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⑴ What is blockchain technology? What are the core components of blockchain technology?

What is blockchain technology? What are the core components of blockchain technology?

What is blockchain technology:
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. The blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
The core components of blockchain technology:
Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it proposes four technological innovations to address this issue:
The first one is called distribution A type of ledger means that transaction accounting is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they can all participate in supervising the legality of the transaction and can also jointly testify for it.
Different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of blockchain distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. Traditional distributed storage generally divides data into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and of equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure storage consistency, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node. [8]
No node can record ledger data independently, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to record false accounts. Also because there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically speaking, the accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thereby ensuring the security of the accounting data.
The second one is called asymmetric encryption and authorization technology. The transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but the account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with the authorization of the data owner. This ensures data security and personal privacy.
The third one is called the consensus mechanism, which is how all accounting nodes reach a consensus to determine the validity of a record. This is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and strike a balance between efficiency and security.
The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal". "The minority obeys the majority" does not entirely refer to the number of nodes, but can also be computing power, the number of shares, or other factors. computerFeature quantities that can be compared. "Everyone is equal" means that when a node meets the conditions, all nodes have the right to give priority to the consensus result, which will be directly recognized by other nodes and may eventually become the final consensus result. [8]
Taking Bitcoin as an example, it uses proof of work. Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the entire network are controlled, it is possible to forge a non-existent record. When there are enough nodes joining the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.
The last technical feature is called smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data and can automatically execute some predefined rules and terms. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information (including medical information and risk occurrence information) is true and trustworthy, it will be easy to automate claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.
In the daily business of insurance companies, although transactions are not as frequent as those in the banking and securities industries, the reliance on trusted data continues unabated. Therefore, the author believes that using blockchain technology from the perspective of data management can effectively help insurance companies improve their risk management capabilities. Specifically speaking, it is mainly divided into risk management of policyholders and risk supervision of insurance companies.

What is the core layer of blockchain technology?

Chongqing Jinwowo Analysis: The consensus mechanism is the core of blockchain technology. The consensus mechanism largely determines the degree of mutual trust between nodes in the entire blockchain system, and also determines other users’ views on the blockchain. The degree of trust in online data

What is the core component of blockchain technology?

Analysis by Chongqing Jinwowo: Blockchain technology consists of three core technologies: consensus mechanism, common defense mechanism, and distributed storage.
The three core technologies are supported by machine trust, that is, through the support of network technology, breakthroughs in difficult problems such as point-to-point transaction, decentralization, non-tampering of recorded information, irreversible transactions, and information encryption are achieved through network technology support.

What are the advantages of blockchain technology? Classification of blockchain technology?

The development of blockchain technology is becoming more and more prosperous with the continuous expansion of applications. This powerful development force coming from the needs of various industries has caused rapid changes in blockchain technology, allowing various industries to achieve great results. The results are attracting more and more attention, and professional technologies and resources are constantly concentrated in this industry, thus bringing the development of blockchain technology to a new stage, and the impact of this development of blockchain technology has also much attention.
When talking about blockchain technology, Bitcoin has to be mentioned. Many people know that the electronic currency Bitcoin does not rely on the issuance of a specific monetary institution, but is generated through a large number of calculations by a specific algorithm. In fact, the core that truly supports Bitcoin is blockchain technology.
How does the invisible and intangible Bitcoin operate through blockchain technology? The interpretation circulated in the industry is that blockchain can be regarded as a way to collectively maintain reliable data through "decentralization" and "trustlessness".Technical solutions for the library. In layman’s terms, this technology can be understood as a technology in which everyone participates in accounting. In the past, people used centralized servers to keep accounts, but in the blockchain technology system, everyone can participate in accounting and jointly identify Authenticity of records.
"Through this technology, even if there is no neutral third-party organization, two parties that do not trust each other can achieve cooperation. In short, the blockchain is like a 'machine that creates trust.'" Bubi Company It is a leading blockchain service provider in China and has made many breakthroughs in the blockchain technology platform. It can meet scenarios with tens of millions of users and has the ability to quickly build upper-layer application businesses.
The blockchain technology used by all parties involved in recording and storing information adopts a decentralized distributed structure, which saves a lot of intermediary costs and can better ensure data security; at the same time, it has a time stamp that cannot be tampered with. It can effectively solve problems such as data tracking and information anti-counterfeiting.
Will it become the next trend of Internet finance?
Although blockchain emerged with Bitcoin, the derived value of this technology has transcended digital currency. Bubi Blockchain focuses on the innovation of blockchain technology and products. It already possesses a number of core technologies and has developed its own blockchain service platform. With decentralized trust as the core, we are committed to building an open value circulation network to allow digital assets to flow freely. What Bubi wants to do is to create a new technology and product - to realize real value circulation and bring the Internet to a new level. With the application of this technology, there will be no central organization when transferring assets, and direct transfer of assets between us can be achieved.
In the current international financial market, the U.S. Central Bank, Swiss Bank, and some insurance and futures companies are all competing to develop blockchain technology. Fang Liang introduced that in the Internet financial industry, blockchain technology will first affect financial infrastructure such as payment systems, securities settlement systems, and transaction databases; later, the technology will also expand to general financial services, such as credit systems and "anti-money laundering" "wait.
"The payment and clearing system in the financial field will evolve towards decentralization. The electronic ledger supported by blockchain technology is a reliable system that is error-free and cannot be tampered with. It has various functions for payment, clearing, transaction, confirmation of rights, etc. A profound impact," Li Yan said.
Therefore, industry insiders believe that blockchain technology may be the next trend in the Internet financial industry. As the interconnection of all things deepens, Yang Tao, assistant director of the Institute of Finance, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, also said that blockchain will make it possible for all individuals to become important nodes in the allocation of financial resources, and will also promote the improvement of existing financial system rules. Build a shared and win-win financial development ecosystem.
Blockchain technology will affect many industries
"Blockchain technology has been widely used in the era of big data." Li Yan said frankly that in addition to the Internet financial field, blockchain technology has been used in many industries. It has been applied in many fields and has shown great prospects.
For example, medicalThe healthcare industry has benefited greatly from blockchain technology. In reality, patient private information leaks often occur, and centralized database or file cabinet management in medical departments is no longer the optimal choice. Medical institutions are using blockchain technology to keep patients' private information confidential.
In addition, blockchain technology also has important legal implications. In some civil fields, it is often necessary to provide evidence to determine blame, and blockchain technology can record every step and help judicial authorities identify the specific responsible person.
"Especially in the field of assets, whether it is physical assets such as real estate and cars, or intangible assets such as health and reputation, this technology can be used to complete registration, transactions, and tracking. It can be said that any production and life that lacks trust In all fields, blockchain technology will have its place."
The development of blockchain technology has also brought about changes in the operational concepts of various industries. New technologies and new concepts have promoted new developments in various industries. This The impact of this driving force on society and the promotion of economic activities are also huge. Many new industry phenomena will occur one after another, and the public is also waiting and watching, expecting this brand-new technology to be used by various industries and better benefit all industries.

What is blockchain technology? What does blockchain technology mean?

The so-called blockchain technology, also known as distributed ledger technology, is an Internet database technology that is characterized by decentralization. , open and transparent, allowing everyone to participate in database records.
Explained in layman’s terms: If the database is assumed to be a ledger, reading and writing the database can be regarded as a bookkeeping behavior. The principle of blockchain technology is to find out the fastest and best bookkeeping within a period of time. This person will keep accounts, and then send this page of information to everyone else in the entire system. This is equivalent to changing all the records in the database and sending them to every other node in the entire network, so blockchain technology is also called a distributed ledger.

