区块链在电力行业的应用研究论文,区块链在电力行业的应用研究现状

区块链技术在电力行业的应用：区块链技术是一种分布式的数据库，具有去中心化、共识机制和加密技术等特点，可以用于存储和管理电力行业的数据和信息。区块链技术可以有效地解决电力行业中存在的数据不安全、数据缺失、数据质量低等问题，从而提高电力行业的数据安全性和数据质量。此外，区块链技术还可以实现电力行业的供应链金融、环境监测、智能合约等应用，极大地提高了电力行业的运营效率。

智能合约在电力行业的应用：智能合约是一种基于区块链技术的自动执行合约，可以用于电力行业的智能调度、电力市场交易、智能用电等应用场景中。智能合约可以实现电力行业的自动化管理，可以有效地提高电力行业的运营效率，并有助于改善电力行业的环境。此外，智能合约还可以实现电力行业的数据共享，有助于提高电力行业的数据安全性和数据质量。

数据共享在电力行业的应用：数据共享是指电力行业中的数据可以在不同的组织间共享，以支持电力行业的合作伙伴关系和业务流程。区块链技术可以有效地实现电力行业的数据共享，可以实现电力行业的数据安全性和数据质量的提升。此外，数据共享还可以实现电力行业的供应链金融、环境监测等应用，有助于提高电力行业的运营效率。

Ⅰ Energy Blockchain Research | How Blockchain Impacts the Energy Industry

Blockchain is a P2P shared ledger that can securely retail digital transactions without relying on a third party Third party intermediary. Blockchain, initially thought to be a proprietary technology for cryptocurrencies, is now experiencing unprecedented growth in market capitalization. It has uses in many fields, and the field of power is no exception. From previous years, this space has had a complex system with many stakeholders, making it very transactional and inefficient. So, here are our hypotheses on how blockchain can drive energy to become more environmentally friendly.

The potential of blockchain in the energy power business

Upstream turbines will generate some unprocessed materials, which are refined and shipped to downstream distributors. Promote to end users through midstream distribution communities. While this course may initially appear to be a fairly simple process, it is not. Blockchain experts and technologists believe that blockchain expertise could provide options for key challenges facing power trade, and a slew of analytical missions and startups have emerged across the globe since last year.

Eliminate middlemen and reduce transaction value

By eliminating middlemen, blockchain technology can allow customers to quickly obtain commercial energy power, especially in wind power and photovoltaics. In the case of power, these powers can be produced by consumers themselves. Expertise therefore enables prosumers to enter the power market as suppliers. Additionally, a clear, secure, and stable blockchain system will enable customers to purchase from electricity suppliers instantly.

Enhancing Effective Alternatives

To execute transactions, companies spend tens of millions of dollars building and accessing proprietary commodity buying and selling platforms. Blockchain can also help provide a feasible solution where consumers and customers can exchange their diverse needs on a peer-to-peer basis, thereby enhancing the security, immediacy and immutability of transactions. Additionally, with distributed ledger expertise, the renewable energy certification process can be accelerated and automated, which would otherwise be expensive. Automated, tamper-proof sound contracting and metering policies can work well to enhance the accessibility of offsets.

Real Asset Management

The power area includes quite a few stakeholders, similar to upstream turbines, distributors, and other stakeholders, which means there are a plethora of of stakes. Blockchain expertise, through its shared and distributed ledgers, can provide a shared supply of assets and therefore knowledge management can be very powerful. Providing real bills is another kind of profit that expertise brings to every power supplier and customer. Through its unified ledger, blockchain ensures that every participant in the community has access to current measurements and calculations.fee process. Traceability of power supply provides customers with a transparent image, thereby providing peace of mind.

In addition to the use cases discussed above, blockchain can protect the privacy, knowledge confidentiality and account management of the power sector. Furthermore, with useful resources shared, experts can provide charging options among many customers, similar to sharing electric vehicle charging infrastructure knowledge, but with even more advantages.

Highly dynamic companies using blockchain

Many dynamic companies are adopting blockchain as a means to streamline current processes and create new capabilities To realize many functions similar to commodity trading, P2P power trading, eliminating middlemen and retailers, knowledge management, etc. Their goal is to include blockchain-based electricity meters and real-time auctions to create an autonomous powered market that might not only lower the price of currently unbalanced energy technologies, but even increase the overall efficiency of the system.

