区块链试题及答案,2020年区块链题库

2020年，区块链技术正在迅速发展，给行业带来了巨大的潜力。为了让大家能够更好地了解区块链技术，以及如何在实际应用中发挥作用，这里分享一些2020年最新的区块链题库及答案。

首先，什么是区块链？区块链是一种分布式记账技术，它可以记录所有交易的完整历史，并使用加密算法来确保数据的安全性和完整性。因此，它可以用于存储和跟踪金融交易，以及其他形式的数据。

其次，区块链如何工作？区块链是一个分布式数据库，它由一系列的区块组成，每个区块都包含一定数量的交易数据。每个区块都有一个唯一的ID，并且它们都是连接在一起的，以形成一个安全的账本。

第三，区块链有哪些应用？区块链技术可以用于许多行业，包括金融服务、供应链管理、医疗保健、政府管理和分布式能源系统等。它可以帮助企业提高效率，减少成本，同时确保数据的安全性和完整性。

最后，区块链未来发展前景如何？区块链技术正在迅速发展，越来越多的企业和政府机构正在采用它来改善业务流程和数据管理。未来，区块链技术将继续改善业务流程，提高数据安全性，并且可能会成为一种新的金融服务模式。

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Ⅰ 10. What problems exist in inter-agency cooperative data sharing and how to solve them based on blockchain technology

Remaining problems: standard differences, solutions: data model architecture design.
1. Existing problems: fragmentation of data providing departments and differences in bank data standards, data security and risks.
2. Solution: data model architecture design; business smart contract design; permission management and identity authentication design; access control mechanism design.

II Problems with Blockchain

Blockchain has certain uses, but it is by no means omnipotent.

There are two main problems with blockchain.

1 The blockchain cannot verify the authenticity of information outside the system. If the information uploaded to the blockchain itself is false, the anti-counterfeiting and anti-tampering of the blockchain will be worthless. To ensure that the uploaded information is authentic, there still needs to be an authoritative agency to check it. Since we all trust the information uploaded by this authoritative organization, why should we be afraid of it tampering with the information? What difference does it make if we use blockchain or not?

2 In the blockchain world, code is the law, and the system can run automatically. However, once it interacts with the real world, the real world may not necessarily agree with the law of the code. For example, if a contract is signed on the blockchain, it will be automatically executed when it expires, and assets will be transferred. However, if there is a bad guy in reality who does not execute the actual asset transfer in accordance with the contract on the blockchain, the contract will be a piece of paper. It is also necessary for the actual courts and other institutions to take action.

The first practical application of blockchain, Bitcoin, has such great influence because it can avoid the above two problems.

Bitcoin is completely self-contained. All information is generated within the Bitcoin system and is closed and verifiable. Bitcoin is not linked to any real assets, so it can be easily passed through The program runs automatically.

Because Bitcoin is completely virtual and operates entirely on procedures and rules, it has no borders, is not subject to regulatory control, does not require exchange, circulates freely, cannot be frozen or confiscated, is available to everyone, and will not be over-issued or devalued. , which is its advantage over legal currency.

However, because Bitcoin completely relies on fixed rules and procedures to operate automatically, the supply of Bitcoin is inelastic. If the private key is stolen, the property will be lost and cannot be recovered. This is why it Shortcomings.

Similarly, when using blockchain technology in reality, if we really pursue that code is the law and the private key proves everything, if the private key is stolen, the assets will inevitably be lost and cannot be recovered. For example, if shares are mapped to the blockchain, is it possible that if a major shareholder loses his private key, all his shares will become unusable? This is also an unavoidable problem with blockchain.

In summary, the real killer application of blockchain is actuallyis a cryptocurrency. Developing a currency-less blockchain is not that disruptive, and we must be wary of some scammers using the banner of blockchain to defraud money and subsidies.

#digital currency# #BTC[超话]#

Ⅲ What is blockchain? You can understand it by understanding these 9 questions

What is blockchain? You can understand by understanding these 9 questions
What is blockchain? What can blockchain do? How to make money with blockchain? I believe that many netizens are confused when faced with this new term. So how can we better understand blockchain and make this new technology available to us? The author has collected nine very common questions from the Internet. I hope that after reading this article, you will have a clearer understanding of blockchain.

