区块链的开放性怎么理解这个概念,区块链的开放性体现在哪里

区块链的开放性是指区块链的参与者可以自由地参与和使用区块链网络的运行。它的核心特点是去中心化，每个参与者都可以参与到区块链网络的运行中，不受任何第三方的限制或影响。

去中心化是区块链的核心特点，它消除了第三方的参与，提供了一种点对点的交易方式。去中心化意味着，每个参与者都可以参与到区块链网络的运行中，不受任何第三方的限制或影响。它提供了一种新的交易方式，可以解决传统交易中存在的信任问题。因为没有第三方参与，所有的交易都是通过共识机制完成的，这种交易模式更加安全可靠。

公开透明是区块链的另一个重要特征，它提供了一种公开透明的交易方式，可以让每个参与者都能够查看区块链网络上的所有交易记录。这种公开透明的特性可以有效防止恶意行为，保护参与者的利益。同时，这种公开透明的特性也有助于提高交易的效率，因为没有第三方参与，可以更快地完成交易。

安全性是区块链的另一个重要特征，它提供了一种安全的交易方式，可以有效防止恶意行为，保护参与者的利益。区块链的安全性主要来源于其分布式账本技术，它可以有效防止数据被篡改或窃取，从而保护参与者的利益。此外，区块链的安全性还可以通过加密技术来提高，可以有效防止数据被窃取或篡改。

总之，区块链的开放性体现在去中心化、公开透明和安全性等方面，它为参与者提供了一种新的、安全可靠的交易方式，可以有效防止恶意行为，保护参与者的利益。

❶ What is blockchain technology? What exactly is blockchain? What is blockchain?

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a way to A chained data structure composed of blocks connected in sequence, and a cryptographically guaranteed distributed ledger that cannot be tampered with or forged.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data securely.

[Infrastructure]

Generally speaking, the blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer composition. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and basic algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the core of the blockchain The basis of programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.

Extended information:

[Blockchain core technology]

Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it addresses this issue Four technological innovations:

1. Distributed ledger means that transaction accounting is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they all Can participate in supervising the legality of transactions and can also jointly testify for them.

The uniqueness of blockchain's distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. Traditional distributed storage generally stores The data is divided into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and of equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure storage consistency, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node.

No node can record ledger data independently, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to record false accounts. Also because there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically speaking, the accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thereby ensuring the security of the accounting data.

2. Asymmetric encryption and authorization technology, the transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but the accountIdentity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with the authorization of the data owner, thus ensuring data security and personal privacy.

3. The consensus mechanism is how all accounting nodes reach a consensus to determine the validity of a record. This is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and strike a balance between efficiency and security.

The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal". "The minority obeys the majority" does not entirely refer to the number of nodes, but can also be the computing power and the number of shares. Or other characteristic quantities that the computer can compare. "Everyone is equal" means that when a node meets the conditions, all nodes have the right to give priority to the consensus result, which will be directly recognized by other nodes and may eventually become the final consensus result.

4. Smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data and can automatically execute some predefined rules and terms. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information (including medical information and risk occurrence information) is true and trustworthy, it will be easy to automate claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.

In the daily business of insurance companies, although transactions are not as frequent as those in the banking and securities industries, the reliance on trusted data continues unabated. Therefore, the author believes that using blockchain technology from the perspective of data management can effectively help insurance companies improve their risk management capabilities. Specifically speaking, it is mainly divided into risk management of policyholders and risk supervision of insurance companies.

Blockchain-Network

❷ Introduction to Blockchain What you need to know!

