区块链中的分叉是什么意思啊,区块链中的分叉是什么意思呀

区块链中的分叉是指，当一个区块链网络中出现了两种不同的技术规则时，就会发生分叉的情况。这种情况通常是由于网络中的节点出现了不同的技术升级，或者是由于网络中的节点出现了不同的算法变化，导致网络中出现了两种不同的技术规则。

接下来，我们将重点介绍三个与区块链中的分叉有关的关键词，分别是：硬分叉、软分叉和重组。

硬分叉是指，当网络中出现不同的技术规则时，网络会自动分割成两个独立的网络，这种情况就叫做硬分叉。硬分叉的特点是，两个网络之间不会有任何交互，也不会有任何数据交换，它们完全独立，彼此之间不会有任何影响。

软分叉是指，当网络中出现不同的技术规则时，网络不会自动分割成两个独立的网络，而是采用一种可以让两个网络之间保持交互的方式，这种情况就叫做软分叉。软分叉的特点是，两个网络之间可以进行数据交换，可以进行交互，但是它们之间也不会有任何影响。

重组是指，当网络中出现不同的技术规则时，网络可以采用重组的方式来解决分叉问题。重组的特点是，它可以让网络中的节点重新组合，把不同的技术规则融合在一起，这样就可以解决分叉问题，维持网络的稳定性。

以上就是关于区块链中的分叉的介绍，以及相关关键词：硬分叉、软分叉和重组的介绍。通过了解这些关键词，我们可以更好地理解区块链中的分叉，从而更好地应对分叉带来的挑战。

㈠ What is a forked currency?

The fork of digital currency is like a tree growing new branches. In the Bitcoin blockchain, in the original Some chains derive new products called forks.

Why fork? With the sharp rise in value, the original block setting will cause a slow and congested situation. The reason why Bitcoin forked is because the Bitcoin community has inconsistent opinions on "Bitcoin expansion". Some people have proposed to The maximum value of this field is increased because different concepts have given rise to N types of expansion plans, and the inability to unify the various plans will lead to bifurcation.

Bitcoin's forks are divided into "soft forks" and "hard forks". Soft forks can be regarded as a version update and the archive is inherited, while hard forks are a new version and the previous version. The archive is incompatible. Since the code of Bitcoin is completely open source, anyone can make changes to it, or completely apply the template to issue other currencies. Therefore, Bitcoin has actually developed in various ways during the issuance process. These small changes do not pose a threat to Bitcoin itself. The majority of Bitcoin users will choose the version that suits them best. If there is no user support, then copying the same code and making changes is just a person's own entertainment. Soft forks will not have a big negative impact on Bitcoin. After all, most software updates are just to optimize the user experience. Hard forks are different. When some Bitcoin users come up with new ideas and gain considerable recognition, the block There are two chains. The new one cannot share data with the other one after a certain block. We regard the original blockchain as chain A, and the new blockchain as chain B. After such a hard fork, three situations will occur. Chain A has more users, and chain B is abandoned; chain B has more users. If there are too many, chain A will be abandoned; in both cases, it will be like a soft fork, with one of them "inheriting the throne." In the third case, there are people supporting both chain A and chain B. This can be called a hard enough hard fork, but this has not happened in Bitcoin so far.

㈡ Why does the blockchain fork?

Forks are the core of the blockchain experience, similar to system upgrades. To “fork” a chain is essentially to make changes to the software that runs the blockchain. Depending on the situation, there are many issues caused by forks, some of which can quickly reach consensus, while others are extremely controversial. In a centralized system, software upgrades are extremely simple and only require iterative updates such as patches or compatibility of certain functions. In a decentralized system, upgrading is far from simple and easy. It requires reaching a consensus among the nodes or transaction parties on the chain. When making some major functional improvements, they are often opposed by some people in the community. Once more than 2/3 of the people disagree, then they have to choose other ways to create their own protocols and branch blockchains, so Bifurcation will occur. In Bitcoin, this is implemented in the form of Bitcoin software (also called the Bitcoin protocol), which determines the rules for everyone, including block size, rewards for miners, etc. If everyone uses Bitcoin, they must agree to this agreement. Similar to the laws of the country, everyone must obey them. However, it is not just Bitcoin, but also other encrypted digital currencies. As a software project, there is always room for improvement. Therefore, technical updates and development are basically moving forward. Bitcoin developers update software by (Bitcoin protocol) to solve problems or enhance functionality. Simply put, as long as there are differences of opinion, protocol improvements (new additions, upgrades), etc. in the blockchain network, forks may occur. In fact, it is not difficult to understand when talking about forks. Taking Bitcoin as an example, Bitcoin forks can be divided into two major categories: Bitcoin protocol and storage transaction system. The Bitcoin protocol is completely open source. If you want to create your own branch blockchain, you must first copy the Bitcoin software source code, and then make appropriate modifications according to your own needs. Finally, the specified block number is used to start the Bitcoin fork and take effect, which is actually equivalent to the timing instructions in the centralized system program. For example, it can be specified that the fork will take effect when the block number reaches 10000. When the instruction transmitted by the block number is sent to the community, it will be divided into two parts. One part supports the original protocol and the other part supports the fork protocol. Then each part will add new ones again. blocks to the chain they support.