Nearly omnipotent blockchain technology
Simply put, blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. Its core is distributed data, and the result is "decentralization." Blockchain technology can be applied to many scenarios in our lives. Next, let’s take a look at the analysis of blockchain technology!
1. Technology is a double-edged sword. While you are still using your mobile phone to play games, others are already using their mobile phones to make money every month! I want to try Jiaerwu Wuyi Wuba Lingyi Lacquer to make your mobile phone no longer a toy!
Just like nuclear energy is a physical technology, blockchain is an underlying technology at a technical level.
Nuclear energy can be used for atomic bombs and nuclear power generation. Similarly, blockchain can be used for the management of industries and life elements, which may make society more stable, or it may be used by bad guys as the fastest way to commit crimes. .
2. Talking about technical value apart from the application level is muddying the waters
As the underlying technology, blockchain has its application level and negotiation methods. Currently, some people talk about blockchain in terms of business models, some in terms of hardware, and some people talk about blockchain in terms of power distribution. It is gradually becoming clear in the market that blockchain is used in the design of technology combinations and business models, from hardware to software to business model to financial design and many other aspects. But not every blockchain can issue coins, and not every blockchain should issue coins.
3. Technology is decentralized, but the application is not necessarily
Blockchain technology is decentralized, but it can be decentralized or not in upper-layer applications. If it is applied to things, industries and projects that cannot be decentralized, it is not decentralized; if it is used to things where everyone can participate universally and have equal authority, then it can be decentralized.
Including coins on the blockchain, if a country adopts legal digital currency, the coins on the blockchain can also be centralized. The blockchain that supports the operation of Bitcoin is decentralized, but the alliance chain usually has one or more enterprises as the core control alliance, which becomes centralization.
Technology itself and technologyWhat kind of business and what kind of political ecology can be supported are completely different things.
4. What kind of people use what kind of tools
As a powerful tool, blockchain is powerful not only because of technology, but also because many talented people have invested in it. field, causing the energy of this technology to be amplified. As for whether the power of blockchain benefits society or cuts leeks? It is possible to make the world more turbulent or to make society more harmonious and beautiful.
On the positive side, more kind-hearted people will come in and reach more consensus, and there will be more legislation, restrictions and norms at the national level, which will ultimately allow us to use this technology to give more people opportunities; on the negative side, In other words, it is possible that more greedy and unethical people will come in to divide the wealth, and it is even possible that people in some countries and regions will use this new technology to commit crimes and terrorism.
5. Blockchain promotes the globalization of civilians
Under the blockchain, the global connection space is closer. The 6-degree space will become 5 degrees or even 4 degrees in the future. Blockchain can inspire The growth of various communities. The globalization of interest groups will become inevitable, and there will be various international communities and summits in the future.
6. Blockchain facilitates co-creation
For example, in the past, the connection between international singers and ordinary people had to go through several barriers, including record companies, agents, sales channels, etc. In the blockchain era, international singers publish their songs under blockchain technology. Everyone has the possibility to become a partner of an international singer, write songs for the international singer, or purchase Tokens to obtain dividend rights from distribution proceeds, etc., and enjoy records. Proceeds from distribution and downloads.
7. Trust will become convenient and low-cost
The combined effect of artificial intelligence, big data and blockchain can resolve disputes at the factual level. The tamper-proof nature of the blockchain allows hundreds or even tens of thousands of machines to maintain the same data and encrypt it. Basic facts will be trustworthy. On this basis, the corresponding contracted and authorized information cannot be changed. Replace manual systems with machines, breaking the loopholes in manual operations, the possibility of cheating and even corruption, so that everyone's information can be confirmed to be authentic and trustworthy.
On this basis, if the trust level of the business system is good, trust between people will be enhanced in the process of implementing the designed system.
8． Interaction leads to creativity, and creativity generates income
Blockchain is a comprehensive ledger. Some exchanges are just ideas and creativity at the moment, but they may be the starting point of a certain career or even industry in the future. In the previous accounting system, there may not be value. However, under blockchain technology, values ​​that are not yet seen can be recorded. If this leads to products, creative people can benefit. Various human activities may be valuable, creative, and worthy of recording.
Extended from this, a better application of blockchain can record creative related models, introduction of business opportunities, etc., and put valuable things in an ecosystem. Blockchain can createEstablish new ways of cooperation.
9. There will be more legal supporting facilities in the future
The world of blockchain is not a disorderly world. Technology will be used by people, and people are rational.
Records can resolve various factual disputes, and can also cause more issues such as authorization rights, patent and creative copyright management, and many other issues. In the future, there will be more legal supporting systems to not only standardize and manage service consumption and life, but also to avoid related risks and problems, and to avoid and combat crime

IV Summary of blockchain information on April 23 ( 2)

[5:51][RPC provider ANKR handles 6 billion blockchain data requests every day] Golden Finance reported that Ankr has added three more areas to its rapidly growing list of Web3 products and services. Blockchain network, making it the leader in RPC node infrastructure handling 6 billion requests per day. Ankr, the fastest growing decentralized provider in Web3, has added three remote procedure calls (RPCs), allowing developers to access Harmony, Moonbeam, and Gnosis. There are 15 RPC clients so far, making Ankr the leader in RPC node infrastructure. Ankr now serves 6 billion requests for blockchain data every day.
Harmony, Moonbeam and Gnosis will now join Solana, Fantom, Ethereum, NEAR, Celo, Avalanche, Arbitrum, Polygon, BSC, IoTeX and Nervos, all integrated into the Ankr suite. (martechseries)

[6:04] [Morgan Stanley is studying the use of Bitcoin to price houses] Golden Finance reported that Bitcoin Magazine tweeted that banking giant Morgan Stanley is studying the use of Bitcoin to price houses. Price your home.

[6:20] [Shiba Inu developers issue scam warning] Golden Finance reported that Kaal Dhairya, one of the main developers of Shiba Inu, in a recent blog post responded to scams trying to defraud Shiba Inu. issue a warning. Dhairya discovered a contract designed to emit malicious events, obfuscating information about the actual sender and recipient. In this way, cryptocurrencies can be associated with well-known wallets. Developers say this technique can be used both for clever marketing and to deceive potential victims. Fraudsters often abuse the ERC20 approval feature to steal funds from other users with fake tokens. Dhairya urges Shiba Inu users to follow official announcements to avoid falling victim to suspected scams. (u.today)

[6:43] [Nike launches the first NFT sneakers based on Ethereum] Golden Finance reports that sneakers and clothing giant Nike has released its first digital virtual world sneakers, RTFKT x based on Ethereum NFT Nike Dunk Genesis CryptoKicks, complete with style-changing Skin Vial NFT. Sneaker NFTs have begun to be resold on the secondary market, with prices starting at around 5 ETH (over $14,800) on the OpenSea platform at press time.
In December 2019, Nike received a patent for CryptoKicks, a blockchain-powered system in which digital assets can be paired with physical products. The sneaker giant acquired NFT company RTFKT in December Studios.

