俄罗斯waves 区块链,waves俄罗斯区块链技术开发公司

Waves俄罗斯区块链技术开发公司是一家专注于推动区块链技术发展的创新性公司，主要提供包括信息安全、数字身份和智能合约等多种服务。Waves俄罗斯区块链技术开发公司的目标是为用户提供一个安全、可靠、可信赖的区块链平台，以及一系列基于区块链技术的产品和服务。

智能合约是指使用区块链技术，在区块链网络上运行的一种可编程的自动执行的合约。Waves俄罗斯区块链技术开发公司提供的智能合约服务主要包括：智能合约的安全性评估、智能合约的安全实施、智能合约的编写和实施等。Waves俄罗斯区块链技术开发公司的智能合约服务可以帮助用户高效地实现智能合约，提供安全、可靠、可信赖的智能合约服务。

数字身份是指使用区块链技术，将个人信息和数据存储在区块链网络上，用于识别和认证的一种技术。Waves俄罗斯区块链技术开发公司提供的数字身份服务主要包括：数字身份的安全性评估、数字身份的安全实施、数字身份的编写和实施等。Waves俄罗斯区块链技术开发公司的数字身份服务可以帮助用户高效地实现数字身份，提供安全、可靠、可信赖的数字身份服务。

信息安全是指使用区块链技术，通过对信息的加密、存储和传输，保护信息不被篡改、泄露等恶意攻击的一种技术。Waves俄罗斯区块链技术开发公司提供的信息安全服务主要包括：信息安全的安全性评估、信息安全的安全实施、信息安全的编写和实施等。Waves俄罗斯区块链技术开发公司的信息安全服务可以帮助用户高效地实现信息安全，提供安全、可靠、可信赖的信息安全服务。

Waves俄罗斯区块链技术开发公司一直致力于推动区块链技术的发展，为用户提供安全、可靠、可信赖的智能合约、数字身份和信息安全服务，为用户构建一个安全、可靠、可信赖的区块链平台。

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Ⅰ Taking stock of the top ten projects worthy of attention in the second half of 2020

lishuchen • August 7, 2020 11:07 am • Research • Reading 180

< p> There are two types of projects in the first half of 2020: one is related to DeFi, and the other is other projects.

Many DeFi projects have experienced thigh-breaking market prices, with increases ranging from several times to hundreds of thousands of times.

Uniswap, cross-chain, cloud storage, ETH2.0 and other hot spots are emerging one after another. The second half of 2020 is a period of highly concentrated hot spots. Can we find opportunities from them?

"Filecoin (Cloud Storage Track)"

Filecoin is the storage layer and incentive layer of the IPFS protocol. IPFS is a point-to-point distributed file system, which is known as the next generation of decentralized Internet underlying protocol.

From July to September 2017, Filecoin raised US$257 million through ICO (public and private placement), with top investment institutions such as Sequoia Capital participating. The development of the project has been full of twists and turns, and after several delays, the mainnet is about to be launched.

If there are no accidents, the Filecoin mainnet will be online between August 31st and September 21st. Miners can participate in network governance and competition by providing storage space and using effective storage as computing power. Obtain token rewards for block packaging rights.

On August 12, Filecoin will launch a global miner competition. This competition will have more than 4 million FIL rewards distributed, which is as high as 180 million US dollars based on the current futures price.

As a project that has both blockchain technology capabilities and practical applications, and is also popular in the market, Filecoin is undoubtedly the biggest opportunity in 2020.

Of course, there are as many traps as opportunities on the Filecoin track.

Participate in Filecoin investment and find opportunities.

In addition to Filecoin, the launch of the Filecoin mainnet may also increase the popularity of the cloud storage track, and projects related to the cloud storage concept may see an increase.