What is the core technology of Jinwowo blockchain technology?

Chongqing Jinwowo analyzes the core technologies of blockchain technology as follows:
Distributed ledger technology, asymmetric encryption technology and smart contracts.

What is the core of Jinwowo blockchain technology?

The core of the blockchain is that it stores all information in an independent personal computer network, making it a decentralized and distributed structure.
This means that the system is not owned by a controlling company or person, but that everyone can use and run the system.

What is the core function of Renren blockchain technology?

I specifically checked the information to answer your question! Renren blockchain service allows users to quickly build their own IT infrastructure and blockchain services on a flexible and open cloud platform. Using BaaS can greatly reduce your cost of implementing the underlying technology of the blockchain, simplify blockchain construction and operation and maintenance work, and at the same time faceScenarios in various industry fields can meet the personalized needs of users and provide one-stop rapid delivery of customized BaaS. Hope to adopt

What is blockchain technology?

Blockchain has been hyped up like crazy, but you know nothing about it!

Blockchain is a distributed database system participated by different nodes and an open ledger system.

It consists of a series of data blocks or data packets generated according to cryptographic methods, that is, blocks. Each block of data information is automatically timestamped, thus Calculate a data encryption value, that is, a hash value (hash).

Blockchain technology is essentially a distributed accounting technology. It allows everyone to have an instantly synchronized ledger in their hands. Every transaction that occurs in the entire network will have thousands of backups and synchronous records. When perpetrators attempt to tamper with ledger data, they must change the ledger in the hands of the majority of people to achieve their goal.

⑵ What is blockchain

What is blockchain? What changes will it bring to your future life?

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of cryptographic methods related to each other. Each data block generated contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

In fact, the original English version of the Bitcoin white paper does not appear in the word blockchain, but uses chain of blocks. In the earliest Chinese translation of the Bitcoin white paper, chain of blocks was translated into blockchain. This is the earliest time when the Chinese word "blockchain" appeared.

The Cyberspace Administration of China issued the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" on January 10, 2019, which will come into effect on February 15, 2019.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-transformable. Fake distributed ledger.

So in conclusion, this is undoubtedly a new technology that changes life. In the future, the production activities of the entire society will be carried out with blockchain as the underlying logic. Many things We all have it at our fingertips, and with the integration of artificial intelligence and big data, we can easily handle things that may seem cumbersome now, such as some securities market transactions and intelligent matching of financial management activities.

In layman’s terms, blockchain is a system that combines people, property, and machines.Integrate things, people, places and goods, and package them into a whole; put it on a network computing center that runs on an infrastructure.

⑶ What is the concept of blockchain? Read it in three minutes!

On October 25, 2019, Xinwen Broadcast sent a very important signal: the country must vigorously develop blockchain. After that, blockchain has become an Internet celebrity, and the figure of "blockchain" is floating in the streets and alleys. In fact, many technology companies have already deployed blockchain technology.

Although blockchain is very popular, many people do not know much about blockchain.

What is blockchain?

Let’s first take a look at how Du Niang explained it. Network display: Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms.

Why is blockchain called blockchain?

The blockchain is linked by blocks one by one, and the blocks are storage units one by one, which record the communication information of each block node. The blocks are much like the records of the database. Writing data every time creates a block. With the expansion of information exchange, one block continues with another, and the result is called a blockchain.

What are the characteristics of blockchain?

Blockchain mainly has the following characteristics:

1. Decentralization: In the blockchain system, every node has equal rights. and obligations, there is no central control here. Decentralization has well established trust relationships with each other. Although there is no central management organization, people can collaborate with each other and trust each other. This mainly applies blockchain distributed ledger technology.

2. Openness: Blockchain data is open to everyone. Except for some encrypted information that is not open, everyone can check the data here.

3. Independence: The entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties. All nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system without any human intervention.

4. Security: Blockchain has a certain degree of security and cannot be tampered with. Because everyone in the blockchain system has the same ledger, if someone wants to tamper with it, it is possible to forge a non-existent record only if they control more than 51% of the accounting nodes. Of course, this is basically impossible. This is mainly due to the core technology of the blockchain: the consensus mechanism. The consensus mechanism has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal".

5. Anonymity: Many people think that if the blockchain is so open and transparent, will we lose privacy? Actually not, although the transaction information in the blockchainThe information is open and transparent, but the identity information of the account is encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization.

Now let me tell you a story to help you better understand the blockchain.

There are three people in the family, mom, dad, older brother and younger brother. Last year, my father was in charge of the family's account books. He was responsible for all the family's income and expenses alone.

However, on the day of Double Eleven, my mother, who has always been frugal, wanted to buy herself a beautiful piece of clothing on a certain online store. When she checked the account book, she found something was wrong. It stands to reason that except for some money deposited in banks and financial management, the whereabouts of the daily consumption money at home are all in this account book, but no matter how you look at it, it is wrong. Some consumption is clearly not recorded, but is recorded.

Later, my father took the initiative to confess that he couldn’t help but buy a pack of cigarettes.

Later, my mother changed her strategy and the whole family kept accounts. Everyone recorded their monthly consumption expenditure in their own account books. Whenever there was a transaction or consumption at home, my mother would shout, "Book it," and everyone would record the transaction in their own books. This is the decentralized accounting model, where everyone is the center and everyone has a ledger.

The previous accounting model for dad was centralized accounting. If dad wanted to do something alone, it would be difficult for anyone to see it. The decentralized accounting model has solved the problem of centralization very well. The disadvantage of bookkeeping is that it is very difficult for dad to tamper with the books.

For example, if dad wants to take some money from the ledger and secretly buy cigarettes, the amount of money is limited, and if he wants to take the money, he has to change the ledger, but he only tampered with his own ledger. No, he had to change the accounts of three people including himself. And this is undoubtedly more difficult than reaching the sky.

So, many times my father had the idea of smoking, but he had no choice but to give up the idea due to the current situation.

Are blockchain and Bitcoin the same thing?

In fact, blockchain and Bitcoin are not the same thing. It is just the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Bitcoin is the first digital currency applied by blockchain.

In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto first proposed the concept of blockchain. In the following years, it became a core component of the electronic currency Bitcoin, serving as a public account book for all transactions. Blockchain was first applied to Bitcoin.

The origin of blockchain is to solve the problem of trust, and one of the most successful applications of blockchain is digital currency. Bitcoin is arguably the most successful application of blockchain so far.

What are the applications of blockchain?

The application of blockchain is actually very wide. In addition to digital currency, the future applications of Bitcoin are still veryVery widely, blockchain technology has been widely used in different industries. Such as product traceability, copyright protection and transactions, payment and settlement, Internet of Things, digital marketing, medical care, etc., promoting different industries to quickly enter the "blockchain+" era.

1. Payment and clearing: Blockchain can abandon the role of transit banks, realize point-to-point payment, reduce transit fees, and accelerate fund utilization.

2. Product traceability: For example, if we buy a piece of clothing on a certain store, we can see the past and present life of this piece of clothing.

3. Securities trading: Traditional securities trading requires the coordination of four major institutions, which is inefficient and costly. Blockchain technology can independently complete one-stop services.

4. Supply chain: Introducing blockchain technology into the supply chain system, synchronizing information within the system can control all links, better complete division of labor and collaboration, and facilitate subsequent accountability.

5. Intellectual property rights: With copyright on the chain, our photographic works, musical works, literary works, etc. will become our information, and the ownership of the information will be confirmed and become our property.