[6:48] [SkyBridge Capital launches Bitcoin mining fund and has raised more than 7 million US dollars] Golden Finance reported that according to a document submitted to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), SkyBridge Capital, an investment company founded by financier and former Trump aide Anthony Scaramucci, launched the Bitcoin mining fund "SkyBridge BTC Mining" with a first sale date of April 19, 2022 and has raised US$7,037,749 so far. According to the fund’s website, the hedge fund has invested in several listed mining companies through its First Trust SkyBridge Crypto Instry and Digital Economy ETF, SkyBridge Digital Innovation, and its investment portfolio includes Core Scientific (CORZ), Bitfarms (BITF), Marathon Digital (MARA), Iris Energy (IREN), Riot Blockchain (RIOT), Hut 8 Mining (HUT), Cipher Mining (CIFR), CleanSpark (CLSK) and TeraWulf (WULF).

[6:51] [Crypto derivatives exchange Injective Pro launches the first perpetual contract based on BAYC NFT floor price] Golden Finance reported that crypto derivatives exchange Injective Pro announced that it has launched a perpetual contract based on Bored Ape Yacht Club (BAYC) NFT floor price perpetual contract to enable ordinary investorsEasier access to NFT exposure. The Bored Ape Yacht Club (BAYC) series was launched in 2021 with 10,000 unique NFTs. As of April 2022, the floor price has exceeded 120 ETH (approximately $370,000), which has resulted in some interested retail users potentially being unable to purchase. The new perpetual contract aims to lower the barrier to entry for such projects by enabling retail users to trade against the floor price of a collection of NFTs, and without the need to actually take custody of the NFT itself, users will be able to execute specific NFT projects for $1. Long or short position.

[6:52] [Injective Pro launches the first perpetual contract based on BAYC NFT floor price] Golden Finance reported that crypto derivatives exchange Injective Pro announced that it has launched a perpetual contract based on Bored Ape Yacht Club (BAYC ) NFT floor price perpetual contract to make NFT exposure more accessible to ordinary investors. The Bored Ape Yacht Club (BAYC) series was launched in 2021 with 10,000 unique NFTs. As of April 2022, the floor price has exceeded 120 ETH (approximately $370,000), which has resulted in some interested retail users potentially being unable to purchase. The new perpetual contract aims to lower the barrier to entry for such projects by enabling retail users to trade against the floor price of a collection of NFTs, and without the need to actually take custody of the NFT itself, users will be able to execute specific NFT projects for $1. Long or short position.

[6:59] [Privacy blockchain Findora launches Ethereum-based test network "Yellow Submarine"] News on April 23, Findora, a public blockchain focused on decentralized financial privacy Announced the launch of the Ethereum-based testnet "Yellow Submarine" in cooperation with Project Columbus DAO. Yellow Submarine is named after the Beatles' classic song and aims to provide a one-stop privacy protocol that allows users to manage and secure transactions across multiple blockchains. Ethereum-based token. Yellow Submarine combines Findora's native chain with an Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) extension called the Findora Smart Chain, using a zero-knowledge proof mechanism that allows certain details to be kept secret during the transaction while still proving that the transaction has occurred and is legal. The Findora roadmap shows upcoming features include a decentralized privacy-preserving vault, a private marketplace, NFTs and private DAO fundraising, with Yellow Submarine’s mainnet launching later this year.

【7:17] [Golden Morning News | Overview of important overnight developments on April 23] 21:00-7:00 Keywords: SkyBridge, US Treasury, Yellen, Infura, Polygon
1. SkyBridge Capital launches Bitcoin Coin mining fund has raised more than $7 million;
2. The U.S. Treasury Department sanctioned three more Ethereum addresses related to the $600 million Ronin attack;
3. Stripe announced that it will use the Polygon network to Twitter trials crypto payments;
4. U.S. Treasury Secretary Yellen and British Chancellor of the Exchequer Sunak discussed digital assets and the world’s lowest tax rate;
5. Coinbase CEO: Apple’s encryption rules highlight “potential Antitrust issues”;
6. Lending platform Celsius: CEL token faces “regulatory risks”;
7. Uniswap Labs has blocked certain crypto wallet addresses from its frontend;
8. Infura : Multiple API endpoints such as ETH1 and Palm are down, and the team is repairing them;
9. Polygon launches the "Supernet" chain and will invest US$100 million to fund the network application''

[ 7:45] [The total transaction volume of the CryptoPunks series of NFTs exceeded US$1.6 billion] Golden Finance News, according to NFTGo.io data, the total transaction volume of the CryptoPunks series of NFTs reached US$1.67 billion, ranking first in the total transaction volume of all NFT projects 1; Its 24-hour trading volume was US$3.1904 million. As of press time, the current floor price of this series of NFTs is 59 ETH, an increase of 1.76%.

[7:59] [Data: In the past week, 1.7 million NFT assets were added to the Ethereum network] Golden Finance reported that NFTScan data showed that in the past week, 1.7356 million NFT assets were added to the Ethereum network assets, with an average of 247,900 NFT assets newly minted every day.