"Polkadot (cross-chain track)"

Polkadot is a multi-chain interaction architecture proposed by Gavin Wood, the former chief development officer of Ethereum, which mainly solves inter-chain information solve the problem of siled islands and provide cross-chain infrastructure to enable information exchange between chains in a secure and trustless manner. To summarize, Polkadot is a network protocol that allows arbitrary data to be transferred through the blockchain.

Like Filecoin, Polkadot has also experienced delays. The project was originally planned to go online in 2019. Before the mainnet was launched, the team first launched the Polkadot sister chain Kusama without code audit, allowing developers to conduct various experiments on it. The previous progress of Polkadot was mainly in ecological development and project promotion, holding Meetups (discussions) around the world. The code audit passed in the first half of this year, and the mainnet was launched as everyone was waiting.

The Polkadot project is very innovative and has the following characteristics:

Characteristics of Polkadot

Polkadot has recently launched Huobi, OKEx, etc. Mainstream exchanges conducted another crowdfunding of 302,000 DOT on July 24. At present, the six major stages of the full-featured mainnet launch (PoA, NPoS, governance, removal of Sudo, support for balance transfers and core functions) have entered the governance stage.

The next runtime upgrade initiated by public vote will remove Sudo from Polkadot, and the network will be controlled by token holders.

In addition, Polkadot will enable the transfer function on August 18, which is another step closer to the fully functional mainnet. Polkadot will subsequently conduct an auction for parachain slots. After the auction is completed, many parachains will be connected to Polkadot through slots.

The launch of the Polkadot mainnet is an important milestone in the development of blockchain. The cross-chain protocol will bring new expansion methods to more projects, and can also exchange information with other projects, making cross-chain calls of smart contracts possible. This is a major benefit for the project and will lead to a rich blockchain ecosystem that interacts through inter-chain messaging.

The one-click chain issuance model makes it no longer difficult to build a public chain, so we can also imagine that this will be more innovative than Ethereum's one-click coin issuance and can solve more problems. application scenario issues.

There are still many opportunities for Polkadot in the future. In addition to the Polkadot project itself, you can also find opportunities in the Polkadot parachain ecosystem, such as the existing ChainX, Edgeware, etc. You can also participate in Polkadot in the future new parachain.

"Cosmos (cross-chain track)"

Cosmos is a parallel network launched by the Tendermint team. Using Cosmos, various blockchains can complete transactions and communicate with each other. Cosmos and Polkadot are collectively known as the "cross-chain duo", and the mainnet was successfully launched in March 2019.

Cosmos held an event to challenge the Incentive Network in June, laying a solid foundation for the practical application of subsequent cross-chain protocols. In July, the Stargate update was launched, and the project also received good news.

Cosmos has been developing the IBC 1.0 protocol. After problems within the team broke out in February, the project founder left Cosmos to start a new project.Because he is not a core member of the project, he has little impact on the entire project. After subsequent reorganization, the team has no internal friction, and the development speed of the IBC 1.0 protocol has also been accelerated.

Cosmos IBC 1.0 development progress

Cosmos’ core cross-chain protocol IBC 1.0 is about to be launched. Currently, 82% of the development of IBC 1.0 has been completed. The completion of IBC 1.0 will truly connect the center and partitions of Cosmos and achieve a breakthrough in inter-chain information transfer technology.

IBC 1.0 is the core development point of Cosmos. Currently, the partitions and centers of Cosmos can only operate independently because the cross-chain protocol has not yet been completed. The development of many projects is limited by IBC 1.0, and the cross-chain agreement is not completed. For example, the asset cross-chain project IRIS on Cosmos cannot solve the subsequent progress.

" Waves (Public Chain Track) "

Waves is a very easy-to-use blockchain platform with customizable tokens. After users apply for a Waves account, they can easily complete the issuance and listing of tokens.

Waves has opened up the Waves Association in the past to provide effective governance for the entire ecosystem. In 2020, a data protocol that can connect any blockchain to the outside world will also be launched, which will be applied in the ecosystem in the future.

