天币网骗局揭秘,天币是什么
请查看相关英文文档
『一』What makes you dare to exchange your money for digital currencies such as Bitcoin
What virtual currencies need is supervision and security. This is the most important thing. , but BTC is currently not regulated. Virtual currency is a key means of stimulating the economy and a way to stimulate the circulation of currency. In the past two years, if you look at the development of their digital currencies, the rate of development is very fast. , the future development trend of monetary economy in terms of supervision and more planning. The abbreviation of virtual currency is DIGICCY, which is the abbreviation of "Digital Currency" in English and is an alternative currency in the form of virtual currency. It cannot be completely equivalent to the digital currency in the virtual world, because it is often used to buy and sell real goods and services. It does not necessarily have to have a standard currency, and it is not limited to website spaces such as the Internet.
Money can be composed of any raw material and represents a transferable liability. Today, with the digitization of currency, we will enter a world of mobile payments in the future. A currency may just be a string of numbers, which exists as a settlement method for transactions. Therefore, from this aspect, digital currency is a return, definitely a return to the source of money. After the financial crisis, BTC came out, and it seemed to achieve the three basic characteristics above. Therefore, some people once said that BTC could replace the existing monetary system. However, the contemporary financial system is complex and changeable, and the political environment is turbulent. In this actual environment, the overly idealized BTC is filled with all kinds of fallacies and disagreements!
『二』Which digital currencies have the most potential in 2020
The first half of 2020 can be said to be turbulent. The economic consequences of the epidemic are still unknown, but what is certain is that digital assets will be an important part of the post-epidemic economy and are likely to continue to grow.
Let’s take a look at the most promising coins to watch in 2020 and why they can be powerful additions to your investment portfolio.
1. Elrond (ERD) + 45.36%
Overview: Elrond (ERD) is a highly scalable, fast, and secure blockchain network that can promote DApp development and enterprise applications.
Price: A gain of 45.36% makes Elrond one of the best-performing cryptocurrencies right now and tops our list.
In the past 24 hours, the price of ERD jumped from $0.0188 to $0.0276.
Interestingly, this increase pales in comparison to Elrond’s continued surge. Since June 1, the price of ERD has increased by more than 1,100%.
2. Bancor (BNT) + 20.66%
Overview: Bancor (BNT) is a blockchain protocol that allows users to directly and instantly convert between different tokens.
Price: as our potentialAt the top of the coin list, Bancor soared from $1.21 to $1.46 in the past 24 hours, an increase of 20.66%.
Similar to Elrond, BNT prices are also long-term bullish, rising nearly 600% since May 17.
3. Ethereum Classic (ETC) +9.54%
Overview: Ethereum Classic (ETC) is a smart contract platform that retains the original version of the Ethereum software after the DAO hard fork.
Price: Ethereum Classic has been struggling to recoup its losses since the coronavirus-induced market crash in March.
Although the price growth of ETC has been relatively stable since then, it has created a relatively huge return on investment of nearly 10% for investors in the past 24 hours.
4. Zcash (ZEC) +6.54%
Overview: Zcash (ZEC) is a privacy coin that features pseudo-anonymous transactions through zero-knowledge proofs, called zk-SNARKs.
Price: Looking at the coin’s 24-hour performance, Zcash is up 6.54%.
In addition to the surge in the past 24 hours, ZEC has been on a moderate rise over the past three months, with its currency value rising from $43.93 on April 27 to $69.27.
5. Ethereum (ETH) +5.27%
Overview: Ethereum (ETH) is a blockchain platform featuring smart contracts and decentralized applications (DApps). It is also the second largest by market capitalization. Cryptocurrency.
Price: The price of Ethereum has been rising steadily over the past few months. However, since July 22, ETH has turned on the bull market and the price of ETH has soared from $246 to $324.26 today.
In the past 24 hours alone, the price of ETH has increased by 5.27%.
『三』 Is Libra safe as a virtual currency?
Is Libra safe as a virtual currency? To this end, Facebook has also launched a series of solutions to solve security issues. Facebook launches cryptocurrency system "Libra". The Libra system is operated and managed by Facebook and more than two dozen partners to manage user fund reserves. Each collaborator operates as an initial validator node, and they share a transparent transaction ledger that reflects all activity on the network.
Therefore, there is no need to consider the security issues of Libra as a virtual currency. I believe that the advent of Libra as a virtual currency will bring a new world to our world. Innovation.
『四』How to define the application of blockchainWhat are the scenarios?
Nowadays, many people think that blockchain is a universal technology that can do anything. This is a bit of a myth about blockchain technology!
Regarding the definition of blockchain technology, American scholar Melanie Swann defined blockchain technology as an open, transparent and decentralized technology in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction" database.
Definition of Blockchain: Narrow VS Broad
As for the application scenarios of blockchain technology, it is natural to combine the differences between blockchain and other technologies. In terms of system characteristics.
Blockchain technology features include:
Blockchain is a global A database storage system that can be operated collaboratively in various places is different from traditional database operations where read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (a characteristic of centralization). Blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate. Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once joined, the node enjoys exactly the same rights as all other nodes and obligations (decentralized, distributed characteristics).
At the same time, people who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system. In the end, all nodes around the world will complete the process again and again according to a certain mechanism. Synchronize in sequence to achieve complete consistency of data in all nodes in the blockchain network.
At the beginning of this year, the term blockchain began to enter everyone’s lives. From national leaders to aunts who dance square dances, everyone knows this term. This term is widely known by Bit Brought by coins.