[8:13] [Infura: The API endpoint downtime problem has been solved and all services have returned to normal] News on April 23, 16:27 UTC time on April 22 (Beijing time on April 23 At 0:27 on the same day), the status update on the official website of Infura, an Ethereum infrastructure provider, shows that the outage problem of API endpoints such as ETH1, Palm, and Optimism has been resolved, and all service functions have returned to normal operation.
According to reports last night, Infura service failure caused ETH1, Palm, Optimism, Polygon, Filecoin and Arbit toThe rum API endpoint was down, and the Ethereum gas fee fell to 18 gwei for a short time.

[8:13] [Infura: The API endpoint downtime problem has been solved and all services have returned to normal] News on April 23, 16:27 UTC time on April 22 (Beijing time on April 23 At 0:27 on the same day), the status update on the official website of Infura, an Ethereum infrastructure provider, shows that the outage problem of API endpoints such as ETH1, Palm, and Optimism has been resolved, and all service functions have returned to normal operation.
As previously reported, Infura service failure caused the ETH1, Palm, Optimism, Polygon, Filecoin and Arbitrum API endpoints to go down, and the Ethereum gas fee fell to 18 gwei for a short time.

[8:22] [Move to Earn applied STEPN to create 4,439 new shoes in the past 24 hours] According to news on April 23, according to data on the Dune chain, Move to Earn applied STEPN to create new shoes in the past 24 hours. 4439 shoes were cast. According to previous news, on April 19, STEPN launched the v0.6.3 version update, and the new version supports BNBChain.

[8:48] [Chain game project Mobox announced the destruction of approximately 56,346,300 MBOX] Golden Financial News, BSC chain game project Mobox tweeted that 56,346,357.86 MBOX have been destroyed, worth approximately 145 million BUSD .

[8:50] [Chain game project Mobox announced the destruction of approximately 56,346,300 MBOX] Golden Financial News, on April 23, BSC chain game project Mobox tweeted that 56,346,357.86 MBOX had been destroyed. Valued at approximately 145 million BUSD.

[9:30] [OpenSea’s trading volume in the past 30 days was US$3.42 billion] Golden Financial News, according to Dune Analytics data, yesterday’s OpenSea trading volume was US$170.5 million, and its trading volume in the past 30 days was US$170.5 million. 3.42 billion US dollars, with 451,767 active users in the past 30 days.

[9:32] [OpenSea’s trading volume in the past 30 days was US$3.42 billion] Golden Financial News, according to Dune Analytics data, yesterday’s OpenSea trading volume was US$170.5 million, and the cumulative trading volume in the past 30 days It was US$3.42 billion, with 451,767 active users in the past 30 days.

IV [Blockchain Mind Map] 002: Bitcoin

Here, Sir Jay gives you the 002nd blockBlockchain mind map: 002 Bitcoin~

The following is a brief introduction to Bitcoin:

Bitcoin (English: Bitcoin) is a decentralized, A non-universally globally payable electronic cryptocurrency. Bitcoin was invented by Satoshi Nakamoto (pseudonym) on January 3, 2009, based on a borderless peer-to-peer network and using consensus-active open source software. As of February 12, 2018, Bitcoin is currently the cryptocurrency with the highest market capitalization. 【1】

Why was a cryptocurrency like Bitcoin created? In other words, why is Bitcoin so popular among the public, from a trendy gadget in the geek circle to a daily investment for ordinary people? ?

Some people believe that the advent of Bitcoin is the result of people’s hatred of the over-issuance of national sovereign currencies in the commodity economy and monetary policy intervention, and their yearning for community consensus currency autonomy in the gift economy. I believe everyone will have deep feelings about the issue of "inflation", right?

Check the information: Inflation is generally defined as: under the credit currency system, the amount of currency in circulation exceeds the actual needs of the economy, causing currency depreciation and a comprehensive and sustained rise in price levels-- In more common language: over a given period of time, the price level in a given economy generally continues to increase, resulting in a sustained decline in the purchasing power of money. 【2】

In China, we can use a vivid example to illustrate: around 1980, at the beginning of reform and opening up, “thousand-yuan households” were all very wealthy; Today, more than 30 years later, it is estimated that one has to reach the level of billions of assets to be considered a "rich man", right? ? Behind this tens of millions of times difference is the huge problem of currency depreciation caused by the over-issuance of currency.

Satoshi Nakamoto hates this kind of "inflation" problem. Therefore, he proposed his own methodology to solve the problem: Based on his belief in technology and liberal monetarism, he proposed a blockchain technology system; and relying on blockchain technology, he created Bitcoin.

Interestingly, Satoshi Nakamoto created the first block of the Bitcoin system, the "Genesis Block", with the sentence "The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second lout for banks” (on January 3, 2009, the chancellor was on the verge of implementing a second round of emergency bank bailout), and this sentence was the headline of the front page article in The Times that day.

At this point, people’s bold attempt to issue their own currency system began, and once the experimental wheels were started, it was difficult to stop them. Later, Bitcoin went through continuous iterative development and produced many hard fork currencies.

Data shows:

Of course, the development of Bitcoin is not smooth sailing. Hackers will attack Bitcoin trading websites; and many criminal organizations will also use Bitcoin to Bitcoin is used for illegal transactions; many people even still think that Bitcoin is a "Ponzi scheme."

In addition, celebrities have different opinions on Bitcoin. The data shows:

Paul Kluman, the Nobel Prize winner in economics, believes that "Bitcoin It’s evil” and expressed several views on Bitcoin.

