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Ⅰ The upgrade of blockchain technology enables blockchain applications to be regulated

The upgrade of blockchain technology enables blockchain applications to be regulated
In the Internet era, computers have proposed many trusted computing methods very early, that is, any blockchain technology node adopts a trusted computing module. Therefore, trusted computing can make it easier to upgrade and iterate technology in distributed networks.
In terms of the real-name system of blockchain technology, there is a blockchain technology laboratory in the United States, and they have proposed many technical solutions for real-name systems. For example, the current blockchain technology is point-to-point. In many countries, such as South Korea, each person has an electronic certificate, and real-name electronic certificates must be used for signatures during transactions. Of course, there are simpler solutions. We can store the IP address of the entire device as part of the transaction on the blockchain application.
In this way, the entire blockchain technology transaction can realize the real-name system of the technology. So this is an optional real-name system. We can build a real-name blockchain application network or an anonymous blockchain application network.
Super Key is also a major advancement in the current development of blockchain technology. Because it is a distributed network, how do we supervise it and how do we control it? In cryptography, we call it multi-signature.
We (yunbaokeji) design a different blockchain application network. If it is a blockchain application network used by a bank, we can design a super key. The keys of all nodes must be together with the super key to generate a wallet.
Then this super key must be in the hands of regulators or certain institutions, who can have limited control over blockchain applications. For example, currently the data on blockchain applications cannot be deleted, so the super key actually allows powerful organizations to modify the distributed network.
So what kind of technology is blockchain:
(1) Distributed decentralization,
(2) No need to trust the system,
(3) Unable to Tampering and encryption security. I know these words individually, but what do they mean together?
1. Distributed decentralization. This is talked about all over the Internet. Needless to say, in short, there is no longer a need for a central server. Everyone’s data is obtained from this server. Instead, The data is placed on N devices connected to the Internet, and everyone can download and store it.
2. No need to trust the system. Do you trust banks? Because the bank is recognized and established by the state, the blockchain implements a trust method that does not require a third party. N devices on the Internet are used to store data, and everyone can verify the data. As long as more than half of the people think you are right, you are right. No one person or organization can modify more than half of the content on the Internet. You don’t trust others, alwaysIt’s time to believe in your own verification results. If you don’t believe in yourself, congratulations, you are a great philosopher.
3. Non-tampering and encryption security
Blockchain uses a series of technologies, such as SHA256 and RIPEMD160 and other cryptographic algorithms to ensure non-tampering and encryption security. For example, 0101100011101110 represents a Characters, the algorithm requires shifting 4 bits to the left, supplementing with 0, throwing away the 4 bits on the left, and adding 4 0s on the right to get the result. How to deduce the original value based on the result? Of course this is just a simple example.

Ⅱ One article to understand the Internet blockchain

One article to understand the Internet blockchain

One article to understand the Internet blockchain. To understand the blockchain, We have to study the brief history of blockchain technology development starting from the birth of the Internet, discover the motivations for blockchain, and infer the future of blockchain. Let’s understand the Internet blockchain in one article.

Understand the Internet blockchain in one article 1

The originator of blockchain is mahjong, and the earliest blockchain was invented by the Chinese! The blockchain is just like Mahjong, except that Mahjong has fewer blocks. Mahjong only has 136 blocks. The rules of Mahjong vary from place to place and can be regarded as a hard fork of Bitcoin.

As the oldest blockchain project, Mahjong has a group of four miners. The first one to dig out the 13 correct hash values ​​will get the accounting rights and rewards. It adopts the method of being willing to admit defeat and not cheating. Thousands of consensus mechanisms!

Mahjong is decentralized, everyone can be the banker, and it is completely peer-to-peer.

Mining pool = commission from the boss of the chess and card room.

It cannot be tampered with, because convincing the other three people requires too much computing power and physical strength.

A typical value Internet. The value in my pocket didn't last eight rounds before it went into their pockets.

The Chinese are basically good at playing mahjong. In terms of blockchain, they produce 70% to 80% of the world’s mining machines and have the most computing power in the world, accounting for about 77% of the computing power.

Mahjong is actually the earliest blockchain project:

1. A group of four miners. The miner who first collides with the correct hash value of 13 numbers can obtain the accounting rights. and get rewarded.

2. It cannot be tampered with. Because convincing the other three people requires too much computing power and physical strength.

3. Typical value Internet. The valuable digital currency www.gendan5.com/digitalcurrency/btc.html in my pocket ran into their pockets after eight rounds.