As we all know, the first few dozen bitcoins could only be exchanged for one pizza. At its peak, it was more than 20,000 US dollars each, which has skyrocketed by more than a thousand times, which has also benefited a large number of wealthy people. Currently, there are blockchain The virtual currency generated by technology is gradually entering into everyone's life, and many people have joined the ranks of currency speculation. I often hear people say that if you buy the right currency a hundred times, a bicycle will become a sports car, and one coin will turn a young model. You can imagine how many of them are involved. Attractive.
Since 2008, various games applying blockchain technology have also become popular, such as development games (Network Letts Dog, 360 Block Cat), mining games (NetEase Planet, Virtual Earth, Gongxinbao), these are attracting everyone to join in the name of blockchain, and of course there are some that are really reliable, which requires everyone to identify them carefully.
Blockchain is a distributed ledger (database) that connects data blocks in an orderly manner and cryptographically ensures that it cannot be tampered with or forged. technology. In layman's terms,Blockchain technology can achieve openness, transparency, non-tampering, non-forgery and traceability of all data information in the system without the need for third-party endorsement. As an underlying protocol or technical solution, blockchain can effectively solve the problem of trust and realize the free transfer of value. It has broad prospects in the fields of digital currency, financial asset transaction settlement, digital government affairs, and certificate deposit and anti-counterfeiting data services.
Digital currency
After experiencing physical objects, precious metals, banknotes and other forms, digital currency has become the development direction of the digital economy era. Compared with physical currency, digital currency has the characteristics of easy portability and storage, low circulation cost, convenient use, easy anti-counterfeiting and management, breaking geographical restrictions, and better integration.
Bitcoin technically implements an electronic cash system in which both parties to the transaction can directly transfer funds to each other without the need for third-party transfer or arbitration. In June 2019, the Internet giant Facebook also released a white paper on its cryptocurrency Libra. Whether it is Bitcoin or Libra, the underlying technology they rely on is blockchain technology.
my country began the development of central bank digital currency as early as 2014. my country's digital currency DC/EP adopts a two-tier operating system: the central bank does not directly issue digital currency to the public. Instead, the central bank redeems the digital currency to various commercial banks or other legal operating institutions, and then these institutions exchange it for public supply. its use. In early August 2019, the central bank held a video conference on work for the second half of the year. The meeting called for accelerating the pace of research and development of the national legal digital currency.
Financial asset transaction settlement
Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes, and it is causing disruptive changes in the financial industry. In terms of payment and settlement, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, multiple market participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time. Payment, clearing, and settlement that currently take two or three days can be completed in just a few minutes. tasks, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and safe. Regulators can easily track transactions on the chain and quickly locate high-risk capital flows. In terms of securities issuance transactions, traditional stock issuance has long procedures, high costs, and complex links. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channels. Issuers handle issuance on their own through smart contracts, and regulatory authorities With unified review and verification, investors can also bypass intermediaries and conduct direct operations. In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish an alliance chain network covering core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. The core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers.Certificates are given to their suppliers, and the bills can be transferred between suppliers after being digitized on the chain. Each level of supplier can obtain the corresponding amount of financing based on the digital bill certificate.
Digital Government Affairs
Blockchain can make data run and greatly streamline the service process. The distributed technology of blockchain can allow government departments to be centralized on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts. As long as the service personnel pass the identity authentication and electronic signature in one department, the smart contracts can be automatically processed and transferred, and the subsequent steps can be completed in sequence. All approvals and signatures. Blockchain invoice is the earliest application of domestic blockchain technology. The tax department launched the "Tax Chain" platform for blockchain electronic invoices. The tax department, the issuer, and the payee join the "Tax Chain" network through unique digital identities, truly realizing "instant invoicing for transactions" and "instant reimbursement after invoicing" - in seconds Level invoicing and minute-level reimbursement accounting significantly reduce tax collection and management costs, and effectively solve problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one ticket, and tax evasion. Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Utilize the characteristics of openness, transparency, traceability, and non-tampering of blockchain technology to achieve transparent use, precise investment, and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.
Evidence-based anti-counterfeiting
Blockchain can prove the existence of a file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamps, and it is open, non-tamperable, and traceable. It provides perfect solutions for judicial forensics, identity certification, property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, etc. In the field of intellectual property, the digital signature of blockchain technology and on-chain certificates can confirm the rights of text, pictures, audio and video, etc., and create and execute transactions through smart contracts, allowing creators to regain pricing power and preserve data formation in real time. The evidence chain covers the three major scenarios of rights confirmation, transaction and rights protection. In the field of anti-counterfeiting and traceability, blockchain technology can be widely used in various fields such as food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, and luxury goods through supply chain tracking.
Data services
Blockchain technology will greatly optimize existing big data applications and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing. In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will generate massive amounts of data. The existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges. Edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for all data applications such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. Finally, blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculations while protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data islands" and realize the value of data circulation. In response to the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and application needs of general business users, many traditional cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("Blockchain as a Service") solutions. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce enterprise blockchain deployment costs and promote the implementation of blockchain application scenarios.In the future, blockchain technology will also play an important role in many fields such as charity, insurance, energy, logistics, and the Internet of Things.
The three words "blockchain" were completely ignited during the Spring Festival that just passed. The limelight overshadowed everything. Some people said that this was the arrival of a new era. The past It has become a classic, and some people say that it is all hype and is ultimately a bubble.
In fact, blockchain technology is not a new concept. It has been applied to many industries, such as electronic signatures, as early as the past two years. Recently, the third-party electronic signature platform eShanbao revealed the latest progress of blockchain applications to NewSeed.
