天汽模属于哪个板块,天汽模概念
请查看相关英文文档
A. What is blockchain and how to make money with blockchain
Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. In essence, it is a shared database, and the data or information stored in it has the characteristics of "unforgeable", "full traces left", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collectively maintained". Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid foundation of "trust" and created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, which has broad application prospects.
The ways to make money in the blockchain are as follows:
1. Coin speculation. Coin speculation is like stock speculation. Coin speculation is the lowest threshold for making money in the blockchain;
2. Vendors, district Blockchain is a global market. Like small traders, you can move from a low-price platform to a high-price platform to sell and earn the difference;
3. Earn commissions for promotion. The blockchain method is to register first Exchange account, generate your own invitation link, and then promote it. If someone registers the exchange through your link and generates transactions, you can get a commission;
4. Mining, "mining" in Bitcoin is The accounting process;
5. Technical support, providing blockchain technical support to some teams and enterprises;
6. Opening a trading website and charging handling fees;
7. Developing wallets and wallets It is the infrastructure of the blockchain, just like the "Alipay" or "WeChat Pay" of the blockchain;
8. Be a blockchain project or infrastructure equipment supplier.
Warm reminder: The above explanation is for reference only and does not make any suggestions. There are risks in entering the market, so investment needs to be cautious. Before making any investment, you should ensure that you fully understand the investment nature of the product and the risks involved. After understanding and carefully evaluating the product, you can make your own judgment on whether to participate in the transaction.
Response time: 2020-12-02. For the latest business changes, please refer to the official website of Ping An Bank.
[I know about Ping An Bank] Want to know more? Come and take a look at "I Know Ping An Bank"~
https://b.pingan.com.cn/paim/iknow/index.html
B. Energy Blockchain Research | District Blockchain can help us fight climate change
[Energy people are watching, click on the upper right corner to add 'FOLLOW']
Blockchain can help us fight climate change
·Smart contracts run on the blockchain, which can unlock many new ways to respond to climate change and address its impacts.
·Achieving this requires a value intermediary network, which can help the blockchain collect information from real society and interact with it.
Note: Oracles (value intermediaries) provide data to smart contracts and are the bridge between the real world and the blockchain.
Smart contracts allow people to designA globally accepted and fully automated incentive system that directly rewards individuals, companies and governments for participating in sustainable practices. These practices include: regenerative agriculture, carbon offsets, crop insurance, and more. In promoting global green actions, smart contracts have greatly incentivized participants.
Initial obstacles
The development of green smart contracts is hindered, mainly reflected in the inability of the blockchain to interact with information from various regions in the real world, including the environment. In recent years, however, physical companies have finally been able to go into production through oracle mechanisms that integrate global data onto the blockchain.
For example, these oracle mechanisms can now publish agricultural information sets directly to the blockchain, and smart contract developers can eventually develop a series of small predictions about food yields, soil quality, climate reporting, carbon offsets, and more. program. As more and more environmental data sets, such as weather patterns or Internet of Things (IoT) sensor readings, are fed into the blockchain, developers are beginning to develop a wide range of environmentally friendly smart contract applications.
The following are three related examples
1
Regenerative agriculture
Smart contracts allow ordinary people to participate in the fight against climate change One of the most important ways, it promotes the development of regenerative agriculture and makes regenerative agriculture possible.
Smart contracts can interact with real-world information to autonomously reward those who develop important land.
For example, the Green World Campaign is working with Cornell University to build a smart contract that can automatically reward those who pass satellite information through People who have successfully regenerated land by increasing vegetation cover, improving soil, etc.
Value intermediaries can also extract data from satellite images and trigger smart contracts built on the blockchain to ensure that people receive rewards fairly and transparently.
2
Transforming consumer awareness
Smart contracts can support environmentally conscious individuals and organizations. For example, if a person successfully triggers a reforestation smart contract, they can be paid in the form of carbon credits that can be sold to charities, crowdfunding, or even companies that have a positive impact on the environment.
Smart contracts can also provide environmentally conscious consumers with more choices in energy consumption.
For example, decentralized energy grids like the Brooklyn Microgrid Projectare could use smart contracts and blockchain as a coordination mechanism to allow consumers and their neighbors to take advantage of solar energy Generate electricity and generate transactions. Buying and selling solar credits between neighbors could reduce energyTransportation costs and greenhouse gas emissions.
While many consumers are already changing their consumption habits, broader social behavioral shifts may require a combination of monetary incentives and sustainable choices among consumers. By using smart contracts connected to real-world data, different spending habits trigger different reward and punishment mechanisms. This will promote changes in consumer behavior.