⑷ 108 Essential Knowledge Points for Getting Started with Blockchain

Author: Kong Lin

61. Trapped

Expect the currency price to rise, but unexpectedly the currency price falls after buying; or expect the currency price to fall, but unexpectedly the currency price rises after selling

62. Unwinding

After buying Bitcoin, the currency price fell, causing a temporary book loss, but the currency price rebounded later and the loss turned into profit

63. Going short

After selling Bitcoin because of the bearish market outlook, However, the currency price continued to rise, and I failed to buy in time, so I failed to make profits

64. Overbought

The currency price continued to rise to a certain height, and the buyer's power was basically exhausted. The currency price is about to fall

65. Oversold

The currency price continues to fall to a certain low, the seller's power is basically exhausted, and the currency price is about to rise

66. Lure bulls

The currency price has been consolidating for a long time and is more likely to fall. Most short sellers have sold Bitcoin. Suddenly the short sellers pull up the currency price, inducing many parties to think that the currency price will rise and buy one after another. After the bulls bought Bitcoin, they deliberately suppressed the price of the currency, making the short sellers think that the price of the currency would fall. , were thrown out one after another, and ended up falling into the trap of bulls

68. What is NFT

The full name of NFT is "Non-Fungible Tokens", that is, Non-fungible tokens, simply put, on the blockchainAn indivisible copyright certificate, it is mainly used to confirm and transfer the rights of digital assets. The difference from digital currency is that it is unique and indivisible. In essence, it is a unique digital asset.

69. What is the Metaverse

The Metaverse is a collection of virtual time and space, consisting of a series of augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and the Internet (Internet) Composed of digital currency, which carries the function of value transfer in this world.

70. What is DeFi

DeFi, the full name is Decentralized Finance, which is "decentralized finance" or "distributed finance". "Decentralized finance", as opposed to traditional centralized finance, refers to various financial applications established in open decentralized networks. The goal is to establish a multi-level financial system based on blockchain technology and cryptocurrency. As a basis, re-create and improve the existing financial system

71. Who is Satoshi Nakamoto?

72. Bitcoin is different from Q Coin

Bitcoin is a decentralized digital asset with no issuing entity. Q Coin is an electronic currency issued by Tencent. It is similar to electronic points, but it is not actually a currency. Q Coin requires a centralized issuing institution. Q Coin can only be recognized and used because of the credit endorsement of Tencent. The scope of use is also limited to Tencent's games and services. The value of Q coins is entirely based on people's trust in Tencent.

Bitcoin is not issued through a centralized institution, but it is widely recognized around the world because Bitcoin can self-certify its trust. The issuance and circulation of Bitcoin are jointly accounted for by miners across the entire network, and are not A central authority is also needed to ensure that no one can tamper with the ledger.

73. What is a mining machine?

Taking Bitcoin as an example, a Bitcoin mining machine is a professional equipment that competes for accounting rights by running a large amount of calculations to obtain new Bitcoin rewards. It is generally composed of a mining chip, a heat sink and a fan, and only performs A single calculation program consumes a lot of power. Mining is actually a competition between miners for computing power. Miners with more computing power have a greater probability of mining Bitcoin. As the computing power of the entire network increases, it becomes increasingly difficult to mine bits with traditional equipment (CPU, GPU), and people have developed chips specifically for mining. The chip is the core part of the mining machine. The operation of the chip will generate a large amount of heat. In order to dissipate heat, Bitcoin mining machines are generally equipped with heat sinks and fans. Users download Bitcoin mining software on their computers, use the software to assign tasks to each mining machine, and then start mining. Each currency has a different algorithm and requires different mining machines.

74. What is quantitative trading?

Quantitative trading, sometimes also called automated trading, refers to the use of advanced mathematical models to replace human subjective judgments, which greatlyIt effectively reduces the impact of investor sentiment fluctuations and avoids making irrational investment decisions when the market is extremely fanatical or pessimistic. There are many types of quantitative trading, including cross-platform trading, trend trading, hedging, etc. Cross-platform trading means that when the price difference between different target platforms reaches a certain amount, sell on the platform with a higher price and buy on the platform with a lower price.

75. Blockchain asset over-the-counter trading

Over-the-counter trading is also called OTC trading. Users need to find their own counterparties and do not need to match the transaction. The transaction price is determined by negotiation between the two parties. The two parties can fully communicate through face-to-face negotiation or telephone communication.

76. What is a timestamp?

The blockchain ensures that each block is connected sequentially through timestamps. Timestamps enable every piece of data on the blockchain to have a time stamp. Simply put, timestamps prove when something happened on the blockchain and cannot be tampered with by anyone.

77. What is a blockchain fork?

Upgrading software in a centralized system is very simple, just click "Upgrade" in the app store. However, in decentralized systems such as blockchain, "upgrading" is not that simple, and a disagreement may even cause a blockchain fork. Simply put, a fork refers to a disagreement when the blockchain is "upgraded", resulting in a fork in the blockchain. Because there is no centralized organization, every code upgrade of digital assets such as Bitcoin needs to be unanimously recognized by the Bitcoin community. If the Bitcoin community cannot reach an agreement, the blockchain is likely to form a fork.

78. Soft fork and hard fork

Hard fork means that when the Bitcoin code changes, the old nodes refuse to accept the blocks created by the new nodes. Blocks that do not comply with the original rules will be ignored, and miners will follow the original rules and create new blocks after the last block they verified. A soft fork means that old nodes are not aware of the changes to the Bitcoin code and continue to accept blocks created by new nodes. Miners may work on blocks they have no understanding of, or validation of. Both soft forks and hard forks are "backwards compatible" to ensure that new nodes can verify the blockchain from scratch. Backward compatibility means that new software accepts data or code generated by old software. For example, Windows 10 can run Windows XP applications. Soft forks can also be "forward compatible".

79. Classification and application of blockchain projects

Judging from the current mainstream blockchain projects, blockchain projects mainly fall into four categories: Category 1: Currency; The second category: platform category; the third category: application category; the fourth category: asset tokenization.

80. USDT against the US dollar

USDT is Tether USD, a token launched by Tether that is against the US dollar (USD). 1USDT=1 US dollar, users canUse USDT and USD for 1:1 exchange at any time. Tether implements a 1:1 reserve guarantee system, that is, each USDT token will have a reserve guarantee of 1 US dollar, which supports the stability of the USDT price. The unit price of a certain digital asset is USDT, which is equivalent to its unit price in US dollars (USD).

81. Altcoins and alternative coins

Altcoins refer to blockchain assets that use the Bitcoin code as a template and make some modifications to its underlying technology blockchain, among which Those with technological innovations or improvements are also called alternative coins. Because the Bitcoin code is open source, the cost of plagiarism in Bitcoin is very low. You can even generate a brand new blockchain by simply copying the Bitcoin code and modifying some parameters.

82. Three major exchanges

Binance

Okex

Huobi

83. Market software

Mytoken

Non-small account

CMC

84. Information website

Babbitt

Golden Finance

Coin World News

85. Blockchain Browser

BTC

ETH

BCH

LTC

ETC

86. Wallet

Imtoken

Bitpie

87. Decentralized exchange

uniswap

88. NFT exchange

Opensea

Super Rare

89. Ladder

Bring your own, buy a reliable ladder

90. Platform currency

The digital currency issued by the platform is used to deduct handling fees, transactions, etc.