㈢ What is a fork currency?

In the discussion of blockchain and digital currencies such as Bitcoin, we often hear
“fork”
This word, so what exactly is a fork? What impact will bifurcation have?
Blockchain
Before talking about forks, let’s popularize a little knowledge about blockchain. This will make it easier for us to understand what a fork is (if you have no idea about blockchain, you are welcome to Read my previous articles, they are all popular words to help you understand what blockchain is).
Blockchain, as the name suggests, is a chain composed of blocks. Of course, this chain is just a metaphor. To put it bluntly, it means that data blocks are connected in an orderly manner. In Bitcoin, Bitcoin transaction records are stored in blocks. The size of the block and the space occupied by the transaction records determine how many transaction records can be stored in a block. These transaction records are packaged into blocks, and then the blocks are connected one by one to form a blockchain.
Why Forks
We know that Bitcoin software, like other software, needs regular updates and modifications to make it better. So a new version will appear, but since not everyone downloads the new version, some miners will run the old version, and some will run the new version. Once the old and new versions are incompatible, the blockchain will Will split. Because there may be differences between the version of the block and the old version of the block, they cannot be connected to the same blockchain, so there will be two chains, or evenMultiple chains, this is a fork.
Soft fork
Soft fork means that when the new consensus rules are released, nodes that have not been upgraded will produce illegal blocks because they do not know the new consensus rules, which will cause temporary Sexual bifurcation. This fork will be gradually repaired as the node is upgraded.
Hard fork
A hard fork refers to a permanent divergence in the blockchain. After the new consensus rules are released, some nodes that have not been upgraded cannot verify the blocks produced by the upgraded nodes. Usually A hard fork will happen. Therefore, in the field of digital currency, hard forks often lead to the emergence of new currencies. For example, the hard fork of Ethereum led to the emergence of
eth.

㈣ What is a fork coin?

Fork coins, as the name suggests, come from the concept of "fork" in the blockchain. The early forks of Bitcoin were a compromise solution to the problem of Bitcoin’s block expansion.
A fork means an incomplete upgrade of Bitcoin. After the upgrade, some non-upgraded nodes refuse to verify the blocks produced by the upgraded nodes, but the upgraded nodes can verify the blocks produced by the non-upgraded nodes. block, thus splitting two chains.
There are now a proliferation of altcoins in the market, which are actually forked coins.
A typical forked currency operation is: by announcing a forked currency, each user is given a special new "forked currency" and "candy" at a ratio of 1:1.
After users generally obtain the new coins after the fork, transaction demand will naturally arise. At this time, public opinion can be guided to force the exchange to list the currency with the huge number of users and transaction demand.
After the currency is listed on the exchange, holders of the forked currency first use a certain amount of capital to raise the price of the forked currency, creating the illusion of popularity, and then sell their "pre-mined" forked currency for arbitrage.
However, players can also think that some forked coins are valuable and follow up. Therefore, forked currency exchanges are also valuable. There are still many such activities, such as bitfinx, coin rise, coin An et al.

㈤ What is a fork of the Bitcoin blockchain?

Forks are distinguished from ordinary upgrades. Ordinary upgrades do not affect the protocol consensus before and after the upgrade, and generally do not Requires the participation of community consensus or computing power consensus. Forks are divided into soft forks and hard forks based on the modifications to the protocol.

Existing definitions:

[Lightning Definition] Hard fork refers to the Bitcoin block format or transaction format (this is the widely circulated "consensus" (should be When part of the protocol consensus)) changes, non-upgraded nodes refuse to verify the blocks produced by the upgraded nodes, but the upgraded nodes can verify the blocks produced by the non-upgraded nodes, and then everyone continues the chain they think is correct. , so it is divided into two chains.