David Woo, global head of interest rate and foreign exchange research at Bank of America Merrill Lynch, believes that "Bitcoin can become a major payment method for e-commerce and become a strong competitor for traditional currency transactions." . . 【3】

What exactly is Bitcoin? Everyone will have their own different opinions. However, Sir Jay thinks: Before we easily make judgments about new things that are unclear to us, we should take the initiative to learn and understand them. To learn Bitcoin, it is a good methodology to first understand the Bitcoin white paper.

Sir Jay has also written about the interpretation of Bitcoin’s official white paper in his previous article. You are welcome to check it out:

Title: [Talking about Digital Currency] Interpretation of Bitcoin’s White Paper

Link: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1MTA2NDM1NA==&mid=2247483713&idx=1&sn=&chksm=5c761a#rd

Overall Speaking of which, a new era has arrived, and new things such as blockchain and Bitcoin will surely show their huge power in the future! We are all the lucky ones and witnesses of the times, so hurry up and learn and understand the world of blockchain! ! !

Note:

[1] Excerpted from Wikipedia: Bitcoin

[2] Excerpted from the Internet: Inflation

[3] Excerpted from Wikipedia: Bitcoin

VI 1. Short answer question What are the conditions required for mining in blockchain technology

Mining in blockchain technology What conditions are required for work? 1) An AntMining machine S9. 2) One power supply, official power supply is recommended (Ant official power supply). 3) Power cord. 4) A computer: used to register a mining pool account, log in to the mining machine backend, and configure the mining address and miner name. 5) Router. 6) Network cable, etc. 7) Register a mining pool account. 8) Wallet/exchange address: Register a wallet or exchange account, obtain the address of the currency to be mined, and fill it in to the mining pool. If you do not fill in the address, the proceeds will be temporarily stored in the mining pool

Ⅶ How to define blockchain and what are the application scenarios of blockchain

Many people now think that blockchain is a universal The technology is omnipotent, which somewhat makes blockchain technology a myth!
Regarding the definition of blockchain technology, American scholar Melanie Swann defined blockchain technology as an open, transparent and decentralized technology in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction" database.

Definition of Blockchain: Narrow VS Broad

As for the application scenarios of blockchain technology, it is natural to combine the differences between blockchain and other technologies. In terms of system characteristics.

Blockchain technology features include:

Blockchain is a global A database storage system that can be operated collaboratively in various places is different from traditional database operations where read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (a characteristic of centralization). Blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate. Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once joined, the node enjoys exactly the same rights as all other nodes and obligations (decentralized, distributed characteristics).

At the same time, people who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system. In the end, all nodes around the world will complete the process again and again according to a certain mechanism. Synchronize in sequence to achieve complete consistency of data in all nodes in the blockchain network.

At the beginning of this year, the term blockchain began to enter everyone’s lives. From national leaders to aunts who dance square dances, everyone knows this term. This term is widely known by Bit Brought by coins.

As we all know, the first few dozen bitcoins could only be exchanged for one pizza. At its peak, it was more than 20,000 US dollars each, which has skyrocketed by more than a thousand times, which has also benefited a large number of wealthy people. Currently, there are blockchain The virtual currency generated by technology is gradually entering into everyone's life, and many people have joined the ranks of currency speculation. I often hear people say that if you buy the right currency a hundred times, a bicycle will become a sports car, and one coin will turn a young model. You can imagine how many of them are involved. Attractive.

Since 2008, various games applying blockchain technology have also become popular, such as development games (onlineLoletz Dog, 360 Block Cat), mining (NetEase Planet, Virtual Earth, Gongxinbao), these are attracting everyone to join in the name of blockchain, and of course there are some that are really reliable, which requires Everyone identified them carefully.

Blockchain is a distributed ledger (database) that connects data blocks in an orderly manner and cryptographically ensures that it cannot be tampered with or forged. technology. In layman's terms, blockchain technology can achieve openness, transparency, non-tampering, non-forgery, and traceability of all data information in the system without the need for third-party endorsement. As an underlying protocol or technical solution, blockchain can effectively solve the problem of trust and realize the free transfer of value. It has broad prospects in the fields of digital currency, financial asset transaction settlement, digital government affairs, and certificate deposit and anti-counterfeiting data services.

Digital currency

After experiencing physical objects, precious metals, banknotes and other forms, digital currency has become the development direction of the digital economy era. Compared with physical currency, digital currency has the characteristics of easy portability and storage, low circulation cost, convenient use, easy anti-counterfeiting and management, breaking geographical restrictions, and better integration.

Bitcoin technically implements an electronic cash system in which both parties to the transaction can directly transfer funds to each other without the need for third-party transfer or arbitration. In June 2019, the Internet giant Facebook also released a white paper on its cryptocurrency Libra. Whether it is Bitcoin or Libra, the underlying technology they rely on is blockchain technology.

my country began the development of central bank digital currency as early as 2014. my country's digital currency DC/EP adopts a two-tier operating system: the central bank does not directly issue digital currency to the public. Instead, the central bank redeems the digital currency to various commercial banks or other legal operating institutions, and then these institutions exchange it for public supply. its use. In early August 2019, the central bank held a video conference on work for the second half of the year. The meeting called for accelerating the pace of research and development of the national legal digital currency.

