. If there are any data changes within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can do accounting. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period, write his recorded content into the ledger, and record this Within a period of time, the contents of the ledger are sent to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete ledger. In this way, we call it blockchain technology.

What? I don’t know...

How to use it? The most typical one is probably the economic profit brought about by the exponential explosive growth of Bitcoin. And now every major platform has launched its own blockchain, hoping to get a piece of the pie.

The most popular NetEase nowPlanet, you can earn Force Power by signing in every day, and you can earn Force Power by inviting friends. The amount of Force Power directly affects the number of black diamonds you dig. So far, the biggest brother has only mined seventy. There are about 3 black diamonds, and I only have about 3.

The current information provided by NetEase is that the black diamond transaction will be carried out in mid-March. At that time, it should be possible to reflect whether the black diamond is valuable. And compared with other blockchain projects, NetEase Planet must have the invitation code of the inviter before you can register.

The second one is Block City, which is also a relatively popular platform. Judging from my current situation, this platform has more types of mines, not just like Black Diamond. It is a kind of thing, and in comparison, the quantity dug is really small. So far, it is calculated based on the output of a few 0.00.

The third one is this inurswallet. I don’t quite understand this one, it’s similar to the other two, but the output is relatively large

The fourth one is this online Leitz dog. This one is a little different from the others. You can get calculus points by signing in. , or you can earn micro points by inviting friends, and you can also earn micro points by buying and selling Leitz dogs. Many people feel that there is nothing interesting about raising a dog, because they don’t need to collect it all the time like other platforms, so it seems a bit boring. The current Leitz dog is only the 0th generation, and the breeding function may appear in the later period to produce the 1st generation, the 2nd generation, etc.

Blockchain is a technology that can make data on the Internet safe, reliable and non-replicable. Moreover, there is no need for an agency or organization to take care of it.

At present, blockchain technology is not yet mature, because there are indeed technical bottlenecks, resulting in unsatisfactory data processing speed in the blockchain. The reason why blockchain is so popular is inseparable from people’s enthusiastic expectations. However, blockchain is indeed a disruptive technology. I believe that one day it will break through the technical bottleneck and truly good applications will appear.

1 and N, public and private, efficient and inefficient

(1) What is the difference between new retail and blockchain?

Many people’s first impression is that there is no essential difference between the two!

Is this really the case?

Share-holding new retail, free access for the people, limited capital, only channel, and the end point is socialist ownership by the whole people. Blockchain, free access to capital, limited access to the people, infinite channels and platforms (N), constantly pushing up channel costs, always points to capitalist private ownership. One is 1, the other is N; one channel has decreasing costs, one channel has increasing costs; one points to socialist ownership by the whole people, and the other points to capitalist private ownership.

(2) What is the difference between new retail and traditional networks?

Many people’sIt feels like new retail will help everyone make money in the future, and will be no different from traditional networks in other aspects.

Is this really the case?

Consumer-led new retail has free access for consumers and producers, limited capital, and unique channels. The end point is zero marginal cost and a high degree of system security and stability. In contrast, today's traditional networks have free access to capital, and the number and cost of channels are constantly increasing. Each platform may not see the sun next year, and the platform is logically unsafe and unstable. One is 1, the other is N; one is cost-decreasing, the other is cost-increasing; one is a benefit entity, and the other is a pitfall entity; one is heading towards stability and unity, the other is heading towards division and conflict; one is pointing towards common prosperity, and the other is pointing towards polarization.

(3) What is the difference between new retail and the commercial banking system led by the Federal Reserve?

Consumers dominate new retail, with only one channel. Consumers and physical enterprises have free access. The end point is the lowest-cost channel and socialist public ownership. Commercial banks have free access to capital, and the end point is that channel costs are constantly rising, which not only squeezes physical profits, but also points to debt and economic crisis. One is 1, the other is N; one is free access for people, and the other is free access for capital; one is zeroing out channel costs, pointing to happiness, and the other is gradually increasing channel costs, and the economy is driven by investment, which ultimately triggers an irreversible environmental crisis. .

(4) Great simplicity, all methods unified

Channels do not directly create value!

The fewer channels, the higher the efficiency. New retail has free access for the people. To maintain the uniqueness is to maintain the lowest cost and to maintain the road to the future!

Looking at blockchain, traditional networks and commercial banking systems, their starting point is N. The more they struggle, the greater the damage to the entities they depend on, and the closer they are to death.