Waves is building inter-chain DeFi

Waves is building inter-chain DeFi. It enables DeFi products to be accessible on all chains and protects DeFi products through a diversified asset portfolio. The first inter-chain DeFi product launched by Waves will be Neutrino, which can be ported to different chains. Waves is also implementing the next step to develop the Waves 2.0 vision.

Neutrino Dollar is an algorithmic stablecoin pegged to the U.S. dollar and backed by Waves’ PoS network. All Neutrino tokens are held in smart contracts, and users can send their WAVES to the smart contract at any time and exchange them for Neutrino.

"Enjin (Game Track)"

Enjin is an online game creation platform founded in 2009. It was not until 2017 that Enjin Coin was established and began to design and create a platform that can be used for trading, A digital platform that manages and distributes virtual goods, solving the problems of traditional game platforms such as centralization, opaque funds, and non-unification of various game tokens.

Enjin is well-known for its games and various NFTs minted through ERC-1155.

Using ERC-1155Minted NFT

NFT is a non-fungible token. Simply put, the two tokens exist independently and are different, such as the various shapes and attributes that were very popular in 2017. Each CryptoKitties is an NFT.

However, the market usage rate of CryptoKitties represented by ERC-721 is too low, while NFT represented by Enjin ERC-1155 is gradually opening up the market, and more and more projects choose to use ERC-1155 Issue NFT.

ERC-1155 type NFT can be operated in batches, and can be destroyed after minting is completed to retrieve Enjin tokens.

At present, the NFT market has not really exploded. Binance’s recent IEO has also launched projects related to the NFT concept. Enjin is the leader in the NFT field, so there are many opportunities.

At present, the revenue of the global game market is growing rapidly every year. According to professional data analysis, the revenue of the game market now exceeds 150 billion US dollars. However, the blockchain game track has not yet exploded. Enjin has 20 million users around the world, the ecological content of the game is also developing steadily, and the development tools provided for developers have also been improved. Therefore, after the NFT market exploded, Enjin The performance will be very imaginative.

"Nexus Mutual (DeFi Derivatives)"

Nexus Mutual is an Ethereum mutual insurance that shares risks through discretionary entrustment. It is somewhat similar to the Alipay "Huang Bao" we currently use. Users' premiums are concentrated in a fund pool. When a claim is settled, the user will be able to obtain a certain amount of compensation from the fund pool after passing the review.

In July, Nexus Mutual introduced Pooled Staking, which was the largest upgrade since its launch and redesigned the staking system. This upgrade will reduce the learning costs for users to pledge tokens, encourage users to increase their pledge of NXM, increase the income of risk assessors and use a fairer distribution method, and shorten the lock-in period of NXM pledges.

Nexus Mutual insurance purchase interface

Anyone can pledge NXM to become a risk assessor. Risk assessors can evaluate the security of a certain smart contract and can use NXM deposits to pledge multiple smart phones at the same time. contract and receive rewards from the staking contract.

As the current leading project of DeFi insurance, Nexus Mutual mainly provides insurance services for DeFi protocols, especially because of the recent YFI-based liquidity mining, which has been favored by domestic investors.

The recent upgrade stimulated risk assessors to increase the NXM staking rate, and the user’s smart contract wroteThe more insurance policies there are, the better protection it can provide users.

"Zcoin (Anonymous Track)"

Zcoin is an anonymous coin that uses zero-knowledge proof and uses the method of minting and retrieval to hide the connection between traders. The project was launched in 2016. The total supply of tokens is 21.4 million, and the output and halving cycle are the same as Bitcoin’s 4 years. MTP (Merkle Tree Proof Algorithm) is used to balance the computing power of miners.

Zcoin’s main work in the first half of the year was the development of the Lelantus protocol and the launch of a decentralized project crowdfunding system to raise funds to develop some Zcoin applications. The issue of whether to change the Zcoin consensus mechanism is still being discussed. Officials recently launched a vote on Twitter to change the name of Zcoin. Currently, more than 50% of Twitter users express support.

