食品区块链技术,区块链和供应链是什么意思

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A. Blockchain can also play a role in food safety. IBM's "Food Production and Sales History" uses blockchain technology to make Carrefour food safer

Blockchain is not only used for cryptocurrency , IBM is collaborating with Carrefour to "track" and "trace" the source and whereabouts of food through blockchain.

REUTERS/Eric Gaillard

This article comes from the cooperative media Dongzu Dongqi. INSIDE authorizes it to be reprinted by Huai Kuan. The original title is "In cooperation with the retail giant Carrefour, the blockchain "Food Production and Sales History" developed by IBM is officially launched. Enter your and my life”

According to a press release issued by the American technology giant IBM on October 8, after “18 months of testing and experimentation”, it will finally officially launch the use of blockchain technology. "Food production and sales history" based on chain technology.

This press release also revealed that the major retail company "Carrefour" will also join this blockchain ecosystem.

Emmanuel Delerm, Carrefour's blockchain director, said that the supermarket chain has been developing its own blockchain system for more than a year, with the main work being operated by its internal engineering team, and then turning to cooperation with IBM.

Carrefour from France has more than 12,000 stores in 33 countries around the world. Now Carrefour plans to use North America as a starting point to take the lead in experiencing blockchain technology for food retail stores. All kinds of benefits come.

According to information released by IBM, Carrefour is planning to roll out this technology to mass-market stores around the world by 2022.

IBM "FoodTrust" - one integration from upstream to downstream

IBM announced the launch of the "Integrity Food" project (IBMFoodTrust) in 2016, trying to use blockchain technology to connect the food industry from upstream to downstream. All businesses.

The plan has entered the trial phase since August 2017 and is being implemented jointly with a number of North American food companies. (Nestle SA, Dole Food Co., Driscoll's Inc., Gon State Foods, Kroger Co., McCormick and Co., McLane Co., Tyson Foods Inc, Unilever NV.)

Join " on Monday Also participating in the "Integrity Food" initiative are Topco Associates, North America's largest retail grocery purchasing organization (GPO), which works with 15,000 stores; Wakefern, which works with retailers, representing 50 member companies and 344 stores; and Beefchain , DennickFruitSource and Smithfield, among other suppliers.

The "Integrity Food" program can also allow other companies to participate through a module that allows companies to upload product-related data to the system through the cloud or other applications, and is free of charge. More advanced versions include features such as certificate certification, organic certification, and fair trade credentials.

According to Coisk, Ramesh Gopinath, vice president of IBM Blockchain Solutions, explained that the main pillar of the IBM Integrity Food Program is the ability to "track" and "trace" items in the supply chain, for example, baby food brands The apples in the system can be pinpointed to specific batches and orchards; then, if contamination occurs, traces can be followed to recover all potentially affected products.

This is obviously a solution that requires food producers, suppliers and retailers to participate and send messages in a "trusted" and "permitted" way, and we connect them together. ,

Gopinath said.

According to IBM, these food companies used the food production and sales blockchain to track millions of products during the trial period of the "Integrity Food" project.

As early as 2016, another major retail company in the United States, "Walmart", had collaborated with IBM to test food production and sales record blockchain, and Walmart had successfully tracked and destroyed it several times. Problem products that have been subject to customer complaints.

In September this year, Walmart also announced that it would require suppliers selling leafy vegetables to join this food production and sales blockchain ecosystem in the future.

For IBM, the food industry is just an outpost for their use of blockchain technology. After all, IBM ranks first in the world in the number of patents it has applied for in blockchain technology, competing with Chinese e-commerce company Alibaba. Same name.

B. What is blockchain

Let’s talk about some basic concepts first.

The network said that blockchain is a new usage model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. It is essentially a decentralized database, and as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by cryptography.

We try to translate "what is blockchain" into "human language".

The definition refers to the "decentralized database" nature of blockchain3354. This is very different from the traditional "centralized database" in storage, update and operation.