Financial asset transaction settlement

Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes, and it is causing disruptive changes in the financial industry. In terms of payment and settlement, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, multiple market participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time. Payment, clearing, and settlement that currently take two or three days can be completed in just a few minutes. tasks, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and safe. Regulators can easily track transactions on the chain and quickly locate high-risk capital flows. In terms of securities issuance transactions, traditional stock issuance has long procedures, high costs, and complex links. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channels. Issuers handle issuance on their own through smart contracts, and regulatory authorities Unified review and verification,Investors can also bypass intermediaries and conduct direct operations. In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish a consortium chain network covering core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. The core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers to their suppliers. After the bills are digitized and uploaded to the chain, they can be uploaded to the supplier Transfer between them, each level of supplier can realize the corresponding amount of financing with the digital bill certificate.

Digital Government Affairs

Blockchain can make data run and greatly streamline the service process. The distributed technology of blockchain can allow government departments to be centralized on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts. As long as the service personnel pass the identity authentication and electronic signature in one department, the smart contracts can be automatically processed and transferred, and the subsequent steps can be completed in sequence. All approvals and signatures. Blockchain invoice is the earliest application of domestic blockchain technology. The tax department launched the "Tax Chain" platform for blockchain electronic invoices. The tax department, the issuer, and the payee join the "Tax Chain" network through unique digital identities, truly realizing "instant invoicing for transactions" and "instant reimbursement after invoicing" - in seconds Level invoicing and minute-level reimbursement accounting greatly reduce tax collection and management costs, and effectively solve problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one ticket, and tax evasion. Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Utilize the characteristics of openness, transparency, traceability, and non-tampering of blockchain technology to achieve transparent use, precise investment, and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.

Evidence-based anti-counterfeiting

Blockchain can prove the existence of a file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamps, and it is open, non-tamperable, and traceable. It provides perfect solutions for judicial forensics, identity certification, property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, etc. In the field of intellectual property, the digital signature of blockchain technology and on-chain certificates can confirm the rights of text, pictures, audio and video, etc., and create and execute transactions through smart contracts, allowing creators to regain pricing power and preserve data formation in real time. The evidence chain covers the three major scenarios of rights confirmation, transaction and rights protection. In the field of anti-counterfeiting and traceability, blockchain technology can be widely used in various fields such as food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, and luxury goods through supply chain tracking.

Data services

Blockchain technology will greatly optimize existing big data applications and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing. In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will generate massive amounts of data. The existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges. Edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for all data applications such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. at last, Blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculation on the premise of protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data island" and realize the value of data circulation. In response to the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and application needs of general business users, many traditional cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("Blockchain as a Service") solutions. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce enterprise blockchain deployment costs and promote the implementation of blockchain application scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also play an important role in many fields such as charity, insurance, energy, logistics, and the Internet of Things.

The three words "blockchain" were completely ignited during the Spring Festival that just passed. The limelight overshadowed everything. Some people said that this was the arrival of a new era. The past It has become a classic, and some people say that it is all hype and is ultimately a bubble.

In fact, blockchain technology is not a new concept. It has been applied to many industries, such as electronic signatures, as early as the past two years. Recently, the third-party electronic signature platform eShanbao revealed the latest progress of blockchain applications to NewSeed.

Currently, blockchain technology is mainly used in e-signing products for certificate deposit and certificate issuance. The application scenarios include copyright protection and online signing. , web page forensics, phone recording, email storage of evidence, etc.

Take the rights protection of online works as an example. Since online rights protection generally adopts the method of collecting evidence after the fact, real-time confirmation of rights is not carried out in the process of evidence generation, so the entire confirmation process is difficult. The copyright process is time-consuming, difficult and costly to obtain evidence, and extremely difficult to prove and trace the source. It cannot meet the characteristics of rapid dissemination and large quantity of online works.

eShanbao's new intellectual property protection solution based on timestamp + blockchain starts from the user's real-name authentication and solidifies the information generated in the process in real time. Electronic data, and through the time source service synchronized with the National Time Service Center, online works are stamped with legally valid timestamps to prove that electronic files have not been tampered with in a certain period of time. Blockchain technology can establish point-to-point trust in the network, ensuring that all blockchain nodes can record complete copyright confirmation and transaction records, and can trace their origins, truly realizing anti-repudiation and anti-tampering, and realizing a kind of distribution. trust infrastructure.

Founder and CEO Jin Hongzhou believes that the application of decentralized blockchain technology has greatly improved the efficiency of data storage and certification, and The credibility of the identity of the parties reduces the cost of trust, but it cannot replace the original centralized public key encryption technology. The two should complement each other. Through the combination of the two, it can provide users with real-time and reliable Confirmation plan.

Next, eShuabao will also focus on building a smart contract platform based on blockchain technology. Jin Hongzhou said that data storage, export and Certification is only a relatively superficial application based on blockchain technology. It is the first step to realize the implementation of blockchain technology, and the realization of real smart contracts is the second step. "Smart contracts cannot simply be understood as electronic contracts. They refer to a process, from the conclusion of the contract to the confirmation to the final execution." Jin Hongzhou explained.

From a technical perspective, blockchain is not a brand-new technology, but a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, and smart contracts. Specifically, blockchain technology is a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database in a decentralized, high-trust manner.

Due to its advantages such as "decentralization", "distributed data storage", "traceability", "anti-tampering", and "openness and transparency", blockchain technology can effectively solve data problems. By establishing a trustworthy data management environment, we can prevent and avoid various data management problems such as data fraud, tampering, and loss, and promote the efficient sharing and application of data. In the process of practice and exploration, the application scope of blockchain technology continues to expand, especially in the field of public resource transactions, and continues to empower public resource transaction management services.