91. Bull market, bear market

Bull market: rising market

Bear market: falling market

92. Blockchain 1.0

A currency trading system based on distributed ledgers, represented by Bitcoin

93. Blockchain 2.0

The contract blockchain technology represented by Ethereum (smart contract) is 2.0

94. Blockchain 3.0

In the era of intelligent Internet of Things, it goes beyond the financial field and provides various Industry mentionProvide decentralized solutions

95. Smart Contract

Smart Contract is a computer protocol designed to disseminate, verify or execute contracts in an information-based manner. It is simple Said, the electronic contract is set in advance, and once both parties confirm it, the contract will be automatically executed.

96. What is a token?

The token economy is an economic system with Token as the only reference standard, which is equivalent to a pass. If you own Token, you have rights and interests, and you have the right to speak.

Big data is the means of production, AI is the new productivity, and blockchain is the new production relationship. Big data refers to a collection of data that cannot be captured, managed and processed within a certain time range using conventional software tools. It is a massive, high-growth and high-volume data set that requires new processing models to have stronger decision-making power, insight discovery and process optimization capabilities. Diverse information assets. Simply understood, big data is massive data accumulated over a long period of time and cannot be obtained in the short term. Blockchain can be used as a way to obtain big data, but it cannot replace big data. Big data is only used as a medium running in the blockchain and has no absolute technical performance, so the two cannot be confused. (The simple understanding of production relations is the labor exchange and consumption relations, the core lies in productivity, and the core of productivity lies in production tools)

ICO, Initial Coin Offering, initial public token issuance, is the first step in the blockchain digital currency industry. Crowdfunding. It is the most popular topic and investment trend in 2017, and the country launched a regulatory plan on September 4. Speaking of ICO, people will think of IPO, and the two are fundamentally different.

99. Five characteristics of digital currency

The first characteristic: decentralization

The second characteristic: having open source code

The third feature: independent electronic wallet

The fourth feature: constant issuance

The fifth feature: global circulation

100. What is decentralization?

It has no issuer, does not belong to any institution or country, and is a publicly issued currency designed, developed and stored on the Internet by Internet network experts.

100. What is measurement (scarcity)?

Once the total amount of issuance is set, it is permanently fixed, cannot be changed, cannot be over-issued at will, and is subject to global Internet supervision. Because the difficulty of mining and mining changes over time, the longer the time, the greater the difficulty of mining, and the fewer coins are mined, so it is scarce.

101. What is open source code?

Stored in alphanumeric form on the Internet, anyone can check out the source code of its design, and anyone canParticipate, be able to mine, and be open to the world.

102. What is anonymous transaction? Private wallet private?

Everyone can register and download the wallet online without real-name authentication. It is completely composed of encrypted digital codes. It can be sent and traded globally in real-time point-to-point without resorting to banks or any institutions. It cannot be traced by anyone without my authorization. ,Inquire.

A contract transaction refers to an agreement between a buyer and seller to receive a certain amount of an asset at a specified price at a certain time in the future. The objects of contract trading are standardized contracts formulated by the exchange. The exchange stipulates standardized information such as commodity type, transaction time, quantity, etc. A contract represents the rights and obligations of the buyer and seller.

105. Digital Currency Industry Chain

Chip manufacturers, mining machine manufacturers, and mining machine agents mine and export to exchanges for retail investors to speculate in coins

106. Who is Kong Lin?

Kong Lin: Digital Currency Value Investor

Investment style: Steady

107. Konglin Investment Strategy

Combining long-term and short-term, focusing on price investment, no contracts, no short-term play

Reasonable layout, scientific operation, steady and conservative, earning Cycle money

108. Konglin?

Welcome currency friends and seek common development

⑸ What is the core content of the blockchain

The core content of the blockchain is the contract layer
1. Decentralization
This is the disruptive feature of blockchain. There is no central organization or central server. All transactions occur in the client application installed on everyone’s computer or mobile phone.
Achieve point-to-point direct interaction, which not only saves resources, makes transactions autonomous and simplified, but also eliminates the risk of being controlled by centralized agents.
2. Openness
Blockchain can be understood as a public accounting technology solution. The system is completely open and transparent.
The account books are open to everyone, enabling data sharing and anyone can check the accounts. .
Blockchain is a transparent and shared general ledger. This ledger is open to the entire network. Once you get its public key, you will know how much money is in the ledger. Therefore, any value conversion is completely Interested people in the world can watch you, and the conversion is confirmed by the miners, so it is an Internet consensus mechanism.
3. Irrevocable, non-tamperable and encrypted security
The blockchain adopts a one-way hash algorithm, and each newly generated block is strictly in linear order according to timeAdvancing, the irreversibility and irrevocability of time make any attempt to intrude and tamper with data information in the blockchain easily traceable, leading to rejection by other nodes, and the cost of counterfeiting is extremely high, which can limit related illegal activities.
(5) Blockchain Core Knowledge Lecture Notes Extended Reading:
1. Concept Definition
What is Blockchain? From a technological perspective, blockchain involves many scientific and technical issues such as mathematics, cryptography, Internet and computer programming. From an application perspective, simply put, blockchain is a distributed shared ledger and database, which has the characteristics of decentralization, non-tampering, full traceability, traceability, collective maintenance, openness and transparency. These characteristics ensure the "honesty" and "transparency" of the blockchain and lay the foundation for creating trust in the blockchain. The rich application scenarios of blockchain are basically based on the ability of blockchain to solve the problem of information asymmetry and achieve collaborative trust and consistent action among multiple subjects [7].
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database.
Two, features
Decentralization. Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management agencies or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes self-verification, transmission and management of information through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain.
Openness. The foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface. Therefore, the entire System information is highly transparent.
Independence. Based on consensus specifications and protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as the hash algorithm used by Bitcoin), the entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties. All nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system without the need for any human intervention.
Security. As long as you cannot control 51% of all data nodes, you cannot manipulate and modify network data at will. This makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes.
Anonymity. Unless required by legal regulations, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transfer can be carried out anonymously

⑹ 108 knowledge points for getting started with blockchain

108 essential knowledge points for getting started with blockchain

(Welcome to communicate with fans)

1. What is blockchain

The transaction information and the information indicating the block are packaged together, and the verified package is the block.

Each block stores the hash value of the previous block, creating a relationship between blocks and alsoThat is to say, the chain. Together they are called blockchain.

2. What is Bitcoin

The concept of Bitcoin was proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009, with a total number of 21 million. The Bitcoin chain generates a block approximately every 10 minutes, and this block is mined by miners for 10 minutes. As a reward to miners, a certain number of Bitcoins will be issued to miners, but this certain number is halved every four years. Now it's 12.5. If this continues, all Bitcoins will be available in 2040.

3. What is Ethereum

The biggest difference between Ethereum and Bitcoin is the smart contract. This allows developers to develop and run various applications on it.

4. Distributed ledger

It is a database that is shared, replicated and synchronized among network members. To put it bluntly, all users on the blockchain have accounting functions and the content is consistent, which ensures that the data cannot be tampered with.

5. What is quasi-anonymity?

I believe everyone has a wallet, and the wallet address (a string of characters) used to send transactions is quasi-anonymity.

6． What is open transparency/traceability

The blockchain stores all data from history to the present, anyone can view it, and can also view any data in history.

7. What is tamper-proof

Historical data and current transaction data cannot be tampered with. The data is stored in the block on the chain and has a hash value. If the block information is modified, its hash value will also change, and the hash values of all blocks following it must also be modified to form a new chain. At the same time, the main chain is still conducting transactions to generate blocks. The modified chain must always generate blocks synchronously with the main chain to ensure that the length of the chain is the same. The cost is too high, just to modify a piece of data.