4. Decentralization, everyone can be a banker, it is completely peer-to-peer.

5. UTXO, unspent transaction expenses.

There is anotherAnother kind of credit blockchain gameplay, assuming that everyone has no cash

If we look closely, when everyone reaches a consensus, we can't see any intermediary or third party coming out to judge whether C wins, and everyone gives C The rewards do not need to be transferred to C through a third party. They are all direct peer-to-peer transactions. This process is decentralized. Players (miners) each record the results of the first game. With Jia Dongfeng, a complete block was generated after the record was completed, but remember, this is only the first game. In the entire blockchain, this is just a node. The 8 games mentioned at the beginning have been played. , that is, 8 nodes (blocks). The 8 blocks are connected together to form a complete ledger, which is the blockchain. Because everyone has one of this ledger, it is a distributed ledger. The purpose is to prevent someone from tampering with the record. At the end of the game, it is clear who wins and who loses.

Four men (A, B, C, and D) got together to play mahjong for money. None of them brought any cash, so they asked a beautiful woman (centralized) to keep a book and record who won how much money in each round. , Who lost how much? At the end of the day, everyone uses Alipay or WeChat to pay and settle the ledger. However, if this beauty made a mistake in accounting or was bribed by one of the four people in advance to make a mistake on purpose, there is no guarantee that the outcome of this game will be fair, just, and reasonable. ,dont you agree? then what should we do? If you "play mahjong", you can use "blockchain" as the game rules and adapt it as follows:

Four men (A, B, C and D) got together to play mahjong for money. No one brought any cash. B said Let the beauty she brought keep accounts. A said that none of us knew this beauty, so the four of them, A, B, C, and D, agreed that everyone would keep accounts at the same time (decentralized) on their mobile phones (blockchain nodes) for each game. ), after finally playing mahjong and paying with electronic money directly on the mobile phone, everyone checked the accounting results. The accounting results should have been the same.

Assume that the original result is the account recorded on A’s mobile phone: B owes A 10 yuan. However, the record on B's mobile phone shows that there is no debt, but the other two people (C and D) have the same accounting as A, so the settlement is still based on the majority rule. In addition, everyone has a bad impression of B's ​​integrity. Next The first time I play mahjong, I won’t take B to play with me.

Unless B bribes two people (C and D) in advance to deliberately cheat, but the cost of B bribes them is 100,000 yuan (10,000 times the default of 10 yuan), then in common sense, B only You can choose to give up because the cost of counterfeiting is too high.

Assume that even if B is secretly willing to pay a high price of 100,000 yuan to buy C and D to do this silly cat transaction with huge losses during the card game, the rules of the blockchain are to keep accounts based on timestamps. Yes, it turns out that B owed A 10 yuan when debiting the account at 1 p.m., that is, when C and D changed the account at 3 p.m., time is irreversible and they can only record 3 p.m., which does not comply with the rules of the game. .

In fact, in 2017 the blogger had developed a set of Mahjong coins

China’s earliest blockchain projectObjective: A group of four miners. The miner who first collides with the correct hash value of 14 numbers from 148 random numbers can obtain an accounting right incentive. Since distributed accounting requires the consensus of several other miners, Therefore, each accounting transaction takes about ten minutes.

Understanding the Internet Blockchain in One Article 2

1. Before the birth of Bitcoin, 5 Internet technologies that will have a significant impact on the future of the blockchain

In 1969, the Internet was born in the United States. Since then, the Internet has expanded from four research institutions in the United States to the entire planet. In terms of application, it has expanded from the earliest military and scientific research to all aspects of human life. In the nearly 50 years since the birth of the Internet, five technologies have been of particularly great significance to the future development of blockchain.

1. The TCP/IP protocol born in 1974: determines the position of blockchain in the Internet technology ecosystem

In 1974, the most critical step in the development of the Internet was taken by The TCP/IP protocol, the core communication technology of the Internet jointly developed by American scientists Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, was officially launched.

This protocol enables the transmission of information between different computers and even different types of networks. All computers connected to the network can communicate and interact as long as they comply with this protocol.

In layman's terms, Internet data can travel tens of thousands of kilometers to reach the computer users who need it. This is mainly because the Internet world has formed a unified information dissemination mechanism. That is to say, Internet devices follow a unified law-TCP/IP protocol when disseminating information.

Understanding the TCP/IP protocol is of great significance to mastering the Internet and blockchain. After the invention of TCP/IP in 1974, the entire Internet was between the underlying hardware devices, the intermediate network protocols and the network Addresses have always been relatively stable, but an endless stream of innovative applications are emerging at the top application layer, including news, e-commerce, social networks, QQ, WeChat, and blockchain technology.