A centralized database can be thought of as having this shape:

For example, if I want to use Alipay to pay a Taobao seller, all data requests from when I make money to when he receives the money will be centrally processed by Alipay. The advantage of this data structure is that as long as Alipay is responsible for the efficient and safe operation of the system, others can unconditionally believe it without worrying; the disadvantage is that if there is a problem with Alipay, such as being hacked, the server being burned, a traitor appearing, and the company running away (Of course, the possibility of the above is extremely low), the balance details and other information in our Alipay will be confused.

Then some people think that this kind of low-probability event can use any technical means to avoid individual risks, and not only hand over the data to a centralized organization. For example, everyone can store and process data.

The database structure may look like this:

This picture is a schematic structural diagram of a "distributed database". Each point is a server, they all have equal rights to record and calculate data, and information is spread point-to-point. At first glance, it seems that it can indeed resist the risk caused by the crash of a certain node, but it is also very confusing and inefficient intuitively. Who will handle my information, and who has the final say on the outcome?

At this time, the "consensus mechanism" in the definition of blockchain comes into play. The consensus mechanism mainly "stipulates" the following things: who will process a data request (what qualifications are required); who will verify the results (to see if he has handled it well); how to prevent processors and verifiers from colluding with each other, etc.

Some people may like to be questioned when a "rule" is made. In order to form a stronger consensus, in addition to making the rules more reasonable, they must also be more attractive so that people are interested and motivated to participate in data processing. This involves the incentive mechanism of the public chain. We will start again later when we discuss the classification of blockchain and the role of digital currencies.

When we hand over a transaction to a distributed network, there is also a "psychological threshold": there are so many nodes that can process information, and I don't know any of them (unlike Alipay, if it hurts me, I can go and file a lawsuit against it). They all have my data, why should I trust them?

At this time, encryption algorithm (the last descriptive word in the definition of blockchain) comes on stage.

In the blockchain network, the data requests we send will be encrypted according to cryptographic principles into a string of characters that the recipient cannot understand at all. Behind this encryption method is the support of a hash algorithm.

Hash algorithms can quickly convert any type of data into hash values. This change is one-way irreversible, deterministic, random, and anti-collision. Because of these characteristics, the person handling my data request could record the information for me, but they had no idea who I was or what I was doing.

So far, the working principle of the decentralized network has been introduced. But we seem to have overlooked one detail. The previous diagram is a net. Where are the pulleys and chains? Why do we call it blockchain?

To understand this matter, we need to clarify a few knowledge points first:

The previous picture is actually a "macro" database perspective, showing the basic rules and processes of the blockchain system for processing information. . And specifically at the "micro" data log level, we will find that the ledger is packaged, compressed, stored in blocks, and strung together in chronological order to form a "chain structure", like this:

Figure Each ring in can be regarded as a building block, and many links are linked together to form a blockchain. Blocks store data, unlike ordinary data storage: on a blockchain, the data in a later block contains the data in the previous block.

In order to academically interpret each aspect of the data in the blockAs a partial field, we try to use a book to describe what a blockchain data structure is.

Usually, when we read a book, we read the first page, then the second and third pages. The spine is a physical existence that fixes the order of each page. Even if the book is scattered, the order of each numbered page can be determined.

Inside the blockchain, each block is labeled with a page number, the second page contains the first page's content, the third page's content contains the first and second page's content. The tenth page contains the previous Nine pages of content.

It is such a nested chain that can be traced back to the original data.

This brings up an important attribute of blockchain: traceability.

When the data in the blockchain needs to be updated, that is when new blocks are generated in sequence, the "consensus algorithm" comes into play again. This algorithm stipulates that a new block can only be formed if it is recognized by more than 51% of the nodes in the entire network. To put it bluntly, it is a matter of voting, and it can be elected if more than half of the people agree. This makes the data on the blockchain difficult to tamper with. If I were to force a change, there would be too many people to bribe and the cost would be too high to be worth it.

This is what people often call the "non-tamperable" feature of blockchain.

Another reason why blockchain gives people a sense of trust is because of "smart contracts."

Smart contracts are commitment agreements defined and automatically executed by computer programs. It is a set of transaction rules executed by code, similar to the current automatic repayment function of credit cards. If you turn on this function, you don’t have to worry about anything. The bank will automatically deduct the money you owe when it is due.