8. What is anti-DDoS attack

DDoS: Hackers control many people’s computers or mobile phones and allow them to access a website at the same time. Since the bandwidth of the server is limited, a large amount of traffic The influx of data may cause the website to fail to function properly, resulting in losses. However, the blockchain is distributed and there is no central server. If one node fails, other nodes will not be affected. Theoretically, if more than 51% of the nodes are attacked, problems will occur.

9. Definition of main chain

Taking Bitcoin as an example, at a certain point in time, a block is mined by two miners at the same time, and then 6 blocks are generated first. The chain of blocks is the main chain

10. Single chain/multi-chain

Single chain refers to the data structure that handles everything on one chain. Multi-chain structure, its core essence is publicIt is composed of chain + N sub-chains. There is only one, but in theory there can be countless sub-chains, and each sub-chain can run one or more DAPP systems

11. Public chain/alliance chain/private chain

Public Chain: Everyone can participate in the blockchain

Alliance chain: Only alliance members are allowed to participate in accounting and query

Private chain: Writing and viewing permissions are only controlled by one person In the hands of the organization.

12. Consensus layer, data layer, etc.

There are six overall structures of the blockchain: data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer, and application layer. Data layer: a layer that records data, belonging to the underlying technology; network layer: a structure for building a blockchain network, which determines how users are organized. Consensus layer: Provides a set of rules to allow everyone to reach agreement on the information received and stored. Incentive layer: Design incentive policies to encourage users to participate in the blockchain ecosystem; Contract layer: Generally referred to as "smart contracts", it is a set of contract systems that can be automatically executed and written according to their own needs. Application layer: Applications on the blockchain, similar to mobile apps. Former Distributed Storage R&D Center

13. Timestamp

The timestamp refers to the time from January 1, 1970 Day 0 hours 0 minutes 0 seconds 0... The total number of seconds from the current time to now, or the total number of nanoseconds and other very large numbers. Each block is generated with a timestamp indicating when the block was generated.

14. Block/block header/block body

Block is the basic unit of blockchain, and block header and block body are components of blockchain. The information contained in the block header includes the hash of the previous block, the hash of this block, timestamp, etc. The block body is the detailed data in the block.

15. Merkle tree

Merkle tree, also called binary tree, is a data structure for storing data. The bottom layer is the original data contained in all blocks, and the upper layer is each The hash value of a block, the hash of this layer is combined in pairs to generate a new hash value, forming a new layer, and then upwards layer by layer, until a hash value is generated. Such a structure can be used to quickly compare large amounts of data, and you can quickly find the bottom-level historical data you want without downloading all the data.

16. What is expansion?

The size of a Bitcoin block is about 1M and can save 4,000 transaction records. Expansion means making the block larger so that more data can be stored.

17. What is a chain?

Each block will save the hash of the previous block, creating a relationship between the blocks. This relationship is a chain. Data such as block transaction records and status changes are stored through this chain.

18. Block height

This is not the height mentioned in terms of distance. It refers to the total number of blocks between the block and the first block on the chain. This height indicates which block it is, and is just for identification purposes.

19. Fork

Two blocks were generated at the same time (the transaction information in the block is the same, but the hash value of the block is different), and then in Two chains are forked from these two blocks. Whoever generates 6 blocks from these two links first will be the main chain, and the other chain will be discarded.

20. Ghost Protocol

Mining pools with high computing power can easily generate blocks faster than mining machines with low computing power, resulting in most of the blocks on the blockchain being generated by these mining pools with high computing power. However, the blocks generated by mining machines with low computing power are not stored on the chain because they are slow, and these blocks will be invalid.

The ghost protocol allows blocks that should be invalidated to remain on the chain for a short time, and can also be used as part of the proof of work

. In this way, miners with small computing power will contribute more to the main chain, and large mining pools will not be able to monopolize the confirmation of new blocks.

21. Orphan blocks

As mentioned before, orphan blocks are blocks generated at the same time. One of them forms a chain, and the other does not form a chain. Then this block that does not form a chain is called an orphan block.

22. Uncle block

The orphan block mentioned above, through the ghost protocol, makes it part of the proof of work, then it will not be discarded and will be saved in the main chain superior. This block is next

23 replay attack

The hacker resends the message that has been sent to the server. Sometimes this can defraud the server of multiple responses.

24. Directed acyclic graph

Also called data set DAG (directed acyclic graph), DAG is an ideal multi-chain data structure. Most of the blockchains mentioned now are single chains, that is, one block is connected to another block, and DAG is multiple blocks connected. The advantage is that several blocks can be generated at the same time, so the network can process a large number of transactions at the same time, and the throughput will definitely increase. However, there are many shortcomings and it is currently in the research stage.

25. What is mining

The mining process is to perform a series of conversions, connections and hash operations on the above six fields, and continue to try them one by one. The random number you are looking for, and finally successfully find a random number that meets the conditions: the value after hashing is smaller than the hash value of the preset difficulty value, then the mining is successful, and the node can broadcast the area to neighboring nodes. block, neighboring nodes receive the block and perform the same operation on the above six fields to verifyCompliance, and then broadcast to other nodes, and other nodes also use the same algorithm to verify. If 51% of the nodes in the entire network are successfully verified, this block will be truly "mined" successfully. Dotdu adds this block after the previous block, deletes the list in the block that is the same as its own record, and repeats the above process again. Another thing to mention is that regardless of whether the mining is successful or not, each node will pre-record the reward of 50 Bitcoins and the handling fees of all transactions (total input-total output) in the first item of the transaction list (this is " The most fundamental purpose of "mining" is also the fundamental reason to ensure the long-term stable operation of the blockchain), the output address is the address of this node, but if the mining is unsuccessful, the transaction will be invalidated without any reward. Moreover, this transaction called "production transaction" does not participate in the "mining" calculation.

26. Mining machines/mines

Mining machines are computers with various configurations, and computing power is the biggest difference between them. A place where mining machines are concentrated in one place is a mining farm

27. Mining pool

Miners join together to form a team, and the computer group under this team is a mining pool. Mining rewards are distributed based on your own computing power contribution.

28. Mining difficulty and computing power

Mining difficulty is to ensure that the interval between generating blocks is stable within a certain short time, such as Bitcoin is issued in 10 minutes

Block 1. The computing power is the configuration of the mining machine.

29. Verification

When verification in the blockchain is a confirmation of the legality of the transaction, each node will verify the transaction once when the transaction message is propagated between nodes. Whether the transaction is legal. For example, verify whether the syntax of the transaction is correct, whether the transaction amount is greater than 0, whether the entered transaction amount is reasonable, etc. After passing the verification, it will be packaged and handed over to the miners for mining.

30. Transaction broadcast

The node sends information to other nodes through the network.

31. Mining fees

For the blockchain to work non-stop like a perpetual motion machine, miners need to maintain the system. Therefore, the miners must be given favorable fees to make it sustainable.

32. Transaction confirmation

When a transaction occurs, the block recording the transaction will be confirmed for the first time, and will be confirmed in every area on the chain after the block. Block is reconfirmed: When the number of confirmations reaches 6 or more, the transaction is generally considered safe and difficult to tamper with.

33. Double transaction

That is, I have 10 yuan, I use the 10 yuan to buy a pack of cigarettes, and then instantly use the 10 yuan that has not yet been paid. Bought another cup of coffee. So when verifying the transaction, you need to confirm whether the 10 yuan has been spent.

34.UTXO unspent transaction output

It is a data structure containing transaction data and execution code, which can be understood as digital currency that exists but has not yet been consumed.