Facilitate transaction data sharing and transaction witnessing

Facilitate transaction data Share

Currently, the data of different trading centers are not interoperable, and the subject information of different trading centers needs to be entered repeatedly. It is difficult to verify the off-site performance provided by the bidders during the bid evaluation process. It is difficult to troubleshoot the same person repeatedly serving as project manager. Issues such as low cost of breach of trust. Establishing a cross-regional subject database based on blockchain can well alleviate the above problems.

The distributed ledger feature based on the blockchain can effectively ensure the real-time or quasi-real-time sharing of data, and can reduce the repeated entry of subject information; the use of blockchain information that cannot be tampered with can ensure the data circulation process on the chain. The authenticity of the bidders in the regional alliance is directly obtained from the on-chain data, making it impossible to hide the fake performance. At the same time, the sharing of bidding behavior data through the blockchain provides a data basis for the development of "joint punishment of dishonest enterprises".

Blockchain-based transaction witness

"Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Integration and Sharing of Public Resource Trading Platforms" ( The State Office Letter [2019] No. 41) pointed out the need to optimize services such as witnessing, venues, information, files, and expert extraction. However, at present, the public resource transaction process is mainly witnessed by manual on-site witnessing, and the intensity of witnessing is limited.High human resource usage and limited witnessing effect. Due to its centralized characteristics, the traditional digital witness system is prone to data tampering, and the data is easily damaged or lost during the storage and migration process, which has certain flaws in terms of security and usability.

Utilize the distributed, difficult to tamper, and traceable characteristics of the blockchain to solidify and store the data generated in each transaction link, and accurately record the data generated through time stamp technology, summary algorithm, and electronic signature technology. Time, content, data source. According to the technical characteristics of the blockchain, simple structured data can be directly saved on the blockchain. For unstructured layout files, videos, audio and other large files, the summary information and original files can be saved through the blockchain. Save via a distributed file storage service. When there are disputes or problems in a transaction, the blockchain can provide a set of credible transaction process data and clarify the responsibilities of all parties involved in the transaction. Achieve the goals of risk prevention and control in all aspects, traceability of the entire process, and improvement of all-round services.

Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

Promote financial services and corporate financing for bidding companies

Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

At present, electronic bidding deposit guarantee letters have certain applications in the field of bidding, solving the problem of bidding deposit funds for bidding companies. Occupancy issues. However, because financial institutions currently do not have reliable historical bidding behavior data of bidders, they are unable to judge the default risks of different bidders. As a result, the guarantee services charged to bidders adopt fixed rates, which makes a small number of bids with high default risks The cost of personal guarantee is allocated to most bidders with low default risk, which increases the guarantee rates for most bidders to a certain extent.

At present, it is up to the bidder to choose whether to use an electronic letter of guarantee, and the rate is the main choice basis for the bidder. If the bidder performance records are shared through the blockchain and the performance risks of different bidders are analyzed, it will be Different bidders provide different guarantee rates, which not only reduces the risks of financial institutions, but also reduces the use costs of most bidders and promotes the use of bid guarantees. To a certain extent, it can also encourage bidders to abide by their promises and maintain the order of the bidding market. .

Promote financial services for bidding companies

The bidding behavior of bidders is scattered in various trading centers, and the data is simply aggregated In a centralized information system, there is a risk of data tampering (untrustworthy), and valuable bidder transaction behavior data cannot be gathered and shared safely and reliably. Through blockchain technology, bidders from multiple trading centers are gathered, and historical bidding, winning bids, defaults, violations and other behavioral records provide data support for financial institutions to evaluate the bidders' credit in the bidding sub-sector.

Solving the financing problems of successful bidders

Traditional corporate loans mainly evaluate the company's solvency: collateral, audited statements, There are requirements for sustained profitability, etc., but most small and medium-sized enterprises cannot provide these "proofs" at all. Difficulty and expensive financing have become problems faced by many small and medium-sized enterprises in bidding activities. Using the methods of the past will no longer work. To solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, we can only rely on new technologies and new tools. With the help of the non-tamperable characteristics of blockchain, primary business data from multiple trading centers are gathered, and big data analysis technology is combined to build a portrait of a credible bidder. On the one hand, it improves the risk control level of financial institutions and taps high-quality bidding companies. On the other hand, it lowers the loan threshold for bidding companies and optimizes the service experience.

Drawing on the supply chain finance model, the bidder is a core enterprise with good credit in government departments, national enterprises and institutions, and the winning contract obtained by the winning bidder as a supplier is considered by financial institutions to be a high-quality asset. Apply for a loan from a financial institution. Under the traditional paper-based model, there is a risk of order and contract fraud and the process is cumbersome. Centralized information systems require operators to have strong authority. The distributed ledger and difficult-to-tamper characteristics of the blockchain will help solve the above problems. The contract signing between the tenderer and the bidder and the subsequent financial service links will be realized on the blockchain, which not only solves the problem of data trustworthiness but also reduces the risk of corruption. The entire system relies on a centralized authority.