Conclusion

It is clear from the conversation above that blockchain expertise has the potential to transform the power sector. However, here are some of the challenges experts need to grapple with. The initial issue is that the blockchain must demonstrate that it is well positioned to provide the scalability, speed, and security required for the proposed use case. Many established and dynamic companies are using blockchain Digital Linear Tape (DLT), clearly revealing the potential value of this rising expertise. However, as this expertise continues to be generated, further improvements are required to achieve desired business and efficiency goals.

National Energy Information Platform contact number: 010-65367702, email: [email protected], address: People’s Daily, No. 2 Jintai West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing

II One In which journal is there a user-centered microgrid green electricity trading blockchain data model?

A user-centered microgrid green electricity trading blockchain data model is published in "Power Communication Technology Research" and Applications" journal.
Distributed energy, with green new energy as the main body, has become an important part of the energy trading market. In order to improve energy utilization and expand local consumption of distributed energy through multiple channels, distributed energy has obtained the legal qualification to sell electricity nearby. The energy production and consumption structure is centerless and multi-node. Due to the characteristics of centralized management, the existing energy operation model is difficult to be easily applied to distributed energy resources. Blockchain technology has the advantages of traceability, open transactions, and data transparency. Its decentralized characteristics are consistent with the centerless characteristics of distributed energy. Therefore, a distributed energy trading solution based on blockchain is proposed. Analyze existing distributed energy trading methods and their drawbacks, study the applicability of blockchain technology to distributed energy P2P transactions, and conduct continuous bilateral auctions.le auction (CDA), competitive equilibrium price (CEP), node reputation value, etc., establish a distributed energy settlement mechanism that supports distributed energy P2P transactions, and formulate a distributed energy blockchain payment model that complies with Chinese policies. , propose a distributed energy trading solution based on blockchain technology including system architecture and transaction process, compare the performance of traditional power trading systems and blockchain-based distributed energy trading systems, and think about how to improve the current blockchain The shortcomings and looking forward to the future of the energy market, to achieve the extended development of the traditional power trading market to distributed energy trading.

Ⅲ Jiang Bing, Chairman of State Grid Electric Vehicle Company: Blockchain technology promotes mobile energy Internet

On January 11-13, the China Electric Vehicles 100 Forum (2019) was held at Held at Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing, Jiang Bing, Chairman of State Grid Electric Vehicle Service Co., Ltd., delivered a keynote speech. The content of the speech is as follows:

Dear host, distinguished guests, I am Jiang Bing, Chairman of State Grid Electric Vehicle Service Co., Ltd. ice.

State Grid Electric Vehicle Company is the specialized electric vehicle segment of State Grid Corporation of China. It currently operates the world's largest charging network and owns the world's largest Internet of Vehicles platform. The theme of this 100-person meeting is "Transportation, Energy and Cities". I would like to talk about our experience of the next development trend of electric vehicles and energy based on our work.

First, the era of electrification of transportation.

We believe that the development of electric vehicles has entered a new development period and has launched the comprehensive electrification of transportation. We can all see that the development of electric vehicles increasingly reflects its energy attributes. It is not just a means of transportation, which was fully explained in Chairman Chen Qingtai’s speech yesterday. Let me share some insights based on our work.

This is an analysis of the strategic direction of transportation electrification from an energy perspective. The above picture is the entire life cycle flow chart of our electric vehicles, which was made by Tsinghua University. We can see that in the entire energy life cycle process, about 30% of the entire energy becomes power, and finally it is utilized. This is the entire synergy effect. In terms of power generation, we are talking about coal. The picture below shows the current efficiency of high-performance automobile fuel engines, from oil to gasoline to power. According to the most advanced technology, it is only 15%, so its system efficiency is only half that of electrification. Therefore, from the perspective of energy revolution, the electrification of transportation is a historical necessity. When we compare electric vehicles and gasoline vehicles, we cannot compare them purely from an economic point of view, because these are different things. From the perspective of energy efficiency, it is a revolution and a change. Therefore, we believe that the electrification of transportation is a common development trend of the transportation revolution and the energy revolution.