Currently, blockchain technology is mainly used in e-signing products for certificate deposit and certificate issuance. The application scenarios include copyright protection and online signing. , web page forensics, phone recording, email storage of evidence, etc.
Take the rights protection of online works as an example. Since online rights protection generally adopts the method of collecting evidence after the fact, real-time confirmation of rights is not carried out in the process of evidence generation, so the entire confirmation process is difficult. The copyright process is time-consuming, difficult and costly to obtain evidence, and extremely difficult to prove and trace the source. It cannot meet the characteristics of rapid dissemination and large quantity of online works.
eShanbao's new intellectual property protection solution based on timestamp + blockchain starts from the user's real-name authentication and solidifies the information generated in the process in real time. Electronic data, and through the time source service synchronized with the National Time Service Center, online works are stamped with legally valid timestamps to prove that electronic files have not been tampered with in a certain period of time. Blockchain technology can establish point-to-point trust in the network, ensuring that all blockchain nodes can record complete copyright confirmation and transaction records, and can trace their origins, truly realizing anti-repudiation and anti-tampering, and realizing a kind of distribution. trust infrastructure.
Founder and CEO Jin Hongzhou believes that the application of decentralized blockchain technology has greatly improved the efficiency of data storage and certification, and The credibility of the identity of the parties reduces the cost of trust, but it cannot replace the original centralized public key encryption technology. The two should complement each other. Through the combination of the two, it can provide users with real-time and reliable Confirmation plan.
Next, e-Shanbao will also focus on building a smart contract platform based on blockchain technology. Jin Hongzhou said that data storage, Issuing certificates is only a relatively superficial application based on blockchain technology. It is the first step to implement blockchain technology, and the realization of real smart contracts is the second step. "Smart contracts cannot simply be understood as electronic contracts. They refer to a process, from the conclusion of the contract to the confirmation to the finalsubsequent execution. "Jin Hongzhou explained.
From a technical perspective, blockchain is not a brand-new technology, but an integration of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, smart contract and other computer technologies. New application model. Specifically, blockchain technology is a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database in a decentralized, high-trust manner.
Due to the characteristics of "decentralization" and "distribution" With advantages such as "automatic data storage", "traceability", "tamper resistance", and "openness and transparency", blockchain technology can effectively solve the problems of data authenticity, security and openness in the data field. A data management environment to prevent and avoid various data management problems such as data fraud, tampering, and loss, and promote efficient sharing and application of data. In the process of practical exploration, the application scope of blockchain technology continues to expand, especially in the field of public resource transactions. Empower public resource transaction management services.
Promote transaction data sharing and transaction witness
Promote transaction data sharing
Currently, the data of different trading centers are not interoperable, and the subject information of different trading centers needs to be entered repeatedly. During the bid evaluation process, it is difficult to verify the off-site performance provided by the bidders, and the same personnel are duplicated. Problems such as difficulty in troubleshooting as a project manager and low cost of breach of trust by transaction entities. Establishing a cross-regional entity database based on blockchain can well alleviate the above problems.
The distributed ledger features based on blockchain can Effectively guaranteeing the real-time or quasi-real-time sharing of data, it can reduce repeated entry operations of subject information; the use of blockchain information that cannot be tampered with can ensure the authenticity of the data flow process on the chain. The performance of bidders in the regional alliance is directly taken from the data on the chain. This makes it impossible to hide false performance. At the same time, the sharing of bidding behavior data through the blockchain provides a data basis for the development of "joint punishment of dishonest enterprises".
p>
Blockchain-based transaction witness
The document "Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Integration and Sharing of Public Resource Trading Platforms" (State Office Letter [2019] No. 41) points out the need to optimize witness, venue, Information, archives, expert extraction and other services. However, at present, public resource transaction process witnessing is mainly based on manual on-site witnessing, which has limited witnessing strength, high occupation of human resources, and limited witnessing effect. Due to its centralized characteristics, the traditional digital witnessing system is easy to collect data afterwards Be tampered with, and the data is easily damaged or lost during the storage and migration process, which has certain flaws in terms of security and usability.
Utilize the distributed, difficult to tamper, and traceable characteristics of the blockchain to verify each transaction The data generated in each link are solidified and stored as evidence, and the time, content, and number of data generation are accurately recorded through time stamp technology, summary algorithm, and electronic signature technology.According to the source. According to the technical characteristics of the blockchain, simple structured data can be directly saved on the blockchain. For unstructured layout files, videos, audio and other large files, the summary information and original files can be saved through the blockchain. Save via a distributed file storage service. When there are disputes or problems in a transaction, the blockchain can provide a set of credible transaction process data and clarify the responsibilities of all parties involved in the transaction. Achieve the goals of risk prevention and control in all aspects, traceability of the entire process, and improvement of all-round services.
Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates
Promote financial services and corporate financing for bidding companies
Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates
At present, electronic bidding deposit guarantee letters have certain applications in the field of bidding, solving the problem of bidding deposit funds for bidding companies. Occupancy issues. However, because financial institutions currently do not have reliable historical bidding behavior data of bidders, they are unable to judge the default risks of different bidders. As a result, the guarantee services charged to bidders adopt fixed rates, which makes a small number of bids with high default risks The cost of personal guarantee is allocated to most bidders with low default risk, which increases the guarantee rates for most bidders to a certain extent.