3
Hedging risks by insuring crops
Climate change is altering weather patterns around the world. The vast majority of farmers around the world are uninsured, leaving their crops extremely vulnerable to weather conditions such as heavy rain, drought, and strong winds.
Adverse weather conditions can cause financial losses to farmers, devastating their families and leaving farmland damaged and abandoned.
Fortunately, smart contracts can detect changing climates through value intermediaries and propose solutions.
Using smart contracts, farmers can insure their land, stipulating predefined conditions for the contract to be effective (such as a certain amount of rainfall); they can then detect weather patterns through a value intermediary.
If the value intermediary detects that the conditions have been met, the farmer automatically gets a sum of money.
Smart contracts communicate climate information through value intermediaries, allowing farmers to protect their property with just a smartphone.
Outlook
The combination of blockchain and value intermediary opens up a new era of smart contracts, which can create a new incentive model for sustainable human energy consumption. . As discussions about climate change continue to escalate, it’s important to understand that the impact of this industry on the environment will go far beyond the consensus mechanisms of any one project.
National Energy Information Platform contact number: 010-65367702, email: [email protected], address: People’s Daily, No. 2 Jintai West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing
C. Materials The "Cambrian Explosion" of the Internet is coming
■Views in this issue
The Internet of Things is regarded as the third wave of the information industry after computers and the Internet. Driven by technological development and social needs, the "Cambrian Explosion" of the Internet of Things is coming.
Currently, the enabling role of the Internet of Things in the digital transformation of various industries has been very obvious, and the meteorological industry is also one of the beneficiaries. The development of the Internet of Things will eventually completely change the meteorological industry. With the rapid increase and interconnection of Internet of Things devices, the channels for obtaining meteorological data will be broadened as never before, and the quality and accuracy of meteorological observation data will also be unprecedentedly improved.
The Internet of Things is inseparable from the development of artificial intelligence and cloud computing. The three are like the three keys that open a treasure. Only when they are turned at the same time can the treasure be unlocked.Door. Blockchain puts on an "armor" for the Internet of Things to prevent weather data from being tampered with or stolen by hackers.
■This issue’s guest: Zhang Ming, senior engineer of the Meteorological Observation Center of the China Meteorological Administration
Chen Zuan, deputy general manager of Huafeng Meteorological Media Group
Anhui Provincial Meteorological Bureau Li Jianbang, Senior Engineer of the Office of Weather Modification
542 million years ago, there was a period of time when a large number of higher organisms appeared, and species diversity increased explosively - this was the Cambrian Explosion of Life . As for the cause of the outbreak, some scientists believe that it is because certain creatures (such as the famous trilobites) evolved eyes. After having eyes, these creatures began to chase and prey on other creatures. More importantly, the eyes, as a kind of sensor, can collect a large amount of data. As the amount of data increases, the brain's learning cycle will accelerate, thus further promoting subsequent biological evolution.
The Internet of Things is regarded as the third wave of the information industry after computers and the Internet. From an evolutionary perspective, the Internet of Things is actually the "eyes" evolved by human society. The "2019 Global Internet of Things Development Research Report" released this year by "BI Intelligence" pointed out that it is expected that by 2025, the number of global Internet of Things devices will exceed 64 billion, much higher than the 10 billion in 2018 and 90 billion in 2017. 100 million. It is predicted that by 2035, there will be more than 1 trillion IoT devices capable of storing sensor data in the cloud.
The "Cambrian Explosion" of the Internet of Things is coming.
The past and present of the Internet of Things
The Internet of Things, as the name suggests, is the Internet where things are connected. It is somewhat incredible to say that the concept of the Internet of Things originally came from a sell-out lipstick.
In the 1990s, when MIT professor Kevin Ashton was working as a brand manager at Procter & Gamble, he discovered that a brown lipstick was always out of stock, but there was actually one in stock. Quite a few. So he began to think: If a wireless communication chip using radio frequency identification technology (RFID) is built into the lipstick packaging, and there is a wireless network that can receive the data from the chip at any time, then retailers can know at any time What products are on the shelves and restocked in a timely manner. The concept of "Internet of Things" was thus proposed, and Kevin Ashton was therefore called the "Father of the Internet of Things."
RFID is one of the core technologies of the Internet of Things, and its earliest prototype appeared during World War II. At the time, the British Army used radio transmitters coupled with radar to identify enemy and friendly aircraft. After 2000, RFID technology was widely used, and the Internet of Things based on logistics and supply chain management began to be built. “When we need to connect all ‘things’ together, an important issue is how to determine who is who, and radio frequency identificationThe purpose of specialization technology is to solve the problem of ‘uniqueness’ and to attach a unique identity label to each ‘object’. "Zhang Ming said.