In other words, in the technical ecology of the Internet, blockchain is a new technology at the top layer of the Internet - the application layer. Its emergence, operation and development have not affected the underlying infrastructure and communication protocols of the Internet. , is still one of the many software technologies that operates according to the TCP/IP protocol.

2. Cisco router technology born in 1984: an imitation of blockchain technology

In December 1984, Cisco was established in the United States. The founder was a professor from Stanford University. A couple, Leonard Posak, director of the computer center, and Sandy Lerner, director of the business school's computer center, designed a networking device called a "multiprotocol router" that was placed on the Internet's communication lines to help data Get from one end of the Internet to the other thousands of kilometers away accurately and quickly.

In the entire Internet hardware layer, tens of millions of routers are busy working and commandingFor the transmission of Internet information, an important function of Cisco routers is that each router saves a completed Internet device address table. Once a change occurs, it will be synchronized to tens of millions of other routers (theoretically) to ensure that each router can calculate The shortest and fastest path.

When you see the operation process of the router, you will feel very familiar. That is the important feature of the blockchain later. The significance of understanding the router lies in the important features of the blockchain. It has been implemented on the router in 1984. For the router, even if the node device is damaged or attacked by hackers, it will not affect the transmission of the entire Internet information.

3. The B/S (C/S) architecture that was born with the World Wide Web: the opponent of the blockchain and the target of attempted subversion

The World Wide Web is referred to as the Web and is divided into Web clients and server. All updated information is only modified on the Web server. Thousands, tens of thousands, or even tens of millions of other client computers do not retain the information and only obtain the information data when accessing the server. This structure is also often referred to as the Internet B/S architecture is a centralized architecture. This architecture is also the most important architecture of the current Internet. Internet giants such as Google, Facebook, Tencent, Alibaba, and Amazon have all adopted this architecture.

Understanding the B/S architecture will be of great significance to the subsequent understanding of blockchain technology. The B/S architecture is that data is only stored in the central server, and all other computers obtain information from the server. Blockchain technology has tens of millions of computers without a center, and all data will be synchronized to all computers. This is the core of blockchain technology.

4. Peer-to-Peer Network (P2P): Blockchain The father of the chain and its technical basis

Peer-to-peer network P2P is another Internet infrastructure corresponding to C/S (B/S). Its characteristic is that multiple computers connected to each other are connected to each other. In a peer-to-peer position, there is no distinction between master and slave. A computer can be used as a server, setting shared resources for use by other computers in the network, and as a workstation.

Napster is one of the earliest P2P systems, mainly used for music resource sharing. Napster cannot be regarded as a true peer-to-peer network system. On March 14, 2000, a message was posted on the mailing list of the underground hacker site Slashdot in the United States, saying that AOL's Nullsoft department had released Gnutella, an open source Napster clone software.

In the Gnutella distributed peer-to-peer network model, each networked computer is functionally peer, serving as both a client and a server, so Gnutella is called the first true peer-to-peer network model. Network Architecture.

In the past 20 years, some Internet technology giants such as Microsoft and IBM have also included liberals, hackers, and even intellectual property infringers.Criminals continue to promote the development of peer-to-peer networks, and of course idealists on the Internet who want to enhance information sharing have also invested a lot of enthusiasm in peer-to-peer networks. Blockchain is a software application based on a peer-to-peer network architecture. It is a benchmark application for peer-to-peer networks trying to break out from the silence of the past.

5. Hash algorithm: the key to generating Bitcoin and tokens (tokens)

The hash algorithm converts numbers of any length into fixed-length values ​​using a hash function. Algorithms, famous hash functions such as: MD4, MD5, SHS, etc. It is a member of the family of cryptographic functions defined by the American National Institute of Standards and Technology.

This family of algorithms is crucial to the functioning of the entire world. From Internet application stores, emails, anti-virus software, to browsers, etc., all of them are using secure hashing algorithms. It can determine whether Internet users have downloaded what they want, and it can also determine whether Internet users are involved in man-in-the-middle attacks or network attacks. Victim of a phishing attack.

The process of blockchain and its application to generate new coins from Bitcoin or other virtual currencies is to use the function of the hash algorithm to perform operations to obtain numbers that meet the format requirements, and then the blockchain program gives Bitcoin rewards.