At present, it is up to the bidder to choose whether to use an electronic letter of guarantee, and the rate is the main choice basis for the bidder. If the bidder performance records are shared through the blockchain and the performance risks of different bidders are analyzed, it will be Different bidders provide different guarantee rates, which not only reduces the risks of financial institutions, but also reduces the use costs of most bidders and promotes the use of bid guarantees. To a certain extent, it can also encourage bidders to abide by their promises and maintain the order of the bidding market. .
Promote financial services for bidding companies
The bidding behavior of bidders is scattered in various trading centers, and the data is simply aggregated In a centralized information system, there is a risk of data tampering (untrustworthy), and valuable bidder transaction behavior data cannot be gathered and shared safely and reliably. Through blockchain technology, bidders from multiple trading centers are gathered, and historical bidding, winning bids, defaults, violations and other behavioral records provide data support for financial institutions to evaluate the bidders' credit in the bidding sub-sector.
Solving the financing problems of successful bidders
Traditional corporate loans mainly evaluate the company's solvency: collateral, audit There are requirements for accurate financial statements and sustained profitability, but most small and medium-sized enterprises cannot provide these "proofs" at all. Difficulty and expensive financing have become problems faced by many small and medium-sized enterprises in bidding activities. Using the past methods will no longer work. We need to crack down on small and medium-sized enterprises.To solve the problem of financing difficulties in the industry, we can only rely on new technologies and new tools. With the help of the non-tamperable characteristics of blockchain, primary business data from multiple trading centers are gathered, and big data analysis technology is combined to build a portrait of a credible bidder. On the one hand, it improves the risk control level of financial institutions and taps high-quality bidding companies. On the other hand, it lowers the loan threshold for bidding companies and optimizes the service experience.
Drawing on the supply chain finance model, the bidder is a core enterprise with good credit in government departments, national enterprises and institutions, and the winning contract obtained by the winning bidder as a supplier is considered by financial institutions to be a high-quality asset. Apply for a loan from a financial institution. Under the traditional paper-based model, there is a risk of order and contract fraud and the process is cumbersome. Centralized information systems require operators to have strong authority. The distributed ledger and difficult-to-tamper characteristics of the blockchain will help solve the above problems. The contract signing between the tenderer and the bidder and the subsequent financial service links will be realized on the blockchain, which not only solves the problem of data trustworthiness but also reduces the risk of corruption. The entire system relies on a centralized authority.
Through further analysis, we found that credit sales are currently prevalent among domestic enterprises, and the upstream suppliers of the winning bidder have a large funding gap. The credit of the bidder can only be passed to the winning bidder (the winning contract cannot be split or transferred), and the upstream suppliers Business owners are unable to obtain high-quality loans from financial institutions. If the winning contract is converted into a "pass" on the chain, the "pass" can be split, and the winning bidder holding the "pass" can pay part or all of the voucher to the upstream supplier, making it discountable and financing. The "tokens" on the chain can be split and transferred from first-level suppliers to second-level (and multi-level) suppliers, thereby allowing core enterprise credit to be transferred to multi-level suppliers. The shortage of funds from suppliers due to credit sales has been solved, improving the business environment; through value transfer through the blockchain, the financing cycle has been greatly shortened; the cost of supplier loans has been reduced, which will help reduce the production costs of raw materials or intermediate products, and ultimately Increase bidders' profit margins and indirectly reduce bidders' costs.
Regarding blockchain, we can imagine a decentralized management model and technical processing method.
Let me give you an example. There are five people in your family, and they have never been able to figure out how to arrange work and handle family relationships.
So, you and your family discuss it together and simply use voting to solve the problem.
Then this way of voting to solve problems can be called the most elementary blockchain.
Decentralization solves problems.
What application scenarios can blockchain have?
In fact, many of our families and many organizations use blockchain management forms every day
However, this kind of blockchain application for organizational relationships cannot produce Economic Value.
What are the economic applications of blockchain?
The first type is applied to taxationCertificate deposit, bank transfer, etc.
Make full use of the traceability function of the blockchain so that all records can be retrieved and queried at any time
The second type is applied to enterprise operation and management
Enterprises using blockchain management can better solve the problems of enterprise development, allowing enterprises to develop faster and make more money.
Summary: The application scenarios of blockchain include taxation, bank transfers, etc., and can also be applied to business operations.
The characteristics of blockchain are distributed accounting and decentralization, but the ultimate goal is to make people get along more equally. Technology is meaningful only when it serves human values, and technology that meets human value needs will develop. Therefore, blockchain is in line with human pursuit of freedom and equality, so its trend to become mainstream is unstoppable.
Currently, there are many blockchain gimmicks, which are basically used to issue coins. The newly launched ono is a decentralized, free and global social platform. Due to decentralization, your chat communication information is peer-to-peer and cannot be viewed by others. In other words, your every word and deed will no longer be recorded and reviewed at any time like it is now on WeChat, QQ, and Facebook, freeing you from the trouble of surveillance.
In fact, blockchain technology can be used in any field. Information that previously required third-party confirmation can be completed online and confirmed at multiple nodes, making it difficult (almost impossible) to delete.
At present, blockchain is still in its infancy, and the technology is not mature enough, but it is also a better time to enter.
Blockchain is a decentralized technology. Blockchain can be applied to all products currently covered by the Internet.
The most popular application industry at present is the financial industry.