Details of XZC mining token distribution before and after halving

Zcoin uses the PoW+PoS mechanism and will be halved in September this year. After the halving, each block reward will be reduced from 25 XZC to 12.5 XZC.

Zcoin’s main considerations when distributing block rewards are: Providing sustainable funding for development and research, ensuring continued growth of the community through miners and Znodes nodes. In addition to reducing the circulation of project tokens, it will also have a positive effect on project development progress and allow more users to participate in the construction of Znodes nodes, maintaining the safe operation of the Zcoin blockchain.

Comparison of Lelantus protocol and other protocol technologies

Zcoin’s Lelantus protocol will be launched soon. It can also be seen from the above table that Zcoin’s anonymity technology and performance have been improving from the initial protocol to the final protocol.

Lelantus will provide stronger anonymity. In addition to proving size, batch verification can also effectively reduce verification time.

Lelantus performs well in all dimensions: providing high anonymity, good performance and small proof size, relying on mature cryptography. Therefore, the successful launch of Lelantus will be a great progress for the project.

According to Zcoin officials, Lelantus will be deployed by September at the latest. However, the progress of the project may be delayed due to the impact of the epidemic this year. For investors, it is a good choice to know in advance the major progress of the project and make arrangements in advance.

"Curve Finance (DeFi track, not online)"

Locking status of Curve Finance on DeFi Pulse

DeFi stablecoin trading platform Curve Finance is currently The lockup is already highReaching US$218.8 million, ranking only behind Maker, Compound, Synthetix, Aave, Balancer and InstaDApp, showing a steady growth trend. Liquidity mining has brought explosive growth to other DeFi projects. For example, Compound dominates the entire market, and Curve can only carve up a small share.

Growth of the total amount of CRV over time

Curve will issue tokens and launch liquidity mining to compete for market share. However, the mining method has not yet been determined, and the token issuance time and selling price have not yet been determined, and may be held in the near future.

Information from Curve Github shows that CRV is an inflationary token with a total supply of 1 billion. The inflation rate is the highest in the first year, and the token will eventually grow to 3.33 billion.

Curve.finance founder Michael Egorov said: CRV will be a governance token that needs to be locked when voting. Tokens can not only be used for liquidity mining, but can also be used to incentivize any ecologically beneficial behavior recognized by Curve DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization).

"NEAR (Public chain track, not yet online)"

NEAR is a well-known public chain for sharding technology. The sharding solution is called Night Shade Protocol ), but NEAR is not a sharded chain structure, and it does not adopt the model of Polkadot and Cosmos. NEAR's sharding technology solves the scalability problem and will make a difference in the Dapp and DeFi fields in the future.

Near announced the economic model, with an initial issuance of 1 billion and an inflation rate of 5%. Recently, it has also cooperated with Chainlink to provide decentralized oracle services for NEAR developers.

Comparison of scalability and flexibility between NEAR and several major public chains

NEAR is a project on the sharding track. Currently, the PoA mainnet has been launched and will raise funds in August. It is currently temporarily No specific information is available. The main opportunity lies in the 2-3 year window period of Ethereum 2.0. Ethereum 2.0 will start "Phase 0" at the end of 2020, "Phase 1" in 2021, and "Phase 2" in 2023. The process is very slow. .

Therefore, NEAR can use its own structural advantages to lower the threshold for Ethereum developers and allow developers to choose to deploy Dapps on NEAR. You can seize the market before Ethereum 2.0 comes out. If the ecology is good, you can still have a place in the public chain track.

"SKALE (public chain track, not yet online)"

SKALE is the star project of the Layer2 network and the flagship project of the new generation of chain testing.

The project was created by SKALE Labs. The vision is to promote the decentralized Layer 2 expansion network and be compatible with Dapps running on the Ethereum Layer 1 chain, in a secure and decentralized Layer 2 at high speed and low cost. Run smart contracts. SKALE currently has dozens of Dapps in its ecology, the most important of which are DeFi and gaming Dapps. After Loom Network no longer emphasizes support for games, many Dapp games will be migrated to SKALE.