Mining, including Bitcoin and tokens, is actually a small mathematical game built with a hash algorithm. However, because of the fierce competition, people all over the world used powerful servers to perform calculations in order to get the rewards first. As a result, many computers on the Internet participated in this little mathematical game, which even consumed more than 40% of the electricity in some countries.

2. The birth and technical core of blockchain

The birth of blockchain should be the most unusual and mysterious invention and technology in the history of human science, because in addition to blockchain, to So far, there is no major invention in the history of modern science whose inventor cannot be found.

On October 31, 2008, Bitcoin founder Satoshi Nakamoto (pseudonym) published a paper on the cryptography mailing group - "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System". In this paper, the author claims to have invented a new electronic currency system that is not controlled by governments or institutions. Blockchain technology is the basis for supporting the operation of Bitcoin.

The preprint address of the paper is at http://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf. From an academic point of view, this paper is far from a qualified paper. The main body of the article is composed of 8 flow charts. It is composed of corresponding explanatory text, no nouns and terms are defined, and the format of the paper is also very irregular.

In January 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto released an application case of blockchain on the SourceForge website - the open source software of the Bitcoin system. After the release of the open source software, it is said that Satoshi Nakamoto mined approximately 1 million bits. Coin. A week later, Satoshi Nakamoto sent 10 Bitcoins to cryptography expert Hal Finney, which became the first transaction in Bitcoin history. AccompanyWith the vigorous development of Bitcoin, research on blockchain technology has also begun to show explosive growth.

It is indeed difficult to fully and clearly explain the blockchain to the public. We use Bitcoin as the object to introduce the technical characteristics of the blockchain as simply as possible but in depth.

1. Blockchain is a peer-to-peer network (P2P) software application

As we mentioned before, at the beginning of the 21st century, the Internet formed two major types of applications. Architecture, centralized B/S architecture and non-centered peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture. Many Internet giants such as Alibaba, Sina, Amazon, etc. all have centralized B/S architecture. Simply put, it is data Put it in a giant server, and our ordinary users can access the servers of Alibaba, Sina and other websites through mobile phones and personal computers.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, there have been many software applications for freely sharing music, videos, and paper materials. Most of them use a peer-to-peer network (P2P) architecture, that is, there is no central server, everyone's personal computer They are all servers and clients, with equal status. However, this type of application has never become popular. The main reasons are large resource consumption and intellectual copyright issues. Blockchain is a software application in this field.

2. Blockchain is a peer-to-peer network (P2P) software application that synchronizes information across the entire network

Peer-to-peer networks also have many application methods. In many cases, everyone is not required to Each computer keeps the same information. Everyone only stores the information they need, and downloads it to other computers when needed.

However, in order to support Bitcoin financial transactions, the blockchain requires that every transaction that occurs must be written into historical transaction records and change information be sent to all computers with Bitcoin programs installed. Every computer with Bitcoin software installed maintains the latest and complete Bitcoin historical transaction information.

The characteristics of blockchain's network-wide synchronization and network-wide backup are often referred to as blockchain information security, and the source cannot be changed. Although it is still not absolutely safe in practice, when the number of users is very large, it does have certain security advantages in preventing information tampering.

3. Blockchain is a peer-to-peer (P2P) software application that uses a hash algorithm to generate "tokens" to synchronize information across the entire network

Area The first application of the blockchain was the famous Bitcoin. When discussing Bitcoin, a term that is often mentioned is "mining". So what exactly is mining?

The metaphor is that the blockchain program gives the miners (players) 256 coins, numbered 1, 2, 3...256. Each time a Hash operation is performed, it is like tossing a coin. 256 coins are thrown at the same time. After landing, if all the coins with the first 70 numbers happen to be heads. The miner can tell the blockchain program this number, and the blockchain will reward the miner with 50 Bitcoins.

From the perspective of a software program, Bitcoin mining is a mathematical game built using the hash SHA256 function. The blockchain first stipulates a winning mode in this small game: a 256-bit hash number is given, but the last 70 bits of the hash number are all 0, and then the player (miner) continuously enters various numbers. Give the hash SHA256 function and see if you can use this function to get a number with 70 zeros. If you find one, the blockchain program will reward the player with 50 Bitcoins. Actual mining and rewards are more complex, but the above example expresses the core process of mining and obtaining Bitcoin.