When your friend borrows money from you but doesn't remember to pay it back, or makes excuses not to pay it back, smart contracts can prevent breach of contract. Once the terms in the contract are triggered, such as when it is time to pay back the money, or there is a limit in his account, the code will automatically execute, and the money he owes you will be automatically transferred back whether he wants it or not.

Let’s briefly summarize. Blockchain technology is mainly decentralized, difficult to tamper with, and traceable, which represents more security and trustlessness. But it also brings new problems: redundancy and inefficiency, which requires many nodes to agree with the rules and actively participate.

This concludes the "drying" section. Next, let’s talk about unofficial history and the official history of blockchain.

A new technology is often used to serve a certain task.

Or goals. So where was blockchain first used, and who came up with it first?

Let's go back to 2008.

On September 21, Wall Street investment banks collapsed one after another, and the Federal Reserve announced that it would convert the only two remaining investment banks (Goldman Sachs Group and Morgan Stanley) into commercial banks; it hoped to survive the financial crisis by absorbing savings. On October 3, the Bush administration signed a $700 billion financial rescue package.

Twenty-eight days later, on November 1, 2008, a new post appeared in a cryptography mailing group: "I am developing a new electronic currency system that is completely peer-to-peer and does not require a third party. Three-party trust institution." The text of the post is an article titled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" paper, signed by Satoshi Nakamoto.

The paper explains the design of this peer-to-peer electronic cash system with a more rigorous logic. It first discusses the problem that financial institutions are subject to "trust based" (based on credit), and then explains step by step how to achieve "no third-party agency" , and cleverly solved the technical problems left by the predecessors.

Two months later, Satoshi Nakamoto released the first version of the open source Bitcoin client and mined 50 Bitcoins for the first time. The block that generated the first batch of Bitcoins is called the "Genesis block". The genesis block was compiled into block 0 and was not uploaded to the chain. It took Satoshi Nakamoto 6 days to mine this block. This also sparked discussion in the bitcointalk forum. Bitcoin "believers" thought of the Bible, "God created the heavens and the earth in six days, and then rested on the seventh day."

Although concepts such as decentralized, token, and economy did not appear in the paper, Satoshi Nakamoto explained in detail the role of blocks and chains in the network. working principle. So, there is Block Chain.

This paper later became the "Bible" of the "Bit Cult", technology became the cornerstone of faith, and developer documentation became the "Code of Hammurabi".

After that, Bitcoin realized the first real-life payment by exchanging pizza, WikiLeaks, whose account was blocked by the US government, miraculously survived by relying on Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto's "decentralization" and retirement, and the appearance of the real and the fake A series of legends such as and refutation of rumors, combined with the expectations, imagination and speculation of later generations, became "Bible stories".

There are also people who are not satisfied with the world described in the "Old Testament" and start new sects, write the doctrines into white papers, and tell the story of their faith in the ten years after Bitcoin. Just like the writing of the 66 books of the Bible spanned 1,500 years, and after 2,000 years of interpretation, Christianity has divided into 33,000 branches.

CoinMarketCap shows that there are more than 4,900 types of digital currencies, and the overall digital currency market size is nearly 140 million yuan. Bitcoin still leads the entire digital currency market with a market share of 66%, and the recent price has been hovering around US$7,200 per coin.

So many currencies have different functions and are divided into different categories: digital currencies represented by Bitcoin are positioned as "digital gold" and have certain value storage and hedging characteristics; Ethereum The digital currency represented by Bitcoin has become the "operational fuel" in its network system; the stable currency represented by USDT and Libra has good payment properties due to its low volatility; the digital currency issued by the central bank represented by DCEP will definitely To a certain extent, it replaces M0, allowing commercial institutions and ordinary people to receive and pay without delay when they are out of cash and disconnected from the Internet.

It can be seen that after 10 years of development of blockchain technology, the initial and most "The biggest use is digital currency.

Digital currency has also become an attractive reward for participants to maintain the public chain.

So besides digital currency, where else can blockchain technology be used?< p> Let us recall what the essence of blockchain is - a decentralized database, and its corresponding characteristics: traceability, publicity, anonymity, and tamper-proof. In theory, traditional centralized databases can be used You can try to use blockchain to transform any scenario to see if it is suitable.