A Dutch auction will be held on August 17, and the project has raised US$17.1 million before this.

Every operation of such a hot DeFi project will be limited by Ethereum’s performance and high handling fees, but the SKALE project is the antidote to these problems. SKALE can be used at low cost

Ⅱ The world's only large-scale high-performance commercial application-level public chain with its own basic traffic

The blockchain has been clearly included in the scope of the country's new infrastructure, which means The blockchain revolution has truly arrived. All parts of the country are actively participating in the application of blockchain technology, promoting various industries to gradually "go on the chain". This is the result of the gradual highlighting of the advantages of blockchain technology. Specifically, blockchain technology has the characteristics of data storage such as non-tamperable and traceable data. It is a solution that combines decentralization to maintain the reliability of the database, changes the mode of data recording and sharing, and reduces information asymmetry between transaction parties. , low efficiency, it provides a technical foundation for all walks of life, increases mutual trust in transactions, and improves transaction efficiency.

Currently, blockchain technology across the country is only implemented in scenarios such as judicial certificate depository, government affairs management, people's livelihood services, food traceability, supply chain management, etc. Moreover, the blockchain technology industry has a weak technical foundation, and most of them Public chain projects only exist in the conceptual stage and cannot be truly implemented in commercial application scenarios. In order to establish a truly usable commercial-grade basic public chain, the GDS basic public chain came into being.

GDS is a universal global value network that can implement complex logic in various commercial and non-commercial environments. Its design principles are based on ease of use and practicality, and are in line with the actual needs of different industries. It provides complete underlying support for global application developers, jointly builds a value system that links the world, and promotes the country's new infrastructure, industrial chain transformation, Public services and other fields will show their talents to gain momentum for high-quality development.

GDS is a new generation of commercial-grade basic public chain, aiming to establish a trust network for value circulation, and is committed to creating a distributed business ecosystem with extensive digital trust, free circulation of value, and public sharing. If we redefine the blockchain, the entire chain network is a trusted network environment created through various cryptography, mathematics, law, economics and computer science, including trusted information transmission channels, storage space and sharing channels. Only by establishing a trusted network environment can the true meaning ofBreak information silos and build a trustworthy ecological environment to improve the quality of life.

The GDS public chain is expected to be launched globally on March 27, 2021. Its development technical team was developed by Russian Waves. This technical team was once recorded by Wikipedia as the third blockchain project technical team in history, after The DAO and Ethereum, and it is also a research and development team for professional blockchain underlying technology. The team's well-known cases include the Russian presidential election system, the well-known Russian banking system, the well-known Russian oil system, etc., and it is also a strategic partner of Microsoft, which shows the strength of the development team. The GDS public chain's community-based governance mechanism, consensus-based incentive model, and sharing-focused application ecology will create a new era of distributed commercial application ecology.

As party and state leaders attach great importance to blockchain, as an important part of new infrastructure and an important breakthrough for independent innovation of core technologies, the top-level design, special policies, and regulatory systems of blockchain must be It will be further improved and strengthened, and the blockchain will truly establish its status as information infrastructure, and at the same time evolve towards integrated infrastructure, comprehensively opening up a new pattern of blockchain development in our country.

Ⅲ How Conflux creates popular ecological applications

Recently, Conflux’s tokens CFX and FC have been rising more and more fiercely, soaring even during the market decline. , which makes people speechless. Counting from the beginning of February, up to now, the highest quotation of CFX is US$0.82, an increase of 356%, and the quotation of FC is US$2.93, an increase of 1085%.

The reason for the increase is its strong background and technical strength. Everyone knows that Conflux was created by the team of Yao Class of Tsinghua University. It originated in 2018. After two years of gradual progress and the image of roasted boys, The creation of the IP was finally officially launched on the mainnet in November 2020.