A permanent divergence in the the block chain, commonly occurs when non-upgraded nodes can't validate blocks created by upgraded nodes that follow newer consensus rules.

[Lightning Definition] Soft fork refers to the data structure of Bitcoin transactions (this is what is widely considered When the circulating "consensus" (should be a partial protocol consensus) changes, non-upgraded nodes can verify blocks produced by upgraded nodes, and upgraded nodes can also verify blocks produced by non-upgraded nodes. .

A temporary fork in the block chain which commonly occurs when miners using non-upgraded nodes violate a new consensus rule their nodes don't know about.

I don't think I can say Which definition is correct or wrong? The specific definition can be summarized by yourself based on the difference between the two that has reached consensus in the community. There is no need for authority to specify.

Hard fork: There is no forward compatibility, the previous version will no longer be usable and a forced upgrade is required.

Soft fork: It has good compatibility. At least some functions of the previous version are available and does not need to be upgraded.

Hard fork: There will be two forked chains at the blockchain level, one original chain and one forked new chain.

Soft fork: There is no forked chain at the blockchain level, just blocks that make up the chain, including new blocks and old blocks.

Hard fork: Everyone needs to agree to the fork upgrade at a certain point in time. Those who disagree will enter the original chain.

Soft fork: For a long period of time, it is allowed not to upgrade, but to continue to use the original version to generate old blocks and coexist with new blocks

㈥ Gate.io Open Sesame What is the difference between soft and hard forks

We often see some information about blockchain forks. What exactly is a fork and why does it happen?
In fact, the difference is The fork of the blockchain is to upgrade the software running on the blockchain network. A fork will occur when consensus cannot be reached.
At present, there are two common forks in blockchain, one is soft fork and the other is hard fork.
Soft fork is easy to understand, that is, after some software upgrades, the unupgraded version can accept upgraded network node information. Its unique feature is that it allows delayed node upgrades and supports forward and backward compatibility of the upgraded version. And after all nodes are upgraded, the soft fork will disappear.
A hard fork is different from a soft fork. It is a permanent split. Unupgraded nodes cannot verify the blocks created by upgraded nodes. It forces all nodes on the network to upgrade to the latest version before they can use new features. .
The current forks of the blockchain network are all intended to solve certain problems existing on the original chain. For example, BTC's hard fork BCH solved the problem of low storage capacity of the original blockchain. The ETH hard fork was caused by hackers who wanted to recover stolen assets through rollback. And after a successful hard fork, the original asset holders can often obtain the same number or a certain proportion of the new forked coins. This is to promote the circulation and acceptance of the new currency by the public, which is a real pie in the sky.
Generally, new forked coins will cause violent fluctuations in the price of the original currency when they first come out. It will take a period of time for the market to stabilize, so the value of the new currency still takes time to prove.

㈦ Why does the blockchain fork and what happens when the fork occurs?

There may be many reasons for the formation of a fork in the blockchain.

When two nodes dig mines at almost the same time and release blocks at the same time, a temporary fork (state fork) occurs.

Essentially, there are differences of opinion on the current status of the Bitcoin blockchain.

When a forking attack is artificially launched, it is a deliberate fork. Another type of fork is when the Bitcoin protocol changes and the software needs to be upgraded. In a distributed system, it is not guaranteed that all nodes will upgrade the software at the same time. If some nodes are not upgraded, it will lead to protocol fork. Depending on the content of the protocol modifications, forks can be divided into hard forks and soft forks;

The Bitcoin protocol adds new protocols and expands new functions. Older nodes that have not upgraded their software will not recognize these modifications and will consider these features to be illegal. This is a disagreement over the content of the Bitcoin protocol, resulting in a fork called a hard fork. At this time, new nodes will always mine along the chain generated by the new node, and old nodes will always mine along the old node chain. Because the computing power of the new node is strong enough, two chains are formed that are always extending and parallel. . As long as these old nodes are never updated, the old chain will continue, which shows that this fork is persistent.