Next, let’s talk about a few industries and scenarios that have successfully implemented blockchain:

Blockchain can pass hashes Timestamps prove the existence of a certain file or digital content at a specific time, providing a perfect solution for forensic authentication, identity certification, property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, etc.

In the field of anti-counterfeiting and traceability, blockchain technology can be used to track supply chain It is widely used in various fields such as food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, luxury goods, etc.

Give two examples.

Blockchain can allow government data to be run and greatly streamline the service process

The benefits of blockchain Distributed technology can allow government departments to be centralized on a chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts. As long as the worker passes the identity authentication and electronic signature in one department, the smart contract can be automatically processed and transferred, and all subsequent approvals and signatures can be completed in sequence. Chapter.

Blockchain invoices are the earliest use of blockchain technology in China. The tax department launched the "Tax Chain" platform for blockchain electronic invoices. The tax department, the invoicing party, and the payee joined the "Tax Chain" platform through unique digital identities. The "Tax Chain" network truly realizes "instant invoicing upon transaction" and "immediate reimbursement upon invoicing" - invoicing in seconds and reimbursement in minutes, significantly reducing tax collection and management costs and effectively solving problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one vote, and tax evasion.

Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Utilizing the characteristics of openness, transparency, traceability, and non-tampering of blockchain technology, we can achieve transparent use, precise investment and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.

Also give examples Two examples.

The eID network identity operation agency guided by the Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security is jointly developing a "digital identity chain" with Gongyilian, which is based on the citizen's identity number and is issued to Chinese citizens based on cryptographic algorithms. Since it was put into operation, the eID digital identity system has served the full life cycle management of 100 million eIDs, effectively alleviating the problems of personal identity information being fraudulently used, abused and privacy leaked.

The data compiled by Odaily Planet Daily and filed with the Cyberspace Administration of China 5 Identity Chain Projects

Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes

In terms of payment and settlement, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, multiple market participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time. Payment, clearing, and settlement tasks that now take two or three days can be completed in just a few minutes, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger. Ensure that transaction records are transparent and secure, and regulatory authorities can easily track on-chain transactions and quickly locate high-risk capital flows.

Securities issuance transactionsIn terms of traditional stock issuance, the process is long, costly and complex. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish a fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channel. The issuer handles the issuance on its own through smart contracts, and the regulatory authorities review and verify it in a unified manner. , investors can also bypass intermediaries and conduct direct operations.

In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish a consortium chain network covering core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. The core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers to their suppliers. After the bills are digitized and uploaded to the chain, they can be uploaded to the supplier Transfer between them, each level of supplier can realize the corresponding amount of financing with the digital bill certificate.

Give me an example.

The China Enterprise Cloud Chain, jointly launched by ICBC, Postal Savings Bank of China, 11 central enterprises, etc., has covered 48,000 companies since its establishment in 2017, with the amount of rights confirmed on the chain reaching 100 billion yuan, and factoring financing of 57 billion yuan. , cumulative transactions reached 300 billion yuan. After receiving the loan application, financial institutions can verify the authenticity of the contract on the chain and whether the contract has been verified multiple times (multiple loans); the smart contract automatically clears and settles, reducing costs and increasing efficiency; at the same time, the accounts payable of core enterprises can have The corresponding vouchers will be split by the first-level suppliers and handed over to the second- and third-level suppliers in the chain to help them with financing; core enterprises can also use this to understand whether the entire chain is operating normally and avoid emergencies. Redemption pressure.

Blockchain technology will greatly optimize the existing use of big data and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing

The aforementioned areas are areas that we are relatively familiar with. As more new technologies develop, blockchain may be able to be combined with them and play a role in unexpected cross-fields and new scenarios that are currently unforeseen.

In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will generate massive amounts of data. The existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges. Edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for the use of all data such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence.

Finally, blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculations while protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data islands" and realize the value of data circulation.

In response to the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and use needs of general business users, many traditional cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("Blockchain as a Service") solutions. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce enterprise blockchain deployment costs and promote the implementation of blockchain usage scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also play an important role in many fields such as charity, insurance, energy, logistics, and the Internet of Things.