Its powerful technical construction has gradually allowed domestic public chains to get rid of the pain points of CX manufacturers. Especially recently, it has been reported by the People’s Daily, which has continued to increase the number of active people in its community and the value of its tokens. The clearness increased and the stool quickly spread widely.

I have written several articles about Conflux before. Interested friends can read it here before the banquet. Without going into too much detail, I would like to talk about its current situation and make some simple predictions about the future.

Putting aside foreign public chains such as Ethereum, Polkadot, and Flow, from a domestic perspective, its competitors are mainly PlatON and Nervos. In addition, although 31 other public chains have also developed for many years , but as of now, it has not yet formed a climate.

Conflux is currentlyIt has covered several major tracks such as public chains, exchanges, privacy computing DeFi, NFT, etc. There are many online and offline ecosystems that have been rolled out. The DAO atmosphere is good, but I feel that it has not yet reached its requirements in this bull market. To some extent, with the promotion of many people in the community, Conflux activities are basically continuous, which can be seen by many participants.

In terms of ecological integration, Conflux works with API3, Injective, Oasis, Waves, Commons Stack, Stablecorp, Fetch.ai and many other projects and institutions have reached cooperation, which also highlights its strength and caters to today's blockchain development trends. Projects that work alone are destined not to survive forever. Only by joining a team to keep warm can we achieve a win-win situation. Conflux is A leader in domestic public chains.

From a technical perspective, the Conflux public chain system has achieved a throughput of more than 3,000 transactions per second and compressed the transaction confirmation time to less than 30 seconds. This is a major breakthrough. But I think the problem we are facing now is the dispute between cats and dogs. If we compare cats to China and dogs to foreign countries outside of China, the current economic struggle is constant. It is difficult for many Chinese companies to go overseas, and the blockchain industry is also facing difficulties. No exception, Conflux still has a long way to go before it can be truly accepted by a large number of foreign blockchain users.

As for the future, I personally predict that Conflux may continue to focus on improving the underlying architecture. If you want to fight a war, you must first stabilize the city wall. As the 2021 technology roadmap says, Conflux is making a breakthrough in the direction of privacy computing. After the breakthrough, many things can be easily completed on this architecture.

After all, privacy computing is a hot topic this year, and it is also a difficulty that has not yet been overcome in the development of blockchain. Let us wait and see what happens next!

By the way, at 20:30 on March 7 (Sunday), Conflux community representative Kun Kun will share in the "Xiao Zhang Talks about Blockchain" community. There will be a lot of useful information at that time. Everyone is welcome to come. Come and learn.

IV Why McDonald’s commemorative coins increased more than 30 times within one hour of sale

On August 3, McDonald’s China announced that it would celebrate the 50th anniversary of its classic product Big Mac in sync with the world. On his birthday, a set of 5 Big Mac collectible coins MacCoin will be launched for fans to share and collect, and can also be redeemed for Big Mac products in stores around the world.

It is worth mentioning that in addition to McDonald’s, another catering giant, Starbucks, is also connected to the blockchain. On August 4, ICE, the parent company of the New York Stock Exchange, announced that it was working withMicrosoft and Starbucks team up to build digital asset “ecosystem”. As a result, many news outlets believe that Starbucks will soon accept digital assets such as Bitcoin to pay for coffee or tea.

However, regarding this speculation, Starbucks immediately issued an announcement to clarify and stated that Starbucks will not accept Bitcoin or any digital currency as a means of payment, and customers must first convert the digital assets on the exchange. into US dollars to use in Starbucks.

In addition, Burger King has previously cooperated with blockchain startup Waves to launch a digital currency called "Whopper Coin" in August 2017. This project is limited to Russia. For every ruble spent at Burger King, users can get one "Whopper Coin" and every 1,700 "Whopper Coins" can be exchanged for one Whopper. Ivan Shestov, Burger King's head of external communications in Russia, has said the project would turn "Whopper into an investment channel."