An application that has been implemented is product traceability. Alibaba and JD.com are already using blockchain technology to fully trace the origin of some of the products they sell. Consumers can trace the origin of the purchased products. There are also many blockchain applications in the digital advertising industry. Since traffic fraud in digital advertising causes losses of tens of billions of dollars every year, there are already blockchain application projects based on digital advertising, such as DCAD, which is based on blockchain. The digital advertising application of blockchain technology mainly solves the problem of traffic fraud
In the future, as the application of blockchain technology becomes more mature, it will be applied in many industries, creating a new ecosystem based on technological trust. Mode
What is blockchain If you explain blockchain in non-technical terms, blockchain is a place where data is stored. However, the data stored in the blockchain is safe and reliable and does not need to be managed by anyone. Therefore, in the Internet, a place where data and information are exploding, having such a place will be like a magical treasure land.
If you ask what the blockchain can do, it is better to say what applications need to use the blockchain. As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a safe place, so wherever data needs to be protected securely on the Internet, blockchain technology needs to be used. For example:
Because the use of blockchain technology can better protect the data of policyholders, in today’s Internet, data is value and wealth, so value protection and value transmission are the future development directions of the Internet. And blockchain technology can really do just that.
If there are any deficiencies, you are welcome to comment and correct me.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.
The two parties involved in the transaction do not need to know who the other party is, nor do they need a third party for trust endorsement. They only need to trust a common algorithm to establish mutual trust and conduct direct transactions.
Its characteristics are trustlessness and decentralization. The destruction of each node's ledger has no impact on the entire blockchain. The blockchain runs point-to-point payments without a center that may cheat, and the security is greatly improved. Improved, the entire transaction network has changed from a star structure to a point-to-point P2P structure.
In the future, blockchain will be used in many fields and will have a great impact on human life. . It can be widely used in fields ranging from digital currency to securities and financial contracts, medical care, games, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, Internet of Things, e-commerce, file storage and other fields.
1. Cloud storage
This is the statistics of current cloud storage on the Internet. In terms of volume, Google has the largest volume, which is 8,000PB. So what if we share the idle data on the Internet?
Starlight Cloud builds a blockchain data computing and storage lake through Starlight Chain, with a total storage capacity of 15,000P (approximately 15.72864 billion G) in the future. This will be more than 10 times that of Alibaba Cloud's 1500PB! It is also more than four times the size of the Taizhou Storage Center, the largest storage lake in the world after expansion.
2. Medical aspects
Using blockchain technology to save personal medical records also retains personal medical historical data, which can be used when seeing a doctor or planning for your own health in the future. Historical data can be called directly. These data are highly private, and the use of blockchain technology also helps protect patient privacy.
『五』Can the ambition of “Libra” match its capabilities?
It does not match, because Facebook’s ambition is very big, but it But it has big disadvantages and I don’t pay attention to it.When it comes to its own development, it pays more attention to interests.
Facebook has great ambitions. It will continue to introduce new technologies on desktop and mobile devices, and these new products and applications will be promoted around the world. Facebook is dissatisfied with its ability to communicate and interact on social networks, information publishing, and online. It seeks to leverage its vast global network and user base to expand penetration into other areas and gain greater benefit and influence. But Facebook has many problems, especially in terms of information security, which has been widely criticized.
It is a digital currency based on the Facebook social network and global user base, and is actually a super currency. Second-class sovereign currency. Please click to enter the image to describe many analyzes and comments. If Facebook's "Libra Currency" project is implemented, it will not only have a huge impact on the global digital economy (especially Internet applications), but may also subvert the banking industry and seriously affect fiat currencies. Countries' credit currencies and sovereign currencies will face a series of other problems, the consequences of which are unimaginable.
『Lu』What is digital currency? Electronic currency that can be paid without the Internet is very different from Alipay
Electronic currency was born, and the news is constantly refreshing...
< p> The English abbreviation of the Central Bank of China's digital currency is called "DC/EP"——DC=digital currency is digital currency
EP=electronic payment is electronic payment
The name DC/EP points out the dual attributes of the central bank's digital currency: it is legal currency, equivalent to RMB cash; at the same time, it is also an electronic payment tool with transaction attributes.
Digital currency is a digital form of legal tender, issued by the central bank, and belongs to M0,
M0: cash in circulation, that is, banknotes and coins
M1: Narrow money, including all M0 and unit demand deposits
M2: broad money, including M1 and resident demand time deposits, unit time deposits and other deposits
It sounds a bit troublesome and difficult to understand. ?
See the essence through the phenomenon:
Since 1971, the Nixon administration of the United States announced that the U.S. dollar was completely decoupled from gold. Since then, the currencies issued by countries around the world have basically been credit currencies.
Credit currency is a currency that is stipulated by national law and is forced to circulate independently and performs monetary functions independently and is not based on any precious metal.
In this way, in principle, the country can print as much money as it wants, but it cannot print more than it wants, otherwise it will lead to inflation. Therefore, the country must always keep track of the amount of currency in circulation in society.
SocietyThe money you buy is roughly divided into M0, M1, and M2
M0 is the money you can use immediately, M1 is the money you need to pay with a bank card, and M2 belongs to you but you have to take it out and turn it into M0. Or money that can only be used by M1.
Digital currency has the same status as paper money.
However, banknotes are not traceable. Many gang transactions will include banknotes. In the future, they will be fully supervised after digitization.
Digital currencies that refer to blockchain technology clearly record the information of each transaction.
There is also a feature that is very scary when you think about it. We have all heard that developed countries have even negative interest rates on deposits in order to encourage national entrepreneurial investment.
The more money you save, not only will you not get interest, you will even have to pay money.
In order to cope with this policy, you only need to convert it into cash and just keep it at home.