In this case, from traditional technologyDuring the trial process of blockchain, we found that when certain scenarios have stronger demands for traceability, tamper-proofing, and decentralization, but the weaknesses of blockchain (such as performance) are not high, such fields It’s quite suitable for combining with blockchain.

At the same time, in the process of blockchain evolution, it has also developed from a highly decentralized public chain accessible to everyone to a consortium chain with different permissions and maintained by multiple centers. Balances the advantages and disadvantages of the two systems.

Typical examples of alliance chains include: FISCO BCOS jointly developed by WeBank and the Golden Alliance Open Source Working Group, Fabric, a major contribution from IBM, and Ant Alliance Chain led by Ant Blockchain, etc.

These trustless systems represent more secure data authentication and storage mechanisms, where data is effectively authenticated and protected. Businesses or individuals can exchange or enter into contracts digitally, where these contracts are embedded in code and stored in transparent, shared databases where they cannot be deleted, tampered with, or revised.

It is boldly predicted that in the future, contracts, audits, tasks, and payments will all be digitized with unique and secure signatures. Digital signatures will be permanently identified, authenticated, legalized, and stored, and cannot be tampered with. There is no need for an intermediary to guarantee each of your transactions. You can conduct transactions without knowing the basic information of the other party. While improving information security, it effectively reduces transaction costs and improves transaction efficiency.

Generally speaking, there has been a lot of progress in the implementation of blockchain compared to two years ago.

Many improvements are at the bottom of the system, and users cannot directly see that blockchain is used, but they have actually benefited from it; some applications are still in pilot mode, and users have not yet been able to experience it. In the future, blockchain is expected to be used on a large scale and become one of the Internet infrastructure.

I hope that after reading this, you have a general understanding of what blockchain is and what blockchain can do.

Related Q&A: What is blockchain

Blockchain is actually equivalent to a disintermediated database, which is composed of a series of data blocks. Each of its data blocks contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information and generate the next block.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgeable. distributed ledger.

In a broad sense, blockchain is actually a distributed infrastructure and computing method, which is used to ensure the security of data transmission and access.

Blockchain infrastructure:

Blockchain is composed of six infrastructures: data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and usage layer.

C. How blockchain is applied to the food chain

Summary

Chefs can make sure their food is sustainably sourced and organic through blockchain technology. How to make sure of that? IBM thinks the solution lies in Blockchain. IBM is connecting all players in the global supply chain from farmers, procers, suppliers, manufactures in a secure shared platform---blockchain .

Blockchain is a decentralized ledger where activities throughout the whole food supply chain are recorded, verified, and become immutable at each step. This technology applies to any numbers of vegetables from fresh to packaged.

It has three advantages:

Consumers can scan the code on the package to check where the food comes from and whether it is genuinely fresh etc.

It can remove the distributor in the middle.

Traceablity (one of the functions of blockchain) can help spot the problematic food instead of decimating the whole farm in case of a food-born outbreak
< br /> Blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger. All transaction data on the entire chain can be recorded in the ledger., identification, and become irrefutable evidence. The application of blockchain in the field of food supply has three major advantages:

1. Because every step of food from farm to table is recorded on the ledger, the information is traceable. Consumers can obtain the source information of food by scanning the code.

2. Because every step of the transaction and information is open and transparent, trust in the supply chain is increased, and the middle agent between the farmer and the purchaser can be eliminated.

3. Because the information is traceable, if a certain food causes mass poisoning/disease spread, the problem food can be accurately found and the accidental killing of other healthy foods can be reduced.

Vocabulary

In the fantasy world In the ideal world/fantasy

Immutable

Cryptography Password Learning

Hashing: information is connected with each other. If you change the information, it changes the hashing so that you know it has been compromised.

Scallops< br />
Sustainably sourced (in selecting suppliers, social, ethical, environmental factors are considered)

Engender produced

Food distribution Food distribution< br />
Food born outbreak A disease outbreak caused by food

Listening Link Source Link

https://dict.eudic.net/webting/Play? id=e1dd0dc5-6b0d-11ea-99a8-00505686c5e6&order=0

D. How does blockchain protect food safety

In layman’s terms, blockchain = block + chain , block refers to the data form, which is stored in the form of blocks (Using higher-level encryption technology and difficult to tamper), the chain is a distributed storage technology. After the block information is stored on the chain, it is distributed and stored in a chain-linked manner, and modification of individual nodes is invalid.

