区块链的版本,区块链编号查询

区块链是一种分布式账本技术，它可以记录任何类型的数据，比如货币、资产、交易等。根据区块链的版本和区块链编号，我们可以探究到三个相关关键词：区块链技术、区块链安全和区块链应用。

区块链技术

区块链技术是一种分布式数据存储技术，它使用密码学和分布式账本技术来保护数据的安全性，并可以实现去中心化的数据共享。它的核心思想是将数据分成一个个区块，每个区块中存储着一定量的信息，并且每个区块都有一个唯一的编号，这样就可以实现数据的追溯和验证。

此外，区块链技术还具有去中心化的特性，它可以保护用户的隐私，并且可以有效防止数据被篡改。另外，区块链技术还具有自动执行合约的功能，这可以有效减少交易的中间环节，提高交易效率。

区块链安全

区块链安全是指区块链系统的安全性，它主要是指防止数据被篡改、抵赖和滥用等行为。区块链安全的核心思想是分布式账本技术，它可以将数据分成一个个区块，每个区块都有一个唯一的编号，并且每个区块都有一个唯一的数字签名，这样就可以防止数据被篡改。

此外，区块链安全还包括加密技术，它可以保护用户的隐私，并且可以有效防止数据被窃取。另外，区块链安全还可以使用可信任的第三方机构来进行审计，以确保数据的完整性和安全性。

区块链应用

区块链应用是指将区块链技术应用于实际场景的应用程序，它可以提高实体经济的效率，改善社会的经济环境。目前，区块链应用已经被广泛应用于金融、智能合约、供应链管理、资产管理等领域。

例如，金融领域的应用可以有效提高金融服务的效率，比如可以提高贷款审批的速度，改善支付体系，并且可以有效防止金融犯罪。此外，智能合约的应用可以大大减少交易的中间环节，提高交易的效率。

总之，区块链技术、区块链安全和区块链应用是当今社会的重要组成部分，它们可以改善社会的经济环境，提高实体经济的效率，并且可以有效防止金融犯罪。

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1. Components of blockchain

The components of blockchain are as follows:

Openness: Area The system data of the blockchain is open and transparent, and everyone can participate. For example, when renting a house, you can know the previous rental information of the house and whether there have been any problems. Of course, some personal private information is encrypted.

Autonomy: The blockchain adopts consensus-based specifications and protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms), and then each node operates according to this specification, so that everything is completed by machines , there is no human element. This changes trust in people to trust in machines, and any human intervention has no effect.

The information cannot be tampered with: If the information is stored in the blockchain, it will be saved permanently and there is no way to change it. As for the 51% attack, it is basically impossible to achieve.

Anonymity: There is no personal information on the blockchain, because it is all encrypted and is a string of letters and numbers, so your various ID card information and phone number will not appear. Numbers are being resold.

2. What components should the DAC chain have?

Technical level, the structure of the blockchain. There are multiple blocks on a blockchain, and each block includes a block header and a block body. The block header mainly includes the version number, the hash value of the previous block, timestamp, random number, target hash, and Merkle root; the block body contains the ledger information recorded through the Merkle tree. This mainly shows the technical architecture of the blockchain principle. Next, it mainly introduces the organizational structure and levels. When blockchain technology was first proposed, the architecture was usually divided into six layers, namely data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer, which was the early architecture diagram of blockchain technology.
Data layer: The data layer is the basic layer, whose function is to collect, record and store urban public safety big data. The block header encapsulates information such as timestamp, root hash value, version number, proof of work, etc. The block body contains public security transaction records calculated using hash algorithm, Merkle tree, asymmetric encryption and other technologies. The password of this layer Learning technologies and operating rules can ensure the security and integrity of public safety big data.
Network layer: As a working mechanism layer, the network layer allows governance entities to jointly participate in the dissemination, verification and accounting of data blocks, and maintains the update and maintenance of public safety big data.
Consensus layer: The consensus layer mainly includes various consensus algorithms, aiming to allow government departments, private units, the public and other governance entities to reach consensus and establish a trust network in the distributed system, thereby maintaining the effectiveness of public security big data. sex.
Incentive layer: The function of the incentive layer is that each consensus subject can receive corresponding incentives in the process of collectively maintaining the blockchain system, so that each subject can not only safeguard its own interests, but also ensure the validity and timing of the blockchain data. sex.