The emergence of digital currency may prevent you from being lucky, because digital currency is clearly seen by the country, and the only thing you can do is to spend or invest the money quickly
Central bank digital currency is a A legal tender equivalent to cash.
This is very different from Bitcoin and the Libra coin launched by Facebook.
Bitcoin and Libra are virtual currencies without national credit endorsement and are not legally compensable.
The money in Alipay and WeChat should be classified as M1 or M2. Digital currency is born noble, and the status of M0 is superior.
Some merchants will refuse to accept Alipay or WeChat, but no organization or individual may refuse to accept the digital currency as M0. Digital currency is a monetary tool, while Alipay and WeChat are just payment tools.
Although Alipay and WeChat are large enough, the possibility of bankruptcy is not ruled out. The credit of Internet companies cannot be compared with that of commercial banks, and the credit of commercial banks cannot be compared with that of the country.
Transfers cannot be made between Alipay and WeChat, and there is no such intrigue between companies in digital currency.
Alipay and WeChat generally require an Internet connection to be used, while digital currencies do not rely on the Internet.
The central bank’s digital currency can be traded offline, which is far superior to Alipay and WeChat’s pay-first-come-first-served option. It is worth looking forward to.
Although the technology behind it is unknown, it is estimated that it can only be used for small amounts, similar to the function of a credit card, otherwise it will be difficult to avoid someone doing evil and spending money twice.
『撒』New knowledge｜What is digital currency and why is it so important?
According to the general definition of Western economics, any generally accepted payment instrument can be regarded as currency. Virtual currency is only an electronic payment tool used to purchase goods and services in specific social scenarios (such as online games), and therefore is not a digital currency.
For example, QQ coins are a payment tool that can be used in related games owned by Tencent. LeaveWithout the social scene of Tencent Games, it is no longer a widely accepted payment tool. The familiar Bitcoin has similar properties, except that Bitcoin is technically more complete than QQ Coin. Therefore, from this perspective, Bitcoin is not a digital currency in the complete sense.
If some digital assets can be generally accepted by the whole society as payment instruments, then these digital assets can be called digital currencies. Digital currencies can be issued by the government (or central bank) or by the private sector. Digital currencies issued by governments (or central banks) are called legal digital currencies.
For example, the "Central Bank Digital Currency (DCEP)" that is undergoing closed testing by the People's Bank of China is a digital currency issued by the central bank.
Digital currencies can also be issued by private institutions, such as Libra, which is being developed by Facebook. After it is officially launched, there will be more than two billion users around the world using the platform in various trading scenarios. Such large-scale use and widespread acceptance make Libra a veritable digital currency. Of course, when consumers in various countries use Libra coins, they must also comply with the regulatory requirements of their own national laws and regulations.
First, the issuance of digital currency broadens the scope of original monetary policy options. If all physical currency can be converted into digital currency, this will make it possible for the central bank to break through the zero lower bound of interest rates and reduce nominal interest rates to negative.
In addition, digital currency also provides a new quantitative easing tool. The central bank issues an equal amount of digital currency to every citizen in the form of free payment, which can directly bypass the inefficient financial system during the crisis. market, improving citizens’ ability to consume and repay debt, making it easier to achieve the central bank’s monetary policy goal of calming volatility.
Second, digital currency can make monetary policy more transparent. Economic theory generally believes that the implementation of monetary policy should be systematic and transparent, which can enhance the effectiveness of the monetary transmission mechanism, reduce internal noise, and strengthen the stability of the system.
Although, central banks of various countries have made significant progress in this regard by controlling inflation targets. The implementation of central bank digital currencies provides an opportunity to increase the transparency of central bank monetary policy frameworks. By adopting a central bank digital currency, like the inflation targeting system, the central bank can establish a fixed price level target specified by a specific price index, thus providing a durable, credible and transparent nominal anchor for the economic system.
Third, the issuance of digital currency can solve the problem of reduced physical cash and bring some seigniorage to the central bank. With the rise of mobile payment methods and mobile payment applications, the importance of cash in society is gradually decreasing.
With the demise of paper money, the only form of money circulating in the economy will be residents’ banksdeposits, the central bank could lose the power to issue banknotes to the public. Additionally, under the current system, seigniorage can only be obtained through the issuance of physical cash. Therefore, when ordinary people are less willing to hold cash, providing a convenient central bank digital currency that can be connected to electronic payment systems can allow the central bank to regain part of the seigniorage.
Fourth, digital currency can increase the stability of the financial system. From a technical perspective, digital currencies allow residents, businesses and non-bank financial institutions to settle directly with central bank digital currencies. This can share part of the settlement functions of commercial banks and reduce the concentration of liquidity and credit risks in the payment system.
Of course, in specific policy practice, due to the need for policy stability, the central bank’s digital currency can also be issued and operated relying on the commercial banking system. In addition, central bank-issued digital currencies could provide a truly risk-free alternative to bank deposits. The shift of residents from holding bank deposits to holding digital cash reduces part of the need for government guarantees on deposits and weakens a source of moral hazard in the financial system.
Finally, digital currencies can encourage competition and innovation in payment systems and increase the benefits of financial inclusion. The issuance of digital currencies will greatly simplify the process of applying for payment accounts for new entrants in the payment field, therefore posing a challenge to the existing banking system. At the same time, it also reduces the need for most small banks and non-banks to make payments through large banks. And, by establishing a mobile payment system, issuing a digital cash available to all citizens, and allowing any citizen to hold an account with a central bank, those who are financially excluded from traditional banking can also be included in the modern financial system. Come.