There was a historic moment last year. In November last year, the production and sales of new energy vehicles in China exceeded 1 million. At the same time, for the first time in history, the consumption of fuel vehicles stopped growing, falling by 13% in November. Everyone knows this number. November 2018 is a historic moment, a moment when the growth of fuel vehicles stopped, and a turning point in the century-old history of human automobile development. Don’t underestimate November 2018. This is a historic moment.

These are trucks, more than 800 of them, burning diesel. Once the trucks are on the road, the blow to fuel-powered vehicles will be devastating. Why do you say that? Mr. Yang Lei is in the oil business. In our current refining industry, diesel and gasoline have a fixed ratio. Diesel is the power for ships and trucks. If no one uses diesel, gasoline cannot be produced. This has nothing to do with price. , so the truck is of great significance.

A new trend in transportation electrification is port shore power. Now inland rivers and along the Yangtze River, ports have been gradually converting to shore power. This is the shore power of the Yangtze River Three Gorges ship lock built by the State Grid Corporation in November last year. , has been put into trial operation. This is the largest shore power project in the world.

This is a cargo ship launched by the Guangzhou Shipping Bureau. This is a passenger ship manufactured in Taizhou, Jiangsu. It will be delivered in February this year. It is the first time that electric power has appeared as a passenger ship on the Yangtze River. The whole thing has 2200 kilowatt-hours of electricity and can last 120 kilometers on a single charge. After its passenger and freight transportation becomes electric for small tonnage, its technology will rapidly develop to large tonnage, and will further develop to coastal freighters and offshore freighters. As long as the next port can be found within 200 kilometers, it can be electrified. The freighter burns heavy oil, and the refining is gasoline, diesel and heavy oil. If no one uses diesel and heavy oil, it will be a devastating blow to the refining industry. Our fuel vehicles and gasoline vehicles will have no fuel to refill, which in turn will further accelerate the development trend of transportation electrification. We believe that this trend has already begun.

I just talked about cars and boats, and airplanes. There are currently more than 20 well-known companies developing electric aircraft around the world. There are electric aircraft in Europe and America. The simplest electric aircraft is our drone. Nowadays, drones are basically electric. Regarding the development trend of electric aircraft, we believe that commercial operation can be achieved by 2030. This is an electric aircraft designed by Boeing. In 2030, Boeing will launch a commercial electric aircraft line. This is an American electric aircraft company that Geely just acquired.

Tesla President Elon Musk once said: "Except rockets, all transportation can be electrified." We think Elon Musk was wrong when he said rockets could be electric too. NASA has a dedicated laboratory to study plasma rocket propulsion, which has already entered theExperiment, the power for interstellar flight in the future will be plasma propulsion and electric power. Therefore, we conclude that as long as it is transportation, it can be electrified. Therefore, we created an English word that is not in the dictionary. We made it ourselves, called Electriclize Everything. The electric era is coming. We have now built a new application on the Internet of Vehicles platform called Internet of Boats. The platform for Internet of Vehicles has been established. Next, after the power ship is launched, we can add another variety, not only for car charging, but also for It’s the recharging of the boat. So our first big judgment is that the era of electric everything has arrived.

Second, mobile energy Internet.

We believe that the mobile energy Internet composed of electric vehicles, distributed energy, energy storage and smart grids is about to emerge. We know that mobile phones have promoted the development of mobile Internet, and this is how the concept of mobile energy Internet came about. Yesterday, Chairman Chen Qingtai predicted that by 2030, the sales of electric vehicles will exceed 1.5 million and the number of electric vehicles will exceed 80 million. . We believe that this data is the lower limit of the forecast. We believe that we have sufficient confidence to predict that the number of electric vehicles in China will exceed 100 million in 2030. The power of these 100 million electric vehicles exceeds 1 billion kilowatts, which is equivalent to all current power stations and coal-fired power stations in China, equivalent to 50 Three Gorges. In 2040, the number of electric vehicles may exceed 200 million, equivalent to 100 Three Gorges power stations. This is not the most important thing. The most important thing is that these 100 Three Gorges power stations are moving and changing every moment.