What is a blockchain?
Literally: a blockchain is a chain composed of small blocks that record various information, similar to what we will Bricks are stacked one after another, and they cannot be removed after being stacked. Each brick also has various information written on it, including: who stacked it, when it was stacked, what material the brick was made of, etc. You can use this information There is no way to modify it.
From a computer perspective: Blockchain is a relatively special distributed database. A distributed database stores data information on each computer separately, and the stored information is consistent. If one or two computers in Taiwan are broken, the information will not be lost, and you can still view it on other computers.
Blockchain is distributed, so it has no central point. Information is stored in all nodes that join the blockchain network, and the data of the nodes is synchronized. A node can be a server, laptop, mobile phone, etc.
What you need to know is that the data stored in these nodes are exactly the same.
Blockchain Features
Decentralization: Because it is distributed storage, there is no central point. It can also be said that each node is the central point. Applications in life do not require third-party systems.(Banks, Alipay, real estate agencies, etc. are all third parties).
Openness: The system data of the blockchain is open and transparent, and everyone can participate. For example, when renting a house, you can know the previous rental information of the house and whether there have been any problems. Of course, some individuals here Private information is encrypted.
Autonomy: The blockchain adopts consensus-based specifications and protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms), and then each node operates according to this specification, so that everything is done by machines and there is no human touch. Element. This changes trust in people to trust in machines, and any human intervention has no effect.
Information cannot be tampered with: If the information is stored in the blockchain, it will be saved permanently and there is no way to change it. As for the 51% attack, it is basically impossible to achieve.
Anonymity: There is no personal information on the blockchain, because it is all encrypted and is a string of letters and numbers, so your ID card information and phone number will not be resold. Phenomenon.
Block structure
A block contains two parts:
1. Block header (Head): records meta-information of the current block
2. Block body (Body): actual data
>Contains data as shown below:
How blockchain works
Let’s take transfer as an example:
Currently our transfers are centralized, and the bank is a centralized ledger. For example, there is 400 in account A There are 100 yuan in account B.
When A wants to transfer 100 yuan to B, A needs to submit a transfer application through the bank. After the bank verification is passed, 100 yuan will be deducted from A's account and 100 yuan will be added to B's account.
After calculation, the balance of account A after deducting 100 is 300 yuan, and the balance of account B after adding 100 is 200 yuan.
The steps for transferring money on the blockchain are: A wants to transfer 100 yuan to B. A will tell everyone about the transfer on the Internet, and everyone will check whether there is enough money in A's account. To complete the transfer, if the verification is passed, everyone will record this information in the blockchain on their computers, and the information recorded by everyone will be synchronized and consistent, so that A will successfully transfer 100 yuan to on B’s account. You can see that there is no bank involved.
Related questions
What is the relationship between blockchain and Bitcoin?
Bitcoin was proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009, and then the blockchain technology was refined with reference to the implementation of Bitcoin.
If Bitcoin is noodles, then blockchain is flour. Later, everyone discovered that flour can be used to make steamed buns and steamed buns in addition to noodles.
Why do I need to help you store block information?
I don’t have time to do it without profit. To put it simply, you help me store information and I will give you corresponding rewards.
Key technical points that need to be understood in blockchain?
Through Hash and asymmetric additionThe secret is used to ensure that the data cannot be tampered with:
Hash: y = hash(x), perform a hash operation on x to obtain y, and the original information x can be hidden, because you cannot calculate x through y, thus achieving anonymity sex.
Asymmetric encryption: The public key and the private key are a pair. If the public key is used to encrypt the data, only the corresponding private key can be used to decrypt it; if the private key is used to encrypt the data, then only It can be decrypted with the corresponding public key.
Consensus algorithm: Ensure data consistency between nodes.
Is there a sentence or two that can explain the blockchain?
Yes.
Mahjong is a traditional Chinese blockchain project. A group of four miners work together. The miner who first collides with the correct hash value of 13 numbers can obtain the accounting rights and be rewarded.