In addition to mutual recognition, objects must also be able to collect and exchange data. This requires mentioning sensors. At first glance, you may think that this word It’s a bit unfamiliar, but in fact there are sensors everywhere around us, such as weather satellites, surveillance cameras, drones, etc., which can all be regarded as sensors for collecting data. In addition, there are also a large number of sensors on mobile phones, such as GPS and gravity sensors. , infrared sensors, cameras, ambient light sensors, etc. In this sense, a mobile phone is actually an integrated device for the Internet of Things. In the future, smartphones with rich built-in sensors can function as measuring instruments, collecting temperature, atmospheric pressure, atmospheric tides, etc. Data.
In addition to radio frequency identification and sensor technology, the Internet of Things also includes intelligent processing and embedded technology. According to Zhang Ming’s analysis of future trends, the rapidly developing 5G technology will become the history of the development of the Internet of Things A major milestone event in the past has allowed the "Internet of Everything" to fundamentally get rid of the constraints of the network environment, greatly reduce the construction cost of the Internet of Things, and make the service level of the Internet of Things advance by leaps and bounds.
In short, the real Internet of Things Internet-connected sensors automatically capture and analyze data and make decisions on their own. This requires machines to have the ability to learn and make decisions independently. The entire process no longer requires human intervention.
Meteorology + Internet of Things< /p>
The "2018 Internet of Things White Paper" released by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology pointed out that the scale of the global Internet of Things industry increased from US$50 billion in 2008 to US$151 billion in 2018. In the rapid growth of the number of connections and the Under the influence of Kraft's Law, a new round of applications of the Internet of Things in various industries has begun, and the growth rate of implementation has accelerated. The enabling role of the Internet of Things in the digital transformation of various industries has been very obvious.
Meteorological Industry As an user of big data, I have accepted the empowerment of the Internet of Things early. In some developed countries, the Internet of Things technology has been widely used in various aspects such as meteorological monitoring and early warning, weather forecasting, meteorological information transmission and meteorological services. For example, The United States has applied IoT technology to achieve fully automatic ground observation. In June 2012, the National Weather Service successfully applied IoT technology to develop a wireless emergency warning system. This system can determine the affected area based on the path of severe weather. Search signals from all mobile phones in the area and automatically match the sending group, which not only improves the accuracy of early warning, but also avoids information disturbing people. The Japan Meteorological Agency built an earthquake sensing early warning system based on the Internet of Things in 2007.
The Korea Meteorological Administration uses RFID technology to monitor weather changes. By deploying wireless sensors, it establishes an automatic weather system to monitor temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind, sediment, snowfall, visibility, clouds, surface and underground temperatures, etc. Real-time monitoring of elements and tracking of weather systems,Effectively improved meteorological service capabilities and support levels.
"In China, Internet of Things technology has been applied to meteorological information monitoring, meteorological information release services and professional meteorological services, and some application systems and products have been initially developed." Li Jianbang said.
The Internet of Things has fully unleashed the potential of objects such as mobile phones, vehicles and even umbrellas, making them a means of obtaining weather data. Sensors of all kinds will soon be everywhere, which means weather data will be everywhere. "The development of the Internet of Things will eventually completely change the meteorological industry." Zhang Ming said that with the rapid increase and interconnection of Internet of Things devices, the channels for obtaining meteorological data will be broadened as never before, and the quality and accuracy of meteorological observation data will also be improved. Unprecedented improvement.
Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence, Cloud Computing, Blockchain
No matter how powerful a person is, he can only observe certain aspects of things, and his observations The scope is mainly limited to the area that can be reached by human senses. In order to obtain a macro perspective or even a "God's perspective", we need to continuously expand our perception capabilities and let our "tentacles" continue to extend. One of the biggest functions of the Internet of Things is to give human society a "God's perspective", which greatly expands human perception and opens up a new dimension of information collection.
If the Internet of Things is the "eyes" evolved by human society, then artificial intelligence is the "brain". The current total amount of meteorological data is approximately 23PB, and the amount of data generated every day alone reaches dozens of TB. In fact, meteorologists are overwhelmed by such a volume of data, and there is no time to explore the value of much data. Just imagine, when the number of IoT devices reaches tens of millions or even billions, the amount of data they generate will be unimaginably huge, and the amount of previous data cannot be compared to it. At this time, using artificial intelligence to process sensor data almost becomes the only option. In addition, if such a massive amount of data is all deployed on the business end or locally, the cost will increase exponentially as the volume of relocated data doubles. Business units that are already overwhelmed by too many systems will be even worse. Cloud computing can deploy all resources required by business systems in the cloud, and artificial intelligence can process massive meteorological data directly on the "cloud".