——What is socialist public ownership?

All enterprises are linked by a new retail link into a super enterprise, which only bears production and transportation costs. The wealth of society is determined by production capacity, not by capital and financial algorithms. Strong and excess production capacity determines common prosperity.

——What is capitalist private ownership?

With free access to capital, you can mess around. The number of channels and platforms continues to increase, and channel costs increase exponentially, squeezing entity profits and inhibiting entity enterprises from serving the people. Channels here include blockchain, traditional networks, commercial banking networks, etc. The essence of private ownership is to be conservative and fish in troubled waters.

What is blockchain? This word seems to have become a question that people who have done a little research on the Internet will ask in 2018.

The emergence of blockchain as a new concept word, many people were unable to understand it at first.Let’s take the Starlight Chain of Bits and Stars, code: STA, as an example.

Starlight Chain is based on blockchain and has the characteristics of blockchain such as decentralization and trustlessness. The so-called decentralization and trustlessness mean that point-to-point transmission can be carried out in the future, and Starlight Chain Chains can achieve this. The details are as follows:

Based on the decentralization, distribution, point-to-point transmission, non-tampering and other characteristics of the blockchain, the uploaded data will be stored in slices and backed up multiple times and encrypted for storage. Obtaining any one or more pieces cannot constitute complete data. When part of the stored data is lost or damaged, in order to ensure the security of the data and download it at any time, the system will automatically generate a new backup, and only the private key can be used to download, change or delete.

Blockchain is used to jointly record public data, or in a more narrow sense, for accounting.

You said that you can just use a computer to record the accounts yourself. Why do you need a blockchain to record them?

Because others don’t believe the accounts you keep. Who are you? Why do others believe what you remember?

For example, you recorded in your computer that Zhang San owes you 10,000 yuan, and Zhang San said that I also recorded in my computer that you owe me 1 million yuan. What to do?

This used to be the solution: Find a notary, and both of your accounts will be recorded with the notary. If there is a dispute, the notary's account book shall prevail. For example, this is what banks do. Both of your money is deposited with him, and there are records of transfers and borrowings.

The blockchain solves this problem: when you are keeping accounts in your own computer, Zhang San will also keep the same data in his own computer. After recording, you two will check each other and both agree. Okay, this account is officially recorded. There is no need for third parties or so-called "authoritative agencies" or "certification agencies" to participate in the process.

The way everyone keeps accounts together is also called "distributed" or "decentralized" because everyone keeps accounts, and the accuracy of the ledger is determined by a program algorithm rather than a certain an authoritative organization.

This is the blockchain. The core is finished. The blockchain is as simple as a common ledger.

What is blockchain?

First of all, let’s clarify the concept. Blockchain is a computer technology that integrates multiple disciplines. Like the Internet, it is an electronic platform for processing information data.

Blockchain is not equal to digital currency. Digital currency only applies blockchain technology to increase its uniqueness and security, making it difficult to counterfeit. These digital currencies are actually strings of digital information codes.

Then answer two sub-questions:

(1) How to use blockchain technology

ToTo figure out how to use the blockchain, you must first figure out how it works and what its advantages and disadvantages are.

Simply put, on the blockchain platform, the data will be processed and packaged into a fixed size, and then encrypted to generate unique verification information, and the verification information will be used to complete the concatenation of the data. The middle information block will contain the verification information of the previous block and generate new unique information for use by subsequent blocks. Because the generated verification information is unique, changing any of its contents will produce another different verification information. Therefore, blockchain uses this to ensure data security.

On this basis, the blockchain uses distributed storage to store copies of data in the hands of everyone participating in the blockchain. Only the data information that everyone compares with the same is recognized. information. If there are different copies that are different from the majority, then its data is tampered with, that is, forged.

Blockchain also has other features, such as instant broadcast, status synchronization, smart contracts, automatic operation, and public sharing.

When we use blockchain technology, we must think about what actual problems this technology can solve and whether there are any other alternative solutions to these problems. If the cost of using blockchain technology is lower, then it can be adopted.

For example, if a company's financial information is saved using blockchain technology, each financial transaction will be securely encrypted and distributed to multiple computers in the company to save copies. Then these stored data are secure enough, and no one can unilaterally tamper with the accounts. If someone's copy of the account is different from other people's, then it is tampered with.

Such an application can save a lot of financial data review costs and create benefits for enterprises.

(2) When will blockchain mature?

Blockchain will mature tomorrow.