❸ Five major characteristics of blockchain

Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. In essence, it is a shared database. Five major characteristics of blockchain:

1. Decentralization, that is, all nodes running in the entire blockchain network can perform accounting and have one accounting right. This is completely This avoids one of the drawbacks of centralized operations. It is not a centralization, it is a disintermediation;

2. Openness, this is for the blockchain public chain, because anyone can read the information in the public chain Enter and write, as long as it is a node in the entire network system and a node with accounting rights, it can be done;

3. Tamper-proof, that is, anyone who wants to change the information in the blockchain must It is very difficult to attack 51% of the nodes in the network to change the data;

4. Anonymity. Its anonymity is based on its algorithm, which is addressed by address. , rather than in a personal capacity, which is what the government is more worried about. There are two things that are uncontrollable in the entire blockchain. The first is the uncontrollable anonymity of the identity. It is not known who initiated the transaction; the second is that it has a cross-border payment, which involves the transfer of currency funds. One piece;

5. Traceability, its mechanism is to set the next block to have a hash value of the previous block, just like a hook, only the previous hash value is recognized To be able to hang it, it is a complete chain. Another good feature of traceability is that it facilitates data query, because this block has a unique identifier. For example, if you go to the database to query something, there are many algorithms to find it in blocks, and In this blockchain network, time nodes are used to define the block in this time period before addressing it, which is more convenient.

❹ What is the concept of blockchain? Read it in three minutes!

On October 25, 2019, Xinwen Broadcast sent a very important signal: the country must vigorously developExhibition of blockchain. After that, blockchain has become an Internet celebrity, and the figure of "blockchain" is floating in the streets and alleys. In fact, many technology companies have already deployed blockchain technology.

Although blockchain is very popular, many people do not know much about blockchain.

What is blockchain?

Let’s first take a look at how Du Niang explained it. Network display: Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms.

Why is blockchain called blockchain?

The blockchain is linked by blocks one by one, and the blocks are storage units one by one, which record the communication information of each block node. The blocks are much like the records of the database. Writing data every time creates a block. With the expansion of information exchange, one block continues with another, and the result is called a blockchain.

What are the characteristics of blockchain?

Blockchain mainly has the following characteristics:

1. Decentralization: In the blockchain system, every node has equal rights. and obligations, there is no central control here. Decentralization has well established trust relationships with each other. Although there is no central management organization, people can collaborate with each other and trust each other. This mainly applies blockchain distributed ledger technology.

2. Openness: Blockchain data is open to everyone. Except for some encrypted information that is not open, everyone can check the data here.

3. Independence: The entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties. All nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system without any human intervention.

4. Security: Blockchain has a certain degree of security and cannot be tampered with. Because everyone in the blockchain system has the same ledger, if someone wants to tamper with it, it is possible to forge a non-existent record only if they control more than 51% of the accounting nodes. Of course, this is basically impossible. This is mainly due to the core technology of the blockchain: the consensus mechanism. The consensus mechanism has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal".

5. Anonymity: Many people think that if the blockchain is so open and transparent, will we lose privacy? In fact, no, although the transaction information in the blockchain is open and transparent, the identity information of the account is encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization.

Now let me tell you a story to help you better understand the blockchain.

There are three people in the family, mom, dad, older brother and younger brother. Last year, homeDad is in charge of the account books in the house, and he is responsible for all the income and expenses of the family alone.

However, on the day of Double Eleven, my mother, who has always been frugal, wanted to buy herself a beautiful piece of clothing on a certain online store. When she checked the account book, she found something was wrong. It stands to reason that except for some money deposited in banks and financial management, the whereabouts of the daily consumption money at home are all in this account book, but no matter how you look at it, it is wrong. Some consumption is clearly not recorded, but is recorded.

Later, my father took the initiative to confess that he couldn’t help but buy a pack of cigarettes.

Later, my mother changed her strategy and the whole family kept accounts. Everyone recorded their monthly consumption expenditure in their own account books. Whenever there was a transaction or consumption at home, my mother would shout, "Book it," and everyone would record the transaction in their own books. This is the decentralized accounting model, where everyone is the center and everyone has a ledger.

The previous accounting model for dad was centralized accounting. If dad wanted to do something alone, it would be difficult for anyone to see it. The decentralized accounting model has solved the problem of centralization very well. The disadvantage of bookkeeping is that it is very difficult for dad to tamper with the books.