How to deal with a huge mobile power supply? After adding intelligent factors, we believe that the development prototype of the mobile energy Internet has begun to emerge. In this mobile energy Internet, every electric vehicle should be a mobile power generation terminal. Now V2G technology has no technical obstacles. It has been fully realized in our laboratories and demonstration stations. Now V2G only needs is the government’s electricity price policy. What’s the next step to get online? Dispatch interaction with the grid? Our second concept is the concept of mobile energy Internet, which is already ready to come out. Next, a question will be raised. If every electric vehicle can be charged and discharged, then every electric vehicle will become an energy user and producer, and become a power source. The direct problem it brings is that if a thousand electric vehicles interact with the power grid, then our current power grid dispatching will have no problem and can be dealt with. If 10,000 units interact with the power grid at the same time, the current dispatch will basically stop functioning.

Let’s say that by 2030, if there are 10,000 or 100 million electric vehicles, it is possible to interact with the power grid anytime and anywhere, to charge and to discharge, then what should we do? How can we support this system? To address this issue, we have developedStart taking action.

The third blockchain technology promotes the mobile energy Internet.

We have introduced blockchain technology into the current Internet of Vehicles. Blockchain technology is applied to mobile power supplies. This is the most powerful implementation of blockchain technology in the industrial field. With these 100 million electric vehicles, it is impossible for you to wait until 11pm every Double Eleven to start selecting products, entering passwords, ordering quantity, and making payments. This is impossible. So what to do? It must be intelligent. In the future, the interaction between the power grid and the tram, this dispatch must be a smart brain, a super brain. It will definitely adopt new technology, and we are blockchain technology. Blockchain technology actually maps these power grids and electric vehicles in the physical world to the virtual world with fidelity. We people in the physical world cannot handle 100 million devices interacting at the same time. We map them to the virtual world with fidelity. Smart technology can do it.

To this end, State Grid Electric Vehicle Company has established China’s first energy blockchain laboratory. Our 1.0 products have been successfully researched and blockchain edge computing equipment has been installed in interactive charging On the pile. This is our equipment. On the left is an interactive charging pile. The small box on the top is the "mung bean" edge computing terminal. It is not modular yet. If it is modularized, it will be made into a module as big as a fingernail. It is only in the experimental stage now. , which is still relatively large.

We generated the world’s first energy blockchain hash value on May 31, 2018. We have made this hash value into a commemorative medal, and it is the world’s first generated energy area. Regarding the hash value of the blockchain, we have registered the "Mung Bean" trademark. This is our blockchain experimental platform and is now running. It is also the world's first practical energy blockchain platform. This is the Hash value generated every moment on the blockchain platform, producing the mapping of our blockchain. This is the mobile version of our blockchain platform. We have implemented the transfer and transaction of generated "green beans" through the mobile version. The first stage is to install the stake and install the blockchain on the pile; the second stage is to install the energy storage and battery; the third stage is to install the car and the power system of the car. If we complete these three steps, we will no longer need to scan codes when charging our cars in the future, and we will no longer need to take out our mobile phones to pay. We will achieve initial non-intrusive, intelligent, and safe charging and payment. At present, we have already entered the the second stage.

What I will report to you today includes the electrification of transportation. Our State Grid Electric Technology Innovation Center has just been established, called the Transportation Electrification Innovation Center. Our concept covers not only cars, but also boats. Planes, and aircraft. As I said just now, there are still rockets in the long term. This is for the application of energy blockchain in the field of electric vehicles. The short-term goal has reached 1.0, energy storage is 2.0, and driving is 3.0. In the next step, based on the overall intelligent development of the power grid, blockchain technology will be used as future mobile energy.The core supporting technology of the Internet.

Due to time constraints, I will simply report here. Please forgive me for any inappropriateness. Thank you!

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Note: This article is compiled based on speeches. Please do not reprint without expert review.

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Ⅳ What are the most likely applications of blockchain technology in the energy field?

Chongqing Jinwowo analyzed the application cases of blockchain technology in the energy field as follows:

1. Electric vehicle solutions, such as distributed charging piles and shared cars.

2. Establish a personal energy system and buy and sell electricity, solar energy, gas and other energy sources.

3. Support community energy models, battery management, and build a conservation-friendly power pool.

4. Connect energy buyers with operators of renewable energy systems.

IV What are the benefits of the application of blockchain technology in the industry

Jinwowo Network Technology analysis believes that blockchain has become the hottest word, no one. Blockchain has core advantages such as decentralization and trustlessness, and can perfectly solve problems such as information asymmetry, high transaction costs, and trust of strangers in the development of the sharing economy, making "individual economy" possible.
Based on this, blockchain technology is considered to be the core technology that has the greatest potential to trigger the fifth wave of disruptive revolution after steam engines, electricity, information and Internet technology.