More importantly, fed by massive meteorological data, artificial intelligence will grow at an astonishingly fast rate. By then, "super artificial intelligence" may appear, and this technology will become super intelligence. Eventually, the intelligence of machines will exceed the collective intelligence of humans.
"The development of the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing are inseparable. The three are like the three keys that open the meteorological treasure. Only when they are turned at the same time can the door to the treasure be opened. Simply put the objects The meaning of connection is very limited. Only by making this connection intelligent can the potential of the Internet of Things be fully released," Zhang Ming said.
However, one of the biggest problems currently faced by the Internet of Things is information security. Once it is invaded by hackers or viruses, the consequences will be disastrous. Fortunately, blockchain with high transparency, traceability and tamper-proof characteristics provides a good solution to this problem. Once the meteorological data is uploaded to the chain, the time and content of the upload will be open and transparent, and once it is uploaded to the chain, it will be difficult to tamper with. The content will gradually become legally binding, so it can be traced to the source and held accountable. This will facilitate data processing for different institutions. Exchange and sharing provide a basis for trust, and technology is used to solve trust and security issues.
"The combination of the Internet of Things and blockchain technology will produce the blockchain Internet of Things, and the blockchain Internet of Things can significantly reduce security risks." Chen Zuan said, more importantly, blockchain As a transaction processing tool, it is a revolutionary innovation for the Internet of Things, and many human-computer interactions will be replaced by rules-based interactions between machines. In addition, a successful IoT solution must have a strong value proposition. Each device in the IoT can act as an independent business entity, sharing capabilities and resources with other devices at extremely low transaction costs. It is conceivable that through technologies such as blockchain-based smart contracts and smart ledgers, we can turn every observation device in the meteorological Internet of Things into a transaction point and economic value creation point between owners and users. The series of changes promoted by the combination of IoT and blockchain technology will make the physical world as fluid, personalized and efficient as the digital world.
D. What is blockchain technology and how it changes business and financial models
Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger technology that Allows multiple participants to jointly maintain a secure, transparent and immutable record on a decentralized network. Blockchain technology was originally designed for the digital currency Bitcoin, but is now widely used in many other fields.
The core features of blockchain technology include:
Decentralization: Blockchain has no central control agency, and data is distributed on various nodes in the network, which makes it decentralized. The centralization feature reduces the risk of single points of failure.
Transparency: Transaction records on the blockchain are public to all participants, and anyone can view these records. This helps increase trust and reduce the risk of fraud.
Immutable: Once a transaction is recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be easily modified or deleted. This guarantees data integrity and security.
Smart contracts: Transactions on the blockchain can be automatically executed to implement "smart contracts", which automatically execute corresponding operations when specific conditions are met. This helps simplify complex business processes and reduce costs.
Blockchain technology has had a profound impact on business and financial models, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
Reducing costs: Blockchain technology can reduce intermediary links and reduce costs. Transaction costs and operating costs. For example, by adopting blockchain for cross-border payments, remittance fees can be significantly reduced.
Improve efficiency: The automation and smart contract features of blockchain technology help improve the efficiency of business processes, reduce manual intervention, and reduce error rates.
Enhance trust: The transparency and non-tamperability of blockchain technology help to establish a reliable trust system, reduce the risk of fraud, and provide better protection for commercial activities.
Innovative business models: Blockchain technology has spawned many new business models, such as decentralized finance (DeFi), digital asset trading, supply chain finance, etc. These new business models have brought disruptive changes to existing industries.
In short, blockchain technology, as an emerging technical means, is gradually changing the landscape of business and finance. With the continuous development of technology and the in-depth promotion of applications, blockchain is expected to have a more extensive and far-reaching impact in the future
E. How to trust off-chain information to the chain
A Typical question: "What should I do if I need to use off-chain information during smart contract operation?"
For example, there is a World Cup finals guessing game on the chain, but the World Cup cannot be played on the chain; or you need to refer to today's The weather is obviously not native information on the chain and should be obtained from the Meteorological Bureau; in cross-border business, legal exchange rates may be used, and the exchange rate must come from an authoritative organization and cannot be generated out of thin air on the chain.
At this time, the "Oracle" will be used, and one or more off-chain trusted institutions will write information such as football matches, weather, exchange rates, etc. to the chain. public contract, other contracts will uniformly use this trustworthy information confirmed by consensus, and there will be no ambiguity. Considering safety and efficiency, Oracle will have a variety of specific methods, which are quite interesting to implement.