For example, if dad wants to take some money from the ledger and secretly buy cigarettes, the amount of money is limited, and if he wants to take the money, he has to change the ledger, but he only tampered with his own ledger. No, he had to change the accounts of three people including himself. And this is undoubtedly more difficult than reaching the sky.

So, many times my father had the idea of ​​smoking, but he had no choice but to give up the idea due to the current situation.

Are blockchain and Bitcoin the same thing?

In fact, blockchain and Bitcoin are not the same thing. It is just the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Bitcoin is the first digital currency applied by blockchain.

In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto first proposed the concept of blockchain. In the following years, it became a core component of the electronic currency Bitcoin, serving as a public account book for all transactions. Blockchain was first applied to Bitcoin.

The origin of blockchain is to solve the problem of trust, and one of the most successful applications of blockchain is digital currency. Bitcoin is arguably the most successful application of blockchain so far.

What are the applications of blockchain?

The application of blockchain is actually very wide. In addition to digital currency, the future applications of Bitcoin are still very extensive. Blockchain technology has been widely used in different industries. Such as product traceability, copyright protection and transactions, payment and settlement, Internet of Things, digital marketing, medical care, etc., promoting different industries to quickly enter the "blockchain+" era.

1. Payment and settlement: Blockchain can abandon the role of intermediary banks.Realize point-to-point payment, reduce transfer fees, and accelerate capital utilization.

2. Product traceability: For example, if we buy a piece of clothing on a certain store, we can see the past and present life of this piece of clothing.

3. Securities trading: Traditional securities trading requires the coordination of four major institutions, which is inefficient and costly. Blockchain technology can independently complete one-stop services.

4. Supply chain: Introducing blockchain technology into the supply chain system, synchronizing information within the system can control all links, better complete division of labor and collaboration, and facilitate subsequent accountability.

5. Intellectual property rights: With copyright on the chain, our photographic works, musical works, literary works, etc. will become our information, and the ownership of the information will be confirmed and become our property.

❺ Blockchain Characteristics

Blockchain Characteristics:
1. Anonymous/Anonymous
Due to the data exchange between the nodes of the blockchain Following a fixed and predictable algorithm, the blockchain network is trustless and can exchange data based on addresses rather than personal identities.
2. Autonomous
The blockchain adopts a consensus-based mechanism to enable all nodes in the entire system to freely and securely exchange data, record data, and update data in a trustless environment. No human intervention works.
3. Openness/Openness
The blockchain system is open, and any node can have the general ledger of the entire network. In addition to the private information of the parties directly related to the data, which is encrypted through asymmetric encryption technology , the data of the blockchain is open to all nodes, so the entire system information is highly transparent.
4. Programmable
The digital nature of distributed ledgers means that blockchain transactions can be associated with computational logic and are inherently programmable. Therefore, users can set algorithms and rules that automatically trigger transactions between nodes.
5. Traceability/Traceability
The blockchain stores all historical data after the creation block through the block data structure. Any piece of data on the blockchain can be traced through the chain structure. origin.
6. Untamperable/Tamper Proof
After the blockchain information passes consensus and is added to the blockchain, it is jointly recorded by all nodes and is interconnected through cryptography to ensure that the difficulty of tampering is related to The cost is very high.
7. Collectively Maintain
The blockchain system is jointly maintained by all nodes with maintenance functions. All nodes can query blockchain data and develop related applications through public interfaces.
8. No permission required/Permissionless

❻ What is blockchain

Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. Blockchain is an uninterrupted digital ledger of economic transactions that can be programmed to record not just financial transactions, but almost anything of value. Simply put, it is a decentralized, distributed database of immutable records that is managed by a cluster of computers but does not belong to any single entity. Blockchain is stored as a database or flat file.

❼ What is the meaning of blockchain

Blockchain is a shared database. Blockchain is computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. new application models.

Blockchain does not belong to any industry. Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is a cryptographically guaranteed distributed ledger that cannot be tampered with or forged.

Features

Decentralization. Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management agencies or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes self-verification, transmission and management of information through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain.

Openness. The foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface. Therefore, the entire System information is highly transparent.