(Author: Fan Zhiyong. He is a researcher at the National Academy of Development and Strategy and a professor at the School of Economics at Renmin University of China)
『8』 Japanese media: These six central banks announced that they will join forces to study digital currency
Japanese media said that six central banks, including the Bank of Japan and the European Central Bank, announced on January 21 that they would cooperate to form a new institution to issue a central bank digital currency (CBDC) to share knowledge and knowledge on CBDC technical issues. experience. Facebook in the United States plans to issue the digital currency "Libra", and China is also studying the issue of digital currency. In response to the dramatic changes in the international environment surrounding the payment field, the Bank of Japan and the European Central Bank hope to establish a safe and convenient payment method.
According to the "Nihon Keizai Shimbun" report on January 22, the newly established organization is called the "Group for Assessing the Utilization Possibility of Central Bank Digital Currency." Six central banks and the Bank for International Settlements, including the Bank of Japan, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England, the Riksbank, the Swiss National Bank and the Bank of Canada, will participate. The U.S. Federal Reserve and the People's Bank of China did not join the new agency. The new agency currently plans to carry out activities as a fixed member. In doing so, it also hopes to stimulate the Federal Reserve, which is wary of central bank digital currencies.
According to reports, the Bank of Japan and the European Central Bank are collaborating on research on "distributed ledger (blockchain)", the basic technology of digital currency, while the Bank of England and the Bank of Canada are collaborating on research on cross-border central bank digital currency. These central banks believe that the knowledge and experience accumulated through this should be shared more deeply.
According to the report, specifically, in addition to studying the advantages of existing payment systems compared with central bank digital currencies, the new agency will also address issues such as whether to set interest rates on central bank digital currencies and what methods to adopt. Come up with research results. Central bank digital currency is different from paper money. Related information such as when, who and where used central bank digital currency can be fully grasped.
However, how to deal with the confidentiality of personal information and how to maintain a balance with anti-money laundering countermeasures will become the focus of discussion. Defending against cyberattacks is also a topic that requires joint research.
According to reports, the world’s major central banks, represented by the Bank of Japan, have always adopted the stance of “undergoing research but not planning to issue it soon” regarding central bank digital currencies. However, Facebook, which has 2 billion users worldwide, announced the issuance of “Libra” last year. If "Libra", which is outside the framework of legal currencies such as the Japanese yen and the US dollar, becomes popular, the effectiveness of monetary policy is likely to be weakened.
Therefore, the G7 and the G20 unanimously decided to contain the "Libra" and increase restrictions and supervision.
Reports believe that the reason why Facebook issued “Libra” is that users are dissatisfied with the “expensive and slow” existing international remittance services. Central banks at the center of the payment system have shown an attitude of cooperating in issuing central bank digital currencies, hoping to promote technological innovation in private enterprises.
Data picture: American Facebook plans to issue the digital currency "Libra". (Reuters)
『玖』 The three main factors used by Song Hongbing to replace currency
The three main factors used by Song Hongbing to replace currency are the integration mode, the independent mode, and the compromise mode. model.
1. The integration model of ledger and currency represented by the Bank of England (blockchain ledger + digital currency, that is, the centralized Bitcoin model).
2. The Central Bank of China’s ledger and currency are independent of each other (i.e. bank account + independent encrypted digital currency, while the blockchain ledger only serves a statistical purpose).
3. Facebook’s Libra currency’s compromise model (i.e. blockchain ledger + traditional sovereign currency). This is a strategically important issue. The fate of the currency will ultimately be the fate of the country.
『Shi』Big official announcement! Digital RMB is coming, and it can still be used even if the mobile phone has no signal
In the era of digital economy, people have higher and higher requirements for payment security and convenience, and the development and application of legal digital currencies have also become a general trend.
In recent years, many countries around the world have stepped up research on digital currencies, and China is no exception. At present, my country’s digital RMB research and development work is progressing steadily.
Recently, the Ministry of Commerce issued the "Notice on Issuing the Overall Plan for Comprehensively Deepening the Pilot Program for Innovative Development of Trade in Services", which announced the digital RMB pilot areas.
At present, the digital RMB pilot is still a "4+1", that is, internal closed pilot testing will be conducted first in Shenzhen, Suzhou, Xiongan New Area, Chengdu and future Winter Olympics scenes. There is no change. Relevant people pointed out that the 28 pilot projects in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, etc. uploaded online are actually pilot projects for comprehensively deepening the innovative development of service trade.
What is digital RMB?
Will cash payments be replaced in the future?
For Chinese consumers, mobile payment has been deeply integrated into our daily lives. You may have such doubts: What exactly is the digital renminbi? How is it different from the electronic payment methods we are familiar with? Will cash be replaced in the future?
my country’s legal digital currency is a combination of digital currency and electronic payment tools by the People’s Bank of China, with the goal of replacing part of cash. Simply put, the People's Bank of China digital currency can be regarded as digital RMB cash.
Digital currency is essentially different from virtual currencies such as Bitcoin and "Libra". The latter has no national credit and is not legally compensable; while the People's Bank of China digital currency is guaranteed by national credit. A legal tender that has the same effect as cash in this regard.
From the perspective of usage scenarios, the central bank’s digital currency does not charge interest and can be used in small-amount, retail, and high-frequency business scenarios. It is not much different from the use of banknotes. It does not rely on bank accounts and payment accounts, and can be used as long as users have a digital currency wallet. Not only that, the central bank’s digital currency uses the latest dual offline technology and can still be used even when there is no mobile phone signal.