35. Transactions per second TPS

That is throughput, tps refers to the number of transactions the system can process per second.

36. Wallet

Similar to Alipay, it is used to store digital currencies, and blockchain technology is more secure.

37. Cold wallet/hot wallet

A cold wallet is an offline wallet. The principle is to store it locally and use QR code communication to prevent the private key from touching the Internet. A hot wallet is an online wallet. The principle is to encrypt the private key and store it on the server. When it is needed, it is downloaded from the server and decrypted on the browser side.

38. Software Wallet/Hardware Wallet

A software wallet is a computer program. Generally speaking, a software wallet is a program that interacts with the blockchain and allows users to receive, store, and send digital currencies and can store multiple keys. Hardware wallets are smart devices that specialize in handling digital currencies.

39. Airdrop

The project sends digital currency to each user’s wallet address.

40. Mapping

Mapping is related to the issuance of blockchain currency and is a mapping between chains. For example, there are some blockchain companies that have not completed the development of the chain in the early stage. They rely on Ethereum to issue their own currency. The issuance and transactions of the early currency are all operated on Ethereum. With the development of the company, the company's own chain development has been completed. The company wants to map all the previous information on Ethereum to its own chain. This process is mapping.

41. Position

Refers to the ratio of the investor’s actual investment to the actual investment funds

42. Full position

Buy with all funds Enter Bitcoin

43. Reduce the position

Sell some of the Bitcoins, but not all of them

44. Heavy positions

Compared with Bitcoin, Bitcoin accounts for a larger share of funds

45. Short position

Compared with Bitcoin, the share of funds is larger

46. Short position

Sell all the Bitcoins you hold and convert them all into funds.

47. Stop loss

After obtaining a certain profit, sell the Bitcoin held to keep the profit

48. Stop loss

After losses reach a certain level, sell the Bitcoins you hold to prevent further losses

49. Bull market

Prices continue to rise, and the outlook isOptimistic

50. Bear market

Prices continue to fall and the outlook is bleak

51. Bullish (long)

The buyer thinks that the currency price If the currency price will rise in the future, buy the currency. After the currency price rises, sell it at a high price to take profits

52. Short position (short selling)

The seller believes that the currency price will fall in the future and will Sell the currency you hold (or borrow currency from the trading platform), and after the currency price drops, buy it at a low price to take profits

53. Open a position

Buy Bitcoin Wait for virtual currencies

54. Cover positions

Buy Bitcoin and other virtual currencies in batches, for example: buy 1BTC first, then buy 1BTC later

55 .Cross position

Buy all the funds into a certain virtual currency at once

56. Rebound

When the currency price falls, it falls too fast. Price rebound adjustment

57. Consolidation (sideways)

Price fluctuations are small and the currency price is stable

58. Falling

The currency price fell slowly

59. Diving (waterfall)

The currency price fell rapidly and to a large extent

60. Cutting meat

After buying Bitcoin, the price of the currency fell, so in order to avoid further losses, he sold Bitcoin at a loss. Or after borrowing the currency to go short, the currency price rises, and then buying Bitcoin at a loss

61. Holding up

Expecting the currency price to rise, but unexpectedly the currency price falls after buying; or expecting the currency price to rise. fell, but unexpectedly, after selling, the currency price rose

62. Unwinding

After buying Bitcoin, the currency price fell, causing a temporary book loss, but then the currency price rebounded and the loss was reversed To make a profit

63. Go short

After selling Bitcoin because of the bearish market outlook, the price of the currency continued to rise, and I was unable to buy it in time, so I failed to make a profit

64. Overbought

The currency price continues to rise to a certain height, the buyer's power is basically exhausted, and the currency price is about to fall

65. Oversold

The currency price continues to fall to a certain low, the seller's power is basically exhausted, and the currency price is about to rise

66. Lure bulls

The currency price has been consolidating for a long time, and it is more likely to fall. Most of the short sellers have sold Bitcoin, and suddenly the short sellers pulled up the price of the currency, inducing the long parties to think that the price of the currency will rise and buy one after another. As a result, the short sellers suppressed the price of the currency and locked up the long parties.

67. Short-selling

After buying Bitcoin, bulls deliberately suppress the price of the currency, making short sellers think that the price of the currency willWill fall, sell them one after another, and end up falling into the trap of bulls

68. What is NFT

The full name of NFT is "Non-Fungible Tokens" "That is, non-fungible tokens. Simply put, they are an indivisible copyright certificate on the blockchain. They are mainly used to confirm and transfer the rights of digital assets. The difference from digital currencies is that they are unique and indivisible. In essence, It is a unique digital asset.

69. What is the Metaverse

70. What is DeFi

71. Who is Satoshi Nakamoto?

Satoshi Nakamoto is the developer and founder of Bitcoin. Satoshi Nakamoto published the Bitcoin white paper on November 1, 2008, and mined Bitcoin for the first time on January 3, 2009. Whoever can use the Bitcoin in the genesis block is Satoshi Nakamoto himself, so who Is it Satoshi Nakamoto? There have been many "Satoshi Nakamotos" in history: In 2013, someone revealed that Mochizuki Shinichi, who had made outstanding contributions in the field of mathematics, was Satoshi Nakamoto, but no direct evidence was provided. In 2014, hackers broke into the mailbox used by Satoshi Nakamoto and found the owner of the mail, Dorian Nakamoto. Later, Dorian said that he only obtained the mailbox address and password by chance, not Nakamoto. Cong. In 2016, Craig Wright said that he was Satoshi Nakamoto and could provide Satoshi Nakamoto's private key. But later, Wright withdrew his statement because he could not face everyone's doubts.

72. Bitcoin is different from Q Coin

Bitcoin is not issued through a centralized institution, but it can be obtainedIt is widely recognized around the world because Bitcoin can self-certify its trust. The issuance and circulation of Bitcoin are jointly accounted for by miners across the entire network. It does not require a central organization to ensure that no one can tamper with the ledger.

73. What is a mining machine?

74. What is quantitative trading?

Quantitative trading, sometimes also called automated trading, refers to the use of advanced mathematical models to replace human subjective judgments, which greatly reduces the impact of investor sentiment fluctuations and avoids extreme fanaticism or pessimism in the market. make irrational investment decisions. There are many types of quantitative trading, including cross-platform trading, trend trading, hedging, etc. Cross-platform trading means that when the price difference between different target platforms reaches a certain amount, sell on the platform with a higher price and buy on the platform with a lower price.

75. Blockchain asset over-the-counter trading

76. What is a timestamp?

77. What is a blockchain fork?

78. Soft fork and hard fork

A hard fork refers to when the Bitcoin code changes and the old nodes refuse to accept the blocks created by the new nodes. Blocks that do not comply with the original rules will be ignored, and miners will follow the original rules and create new blocks after the last block they verified. A soft fork means that old nodes are not aware of the changes to the Bitcoin code and continue to accept blocks created by new nodes. Miners may work on blocks they have no understanding of, or validation of. Both soft forks and hard forks are "backwards compatible" to ensure that new nodes can verify the blockchain from scratch. Backward compatibility means that new software accepts data or code generated by old software. For example, Windows 10 can run Windows XP applications. Soft forks can also be "forward compatible".

79. Classification and application of blockchain projects

80. USDT against the US dollar

USDT is Tether USD, a token launched by Tether that is against the US dollar (USD). 1USDT=1 US dollar, users can use USDT and USD for 1:1 exchange at any time. Tether implements a 1:1 reserve guarantee system, that is, each USDT token will have a reserve guarantee of 1 US dollar, which supports the stability of the USDT price. The unit price of a certain digital asset is USDT, which is equivalent to its unit price in US dollars (USD).