Using blockchain technology, food safety traceability can be carried out. This is an application scenario where blockchain technology is easier to implement and the technology is more mature. There are also many products that can be applied, including various common Commodities, high and low value-added products.
Blockchain technology can improve the situation of mutual distrust, effectively improve production relations, make it more transparent, and present traceability results digitally.
I am planning to develop a blockchain system. A friend introduced me to Guangzhou Xuanling Network Technology Co., Ltd. This is a company that specializes in software development and blockchain system development. Their development cases are pretty good and the business content involved Quite a few, the team is pretty good. I feel that the working atmosphere of this type of company is comfortable, and I hope that I can also meet a good team.

E. What Alibaba has done on the blockchain

Jack Ma: I want to know what Bitcoin can bring to society

At the two sessions, Jack Ma... …Oh, I’m sorry, Comrade Jack Ma, who didn’t want to wear a red hat, did not attend the two sessions.

So, let’s review Jack Ma’s remarks when evaluating Bitcoin:

In November 2017, Alibaba, Ant Financial and Xiongan Signed a strategic cooperation agreement to build the "Digital Xiongan Blockchain Implementation Platform". Currently, Ant Financial has provided blockchain application technology in the rental field in Xiongan. It can be said that Xiongan has become Alibaba’s first experimental field for the overall implementation of blockchain technology.

F. What role can blockchain play in traditional enterprises

Blockchain is a new application of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. model. Blockchain is essentially a decentralized database.
The application fields of blockchain include digital currency, certificates, finance, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. With the popularity of blockchain and Bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered. , which has had a relatively large impact on the domain name industry.
Take agriculture as an example, what problems does blockchain solve in agriculture?
1. Traceability of agricultural products
The traceability of agricultural products has always been a pain point in agriculture. Blockchain technology can make records non-tamperable, so there is detailed data from the production end of agricultural products to the circulation end and consumers, which can realize consumers' clear consumption and increase consumers' willingness to buy.
The traceability of agricultural products can improve the safety of agricultural products and food.
2. Information transparency
In addition to traceability in the agricultural field, there is also the problem of opacity in the information between producers and demanders.
Once blockchain technology is applied to agriculture. We can use big data analysis to establish credit rating references for growers and buyers; benefitUse smart contracts to ensure fair transactions between growers and buyers. At the same time, blockchain technology can improve the contractual spirit between buyers and sellers of agricultural products.
Also, with the advent of blockchain in the food supply chain, this could streamline the process as the data management system integrates a range of brokers, farmers, processors, distributors, regulators, retailers and Data management systems are becoming more transparent for consumers to put on their radar.
3. Reduce costs
After the application of blockchain technology, the costs of production and circulation will be greatly reduced. For example, blockchain technology solves the functions of automatic information storage and database, thus reducing manual investment and investment in other facilities.
In addition, blockchain and applications realize the interconnection of everything, helping manufacturers and distributors reduce various expenses. At the same time, reductions in production and distribution costs will also reduce the prices of agricultural products, ultimately benefiting consumers.
Of course, in addition to the above three reasons, blockchain technology can also be applied in agricultural subsidies, land registration, etc. to solve problems such as corruption and rights and interests.
Therefore, the application of blockchain technology in the agricultural field has to be recognized by people at all levels.
The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization. It can achieve decentralized credit in a distributed system where nodes do not need to trust each other by using data encryption, timestamps, distributed consensus and economic incentives. Point-to-point transactions, coordination and collaboration, thus providing solutions to the problems of high cost, low efficiency and insecure data storage common in centralized institutions.
Future development and application scenarios of blockchain
1. Digital identity
When many people apply for various certificates, they will encounter "prove that my grandma is an adult", "my mother is my mother" "The dilemma, with blockchain, you no longer have to worry about it. It turns out that our birth certificates, real estate certificates, marriage certificates, etc. need a central node for everyone to recognize them. Once cross-border, contracts and certificates may become invalid because of the lack of a global central node.
The non-tamperable nature of blockchain technology has fundamentally changed this situation. Our birth certificates, real estate certificates, and marriage certificates can all be notarized on the blockchain and become things trusted by the world. Of course, It can easily prove "prove that my grandma is an adult" and "my mother is my mother".
2. Health care
To put it simply, it is to use blockchain to establish a universal record repository with timestamps, so that different databases can extract data information.
3. Travel consumption
When traveling, we often use apps such as Ctrip and Meituan to find and place orders for hotels and other services, and each platform gets commissions from them. The application of blockchain is to remove middlemen and create a secure and decentralized way for service providers and customers to connect and trade directly.
4. More convenient transactions
Blockchain can make payments and transactions more efficient and convenient. Blockchain platform allowsUsers are allowed to create smart contracts that become active when certain conditions are met, meaning that automatic payments can be released when both parties to the transaction agree that their conditions are met.
5. Strictly control product quality
If you buy an apple, with blockchain technology, you can know the entire process from the production of the fruit farmer to the circulation link. Among them are government regulatory information, professional testing data, enterprise quality inspection data, etc. A smart supply chain will make the food we eat and the products we use every day safer and give us more peace of mind.
6. The Art of Property Rights Protection
The creator puts his work on the blockchain, and once someone uses his work, he can know it immediately. Corresponding royalties will also be automatically paid to the creator. Blockchain technology not only protects copyright, but also helps creators sell their works to consumers better and more directly, without requiring the assistance of a distribution company.