When Bitcoin was born in 2009, each bounty was 50 Bitcoins. Ten minutes after its birth, the first batch of 50 Bitcoins was generated, and the total currency amount at this time was 50. Subsequently, Bitcoin increased at a rate of about 50 every 10 minutes. When the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the bounty is halved to 25. When the total amount reaches 15.75 million (new output is 5.25 million, which is 50% of 1050), the bounty is further halved to 12.5. According to the design of the Bitcoin program, the total number of Bitcoins is 21 million.

From the above introduction, Bitcoin can be seen as a guessing game based on a peer-to-peer network architecture. The Bitcoin information rewarded for each correct guess will be transmitted to all players and recorded. into each player's history database.

4. Smart contracts, tokens, ICOs and blockchain basic platforms generated by blockchain technology due to the rise of Bitcoin

From the above introduction, Bitcoin technology It is not a new technology falling from the sky, but a clever combination of various original Internet technologies, such as peer-to-peer network architecture, network-wide synchronization of routing, and network security encryption technology. It can be regarded as a combination of innovative algorithm games. .

Because Bitcoin can be exchanged for legal currency, purchased in kind, and made huge profits through appreciation, the whole world is not calm. With the attitude that if you can do it, I can do it, many people have created their own imitation Bitcoin software applications. At the same time, taking advantage of the difficulty for the government to regulate peer-to-peer networks, various altcoins exploded together with Bitcoin. There have been many incidents of fraud and absconding, which have gradually attracted the attention of governments around the world.

Blockchain basic platform: It is still quite technically difficult to create currency using the blockchain technology framework. At this time, basic technology platforms such as Ethereum, the blockchain basic platform, have emerged, making it convenient for ordinary people. Create a "Bitcoin"-like software program, each showing its magical powers, inviting people to join the game to mine coins, speculate on coins, and gain profits from it.

Pass or token: If each "Bitcoin" or "Altcoin" uses a hash algorithm to create a guessing game and generates its own "currency", this "currency" is collectively referred to as " "Certificate" or "Token".

ICO: Since Bitcoin and Ethereum have opened up exchanges with legal currencies in various countries, when other new virtual currencies are issued, only Bitcoin and Ethereum are allowed to be used.Ethereum buys new coins issued. This process of issuing coins is called ICO. The emergence of ICO has amplified the transaction volume of Bitcoin and Ethereum. At the same time, many ICO projects are completely based on nihilistic projects, resulting in a large number of frequent fraud cases. This further deepens society’s negative understanding of virtual currencies generated by blockchain.

Smart contract: It can be seen as a software function on the blockchain. It is a program that assists various virtual currency transactions on the blockchain. The specific function is like the fund custody of Alipay on Taobao. When a user receives goods and confirms them on Alipay, the funds are automatically paid to the buyer and owner. Smart contracts also assume this intermediary payment function in blockchain applications such as Bitcoin.

3. The historical status and future prospects of blockchain technology in the Internet

1. Where does blockchain stand in Internet technology? It is a new software and architecture at the top level.

We mentioned in the previous introduction to TCP/IP that blockchain, like browsers, QQ, WeChat, online game software, mobile APPs, etc., is a software form of the top layer of the Internet - the application layer. . Its operation still relies on the TCP/IP architecture system to transmit data. But unlike most application layer software, it does not adopt the central software architecture of C/S (B/S). Instead, an unusual peer-to-peer network architecture is adopted. From this point of view, blockchain cannot subvert the Internet infrastructure.

2. Who does blockchain want to subvert? Want to subvert the B/S (C/S) structure of the World Wide Web.

It attempts to subvert the B/S, C/S structure of the World Wide Web, which was born in 1989. Said before. Since 1989, European physicist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web and gave up applying for a patent. In the past nearly 30 years, companies including Google, Amazon, Facebook, Alibaba, Internet, Tencent and other companies have used the B/S (C/S) structure of the World Wide Web to grow into Internet giants.

In their headquarters, a powerful central server cluster was established to store massive amounts of data. Hundreds of millions of users obtained the data they needed from the giant servers. This also led to the emergence of cloud computing, and then the Internet giants Open up your unused central server resources to further absorb data from enterprises, governments, and individuals. Centralized Internet giants have an increasing influence on the world, countries, and Internet users.

The goal of blockchain is to try to reduce the influence of Internet giants by distributing data to each Internet user’s computer. It can be seen that the real opponent of blockchain and what it wants to subvert is the 1990 The B/S (C/S) structure born in 2007. But whether it can be subverted depends on its technical advantages and bottlenecks.