VI How is the currently popular blockchain technology implemented in the field of new energy (photovoltaic) power? What is the relationship between photovoltaics and blockchain?

I haven’t seen anything specific. Solutions to real problems.
On the contrary, it’s like taking advantage of a hot spot to catch a wave of people leaving.

Ⅶ Energy Blockchain Research | Blockchain Use Cases in the Energy Industry

If implemented properly, blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize all aspects of the energy industry.

As the energy industry becomes increasingly decentralized, blockchain technology is ideally positioned as a major disruptive force. In fact, companies around the world are already developing blockchain applications to create direct connections between energy producers and consumers.

Blockchain is a virtual public ledger that records transactions in a secure and transparent manner.There is no need for third parties such as banks, public institutions or electricity providers to act as intermediaries. But how exactly can blockchain be used to improve operations in this area? Let’s explore some of the most exciting applications of this promising technology in the energy sector.

Energy Sector

◆Facilitates peer-to-peer energy trading◆

Traditional energy delivery models rely on centralized power plants millions of miles away, which are located Electricity is transported on transmission and distribution lines, commonly known as the "grid". The less discussed “microgrids” are local grids that can connect and disconnect from the traditional grid when necessary. Microgrids use local energy sources such as wind and solar power to power local loads together.

Microgrids enable consumers to both produce and consume energy, giving them the opportunity to become "product consumers." As producers, they are able to sell any surplus energy they may have on a pay-per-use basis to peers connected to the same microgrid. Blockchain technology facilitates this peer-to-peer energy trading by providing microgrid members with a secure and transparent distributed ledger. This provides a highly reliable and cost-effective way to create, verify, record and coordinate peer-to-peer energy transactions in real time.

Energy Sector

◆Let electric vehicles continue to drive◆

According to data from BloombergNEF, global electric vehicle sales exceeded 2 million units in 2018, more than at the beginning of this century There is a significant increase in the number of thousands of vehicles a year. Additionally, Bloomberg expects this number to increase to 10 million by 2025 and 56 million by 2040.

With more and more electric vehicles on the road, private charging stations are likely to become valuable assets, requiring an efficient system to coordinate energy transactions between drivers. Blockchain technology can be used to create a system that can monitor electricity prices, make pricing decisions in specific markets, and enable charging station owners to conduct secure transactions.

Energy Sector

◆Simplify regulatory procedures ◆

Energy companies need to submit large amounts of data to regulators to prove their compliance with various regulations. Collecting and cleaning all this data using current technology is not only tedious, but also creates serious problems related to incorrect data access. The more data you process, the more people you need to be involved, and the greater the chance of accidental exposure of sensitive company information.

Because blockchain ledgers are both immutable and completely transparent, introducing them into energy companies’ operations will give regulators the greatest confidence that the data they receive is unedited. The introduction of blockchain will also give energy companies unparalleled control over what information is shared with whom, all but eliminating the possibility of sensitive data falling into the wrong hands. To boot, blockchain technologyIntroduced the ability to standardize data collection and transmission formats.

Energy Sector

◆ Expanding energy access ◆

Many communities around the world are not connected to the grid. Energy in these communities often comes from local solar panel projects, many of which do not receive adequate funding.

Crowdfunding can help close this financing gap. The idea here is for individuals or other small investors to pool their resources to purchase enough photovoltaic cells to build the necessary number of solar panels for a given community without electricity. These micro-investors retain partial ownership of the solar panels and earn income, with the community paying a marginal amount each month for the electricity generated by the solar panels.

Introducing blockchain technology into this process will alleviate many of the problems that plague traditional crowdfunding. First, blockchain-based crowdfunding will enable anyone with an internet connection to donate to a campaign, which is simply not the case with traditional crowdfunding platforms. Additionally, just like peer-to-peer energy trading within microgrids, blockchain technology can reduce the overall cost of monthly transactions between solar panel owners and the community powered by the panels. Finally, because blockchain is completely secure and transparent, blockchain greatly reduces the chance of crowdfunding fraud. On the contrary, it is difficult for traditional crowdfunding platforms to eradicate this kind of fraud.