G. What is blockchain? In addition to food traceability, what other common applications does blockchain have?

To save production and distributor costs, use blockchain technology and The Internet of Things can realize automated data collection and storage, reducing labor investment and other equipment investment; in addition, the application of blockchain technology and the Internet of Things can help manufacturers and distributors reduce various expenditures and reduce the price of agricultural products, thereby achieving Customer profit.

The key to blockchain technology is a distributed digital ledger that can store all types of information, including cryptocurrency transactions, NFT usage rights, and DeFi blocks chain.

Although any traditional database system can store this information, digital currency is unique in its complete blockchain technology. In contrast to systems maintained in core organizations by central administrators (such as Excel spreadsheets or bank database systems), blockchain databases have many identical copies stored on multiple computers that exist on the network, but these independent electronic Computers are called connection points.

The name "blockchain technology" is not a whim. Data ledgers are generally described as "chains" composed of separate "data blocks". When new data is imported into the network, a new "block" is created and added to the "chain," which involves all nodes updating their versions of the blockchain ledger so that they are the same.

H. Force Insights | Filecoin public chain empowers enterprise-level data storage

Not long ago, under the background of traffic being king, Bilibili, Weibo and other social entertainment media, Due to the high enthusiasm of the melon-eaters, the machines crashed one after another, causing an uproar on the Internet.

For highly centralized Internet platforms, data is mostly concentrated in the platform's database, and the storage capacity is huge. It is an arduous task to protect the integrity and stability of the data.

An area that is decentralized and continues to develop towards formalization.Blockchain technology has further entered the public eye.

However, the discussion on whether to choose a public chain or a private chain for enterprise-level applications seems to have never stopped.

Maybe Filecoin can give the answer.

1. The sudden rise of private chains

As the process of informatization and digitization continues to accelerate, the scale of data information shows a trend of explosive growth.

Global financial and technology giants have successively focused on the development and technology application of the underlying blockchain platform. More efficient, secure and more stable digital development has become an urgent need for enterprises.

Compared with Internet giants such as Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and JD.com that have launched application platforms based on basic blockchain services, institutions such as Ant Financial, JP Morgan, and IBM have successively deployed private chains, using In areas such as internal data management and auditing.

As early as 2018, Amber Baldet, JP Morgan’s blockchain project leader, told the Ethereum Conference in Paris that her self-built platform Quorum plans to connect the public and private blockchain chains. Integrate users' blockchain assets and protect the privacy and security of data and assets.

In May of this year, the former communications giant Nokia also revealed that it would establish a secure, private, and authorized blockchain infrastructure to provide data transactions and analysis functions, using AI and automation mechanisms in real time to cope with rapid growth. amount of data while ensuring safe and reliable access to the data.