Haha, of course this is impossible. To say when the technology will mature, you need to consider where it will be used, whether it is for commercial or civilian use, or for simple data applications. To what extent do you want to use technology?

For example, when will Internet technology mature? Can you call me mature now? What are the criteria for maturity? For civilian use, Internet technology is relatively mature because it can already meet people's daily information processing needs. But for commercial use, Internet technology is not mature enough because it still has some technical bottlenecks. This is why Alibaba produces some transaction volume data every year during the e-commerce festival. You know, in such a short period of one or two hours, hundreds of millions of information flows in. How to deal with it? Whose priority? What to do if data is interrupted? These are all questions that are emerging gradually.

Back to the blockchain, blockchain technology is still in the state of a primitive model and is still in its very early stages.At the stage of rapid development, no one had imagined what kind of specific changes it would ultimately bring to society. Everything was just a castle in the air. Even the current social foundation of blockchain is still very weak. How can we infer its maturity time on such a basis?

If I had to name a time, I would say tomorrow. Why tomorrow? Because technology is developing, tomorrow's progress will definitely be more complete than today's.

Thanks for reading.

㈡ What is blockchain

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database.

At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify its Validity of information (anti-counterfeiting) and generation of the next block.

In fact, the original English version of the Bitcoin white paper does not appear in the word blockchain, but uses chain of blocks. In the earliest Chinese translation of the Bitcoin white paper, chain of blocks was translated into blockchain. This is the earliest time when the Chinese word "blockchain" appeared.

(2) Blockchain is a record keeping mechanismExtended reading

Application of blockchain:

Blockchain has potential huge application value in financial fields such as international exchange, letters of credit, equity registration and stock exchanges. The application of blockchain technology in the financial industry can eliminate the need for third-party intermediaries and achieve direct point-to-point connection, thereby greatly reducing costs and quickly completing transaction payments.

For example, Visa launched Visa B2B Connect based on blockchain technology, which can provide institutions with a lower-cost, faster and safer cross-border payment method to process business-to-business transactions worldwide. .

Be aware that traditional cross-border payments require 3-5 days of waiting and a 1-3% transaction fee. Visa also launched the first Bitcoin debit card in conjunction with Coinbase, and Citibank is testing the cryptocurrency Citicoin on the blockchain.

㈢What exactly is blockchain

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Simply put, blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger database.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. After reading this, you may still be confused. In fact, in vernacular terms, blockchain isIt is a decentralized distributed ledger database. The advantage of this distributed ledger is that buyers and sellers can trade directly without any intermediary. Everyone has a backup, even if your copy is lost, it will not be affected.

So what is distribution and decentralization? Take marriage registration as an example. In the past, when two people got married, they had to go to the Civil Affairs Bureau to go through the formalities, and then enter the information into the computer to complete the legal process. What if we use blockchain technology? As long as two people agree to get married and post a message in their circle of friends, the marriage process is completed and there is no need to go to the Civil Affairs Bureau. Your friends are common witnesses. They may be scattered around the world, but their mobile phones will help you record the information and tell others who want to know the situation.

If you want to conceal your marriage information, you used to have to modify the records on the Civil Affairs Bureau's computer, but now you have to modify the records on the mobile phones of all insiders at the same time. The more people who know about it, the less likely it is to modify it. Therefore it is an impossible task. This is distribution and decentralization.

On the network, every once in a while, a block will be generated. This block is equivalent to a network record book, which is used to record relevant information that has occurred over a period of time. Waiting for this record book When the record is full, a new record book will be generated. Once the information is recorded, all participants will be notified and everyone's record book will be updated simultaneously.

These record books are eventually connected in series with each other. This is blockchain technology. Because of the use of cryptography technology, if someone wants to unilaterally tamper with the message, it will be verified through the blockchain algorithm protection mechanism. If the time point does not match and the related information does not match, other people will not update their record books. Then this information is invalid.

Therefore, compared with traditional information storage technology, blockchain technology is more secure, transparent, and information is irreversible.

Blockchain is not equal to Bitcoin, it is just an underlying technology invented to realize the digital currency of Bitcoin. Blockchain can be applied in a wider range. In addition to digital currency, it can also be applied in financial aspects such as P2P lending, global payment, micro-finance, electronic payment, and remittance. It can also be used in people's livelihood aspects such as intellectual property, elections, and notarization. The prospects for future development are huge.