IV Xu Zijing What is WAVES

WAVES is a public blockchain platform dedicated to realizing customizable token issuance, decentralized transactions, and blockchain legal currency. Blockchain legal currency is implemented through compliant gateways. Decentralized token trading can be used for financing, crowdfunding, and trading financial assets on the blockchain. WAVES can be used to create custom tokens, as well as pay for some other operations on the Waves platform, such as transferring and trading tokens.

VI What are the virtual currencies developed by the Russians

Ethereum, Waves (waves currency), etc.
Ethereum, the digital currency founded by Russian Vitalik Buterin, has a market value of 122.3 billion, ranking second in the world, leaving all tokens except Bitcoin behind.
Waves, from Russia, was crowdfunded and listed on the exchange in 2016. Its financing amount that year was second only to Ethereum. The project is positioned as a financial public chain, including custom currency issuance, financial transactions and settlements, and crowdfunding, all of which can be implemented on the Waves platform. There is also an exchange built into the Waves platform. Previously, this exchange was decentralized. However, the current built-in exchanges adopt a hybrid trading model, which uses the order matching technology of centralized exchanges, but transactions are conducted on the chain.

Ⅶ Blockchain for 12 years: In what fields has it been applied?

#「光 Moment」Theme Essay Competition Issue 2#

People have talked about it countless times Explore the applicable scenarios and application opportunities of blockchain. But in fact, it is very stupid and ridiculous to simply and crudely bundle blockchain with all businesses.

If you just use the word "blockchain" (rather than the technology behind it) to hype it, the result will be in vain. But if used properly, blockchain can indeed promote the development of certain economic sectors.

To achieveThis goal requires taking it step by step and slowly. Gartner experts believe that blockchain is currently on the verge of “escape from fantasy” stage. At this stage, its technical shortcomings were fully exposed, and most media from all walks of life were critical.

So, are there any good products that are truly based on blockchain? If so, in what areas?

First of all, financial services are a good choice. After all, many traditional intermediaries suffer from low transparency and high commissions. Currently, many large banks are already researching and testing decentralized solutions. So what are the options available on the market now?

Netting is a good example. It is based on Hyperledger Fabric and is capable of offsetting multiple positions or payments resulting from transactions between two or more parties. Often used to determine which party should receive remuneration in a multi-party agreement. Netting, as a general concept, has many more specific uses in financial markets (in securities trading).

In addition, there is endless discussion about blockchain bonds, mortgages and bank guarantees. Almost all big banks, including Islamic banks, are trying this approach.

Hyperledger Fabric and Corda blockchain technologies are also often used in other use cases, but the prospects require us to draw final conclusions through continued follow-up and observation.

Bank of America, Goldman Sachs, Citibank, Morgan Stanley, JPMorgan Chase, Bank of China and Commonwealth Bank of Australia have all achieved good results in 2019. In addition, in the banking industry, people often talk about cross-border financial transactions, and there is even an intention to get rid of SWIFT.

Some people believe that blockchain technology has great prospects in copyright protection and combating data fraud. For example, for the purpose of copyright protection, the startup Sputnik DLT developed the Depositor service on the Waves platform.

Likewise, Emernotar is a similar solution based on Emercoin, using the SHA-512 algorithm. According to the developers, businesses and lawyers can use the Emernotar service to sign contracts, use the online service to collect user consents, and creative industry representatives to confirm copyright.

The democracynotary.org platform, powered by Emercoin technology, aims to protect important election-related information. Although the blockchain cannot yet guarantee the anonymity of voting during the election process, it can at least guarantee the authenticity of voting.

Recently, the effectiveness of this platform was demonstrated in a project in MacedoniaThe test was put to the test in a referendum on whether to ratify a treaty with Greece that called for changing Macedonia's name to "North Macedonia". The platform notarized public reports from the referendum process, thereby blocking the spread of false information.