81. Altcoins and alternative coins

82. Three major exchanges

Binance

Okex

Huobi

83. Market software

Mytoken

Non-small account

84. Information website

Babbitt

Golden Finance

Coin World News

85. Blockchain Browser

BTC

ETH

BCH

LTC

ETC

86. Wallet

Imtoken

Bitpie

MetaMask (Little Fox)

87. Decentralized Exchange

uniswap

88. NFT Exchange

Opensea

Super Rare

89. Ladder

Bring your own, buy a reliable ladder

90. Platform currency

Digital currency issued by the platform, used to deduct handling fees, transactions, etc.

91. Bull market, bear market

Bull market: Rising market

Bear market: Falling market

92. Blockchain 1.0

A currency trading system based on distributed ledgers, represented by Bitcoin

93. Blockchain 2.0

The contract blockchain technology represented by Ethereum (smart contract) is 2.0

94. Blockchain 3.0

In the era of intelligent Internet of Things, it goes beyond the financial field to provide decentralized solutions for various industries

95. Smart Contract

Smart Contract, Smart Contract, is A computer protocol designed to disseminate, verify or execute contracts in an information-based manner. Simply put, an electronic contract is set in advance and once confirmed by both parties, the contract is automatically executed.

96. What is a token?

The token economy is an economic system with Token as the only reference standard, which is equivalent to a pass. If you own Token, you have rights and interests, and you have the right to speak.

97. The difference between big data and blockchain

Big data is the means of production, AI is the new productivity, and the blockchain is the new production relationship. Big data refers to a collection of data that cannot be captured, managed and processed within a certain time range using conventional software tools. It is a massive, high-growth and high-volume data set that requires new processing models to have stronger decision-making power, insight discovery and process optimization capabilities. Diverse information assets. Simply understood, big data is massive data accumulated over a long period of time and cannot be obtained in the short term. Blockchain can be used as a way to obtain big data, but it cannot replace big data. Big data is only used as a medium running in the blockchain and has no absolute technical performance, so the two cannot be confused. (A simple understanding of production relations is labor exchange and consumption relations. The core lies in productivity, and the core of productivity lies in production tools)

98. What is ICO?

ICO, Initial Coin Offering, initial public token offering, which is crowdfunding in the blockchain digital currency industry. It is the most popular topic and investment trend in 2017, and the country launched a regulatory plan on September 4. Speaking of ICO, people will think of IPO, and the two are fundamentally different.

99. Five characteristics of digital currency

The first characteristic: decentralization

The second characteristic: having open source code

The third feature: independent electronic wallet

The fourth feature: constant issuance

The fifth feature: global circulation

100. What is decentralization?

It has no issuer, does not belong to any institution or country, and is a publicly issued currency designed, developed and stored on the Internet by Internet network experts.

100. What is measurement (scarcity)?

101. What is open source code?

The alphanumeric code is stored on the Internet. Anyone can find out the source code of its design, everyone can participate, can mine it, and it is open to the world.

102. What is anonymous transaction? Private wallet private?

103. What is a contract transaction?

104. Digital Currency Industry Chain

Chip manufacturers, mining machine manufacturers, and mining machine agents mine and export to exchanges for retail investors to speculate in coins

105. Who is Bei Feng?

Beifeng: Digital currency value investor

Investment style: Steady

106. Build a community?

Beidou Community (high-quality price investment community)

Combining long and short, focusing on price investment, no contracts, no short-term play

Reasonable layout, scientific operation, prudent and conservative, earning periodic money

Welcome currency friends and seek common development.

⑺ As time passes, what exactly is the core of the blockchain economy?

Since the birth of Bitcoin, more than 1,600 virtual currencies have appeared around the world. Currency has formed a huge industrial chain ecosystem around the generation, storage, and transactions of virtual currencies. But overall, the industry is still in its infancy and is still far from the real value application area.

The core of the blockchain economy lies in the reconstruction of business logic and organizational form, so it is necessary to obtain application examples in multiple industries to demonstrate its value. This article will explore the business models of blockchain applications in various industries from the perspective of combining blockchain with industry needs.

First of all, the core of blockchain is to solve the problem of credit:

Credit is the foundation of all commercial activities and finance. The United States has implemented trusted identification since 2011, while China has implemented a real-name system to achieve supervised information dissemination. The significance of blockchain is that it has established decentralized trust from a technical level for the first time and realized a completely distributed credit system.

Secondly, blockchain solves the problem of value exchange:

Traditional networks can realize point-to-point transmission of information, but cannot realize point-to-point transmission of value. Because information is allowed to be copied, and value must be authentic and unique, it is necessary to rely on a centralized organization to achieve value transfer. Blockchain perfectly solves this problem and provides a method to realize point-to-point transfer of value. During the value transfer process, accounting is realized by the network without relying on a centralized institution. Therefore, blockchain is expected to become the infrastructure for building new finance and the cornerstone of the future value Internet.

Application of blockchain

Currently, there are two main modes of blockchain application:

1) Native type Blockchain applications: directly based on decentralized blockchain technology, realizing applications such as value transfer and transactions, such as digital currency;

2) "Blockchain+" model: combining traditional scenarios with Combined with the underlying protocol of the blockchain to improve efficiency and reduce costs. It is expected that the application of blockchain in various industries will be dominated by the second model.

Blockchain has five core attributes, namely: transaction attributes (value attributes), certificate attributes, trust attributes, intelligence attributes, and traceability attributes. The above core attributes are combined with the needs of the industry to solve the industry's pain points and become a business model for blockchain applications in various industries.

Blockchain + Bank

1. Cross-border payment

Cross-border payment is a pain that has long plagued the banking industry.Question. Traditional cross-border payment methods include two major categories: one is online payment, including electronic account payment and international credit card payment, which is suitable for retail small amounts; the other is the bank remittance model, which is suitable for large-amount transactions; both have payment cycles Long, high fees, low transaction transparency and other issues. Especially with the rise of cross-border e-commerce in recent years, convenient, fast, safe and low-cost cross-border payment has become an urgent need for the industry.

The role of blockchain:

The characteristics of blockchain are deintermediation and open and transparent transactions. There is no third-party payment institution to join, which shortens the payment cycle, reduces costs, and increases Transaction Transparency. For example, in December 2017, China Merchants Bank teamed up with Wing Lung Bank and Wing Lung Shenzhen Branch to successfully implement cross-border RMB remittances between the three parties using blockchain technology. Its clearing process is safe, efficient and fast, greatly improving customer experience.

2. Supply chain finance

The pain points in this field are the long financing cycle and high costs. Centered on the core enterprise system of the supply chain, it is difficult for third-party credit enhancement institutions to authenticate the authenticity of various relevant vouchers in the supply chain, resulting in long manual review times and high financing costs.

The role of blockchain:

Blockchain introduces consensus mechanism, existence proof, non-tampering, traceability and other features into supply chain finance, without the need for a third-party credit enhancement agency Identify the authenticity of various relevant vouchers in the supply chain, thereby reducing financing costs and shortening the financing cycle. For example, in April 2017, the listed company Yijian and IBM China Research jointly launched the blockchain supply chain financial service system "Yijian Block". The system focuses on pharmaceutical scenarios and currently has more than 30 pharmaceutical distribution companies. Successfully registered in the "Yijian Block", as of the end of July, the number of transactions had been close to 8,000, and the total investment amount exceeded 100 million yuan.