Energy Sector

◆ The bright future of blockchain◆

These use cases show that blockchain applications have the potential to revolutionize our energy consumption, transactions, Regulation and financing methods. Once key stakeholders in the energy industry get involved, blockchain may well become the key to keeping the lights on for millions of people around the world.

National Energy Information Platform contact number: 010-65367702, email: [email protected], address: People’s Daily, No. 2 Jintai West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing

VIII Block 12 Years of Blockchain: What fields have it been used in?

#「 Shining Moment」Theme Essay Competition Issue 2#

People have talked about the applicable scenarios and usage opportunities of blockchain countless times. . But in fact, it is very stupid and ridiculous to simply and crudely bundle blockchain with all businesses.

If you just use the word "blockchain" (rather than the technology behind it) to hype it, the result will be in vain. But if used properly, blockchain can indeed promote the development of certain economic sectors.

To achieve this goal, you need to take it slowly, step by step. Gartner experts believe that blockchain is currently on the verge of “escape from fantasy” stage. At this stage, its technical shortcomings were fully exposed, and most media from all walks of life were critical.

Then,Are there any good products that are truly based on blockchain? If so, in what areas?

First of all, financial services are a good choice. After all, many traditional intermediaries suffer from low transparency and high commissions. Currently, many large banks are already researching and testing decentralized solutions. So what are the options available on the market now?

Netting is a good example. It is based on Hyperledger Fabric and is capable of offsetting multiple positions or payments resulting from transactions between two or more parties. Often used to determine which party should receive remuneration in a multi-party agreement. Netting, as a general concept, has many more specific uses in financial markets (in securities trading).

In addition, there is endless discussion about blockchain bonds, mortgages and bank guarantees. Almost all big banks, including Islamic banks, are trying this approach.

Hyperledger Fabric and Corda blockchain technologies are also often used in other use cases, but the prospects require us to draw final conclusions through continued follow-up and observation.

Bank of America, Goldman Sachs, Citibank, Morgan Stanley, JPMorgan Chase, Bank of China and Commonwealth Bank of Australia have all achieved good results in 2019. In addition, in the banking industry, people often talk about cross-border financial transactions, and there is even an intention to get rid of SWIFT.

Some people believe that blockchain technology has great prospects in copyright protection and combating data fraud. For example, for the purpose of copyright protection, the startup Sputnik DLT developed the Depositor service on the Waves platform.

Likewise, Emernotar is a similar solution based on Emercoin, using the SHA-512 algorithm. According to the developers, businesses and lawyers can use the Emernotar service to sign contracts, use online services to collect user consents, and creative industry representatives to confirm copyright.

The democracynotary.org platform, powered by Emercoin technology, aims to protect important election-related information. Although the blockchain cannot yet guarantee the anonymity of voting during the election process, it can at least guarantee the authenticity of voting.

The effectiveness of this platform was recently put to the test in a Macedonian referendum on ratifying a treaty with Greece that called for changing the country’s name to “North Macedonia.” ". The platform notarized public reports from the referendum process, thereby blocking the spread of false information.

Blockchain use cases are extremely promising in the registration of real estate transactions. Last year, there were attempts to leverage smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain to conduct such buy/sell transactions in jurisdictions. While not all local legislatures understand what lawyers are doing, there have been and will be attempts.

For example, the most famous example was a deal to sell 10 acres of land through a decentralized Propy marketplace in California, conducted entirely in Bitcoin and using blockchain To register. Since then, the EU has also completed its first blockchain real estate sale.

In December 2018, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority approved the business model of the blockchain company “Blockimmo Real Estate Company”. Currently, the Blockimmo platform is in a testing phase and is available to residents of Switzerland and Liechtenstein. After that, the company plans to enter other markets throughout Europe.

Some experts are very optimistic about the application prospects of blockchain in the wholesale and logistics fields; but at the same time, some experts believe that it has no use in this field. However, as consumers, we should recognize the success that has been achieved in the industry.

In the late autumn of 2018, oil giants BP and Shell, as well as large banks and companies, launched the Vakt blockchain platform, which aims to optimize the commodity transaction process - including converting paper documents into smart contracts .