Contract layer: The contract layer needs to be designed in the national institutional environment, and its smart contractsIt is a computer digital protocol that all entities have always followed. Contract rules can be formulated based on the logic and process of governance, and public security data can be recorded, stored, and shared voluntarily, thereby effectively reducing governance costs and improving governance efficiency.

Application layer: The application layer can design public chain and alliance chain networks based on the degree of decentralization and governance entities for ordinary government systems and non-governmental systems, and private chains for government confidential systems, and users can access them based on the network The entrance provides diversified services and truly realizes the co-construction and sharing of data.

Target layer: The target layer is the target task of our management.
In addition, it also includes the application layer, incentive layer, consensus layer, network layer, and data layer. They are nothing more than simplifications in the appeal architecture, and will not be introduced in detail here.

3. In the 3.0 era of blockchain, how to play the blockchain app

If Bitcoin represents the blockchain version 1.0, it proves to the world that digital currency can accomplish. Then Ethereum represents the 2.0 version of the blockchain, letting everyone know more about how to play the blockchain, decentralized applications and smart contracts. In 2018, blockchain will enter the 3.0 stage. Applications and scenarios will be the core of blockchain. Applications based on blockchain will spring up in various industries. This will be the last stage of blockchain development. early bonus period. The demand for talents driven by the application of blockchain technology has been increasing. Blockchain technology talents have become an upstart profession, highly competitive, and also have enviable high salaries.

More and more large companies are entering the blockchain industry, and Dufeng Huanlv strives to become the "leader" in this emerging field. Among them, Alibaba, SF Express, JD.com, etc. have all hired technical talents in the blockchain field with high salaries. In this information age with the Internet as the core, the competition among large companies is ultimately the competition for talents. Especially when the emerging blockchain technology is first emerging, blockchain technology talents are “in hot demand” whether at home or abroad. As a "young" technology, the main force for future development is bound to be young people. However, many current practitioners in the blockchain industry are self-taught and have no systematic professional knowledge training, or are just cryptography, programming, and the Internet. Technical and other unilateral talents. Blockchain technology values ​​​​more complex talents with multiple technologies. In the future, with the maturity of the application of blockchain technology, talented people will become more popular to "recharge" themselves and devote themselves to the blockchain. Be prepared for the heat. In addition to participating in blockchain development work, what else can help you catch up with the blockchain train? Investing in blockchain projects is obviously another approach. So how to judge whether a project is a real blockchain or a fake blockchain?

Is the cost of confirming the authenticity of information in this field very high? For example, there is a Christian coin project, which uses the blockchain to record the time people read the Bible, and then issues Christian coins to these people. Let’s not discuss it for now. Does it make sense to measure how long people spend reading the Bible? Even if it did, it would be perfectly fine.Use other modes to solve it. For example, when checking in in a WeChat QQ group, why should we develop a blockchain smart contract and imitate the blockchain? I'm afraid I'm just cutting leeks to keep warm. So what are the areas where it is difficult to confirm the authenticity of information? The most typical one is finance. There is a large amount of information asymmetry in financial markets, which makes the market full of uncertainty. For example, when transferring money, you won't know until the bank tells you that it has arrived. Now blockchain technology can solve such problems better and faster. Similar information confirmation issues such as market data, credit, contracts, etc.

Whether a meaningful large-scale consensus is formed: One of the outstanding advantages of the blockchain is that it can effectively form a large-scale consensus through public ledger accounting and notification to the entire network. Nowadays, for many projects, there is no need to form a network-wide consensus. Some are just for crowdfunding and issuing tokens. The blockchain consensus of the project is meaningless. Does this model have a network effect? ​​The network effect means that a project will become more valuable as the number of project users increases, because the value of the project does not lie in the users themselves, but in the connection network between users. Bitcoin is a classic example. The more user nodes there are, the links between nodes will grow exponentially, and the entire Bitcoin ecosystem will be more valuable.