㈣ What exactly is blockchain and what are its characteristics

Blockchain is a new application of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Schema, which is essentially a decentralized database, is a series of data blocks that are associated using cryptographic methods. Blockchain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting, and its core is decentralization.

Is this series of standard definitions difficult to understand? If you use an example to explain blockchain, it is as follows:

There is a villageThe village cooperated collectively. They set up an accountant to keep records, that is, who worked how much, how much everyone bought, how much money the village earned, etc. At the end of the year, the village chief will distribute the balance to the villagers based on the recorded ledgers.

However, people are always greedy, so some people discovered that accountants were falsifying accounts and lining their own pockets. In order to avoid such a thing from happening again, after a collective discussion, everyone decided not to use accounting and let everyone take turns keeping accounts to prevent the ledger from being controlled by a single person. This is "decentralization", that is, the ledger is accessible to everyone.

Are people greedy after all? Someone decided to embezzle village public funds, but he was afraid of being discovered by others, so he destroyed part of the account book, so no one could check him. As others learned this trick, the ledger was gone and the village's public property was almost gone.

Faced with this situation, everyone held a group discussion again and decided to use a new accounting method: everyone can have their own account book, and anyone who changes the account book must be informed Other people, other people will make the same entry in their own ledger. If someone finds something wrong with the accounts, they can point it out and refuse to accept it. When the accounts are divided at the end of the year, the accounts recognized by most people will be the legal accounts. Even if someone accidentally damages his account book, he only needs to find other legal accounts to copy. This is the "transparency and security" of blockchain.

However, this requires everyone to keep accounts every day, which is too troublesome and time-consuming. So everyone held a meeting and decided to roll the dice every morning and randomly decide who is responsible for recording the accounts of the day. After checking, others can copy it to their own account books if they think there is no problem. This is the prototype of the blockchain accounting method.

㈤ Blockchain technology concept

Blockchain technology concept

Blockchain technology concept, nowadays, blockchain has become the concern of most people In the field of blockchain, many companies have already studied this technology in depth, but there are still people who don’t know much about it. Below I will share an article about the concept of blockchain technology.

Blockchain technology concept 1

Basic concepts and working principles of blockchain

1. Basic concepts

Blockchain is a distributed data storage, point-to-point New application models of computer technologies such as transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. The blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a piece of the Bitcoin network.The transaction information is used to verify the validity of the information, prevent counterfeiting, and generate the next block.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data securely.

2. Working principle

The blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and basic algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the core of the blockchain The basis of programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.

Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it proposes four technological innovations to address this issue:

1. Distributed The ledger means that transaction accounting is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they can all participate in supervising the legality of the transaction and can also jointly testify for it.

Different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of blockchain distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. For data, traditional distributed storage generally divides the data into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node. [8]

No node can record ledger data independently, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to record false accounts. Also because there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically speaking, the accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thereby ensuring the security of the accounting data.

2. Asymmetric encryption and authorization technology, the transaction information stored on the blockchain is publicYes, but the account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with the authorization of the data owner, thus ensuring data security and personal privacy.

3. The consensus mechanism is how all accounting nodes reach a consensus to determine the validity of a record. This is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and strike a balance between efficiency and security.

The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal". "The minority obeys the majority" does not entirely refer to the number of nodes, but can also be the computing power and the number of shares. Or other characteristic quantities that the computer can compare. "Everyone is equal" means that when a node meets the conditions, all nodes have the right to give priority to the consensus result, which will be directly recognized by other nodes and may eventually become the final consensus result. Taking Bitcoin as an example, it uses proof of work. Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the entire network are controlled, it is possible to forge a non-existent record. When there are enough nodes joining the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.

4. Smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data. Some predefined rules and terms can be automatically executed. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information, including medical information and risk occurrence information, is true and trustworthy, it will be easy to implement automated claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.

3. Others

The Internet exchanges information, and the blockchain exchanges value. Human history and the history of the Internet can be understood in eight words: if they are divided for a long time, they must be combined. For a long time, they must be combined. In the era of long-term separation, all network information is scattered on the Internet. It is very difficult for everyone to mine information. At this time, platforms such as Google and Facebook will appear. , the only thing it does is recombine all our information. In the Internet era, what the monopoly giants reorganize is information, rather than generating their own information. The information generated is entirely our own. Once the information is reorganized, a new monopoly giant will emerge, so it will be an era of long-lasting separation. Now, due to the emergence of blockchain technology, it has entered an era of long-term integration and inevitable division. It is a new multi-centralization. After the new multi-centralization, new value will be generated. These data will be in our own hands, and personal data will generate value. It belongs to oneself. This is the most exciting era of this era.