At the same time, the UAE is also using blockchain technology in the field-Maqta Gateway LLC launched the first blockchain logistics solution in Abu Dhabi. The Silsal blockchain technology developed by the company can improve logistics and freight efficiency. Maqta Gateway hopes to use DLT technology to reduce paperwork, facilitate real-time status updates and speed up information sharing.

Last fall also launched the IBM Food Trust Blockchain Platform - based on Hyperledger Fabric technology and designed to regulate the food industry supply chain. Well-known companies such as Carrefour, Nestle, Dole Food, Tyson Foods, Kroger, Unilever, and Walmart are among the Platform members. Monthly fees for IBM blockchain services range from $100 to $10,000, which explains why these industry giants are willing to invest in this area.

The decentralized Shelf.Network auction protocol was launched in the fall of 2017. Car dealers can conduct car sales and leasing transactions through the platform.

A year later, the auction network received investment from Japanese IT giant Broadleaf. At the same time, Broadleaf has also obtained a license to supply Shelf.Network technology to establish a trading network for automobile and parts sales in Southeast Asian countries (including Japan, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Laos, Australia, India and Singapore).

By the end of 2018, 60,000 vehicles from the United States had joined the service network. Shelf.Network also implements interaction with the Carfax web service, through which vehicle history reports can be provided to individuals and businesses. For example, startup Auto1 Group GmbH recorded the purchase of a car in Germany through blockchain for loan and insurance products, significantly speeding up the transaction (which would have taken two weeks to complete with traditional paperwork).

A survey of large companies conducted by the IBM Institute for Business Value shows that by 2021, blockchain will play a key role in the automotive industry, and at the same time, blockchain will also be used in the aviation field. . For example, S7 Airlines and Alfa Bank (Russia) have enabled real-time payments for aircraft fuel costs by applying smart contracts on the Hyperledger blockchain platform.

All walks of life in the industry believe that DLT technology can simplify and speed up mutual settlement processes, eliminate various financial risks, and automate processes. As in the field of wholesale logistics, this technology also has important application significance in the field of transportation.

Blockchain technology is also gradually penetrating into the public sector and is widely used in document authentication processes. For example, the Proofstack service is able to archive files with the owner’s personal signature, date and time stamp, and then writes the archive hash to the blockchain. Users can also select the country that affects the type of timestamp, as well as the storage location (computer, cloud) required to generate the archive. Created archives allow people to identify when and by whom a file was archived. At the same time, the application of blockchain in the judicial system is becoming more and more popular. For example, ServeManager and Integra have applied blockchain technology to services that track subpoena delivery.

In China, government-backed blockchain solutions continue to develop rapidly. Its judicial blockchain system "Tianping Chain" has collected about 1 million pieces of online evidence data just three months after its release. All materials submitted on the platform are DLT certified, totaling 190,000 documents. The platform electronic evidence system was jointly developed by the Beijing Internet Court, the China Industrial Control System Emergency Response Team (CICS-CERT), the Research Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Network Internet Group and the TrustDo blockchain startup. The platform is based on the hyperlink of the Internet giant networkBased on the infrastructure, the evidence collection and storage process is optimized, and the authenticity of the data is ensured through the blockchain. In addition, the platform also achieves the purpose of saving time and resources by reducing Internet-related litigation costs.

As a global leader in container shipping, Maersk began using Insurwave blockchain solutions last spring. The marine insurance platform was jointly developed by consulting firms EY and Guardtime and is based on Microsoft Azure cloud technology. In the first year of cooperation with Insurwave, Maersk plans to insure 1,000 ocean-going vessels, and the total number of digital transactions will exceed 500,000.

Currently, platform users include Willis Towers Watson, XL Catlin and MS Amlin. Developers are trying to expand Insurwave's capabilities to expand insurance into the aviation and energy sectors.

Calastone, a British financial technology company specializing in investment flow management, announced that it will transfer all calculations to the blockchain. The company expects the technology to help cut billions of dollars in costs across its global settlement division. Calastone provides risk assessment management services, IT infrastructure and payment solutions to more than 1,700 companies, with clients including JP Morgan Asset Management, Schroders and Invesco.

If the enterprise's goal is to achieve transparency of transactions and information entered into the DLT registry, this will create an excellent application scenario for blockchain; however, if the enterprise is pursuing anonymity or "tracking "In financial transactions, there is no opportunity for blockchain to exert its influence.