Of course, in addition to these points, there are many basic principles for judging projects, such as effective incentive mechanisms, strong teams, project solutions to pain points, etc.

4. What structures does the blockchain consist of?

The blockchain is a chain storage structure formed by interconnecting blocks. The blocks are the data elements in the chain storage structure. , the first block of which is called the genesis block.

General blocks include block header and block body. The block header contains the identification information of each block, such as version number, hash value, timestamp, block height and other information; the block body mainly contains specific transaction data.

5. Will the blockchain be broken if it is not mined?

Your question requires two concepts to be clarified:

What is a blockchain?

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. The blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

Mining, is it mining the blockchain?

To understand "mining", you must first understand the structure of the blockchain.

Block: can be understood as a blank piece of paper. Just as a piece of white paper cannot be infinitely large, blocks also have size limits. The initial size of Bitcoin was limited to 1M bytes, and a block is a file stored on a computer. A block is divided into two parts, namely "block header" and "block body". The block header is used to record some explanatory information, while the block body is used to record a list of "transactions". Note that it is a list, a real numberThe data is recorded in the client's database.

Block header: There are six fields in the block header, namely version number, hash value of the previous block, Merkel root, preset difficulty value, timestamp, and random number to be found. .

(1) Version number: used to distinguish software upgrades. Unchanged and the same over a period of time.

(2) The hash value of the previous block. It is actually the hash value of the previous block header. The formation of the chain depends on it. During the 10-minute "mining" process, this value remains unchanged and the same in all "mining machines".

(3) Default difficulty value. This value remains unchanged and the same in all "mining machines" within 10 minutes.

(4) Merkelgen. This is also a hash, which is a total hash generated recursively from each transaction in the list. Transactions are arriving at any time, so the total hash is changing at any time, and due to many problems such as network delay and transaction priority, the list recorded by each node is not necessarily the same. Therefore, the Merkel root is a changing value and is different from other nodes.

(5) Timestamp. This is also a changing value and will change in a few seconds.

(6) The random number to be found. This is the core element to obtain mining rewards, which is the random value that the "mining machine" is trying to find with all its computing power.

The mining process is to perform a series of conversions, connections and hash operations on the above six fields, and continue to try the random numbers one by one, and finally Successfully find a random number that meets the conditions: the value after hashing is smaller than the hash value of the preset difficulty value. Then, the mining is successful. The node can broadcast the block to neighboring nodes, and the neighboring nodes receive it. For this block, perform the same operation on the above six fields, verify compliance, and then forward it to other nodes. Other nodes also use the same algorithm for verification. If 51% of the nodes in the entire network are successfully verified, this Even if the block is truly "mined" successfully, each node will add this block to the end of the previous block, delete the list in the block that is the same as its own record, and repeat the above process again.

Conclusion

Will the blockchain be broken if it is not mined? If it refers to the blockchain alone, there is definitely no problem of continuity. If it refers to mining, then if you don’t mine, the income will stop.

I hope my answer can help you~

6. What are the blockchain technologies?

The concept of blockchain can be said to be very popular. At the Internet Finance Summit, no one said that blockchain technology is out. What is blockchain technology?

Blockchain technology can be either a public classification (anyone can see it) or a permissioned network (only permissioned people can see it), solving supply chain challenges. Because it is An immutable record, so it is shared among network participants and updated in real time.

Blockchain technology - data layer: Designing the data structure of the account book

Core technology 1. Block_ _;chain:

Technically, blocks are recordsThe data structure of the transaction reflects the capital flow of the transaction. The transaction blocks that have been reached in the system are connected to form the main chain, and all nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain.