A further soul torture is: "How to ensure that the data on the chain is authentic?" Frankly speaking, the blockchain cannot fundamentally guarantee the credibility of the data off the chain, it can only guarantee Once the information is on the chain, it is consistent across the entire network and difficult to tamper with. When the blockchain is combined with the real economy, it is bound to face the problem of "how to trust the chain."
For example, asset-related applications, in addition to personnel management, must also "integrate four flows into one", that is, "information flow, business flow, logistics, and capital flow" to match and cross-check each other, which will make the business The process is more credible. These "flows" often occur in the real world off-chain. To control them, the Internet of Things (sensors, cameras, etc.), artificial intelligence (pattern recognition, federal student data analysis, endorsement by trusted institutions, etc.) may be used. Technology and methods, this has gone far beyond the scope of blockchain.
So, the proposition of this section is actually: How can blockchain be extensively integrated with technology in the digital world to better exert itself? The role of multi-party collaboration and building trust.
With the development of the digital world, especially the strong promotion of "new infrastructure", we believe that extensive digitization can reduce the collection and verification of information while protecting privacy. cost, the data collected will become more and more abundant.
As inWhen using, transferring, and recycling physical materials, collect and monitor in a timely manner, even multi-party, multi-channel, and multi-dimensional three-dimensional collection and monitoring, and upload it to the chain for consensus, publicity, anchoring, and cross-verification on and off the chain, so that it can gradually Approaching the effect of "trusted chaining of the physical world", the logic will be more rigorous and more credible, the circulation of data and value will be more reliable, and the friction of collaboration will be lower.
The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is the only "blockchain technology" approved by the "Smart Learning Workshop 2020- Xueshuo Innovation Workstation" carried out by the School Planning and Construction Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China. Professional” pilot workstation. The professional base is based on providing students with diversified growth paths, promoting the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and building an applied and compound talent training system.
F. What is blockchain technology and what aspects may it be used for in the future
Blockchain is a distributed shared accounting technology. What it wants to do is to allow participation The parties are able to establish a trusting relationship at the technical level. Blockchain can be roughly divided into two levels: one is the underlying technology of the blockchain; the other is the upper-layer application of the blockchain, that is, the transformation, optimization or innovative application based on the blockchain.
Blockchain has been applied in several fields. In the first field of digital assets, in addition to some points and check-in cards we have seen, it also includes various other assets, and there is a process of asset digitization.
The second area is the field of trade finance. Because the field of trade finance is originally a multi-link and multi-party participation method, blockchain can greatly improve the efficiency of the middle, making many of the original substitutes effective.
The third area uses equity, which is a company's equity like some regional equity trading centers. The purpose is to facilitate equity-to-transactions and facilitate relative circulation. At present, the multi-center blockchain system can indeed improve efficiency and reduce costs.
Xinlian is an information platform for news and data mining that is vertical in the field of blockchain. We hope it will be helpful to you.
G. What disruptions does blockchain bring and why can it become a national strategy?
The disruptive characteristics of blockchain lie in the following four aspects: 1. Transparency. The data records of the blockchain system are transparent to the entire network nodes, and the update operations of the data records are also transparent to the entire network nodes. This is the basis for the trust of the blockchain system. Since the blockchain system uses open source programs, open rules and high participation, blockchain data records and operating rules can be reviewed and traced by nodes throughout the network, with high transparency.
2. Openness. The blockchain system is open. Except for the private information of the parties directly related to the data, which is always encrypted, the blockchain data is open to everyone (except for blockchain systems with special permission requirements). Anyone or participating nodes can query blockchain data records or develop related applications through public interfaces, so the entire system information is highly transparent.
3. Information cannot be tampered with. Blockchain system informationOnce verified and added to the blockchain, it will be permanently stored and cannot be changed (except for systems such as private blockchains with special change requirements). Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node are invalid, so the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high
4. Decentralization. Decentralization is the most basic feature of blockchain, which means that blockchain no longer relies on central processing nodes and realizes distributed recording, storage and updating of data. In a traditional centralized network, attacking a central node can destroy the entire system. However, in a decentralized blockchain network, attacking a single node cannot control or destroy the entire network or more than 5% of the nodes in the network. It's just the beginning of gaining control. 2019 is the first year of commercial application of blockchain technology, and favorable policy incentives will make the development of blockchain technology more stable.
As the application of blockchain technology gradually penetrates into many fields such as digital finance and the Internet, everyone has a clearer understanding of the value of blockchain.
Blockchain has formed a global competition situation. All countries are seizing development opportunities, and China cannot lag behind; therefore, it is understandable that blockchain has become a national strategy.