The dispute between the public chain and the private chain

As a completely transparent and decentralized infrastructure, the public chain allows everyone to read, send transactions and obtain valid Confirmed public blockchain.

Participants on the public chain can obtain consensus benefits through the digital token incentive mechanism.

The main characteristics of the public chain are open source (OpenSource) and anonymity (Anonymity), which means that the public chain has the characteristics of decentralization, difficulty in tampering, convenience, flexibility and intelligence. It promotes data sharing and reduces complexity. It has natural advantages in business processes, reducing operating costs, and improving data security.

However, the shortcomings of public chains are also prominent during the development process.

Private blockchains, because their writing authority only belongs to a specific organization, have credit subjects, and information can be tampered with.

In theory, it does not meet the core characteristics of decentralized blockchain, but private chains can increase transaction speed, control transaction costs, have scalability to support more transactions, and for institutional data Privacy availableto provide more complete protection.

Commodity traceability technology based on private chains has long become a battleground for major companies such as Alibaba, JD.com, and Suning. As early as 2016, Ant Financial applied blockchain technology to support imports. Food safety traceability and commodity traceability.

In early 2017, Alibaba cooperated with PricewaterhouseCoopers to create a traceable cross-border food supply chain.

However, as increasingly rich Internet services continue to emerge, if all applications are only applicable to a single private chain, then many single institutions will be required to provide different private chain services to meet the needs of data processing and storage.

When blockchain construction and operation and maintenance have matured, the cost is very huge and the operation is very inefficient. The technical requirements for cross-chain collaborative processing of data are very high, and it can no longer meet the social development needs of the digital era.

According to IDC research data, the total amount of global data will reach 175ZB in 2025.

According to the capacity of the data storage infrastructure we currently have established around the world, it is far from enough to store such a huge amount of data. It is conceivable that a solution that can effectively store these huge amounts of data is urgent. .

Three Filecoin empowers enterprise-level data storage

Filecion is currently a blockchain benchmark project with practical application scenarios. Since its launch in October 2020, it has completed up to 8.8 EiB storage accumulation.

As the incentive layer of IPFS, it not only provides rewards for users to share network bandwidth to maintain the smooth operation of IPFS, but also includes the continuous launch of ecological support projects by Protocol Labs and the Filecoin Foundation to promote the sustainable development of the ecosystem. .

Currently, the Filecoin network maintains a daily growth rate of about 50PiB and stores multiple enterprise-level important data files in the circle.

The German Aerospace Center uses IPFS for telemetry data storage. All private files taken from the moon during the US Apollo moon landing program were uploaded and saved using IPFS. The world's second largest Firefox browser has used IPFS for retrieval. Data, the World Wide Web and JD Cloud have applied IPFS to store data, and Google Chrome has supported IPFS plug-ins...

IPFS is designed to connect all computer devices to the same file system, through point-to-point transmission, data block content The establishment of a hash deduplication method greatly improves the efficiency of data transmission, saves 60% of network bandwidth, and greatly reduces storage costs.

Its distributed characteristics and encryption algorithm ensure data security. At the same time, IPFS provides Internet data history version Git backtracking function and zero-knowledge certificate.Ming also enables IPFS to perform data confirmation without revealing details, making data storage faster, safer, and more open.

As the ecological network continues to expand, with the rapid development of Web3.0 storage, more valuable and real data that needs to be stored can be stored in the IPFS and Filecoin networks.

Conclusion

Almost all license management systems, from the lack of suppliers to the diversity of partners, are affected to varying degrees.

It does not mean that a few companies can agree on rules that are applicable to the public.

Only more competition, more choices and more services can be accepted by people.

Open and public Internet has become our main network technology. With the improvement of certification mechanism and technology, public chain, as the infrastructure of the next generation Internet, will continue to promote the development of the web3.0 era.

The public blockchain storage system built by IPFS and Filecoin also has the characteristics of reducing data storage costs, improving data security, efficient data access, and scalable development.

Not only does it subvert the traditional data storage model, it also solves the problems of enterprise private chains with high costs, low economic benefits, single and closed application scenarios, and centralized data that can be tampered with.

In the future, it is also expected that Filecoin can further improve network scale utilization, and it will become feasible to store enterprise-level data on the public chain.