Each block consists of a block header and a block body. The block body is only responsible for recording all transaction information in the previous period, mainly including the number of transactions and transaction details. The block header includes the current version number, the previous block address, and the timestamp (recording the generation of the block). time, accurate to seconds), random number (recording the answer value to the mathematical question related to decrypting the block), the target hash value of the current block, the root value of the Merkle number source and other information. From a structural point of view, the size of the block chain Some functions are implemented by block headers.

Core technology 2. Hash function:

.

The hash function can convert data of any length from the Hash algorithm It is a fixed-length code. The principle is a one-way hash function based on cryptography. This function is easy to verify, but difficult to interpret. The industry usually expresses it in the form of y=hash(x). This hash function implements the operation x The hash value y.

Commonly used hash algorithms include MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, etc. Taking the SHA256 algorithm as an example, enter any data into SHA256, A 256-bit Hash value (hash value) will be obtained. Its characteristics: the same data input will get the same result. A slight change in the input data (for example, 1 becomes 0) will get a completely different result. The result is measured. Forward calculation (Hash value corresponding to data calculation) is very simple. Reverse calculation is extremely difficult and is considered impossible under current scientific and technological conditions.

Core technology 3. Merkle tree:

Merkle tree is a hash binary tree that can quickly verify the integrity of large-scale data. In the blockchain network, Merkle The asymmetric encryption algorithm is:

The asymmetric encryption algorithm is The key secret method requires a key and a key. The public key and the private key are a pair. If you use the public key to encrypt data, you can only use the corresponding private key to decrypt it to obtain the corresponding data value. If you use the private key to sign the data, you can only The signature is verified with the corresponding public key, and the sender of the verification message is the owner of the private key.

Since encryption and decryption use two different keys, the algorithm is called an asymmetric encryption algorithm, while a symmetric Encryption uses the same key in the encryption and decryption process.

Blockchain mitigation technology - network layer: achieving centralization of charging nodes

Core technology 5, P2P network:< /p>

P2P network (peer-to-peer network), also known as peer-to-peer technology, is an Internet system without a central server and user groups exchanging information. Unlike a central network system with a central server, each client of the peer-to-peer network AllIt is a node and also has the function of a server. Domestic Xunlei software uses P2P technology. The P2P network has the characteristics of centralization and strengthening.

Blockchain technology-consensus layer: allocate the task load of charging nodes

< p>7. Why is Ethereum the representative of Blockchain 2.0

The Blockchain 1.0 era usually refers to the development of blockchain applications represented by Bitcoin between 2009 and 2014. In the first stage, they mainly focused on solving the decentralization problem of currency and payment methods; after 2014, developers increasingly focused on solving the technical and scalability deficiencies of Bitcoin. At the end of 2013, Vitalik Buterin released the Ethereum white paper "Ethereum: The Next Generation of Smart Contracts and Decentralized Application Platform", introducing smart contracts to the blockchain, opening up the application of blockchain beyond the currency field, thus opening up the area. Blockchain 2.0 era. (A better digital currency trading platform is in "Bihui")

The so-called smart contract is actually a computer contract that can be automatically executed based on prescribed trigger rules, and can also be regarded as a traditional contract. The digital version was proposed more than 20 years ago by Nick Szabo, an interdisciplinary legal scholar and cryptography researcher. This technology was once not used in actual industries due to the lack of programmable digital systems and related technologies, until the emergence of blockchain technology and Ethereum provided a trusted execution environment for it.

Compared with Bitcoin, Ethereum is a Turing-complete scripting language that supports developers to create and publish any decentralized applications on the platform. From its birth to the present, the world’s Ethereum-based There are more than 200 decentralized applications.

The chief researcher of BitWindow Blockchain said: The blockchain 2.0 era represented by Ethereum has gradually expanded blockchain technology from the currency and payment fields to the financial field. With the development of technology and the wider application of blockchain, the blockchain 3.0 era that transcends the currency and financial fields will be just around the corner. The article is excerpted from BitWindow, China’s professional blockchain and digital currency industry analysis media, adhering to a neutral, objective and dialectical attitude to gain insight into and interpret the latest trends in blockchain and digital currency.