3. Technical flaws of blockchain: dilemmas caused by the pursuit of complete equality and freedom

The technical flaws of blockchain first come from its peer-to-peer network architecture. For example For example, Taobao currently has a B/S structure.A large amount of data is stored in the Taobao server cluster computer room. Hundreds of millions of consumers go to the Taobao server website through their browsers to obtain the latest information and historical information.

If blockchain technology is used, hundreds of millions of people will retain a complete Taobao database on their personal computers or mobile phones. Every time a transaction occurs, it will be synchronized to hundreds of millions of other users. This is completely unachievable in reality. The amount of data transferred and stored is too large. It is equivalent to setting up and running hundreds of millions of Taobao websites at the same time.

Therefore, blockchain cannot be applied to projects with large amounts of data, and even smaller website projects will have difficulty using blockchain. By 2018, Bitcoin had been running for nearly 10 years, and the accumulated transaction data had brought the entire system to collapse.

So the blockchain has adopted many alternative methods, such as establishing relay nodes and lightning nodes. These two concepts can also make people confused. In layman's terms, the blockchain will ask it for The subversive object B/S structure has been studied, and a data server center has been established to become the relay node of the blockchain, which can also be accessed with a browser-like terminal. This is the lightning node of the blockchain.

This change can alleviate the technical shortcomings of the blockchain, but it does make the blockchain what it opposes, centralization. It can be seen that pure blockchain technology has major flaws due to its technical characteristics and cannot be widely used like the World Wide Web. If the technology is upgraded and some parts adopt a B/S (C/S) structure, the blockchain will become centralized. The information node no longer maintains the dream when it was born.

4. Looking at the future prospects of blockchain from the Internet brain model

We know that the Internet generally refers to the Internet that connects computer networks around the world. On this basis The development of a global Internet network covering the whole world is called the Internet, which is a network structure that is interconnected.

Since the birth of the Internet in 1969, humans have innovated in the Internet field from different directions, and there is no unified plan to build the Internet into a structure. When the wheel of time reaches 2017, with the advent of artificial intelligence, With the vigorous development of science and technology such as the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, robots, virtual reality, and the industrial Internet, when humans look up to see the giant systems they have created, the model and architecture of the Internet brain have become increasingly clear.

Through nearly 20 years of development, relying on the B/S and C/S structures of the World Wide Web, Tencent QQ, WeChat, Facebook, Weibo, and Twitter Amazon have developed structures similar to neuron networks. Internet devices, especially personal computers and mobile phones, map personal data and functional space on the giant's central server through the software on the device, allowing them to add friends, communicate and transfer information. Internet giants continue to optimize the software versions of hundreds of millions of terminals through software upgrades in central server clusters. In the neurological system, this is a standard central nervous system structure.

The birth of blockchain provides another neuron modelInstead of uniformly managing neurons in the centralized services of giants, each terminal, including personal computers and personal mobile phones, becomes an independent neuron node, retains an independent data space, and synchronizes information with each other. In the neurological system, This is a distributed neural structure with no center and multiple neural nodes.

Interestingly, these two different types of neural structures appear in the development of the nervous system. In lower organisms, blockchain-like neural structures have appeared. There are multiple ganglia with the same functions, all of which can command body activities and reactions. However, as organisms evolve, these ganglia gradually merge. When they evolve into higher In biology, the central nervous system appeared, which contains a large number of neurons that interact with each other.

4. Judgment on the future status of blockchain in the Internet

1. Understanding of Bitcoin: a guessing game based on peer-to-peer network architecture (P2P), Through clever financial and public opinion operations, it has become a "world currency" that is not subject to government supervision.

2. Understanding of blockchain: a peer-to-peer (P2P) software application that uses hashing algorithms to generate "tokens" to synchronize information across the entire network.

3. Blockchain has specific uses, such as large-scale election voting, large-scale gambling, financial transactions that circumvent government financial supervision, etc. It still has irreplaceable uses.

4. In more cases, blockchain technology will rely on the B/S and C/S structures of the Internet to achieve functional expansion, but overall it is still a supplement to the existing technology of the Internet. Most of the application scenarios currently envisaged by blockchain can be implemented using B/S and C/S structures, with higher efficiency and more mature technology.

5. Whether from the perspective of information transmission efficiency and resource consumption, or from the evolution of the nervous system, blockchain cannot become the mainstream architecture of the Internet, let alone a subversive and revolutionary leader of the future Internet.

6. Of course, Internet giants developed with B/S and C/S structures also have their problems, but these can be gradually solved through commercial and political methods in the future.