Dong Ximiao, a distinguished researcher at the National Finance and Development Laboratory, said that as long as mobile phones equipped with digital currency wallets are touched together, transfers or payments can be easily completed.
Experts said that in the future, central bank digital currency will replace part of cash, but it will not completely replace banknotes. Dong Ximiao, a distinguished researcher at the National Finance and Development Laboratory, said that banknotes will exist for a long time in our country, and our user habits are also different. Cash payments and non-cash payments will coexist for a long time.
At the same time, the digital currency issued by the central bank starts from replacing banknotes and coins in circulation. That is to say, assuming that the current currency in circulation is 100 yuan, the central bank’s digital currency will replace the 100 yuan equivalently. Yuan.
Xu Yuan, senior researcher at Peking University Digital Finance Research Center: The new digital currency and banknotes are exchangeable on a one-to-one basis, so now commercial banks must exchange the previous currency to obtain this digital currency, and the total amount will not be increased during the pilot.
When can digital RMB be used?
Although it has entered the pilot testing stage, this does not mean that the digital renminbi has truly been implemented. Before it is officially put into use, it still needs to test the theoretical reliability, system stability, risk controllability and other aspects. .
The central bank has also stated many times that there is no timetable for the launch of digital renminbi. If the pilot test of digital renminbi goes well, we may be able to get a glimpse of it at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.
Digital RMB is coming! The Ministry of Commerce recently issued the "Overall Plan for Comprehensively Deepening the Pilot Program for the Innovative Development of Trade in Services", which mentioned "carrying out digital renminbi pilot projects in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and qualified pilot areas in the central and western regions." Promoting the use of digital renminbi in areas with the most developed economy and strongest foreign trade strength in China will undoubtedly have a positive impact on China's digital innovation in service trade and the internationalization of renminbi.
Digital currency replaces cash in circulating currency and provides a new digital payment method in addition to current electronic payments such as bank accounts and bank cards. With industrial upgrading and high-quality economic development, the service industry has become a pillar industry for economic development and employment creation. After entering the era of digital economy, digital trade has become a new trend in international trade. Countries have formulated industrial policies to stimulate the development of the digital economy and seize a favorable position in the international industrial chain value chain. China's increased innovation efforts and promotion of the use of digital renminbi will help enhance the international competitiveness of trade in services and promote China's transformation from a large trading country to a powerful trading country.
First, adapt to the requirements of economic digitalization and enhance the ability of finance to serve the real economy. Digital technology is the core of a new round of technological revolution and the key to reconstructing the global industrial chain value chain. Whichever country can take the lead in extensively applying digital technology in manufacturing and service industries will be able to gain greater technological advantages, higher total factor productivity and more added value of trade. Since the international financial crisis in 2008, China has increased investment in scientific and technological research and development and "Internet +" innovation, and is committed to developing from "Made in China" to "Created in China" and "Serviced in China". Finance is the blood of economic development and the most important producer service industry. The digitalization of the economy has profoundly changed the financial industry and operating models, with most financial services shifting from offline to online. Digital currency is an innovative achievement of digital technology in the field of currency. As long as you have a mobile phone, you can buy, sell and pay even if you don't have a bank account, which greatly improves financial inclusion and enhances consumer convenience.
The second is to leverage China’s advantages in 5G technology and digital currency to expand trade scale. Conduct digital RMB pilot projects in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and qualified pilot areas in the central and western regions, and gradually improve the digital currency issuance, use, and risk control systems and mechanisms, which can be exploredTo form a new e-commerce platform C-side cross-border retail trade payment paths and channels, to connect with high-frequency application scenarios that are closely related to consumers’ lives. Digital trade such as e-commerce and online trade is in the ascendant, and the C-side trade space and development potential are huge. The use of digital renminbi in cross-border trade means that countries with underdeveloped financial industries and high financial constraints, or financial institutions outside China, Countries with fewer people and inconvenient opening of bank accounts will provide a new, convenient and safe payment method, which will help expand China's trade scale and promote the diversified development of trade.
The third is to create a new business card of "China Service" to enhance the international image and influence of the RMB. If in the past ten years, high-speed rail has been a shining business card representing China’s speed; then in the next ten years, the digital renminbi will become a shining business card of China’s financial innovation. Earlier in 2020, pilots for the use of digital currency were conducted in specific consumption scenarios in Shenzhen, Chengdu, Suzhou, Xiongan New Area and other places. The Central Bank's Digital Currency Research Institute also formally reached a strategic cooperation agreement with Didi Chuxing to jointly research and explore the scenario innovation and application of legal digital currency in the field of smart travel. Digital currency is the product of digital technology. The application of digital technology requires technical support such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and cloud computing, as well as information platforms such as 5G. The use of digital currency embodies China’s institutional mechanisms, models and technological innovations based on the digital economy. Taking the lead in using digital currencies and promoting currency upgrades marks China's firm determination to develop a green economy and strong innovation capabilities, and is conducive to enhancing the image and international acceptance of the RMB as representing advanced technology.
Currently, digital currency is a new thing, and its promotion and application will not be smooth sailing. Especially when promoting the use of digital renminbi in cross-border trade, you may encounter many difficulties in payment habits, risk management, payment systems, financial supervision, infrastructure, etc. This requires accurate positioning, clarifying the scope of use of digital currency, and grasping the balanced relationship between development and risk management; at the same time, we should strengthen the construction of new infrastructure and consolidate the foundation for the operation of digital currency; increase financial openness and reduce controls on trade payments. , improve the convenience of using RMB and enhance the subjective initiative of enterprises and individuals to use RMB for payment.