3. Digital Bills

The pain point of the digital bill industry lies in the long-standing problems of "false bills" and "one vote selling more than one", which have brought challenges to the bill financing business of the banking industry. risk.

The role of blockchain:

The existence proof and non-tampering characteristics of blockchain effectively solve the problem of false digital bills; at the same time, blockchain solves the problem of double Spending money can avoid "one ticket selling too many". For example, Shenzhen Blockchain Financial Services Co., Ltd. issues bill chain products to provide bill financing services based on blockchain to solve the bill financing needs of small, medium and micro enterprises. Cooperative banks include Ganzhou Bank, Guiyang Bank, Suzhou Bank, Shizuishan Bank, Langfang Bank, Wuhai Bank, Jilin Jiutai Rural Commercial Bank, Yaodu Rural Commercial Bank, Shenzhen Rural Industry Bank, Weifang Bank, Zhongyuan Bank, etc. In addition, Zheshang Bank, JD Finance, Hang Seng Electronics, HNA, etc. are also verifying blockchain digital bill services.

Blockchain + Securities

1. Asset securitization

Asset securitization is based on the futureof income as a guarantee to obtain financing now. The pain points in this field are: there are many participating entities, many operating links, low transaction transparency, information asymmetry, and the authenticity of the underlying assets cannot be guaranteed.

The role of blockchain:

Blockchain introduces attributes such as existence proof, non-tamperability, and consensus mechanism for asset securitization, which can monitor the true situation of assets in real time and solve the problem of It solves the problem of trust of all parties in the transaction chain in the underlying assets. Various assets such as equity, bonds, bills, income certificates, warehouse receipts, etc. can be integrated into the blockchain and become digital assets on the chain, improving asset circulation efficiency and reducing costs. For example, in May 2017, Internet Finance and partners including Baiqian Leasing and Huaneng Trust jointly issued an asset securitization ABS project supported by blockchain technology, with an issuance scale of 424 million yuan.

Blockchain + Insurance

1. Insurance business

The insurance industry has problems such as information asymmetry and lack of trust between customers and insurance institutions: Users It is difficult to choose an insurance product that suits you, and insurance institutions face the risk of insurance fraud.

The role of blockchain:

The decentralized, open, transparent, and traceable characteristics of blockchain establish a good communication channel between insurance institutions and users; insurance subject matter Information is managed uniformly on the blockchain and cannot be tampered with, helping insurance institutions avoid the risk of insurance fraud; at the same time, smart contracts can improve work efficiency and reduce costs. For example, French insurance giant AXA is using the Ethereum public blockchain to provide automated flight delay compensation for air travelers. If the flight is delayed for more than 2 hours, the "smart contract" insurance product will automatically pay claims to passengers.

2. Credit information management

The pain point in this field is that credit information agencies have limited data collection channels and lack of data sharing, making it difficult to accurately characterize the credit status of individuals or institutions; in addition, There is also the issue of how to protect user privacy during the data collection process.

The role of blockchain:

The blockchain has the characteristics of trustlessness, consensus, and non-tampering. At the technical level, it ensures that effective protection of user privacy can be achieved. Limited, controllable credit data sharing and verification. For example, Ping An's blockchain credit reporting business is now online. In addition, domestic startups such as Shanghai Juzhen, LinkEye, Bubi Blockchain, etc. are also exploring joint credit reporting and safe certificate deposits.

As a basic technology, blockchain has great application value in many industries with distributed processing, peer-to-peer transactions, and rapid establishment of trust relationships. Its core is to solve the credit problem and realize the point-to-point transmission of value. Therefore, it is considered to be the cornerstone of the future value Internet.

The core of the blockchain business model is to use the blockchain to introduceIts innovative attributes can be combined with traditional industry applications to realize the reconstruction of business logic in order to create new application scenarios, or improve efficiency and reduce costs.

Blockchain will also extend to all areas of social life: Blockchain solves problems such as the management, transaction, and transfer of digital assets, and therefore will play an important role in the wave of asset digitization, such as supply Applications such as chain management, data services, asset management, public services, and the Internet of Things are gradually being implemented in various fields, and "blockchain+" is becoming a reality.

⑻ What is the concept of blockchain

Concept: Blockchain is computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc. new application models.

The essence of the blockchain is a distributed public ledger. Anyone can verify this ledger, but no single user can control it. Participants in a blockchain system jointly maintain a ledger: it can only be modified according to strict rules and consensus.

The development of blockchain has gone through three stages:

1. Incubation period: 2009-2012, the economic form was dominated by Bitcoin and its industrial ecology.

2. Embryonic period: The period is from 2012 to 2015. Blockchain entered the public eye with Bitcoin, new wallet payment and remittance companies appeared, and the blockchain economy spread to the financial field. The underlying technology of blockchain continues to innovate. Blockchain technology is divorced from the Bitcoin system.

3. Development period: In 2016, industry applications began to be explored, and a large number of blockchain startups emerged. The popularity of ICO in 2017 brought unprecedented attention to blockchain.

(8) Extended reading of blockchain core knowledge lecture notes:

Three characteristics of three blockchains:

1 , The core idea of the blockchain is decentralization: in the blockchain system, the rights and obligations between any nodes are equal, and all nodes have the ability to vote with computing power, thus ensuring that the recognized The result is recognized by more than half of the nodes. Even if it suffers a severe hacker attack, as long as the number of nodes controlled by the hacker does not exceed half of the total number of global nodes, the system will still be able to operate normally and the data will not be tampered with.

2. The biggest disruption of blockchain lies in the establishment of credit: in theory, blockchain technology can make WeChat Pay and Alipay no longer valuable. The Economist made a vivid metaphor for blockchain: simply put, it is “a machine that creates trust.” Blockchain allows people to collaborate without trusting each other and without a neutral central authority. Combating counterfeit currency and financial fraud will no longer be needed in the future.

3. The collective maintenance of blockchain can reduce costs: In a centralized network system, the maintenance and operation of the system rely on the operation, maintenance and operation of platforms such as data centers, and costs cannot be omitted. The nodes of the blockchain can be participated by anyone.While participating in the recording, each node also verifies the correctness of the recording results of other nodes, which improves maintenance efficiency and reduces costs.

In one sentence, blockchain touches money, trust and power, which are the fundamental foundations on which human beings rely for survival.

⑼ What is the basic knowledge of blockchain?

Blockchain allows every node scattered in the network (you and I can be nodes) to reach a certain consensus Participate in the management of the database together to achieve decentralized distributed storage of data information. Without the need for nodes to trust each other, blockchain can ensure the integrity and security of data records within the system. Compared with the centralized world of the past, the first thing blockchain has to overcome is their opacity, eliminating black-box operations.

You can think of the blockchain as a public "running account" ledger. Each node has the same ledger, and everyone participates in accounting. When a transaction occurs, the transaction details need to be broadcast to keep all parties involved. Synchronous update of node ledger data. If the blockchain is a ledger, then each "block" is each page in the ledger.

Blockchain Precautions

The important factor that distinguishes blockchain from ordinary databases is that blockchain has special conditions for inputting data into the database. That is, the new data entered cannot conflict with the data that already exists in it (data consistency), and the data cannot be changed. The data itself is locked with the user, which is replicable and valid. Finally, without centralized personal control, everyone reaches a consensus about what is happening in the database.

The last point is the core of the blockchain. Decentralization is attractive because it means there is no single point of failure. That is, no agency can take away your assets or alter records to suit their needs. This immutability eliminates the need to trust anyone, which is beneficial to any blockchain member, but comes at a significant cost.