After the hard fork appeared, it became two parallel chains, which caused the community to split. Some people in the community think that the following chains are the most up-and-coming, and the currencies on each chain are independent. A major event in the history of Ethereum is the hard fork event. Ethereum is called ETH, but the ETH we see now is no longer the original ETH. Ethereum has had a hard fork in history, and the other chain is called ETC. In fact, ETC is the original protocol designed by Ethereum, and ETH is the protocol chain that was rolled back after hackers attacked the previous smart contract THE DAO on ETH (the Ethereum coins stolen by hackers were rolled back using a hard fork. to another smart contract and then returned to the true owner).

At the beginning of the fork, a lot of trouble arose due to the mutual influence of the two chain forks. For example: there is a transfer B->C on the ETH chain, and someone plays it back on the ETC chain and transfers the currency page on the ETC chain to C (C receives two amounts of money). Later, a chainID was added to each of the two chains to distinguish the two chains, so that the two chains were truly separated.

If restrictions are added to the BTC protocol so that original legal transactions are illegal in new transactions, a soft fork will form.

When most nodes have been updated, the old nodes recognize the blocks mined by the new nodes, so they publish the blocks they mined, but the new nodes do not recognize the blocks mined by the old nodes. , and continue mining along the blocks released by the last new node. When the new node has most of the computing power, the new chain will become longer and longer, so the blocks dug and released by the old node have been abandoned and cannot be Obtaining block rewards will eventually force old nodes to upgrade their software, allowing all nodes to recognize the new protocol and upgrade it. It can be seen that as long as more than half of the computing power nodes in the system update the software, such forks will not become permanent. P2SH in Bitcoin Script was added through the soft fork method.



I didn’t find much information on this part, but in most consensus protocols we assume that more than half of the computing power is needed;
< br /> In theory, if you master more than 50% of the computing power, you will have the absolute advantage of obtaining accounting rights, you can generate blocks faster, and you will also have the right to tamper with blockchain data. Therefore, when more than half of the computing power, that is, 51%, is honest and reliable, it can ensure that the entire blockchain operates legally and orderly.

  But why choose more than half of the computing power instead of more than half of the users? Anyone can join the Bitcoin system, and creating an account is extremely simple. You only need to generate a public and private key pair locally. Only when transferring money (transaction) can the Bitcoin system know the existence of the account. In this way, a hacker can use a computer to specifically generate a large number of public and private key pairs. When the number of public and private key pairs exceeds half of the number in the system, a hacker can gain dominance (Sibyl attack). Therefore, the Bitcoin system cleverly uses computing power as the basis for voting.

㈧ What are soft forks and hard forks in the blockchain?

Based on whether the forked blockchain is compatible with the old blockchain, forks are divided into "Hard fork" and "soft fork". What are soft forks and hard forks? A hard fork refers to when the Bitcoin code changes and the old nodes refuse to accept the blocks created by the new nodes. Blocks that do not comply with the original rules will be ignored, and miners will follow the original rules and create new blocks after the last block they verified. A soft fork means that the old nodes will not be aware of the changes in the Bitcoin code and continue to accept blocks created by new nodes. Miners may work on blocks they have no understanding of, or validation of. Both soft forks and hard forks are "backwards compatible" to ensure that new nodes can verify the blockchain from scratch. Backward compatibility means that new software accepts data or code generated by old software. For example, Windows 10 can run Windows XP applications. Soft forks can also be "forward compatible". Forward compatibility means that old software can accept data and code generated by new software. For example, if a document you saved with Word 2013 can still be opened with Word 2011, it is a kind of "forward compatibility."

㈨ What are hard forks and soft forks in Bitcoin and what are their respective characteristics

To put it simply, hard forks are produced because of differences in compatibility. Soft forks are temporary, while hard forks are permanent.

The blockchain has a permanent divergence. After the new consensus rules are released, some nodes that have not been upgraded in time have no way to verify the blocks generated by the upgraded nodes. At this time, a hard fork will occur. For hard forks, the definition in the industry is this. A hard fork means that when Bitcoin’s block format or transaction format (also known as “consensus”) changes, nodes that have not been upgraded will refuse to verify the Blocks produced by nodes that have completed the upgrade. Nodes that have been upgraded can verify blocks generated by non-upgraded nodes. Then everyone continues the chain they think is correct. Therefore, it is divided into two chains: the new chain and the old chain.

Soft fork has the following characteristics:

1. It has good compatibility. Some functions of the previous version are available and there is no need to upgrade.

2. There is no forked chain at the blockchain level, but the blocks of the chain are divided into old and new blocks;

3. For a long period of time, it is allowed not to upgrade, but to continue to use the original version to generate old blocks and co-exist with the new block.