What is the value of blockchain? A low-cost mechanism to establish trust, establish data rights, and resolve data property rights.

At present, blockchain technology continues to develop, including the current development of single chains to multi-chains, and the technology can be further expanded. I think there may still be disruptions in the future, especially in transactions and other aspects. , especially many disruptive scenarios for existing industries.

BlockchainThe essence is to establish trusted information exchange on an untrusted network.

One Belt, One Road + One Chain. The bigger thing about blockchain is not to create trust, but to allow trust to be transmitted losslessly, reducing the friction cost of society as a whole, thereby improving the overall efficiency.

Now the blockchain itself is still in its initial stage, so it includes the information transmission and encryption of the blockchain. Quantum encryption and other encryption appear in this process, which actually attacks the encryption algorithm used by the blockchain itself. This phenomenon also occurs from time to time. Including blockchain is also a recognition of assets, a recognition of digital assets, but now many of us use cryptographic algorithms, or as the key for us to decrypt, but if you forget the password, it is very likely that your current assets will be lost. If you lose them, you won't be able to get back your original assets. Therefore, there are still some hidden dangers in asset management, including information transmission and some security aspects. Of course, from a technical perspective, the processing speed of our blockchain itself, or its scalability, is because from the perspective of the working mechanism, the entire ledger must be copied to all participants, so in the blockchain Its operational efficiency and scalability are still relatively limited. We feel that these still need further development in terms of technology.

The underlying technologies of the blockchain platform also form blockchain wallets, blockchain browsers, node elections, mining machines, mining pools, development components, development modules, technical communities and project communities. and a series of ecosystems. The perfection of these ecosystems directly determines the efficiency and effectiveness of the underlying platform of the blockchain.

4. Mundell’s Impossible Triangle

It is impossible to achieve the ultimate in decentralization, efficiency, and security at the same time.

Blockchain technology concept 2

The essence of blockchain is a distributed accounting technology, as opposed to centralized accounting technology, which is widely used in our current lives. exist. Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity and anti-counterfeiting of the information and generate the next block.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. security, utilization by automationSmart contracts composed of script codes are a new distributed infrastructure and computing method for programming and operating data.

The popular understanding of blockchain technology is: connecting the front, back, left, and right blocks of "things" into a chain using one technology, but each block The original data of the block cannot be tampered with. It is a "linked module" technology in the field of Internet of Things that allows participants to trust. The application of blockchain technology is inseparable from the Internet and the Internet of Things. It is based on the integration and interaction of the two, but allows participants to remain independent, decentralized, and work together. With this set of value chain co-construction and sharing, technology.

Characteristics of blockchain: decentralization, openness, autonomy, information cannot be tampered with, and anonymity.

Blockchain is a network that can deliver value. The demand for a network that can deliver value is an important reason for the emergence of blockchain technology. Blockchain emerged driven by the need to protect information with ownership or other value. Through public and private key cryptography, distributed storage and other technical means, blockchain ensures on the one hand the efficient transmission of valuable information, and on the other hand ensures that this information will not be easily copied and tampered with during the transmission process.

Understand the connotation of blockchain from the inevitability of its birth. Blockchain is a distributed accounting technology that solves the shortcomings of centralized accounting and solves the problem of distributed consistency. It is also a The connected Internet is upgraded to a value network that ensures the safe and efficient transmission of valuable information.

Blockchain Technology Concept 3

Blockchain: Blockchain is like a globally unique account book, or database, which records the history of all transactions in the network.

Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM): It allows you to write more powerful programs on Ethereum and script programs on Bitcoin. It is also sometimes used to refer to the Ethereum blockchain, which is responsible for executing smart contracts and everything.

Node: You can run a node to read and write to the Ethereum blockchain, that is, using the Ethereum Virtual Machine. Full nodes require downloading the entire blockchain. Light nodes are still under development.

Miner: Mining, that is, the node that processes blocks on the blockchain. You can see some of the currently active Ethereum miners on this page: stats.ethdev.com.

Proof of Work: Miners are always competing to solve some mathematical problem. The first one to solve the problem (calculate the next block) will be rewarded with Ether coins. All nodes then update their own blockchain. All miners who want to figure out the next block have an incentive to stay in sync with other nodes and maintain the same blockchain, so the entire network can always reach consensus. (Note: Ethereum is planning to move to a proof-of-stake system (POS) without miners, but that is outside the scope of this article.)