Singapore Power Group has launched a blockchain trading market for renewable energy (REC) certificates. Its company representatives said the "in-house developed" platform was designed to improve the security, reliability and traceability of such certificate transactions.

REC certificates are certificates that certify the amount of energy released by solar panels and are sold by Cleantech Solar Asia and LYS Energy Solutions. City Developments Limited and DBS Bank, who are interested in purchasing certificates, are both very interested in the platform. Katoen Natie Singapore has also joined the platform and plans to launch renewable electricity production capacity soon.

KT Corporation, South Korea’s largest telecommunications company, has also launched its own blockchain network, with distributed registration technology involving user authentication and improving international roamingServe. This enables KT to securely transfer customer data to its partners. Network bandwidth can handle 100,000 transactions per second.

Time will tell whether these initiatives gain mass market acceptance. Likewise, the applications of blockchain in power, data, and user-identified accounts/records/transactions are old news.

At the end of 2017, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) used the Blockcerts wallet, which can issue a "verifiable, tamper-proof" authentication certificate, to more than a hundred people through the Bitcoin blockchain. Graduates were issued digital diplomas.

The pilot project is supported by software company Learning Machine, which was involved in the development of Blockcerts together with Media Lab.

The purpose of this is to allow students to become the true owners of their own files. Learning Machine CEO Chris Jagers said that even if the agency ceases to exist, people will be able to extract important official information stored in it.

The same approach is used by Tbilisi University of Business and Technology: the university uses a similar blockchain platform, Trusted Diploma, through a partnership with Emercoin. The platform is able to restore registration data (subjects studied, quality of training and scores obtained) with the help of blockchain. From this point of view, in the future, blockchain may be useful in further promoting digital learning methods.

Ⅸ Energy Blockchain Research｜The cryptocurrency mining industry is overloaded, causing global controversy

The cryptocurrency mining industry is overloaded

It is causing global controversy (Part 1) )

Blockchain enables data recording and storage in a secure and detailed manner, which has led many enthusiasts of the technology to say that the application of blockchain is crucial to the future development of the power grid. , among which distributed energy sources dominate, and consumers with different consumption abilities use blockchain and related equipment to generate, store, purchase and sell electricity.

At the same time, there have been some problems with cryptocurrencies derived from blockchain and operating on the current grid.

The reason is that cryptocurrency mining puts a load on the grid, which has sparked controversy around the world over power distribution.

Basically, cryptocurrency miners perform the following tasks: verify cryptocurrency transactions and record these accounts in a distributed ledger, which then keeps track of all transactions involving cryptocurrency. They do not perform these tasks out of selfishnessPrivate, but because the first miner to verify a transaction can be rewarded with a new cryptocurrency for recording it in the ledger and solving the mathematical problems associated with it.

Cryptocurrency mining requires significant computing power, in addition to large amounts of electricity, as the process is complex and involves competition among miners. This has led miners to set up shop in areas where electricity is cheap, which is not always popular.

Abkhazia has made huge efforts to attract outside investment to optimize the domestic power grid, but its controversial geographical location has played a negative role in this. However, at the same time, the region is rich in water and electricity resources, housing prices are not high, regulations are loose, and the government is in turmoil all year round. Therefore, the price of electricity in the region is low, which in turn attracts many cryptocurrency miners.

The combination of heavy loads on server farms run by cryptocurrency miners and Abkhazia's inadequate power infrastructure exacerbated the problem, prompting local grid operators to black out power for several days earlier this month. and called on the state to halt miners' operations until conditions on the grid improve.

Cryptocurrency miners have also caused some relatively minor controversy in the United States.

For example, low utility prices in upstate New York caused local cryptocurrency miners to use too much electricity, so the local utilities that served them had to purchase more, more expensive power. , and increase electricity prices for all customers. If miners could add some economic benefit to the communities where they build their factories, there might be less trouble. But the fact is that they don't do that, they neither employ many people nor invest a lot of money in the buildings they occupy. This led the New York City Power Authority, which represents the state’s 36 municipalities, to ask members of the New York State Public Service Commission (PSC) to develop new tariffs for high-density load customers such as cryptocurrency miners. In March 2018, Paul Ciampoli, American Public Power Association An article by Sir revealed that the PSC has tacitly approved of this approach.

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