Through further analysis, we found that credit sales are currently prevalent among domestic enterprises, and the upstream suppliers of the winning bidder have a large funding gap. The credit of the bidder can only be passed to the winning bidder (the winning contract cannot be split or transferred), and the upstream suppliers Business owners are unable to obtain high-quality loans from financial institutions. If the winning contract is converted into a "pass" on the chain, the "pass" can be split, and the winning bidder holding the "pass" can pay part or all of the voucher to the upstream supplier, making it discountable and financing. The "tokens" on the chain can be split and transferred from first-level suppliers to second-level (and multi-level) suppliers, thereby allowing core enterprise credit to be transferred to multi-level suppliers. The shortage of funds from suppliers due to credit sales has been solved, improving the business environment; through value transfer through the blockchain, the financing cycle has been greatly shortened; the cost of supplier loans has been reduced, which will help reduce the production costs of raw materials or intermediate products, and ultimately Increase bidders' profit margins and indirectly reduce bidders' costs.

Regarding blockchain, we can imagine a decentralized management model and technical processing method.

Let me give you an example. There are five people in your family, and they have never been able to figure out how to arrange work and handle family relationships.

So, you and your family discuss it together and simply use voting to solve the problem.

Then this way of voting to solve problems can be called the most elementary blockchain.

Decentralize and solve problems.

What application scenarios can blockchain have?

In fact, many of our families and many organizations use blockchain management forms every day

However, this kind of blockchain application for organizational relationships cannot produce Economic Value.

What are the economic applications of blockchain?

The first type is used for tax deposit certificates, bank transfers, etc.

Make full use of the traceability function of the blockchain so that all records can be retrieved and queried at any time

The second type is applied to enterprise operation and management

Enterprises using blockchain management can better solve the problems of enterprise development and allow enterprises to Able to develop faster and make more money.

Summary: The application scenarios of blockchain include taxation, bank transfers, etc., and can also be applied to business operations.

The characteristics of blockchain are distributed accounting and decentralization, but the ultimate goal is to make people get along more equally. Technology is meaningful only when it serves human values, and technology that meets human value needs will develop. Therefore, blockchain is in line with human pursuit of freedom and equality, so its trend to become mainstream is unstoppable.

Currently, there are many blockchain gimmicks, which are basically used to issue coins. The newly launched ono is a decentralized, free and global social platform. Due to decentralization, your chat communication information is peer-to-peer and cannot be viewed by others. In other words, your every word and deed will no longer be recorded and reviewed at any time like it is now on WeChat, QQ, and Facebook, freeing you from the trouble of surveillance.

In fact, blockchain technology can be used in any field. Information that previously required third-party confirmation can be completed online and confirmed at multiple nodes, making it difficult (almost impossible) to delete.

At present, blockchain is still in its infancy, and the technology is not mature enough, but it is also a better time to enter.

Blockchain is a decentralized technology. Blockchain can be applied to all products currently covered by the Internet.

The most popular application industry at present is the financial industry.

An application that has been implemented is product traceability. Alibaba and JD.com are already using blockchain technology to fully trace the origin of some of the products they sell. Consumers can trace the origin of the purchased products. There are also many blockchain applications in the digital advertising industry. Since traffic fraud in digital advertising causes losses of tens of billions of dollars every year, there are already blockchain application projects based on digital advertising, such as DCAD, which is based on blockchain. The digital advertising application of blockchain technology mainly solves the problem of traffic fraud

In the future, with the development of blockchain technologyThe application of technology is becoming increasingly mature and will be applied in many industries to create a new ecological model based on technological trust

What is blockchain

If blockchain is explained in non-professional terms, blockchain is a storage It is a place for data, but the data stored in the blockchain is safe and reliable and does not need to be managed by anyone. Therefore, in the Internet, a place where data and information explode, having such a place will be like a fairy treasure.

What can the blockchain do?

If you ask what the blockchain can do, it is better to say what applications require the use of the blockchain. As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a safe place, so wherever data needs to be protected securely on the Internet, blockchain technology needs to be used. For example:

Because the use of blockchain technology can better protect the data of policyholders, in today’s Internet, data is value and wealth, so value protection and value transmission are the future development directions of the Internet. And blockchain technology can really do just that.

If there are any deficiencies, you are welcome to comment and correct me.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.

The two parties involved in the transaction do not need to know who the other party is, nor do they need a third party for trust endorsement. They only need to trust a common algorithm to establish mutual trust and conduct direct transactions.

Its characteristics are trustlessness and decentralization. The destruction of each node's ledger has no impact on the entire blockchain. The blockchain runs point-to-point payments without a center that may cheat, and the security is greatly improved. Improved, the entire transaction network has changed from a star structure to a point-to-point P2P structure.

In the future, blockchain will be used in many fields and will have a great impact on human life. . It can be widely used in fields ranging from digital currency to securities and financial contracts, medical care, games, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, Internet of Things, e-commerce, file storage and other fields.

1. Cloud storage

This is the statistics of current cloud storage on the Internet. In terms of volume, Google has the largest volume, which is 8,000PB. So what if we share the idle data on the Internet?

Starlight Cloud builds a blockchain data computing and storage lake through Starlight Chain, with a total storage capacity of 15,000P (approximately 15.72864 billion G) in the future. This will be more than 10 times that of Alibaba Cloud's 1500PB! It is also more than four times the size of the Taizhou Storage Center, the largest storage lake in the world after expansion.

2. Medical aspects

Using blockchain technology to record personal medical recordsThe records are saved, which also retains the historical data of personal medical treatment. The historical data can be directly called when seeing a doctor in the future or planning for one's own health. These data are highly private, and the use of blockchain technology also helps protect patient privacy.