Ethereum: Abbreviation ETH. A real thing you can buy and usePositive digital currency. Here is a chart from one of the exchanges where Ethereum can be traded. At the time of writing, 1 Ether is worth 65 cents.

Gas: Executing programs and saving data on Ethereum consumes a certain amount of Ethereum. Gas is converted from Ethereum. This mechanism is used to ensure efficiency.

DApp: The Ethereum community calls applications based on smart contracts decentralized applications (Decentralized App). The goal of DApp is (or should be) to have a friendly interface for your smart contracts, plus some extras, such as IPFS, a decentralized network that can store and read data, not from the Ethereum team but in a similar spirit ). DApp can run on a centralized server that can interact with Ethereum nodes, or it can run on any Ethereum equal node. (Take a minute to think about this: Unlike ordinary websites, DApps cannot run on ordinary servers. They need to submit transactions to the blockchain and read important data from the blockchain rather than a centralized database. Compared to typical users When logging into the system, the user may be represented as a wallet address and other user data is stored locally. Many things will be structured differently from current web applications.)

Ethereum client, smart contract language

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Writing and deploying smart contracts does not require you to run an Ethereum node. Browser-based IDEs and APIs are listed below. But if you are just learning, you should still run an Ethereum node to understand the basic components, and running a node is not difficult.

Clients available for running Ethereum nodes

Ethereum has many client implementations in different languages, that is, multiple methods of interacting with the Ethereum network. , including C++, Go, Python, Java, Haskell, etc. Why do we need so many implementations? Different implementations can meet different needs. For example, the goal of Haskell implementation is to be mathematically verifiable, to make Ethereum more secure, and to enrich the entire ecosystem.

At the time of writing this article, I am using the client geth (go-ethereum) implemented in the Go language. At other times, I also use a tool called testrpc, which uses the Python client pyethereum. Later examples will use these tools.

About mining: Mining is fun, a bit like caring for your houseplant, but also a way to learn about the entire system. Although the current price of Ethereum may not even cover the electricity bill, who knows in the future. People are creating many cool DApps that may make Ethereum more and more popular.

Interactive console: Once the client is running, you can synchronize the blockchain, create a wallet, and send and receive Ether.coins. One way to use geth is through the Javascript console. In addition, you can use cURL-like commands to interact with the client through JSON RPC. The goal of this article is to take you through the process of DApp development, so I won’t go into details about this. But we should remember that these command line tools are useful for debugging, configuring nodes, and using wallets.

Running the node on the test network: If you run the geth client on the official network, it will take quite a while to download the entire blockchain and synchronize with the network. You can determine if synchronization has occurred by comparing the last block number printed in the node logs with the latest block listed on stats.ethdev.com. ) Another problem is that running smart contracts on the official network requires real Ethereum. Running the node on the test network does not have this problem. At this time, there is no need to synchronize the entire blockchain. Just create your own private chain, which saves time for development.

Testrpc: Use geth to create a test network. Another faster way to create a test network is to use testrpc. Testrpc can help you create a bunch of test accounts with funds at startup. It also runs faster and is therefore better suited for development and testing. You can start with testrpc, and then as the contract slowly takes shape, move to the test network created by geth - the startup method is very simple, you only need to specify a networkid: geth --networkid "12345". Here is the code repository for testrpc, we will talk about it again below.

Next, let’s talk about the available programming languages, and then we can start the real programming. Solidity is the programming language used to write smart contracts.

There are several languages ​​to choose from for writing smart contracts: Solidity, which is somewhat similar to Javascript, has a file extension of .sol. Serpent, which is similar to Python, has a file name ending in .se. There is also a Lisp-like LLL. Serpent has been popular for a while, but now the most popular and stable one is Solidity, so just use Solidity. I heard you like Python? Use Solidity.

solc compiler: After writing the smart contract with Solidity, you need to use solc to compile it. It is a component from a C++ client implementation. Again, different implementations complement each other. Here is how to install it. If you don't want to install solc, you can also use a browser-based compiler, such as Solidity real-time compiler or Cosmo. The programming sections below will assume you have solc installed.

web3.js API.After the Solidity contract is compiled and sent to the network, you can use Ethereum's web3.js JavaScript API to call it and build web applications that can interact with it.