Ⅲ In the 3.0 era of blockchain, how to play the blockchain app

If Bitcoin represents the blockchain version 1.0, it proves to the world that digital currency can be realized . Then Ethereum represents the 2.0 version of the blockchain, letting everyone know more about how to play the blockchain, decentralized applications and smart contracts. In 2018, blockchain will enter the 3.0 stage. Applications and scenarios will be the core of blockchain. Applications based on blockchain will spring up in various industries. This will be the last stage of blockchain development. early bonus period. The demand for talents driven by the application of blockchain technology has been increasing. Blockchain technology talents have become an upstart profession, highly competitive, and also have enviable high salaries.

More and more large companies are entering the blockchain industry, and Du Feng is striving to become a leader in this field.A “leader” in an emerging field. Among them, Alibaba, SF Express, JD.com, etc. have all hired technical talents in the blockchain field with high salaries. In this information age with the Internet as the core, the competition among large companies is ultimately the competition for talents. Especially when the emerging blockchain technology is first emerging, blockchain technology talents are “in hot demand” whether at home or abroad. As a "young" technology, the main force for future development is bound to be young people. However, many current practitioners in the blockchain industry are self-taught and have no systematic professional knowledge training, or are just cryptography, programming, and the Internet. Technical and other unilateral talents. Blockchain technology values ​​​​more complex talents with multiple technologies. In the future, with the maturity of the application of blockchain technology, talented people will become more popular to "recharge" themselves and devote themselves to the blockchain. Be prepared for the heat. In addition to participating in blockchain development work, what else can help you catch up with the blockchain train? Investing in blockchain projects is obviously another approach. So how to judge whether a project is a real blockchain or a fake blockchain?

Is the cost of confirming the authenticity of information in this field very high? For example, there is a Christian coin project, which uses the blockchain to record the time people read the Bible, and then issues Christian coins to these people. Let’s not discuss it for now. Is it meaningful to count the time people spend reading the Bible? Even if it is meaningful, this can be solved using other models. For example, when checking in in a WeChat QQ group, why should we develop a blockchain smart contract and imitate the blockchain? I'm afraid I'm just cutting leeks to keep warm. So what are the areas where it is difficult to confirm the authenticity of information? The most typical one is finance. There is a large amount of information asymmetry in financial markets, which makes the market full of uncertainty. For example, when transferring money, you won't know until the bank tells you that it has arrived. Now blockchain technology can solve such problems better and faster. Similar information confirmation issues such as market data, credit, contracts, etc.

Whether a meaningful large-scale consensus is formed: One of the outstanding advantages of the blockchain is that it can effectively form a large-scale consensus through public ledger accounting and notification to the entire network. Nowadays, for many projects, there is no need to form a network-wide consensus. Some are just for crowdfunding and issuing tokens. The blockchain consensus of the project is meaningless. Does this model have a network effect? ​​The network effect means that a project will become more valuable as the number of project users increases, because the value of the project does not lie in the users themselves, but in the connection network between users. Bitcoin is a classic example. The more user nodes there are, the links between nodes will grow exponentially, and the entire Bitcoin ecosystem will be more valuable.

Of course, in addition to these points, there are many basic principles for judging projects, such as effective incentive mechanisms, strong teams, project solutions to pain points, etc.

IV How to publish blockchain news on LianToutiao

It is a blockchain news website with a very large number of visits in China. The requirements for publishing news are relatively strict. There are the following two There are three ways to publish articles:
1. ProvidedSubmission email can be used to send emails, which will be reviewed by a dedicated person.
2. Become a columnist and you can publish articles anytime and anywhere.

IV After reading this article, you will have a thorough understanding of the blockchain

In this article, all the content I introduced is about the blockchain in today’s world. The fact that the blockchain field has already happened is not some imagination or opinions about the blockchain. I think that as long as you read this article carefully, you will easily have a basic and accurate understanding of blockchain.

The main content of understanding blockchain in just ten minutes is divided into four sections. 21 topics and 4 sections are:

The first national blockchain strategy.

Second, Bitcoin and its literal representation involve four topics.

Third, blockchain and its technical logic involve 13 topics.

Fourth, blockchain empowers the economy and society, involving three topics.

Let’s first look at the first part of the blockchain national strategy, the first part of the blockchain country. Everyone knows that we humans have experienced six information revolutions. Seven or eight years ago, the first information revolution created primitive language, social tacit understanding, and the second information revolution saw the emergence of writing. The third information revolution in feudal society invented papermaking and printing, and the fourth information revolution in the late 19th century invented radio.

In the fifth information revolution of the 20th century, television appeared again, and now in the sixth information revolution, computers and the Internet have appeared. The emergence of computers and the Internet has given rise to the rapid development of various new technologies. Especially in 2020, the digital economy has experienced epoch-making development.

Why do you say that? The characteristics of high bandwidth, low latency and large connections in the 5G era have enabled the implementation of the four major technologies of ABCD.

What are the four major ABCD technologies

The a here refers to Artificial Intelligence, which is artificial intelligence technology.

B refers to Blockchain, blockchain technology.

C refers to cloud computing cloud computing technology

D refers to big data technology.

The word blockchain is now completely popular all over the country. On October 25, 2019, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China announced the development of blockchain technology. The current situation has been collectively studied, so the requirement of this meeting is to use blockchain technologyas core technology.

As an important breakthrough for independent innovation, it is necessary to accelerate the innovative development of blockchain technology and industry. On April 20, 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission officially included blockchain into new infrastructure. Blockchain, why do you think it is so awesome? Let us say that blockchain is not an extension of the Internet, it is a subversion of the Internet. In the future, many, many technologies will grow on this blockchain and realize blockchainization.

So, how can we accurately learn and understand the blockchain?

We found that among the four major technologies of ABCD, only the block is naturally built-in It's financial. Therefore, we must learn and understand blockchain from the IT perspective and the financial perspective, and even learn and understand blockchain from the level of national governance. If you only study and understand blockchain from an IT perspective, it is impossible to understand the huge influence and influence of this technology. Then, your understanding of this will be biased. Even more, you may disapprove of blockchain technology. In addition, in the process of learning about blockchain, you should also pay attention to the fact that it has many new terms, so you need to concentrate on understanding it step by step.

Let’s first understand blockchain from a financial perspective.

Bitcoin and its birth performance

To understand the blockchain, it involves Bitcoin, and what about the birth of Bitcoin? , and it is inseparable from the evolution of currency. We know that currency is a special commodity that is separated from commodities and serves as a fixed general equivalent. In fact, we humans have used a lot of currencies, including physical currency, weighing currency, paper money, accounting currency, etc. As for accounting currency, it includes electronic currency and digital currency. Electronic currency itself is not a currency. It is just used to represent the same amount of currency. It is a token.

Then the total amount of his tokens will not increase due to the increase of electronic currency. Alipay, WeChat, payment, and online banking are typical electronic currencies. As for digital currency, it is itself a legal currency. The total amount of this fiat currency will increase with the increase of digital currency. We know that when it comes to physical currency, we humans have actually chosen many things as general equivalents.

Weighing currencies are some heavy metals. Later, people chose gold among the heavy metals. Why choose gold? Because gold has the characteristics of rarity, divisibility, and the most stable chemical properties. What needs to be noted here is gold. It is not issued by any country. It is provided by nature. of.Your country's total amount is as much as nature provides. Therefore, the country does not need to provide credit guarantees for the value of gold.

However, as for gold, it has some flaws in its use, and it is difficult to carry when you go out again, so there are descendants. Paper money appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty. At that time, paper money was not currency in the current sense. The currency at that time was still gold, but we used paper money to represent gold. We called it the gold standard. The gold standard is the gold standard, which is a monetary system with gold as the standard currency. The core essence of the gold standard is that how much currency a country issues should be decided based on how much gold your country has. It does not mean you can issue as much currency as you want.

At that time, the Great Depression of the United States reached January 10, 1934. On this day, the newly elected President of the United States made a very important decision to abandon the gold standard and issue 3 billion US dollars. Think about it, abandoning the gold standard, in theory, means that he can issue as much currency as he wants. Even if there is no gold in the treasury, he can issue banknotes as long as he wants to. Then someone will ask, if you issue so many words, can you still exchange them for gold of equal value?

Look at the banknotes at this time, they have been separated from gold, and national credit has emerged. , this, we call it currency guaranteed by national credit. Now, when mainstream countries issue currency, they also issue it with national credit as a guarantee.

What are the benefits? The advantage is that it can regulate the economy. When the economy is not doing well, a little more hair can drive economic development. The increase or decrease in this variable will cause a chain reaction of the entire economic aggregate. This is the multiplier effect in economics. Once a country masters this thing, some countries will be fascinated by it. But if it is not well controlled, it will lead to national credit bankruptcy. As a result, many people began to reflect. This reflection is, when issuing currency, is it better to use national credit as a guarantee, or is it better to stick to the gold standard based on the total amount of gold. This question involves the birth of Bitcoin