Blockchain use cases are extremely promising in the registration of real estate transactions. Last year, there were attempts to leverage smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain to conduct such buy/sell transactions in jurisdictions. While not all local legislatures understand what lawyers are doing, there have been and will be attempts.

For example, the most famous example was a deal to sell 10 acres of land through a decentralized Propy marketplace in California, conducted entirely in Bitcoin and using blockchain To register. Since then, the EU has also completed its first blockchain real estate sale.

In December 2018, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority approved the business model of the blockchain company “Blockimmo Real Estate Company”. Currently, the Blockimmo platform is in a testing phase and is available to residents of Switzerland and Liechtenstein. After that, the company plans to enter other markets throughout Europe.

Some experts are very optimistic about the application prospects of blockchain in the wholesale and logistics fields; but at the same time, some experts believe that it has no use in this field. However, as consumers, we should recognize the success that has been achieved in the industry.

In the late autumn of 2018, oil giants BP and Shell, as well as large banks and companies, launched the Vakt blockchain platform, which aims to optimize the commodity transaction process - including converting paper documents into smart contracts .

At the same time, the UAE is also using blockchain technology in the field-Maqta Gateway LLC launched the first blockchain logistics solution in Abu Dhabi. The Silsal blockchain technology developed by the company can improve logistics and freight efficiency. Maqta Gateway hopes to use DLT technology to reduce paperwork, facilitate real-time status updates and speed up information sharing.

Last fall also launched the IBM Food Trust Blockchain Platform - based on Hyperledger Fabric technology and designed to regulate the food industry supply chain. Well-known companies such as Carrefour, Nestle, Dole Food, Tyson Foods, Kroger, Unilever, and Walmart are among the Platform members. Monthly fees for IBM blockchain services range from $100 to $10,000, which explains why these industry giants are willing tointend to invest in this area.

The decentralized Shelf.Network auction protocol was launched in the fall of 2017. Car dealers can conduct car sales and leasing transactions through the platform.

A year later, the auction network received investment from Japanese IT giant Broadleaf. At the same time, Broadleaf has also obtained a license to supply Shelf.Network technology to establish a trading network for automobile and parts sales in Southeast Asian countries (including Japan, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Laos, Australia, India and Singapore).

By the end of 2018, 60,000 vehicles from the United States had joined the service network. Shelf.Network also implements interaction with the Carfax web service, through which vehicle history reports can be provided to individuals and businesses. For example, startup Auto1 Group GmbH recorded the purchase of a car in Germany through blockchain for loan and insurance products, significantly speeding up the transaction (which would have taken two weeks to complete with traditional paperwork).

A survey of large companies conducted by the IBM Institute for Business Value shows that by 2021, blockchain will play a key role in the automotive industry, and at the same time, blockchain will also be used in the aviation field . For example, S7 Airlines and Alfa Bank (Russia) have enabled real-time payments for aircraft fuel costs by applying smart contracts on the Hyperledger blockchain platform.

All walks of life in the industry believe that DLT technology can simplify and speed up mutual settlement processes, eliminate various financial risks, and automate processes. As in the field of wholesale logistics, this technology also has important application significance in the field of transportation.

Blockchain technology is also gradually penetrating into the public sector and is widely used in document authentication processes. For example, the Proofstack service is able to archive files with the owner’s personal signature, date and time stamp, and then writes the archive hash to the blockchain. Users can also select the country that affects the type of timestamp, as well as the storage location (computer, cloud) required to generate the archive. Created archives allow people to identify when and by whom a file was archived. At the same time, the application of blockchain in the judicial system is becoming more and more popular. For example, ServeManager and Integra have applied blockchain technology to services that track subpoena delivery.

In China, government-backed blockchain solutions continue to develop rapidly. Its judicial blockchain system "Tianping Chain" has collected about 1 million pieces of online evidence data just three months after its release. All materials submitted on the platform have passed DLT certification, a total of 190,000 copiesdocument. The platform electronic evidence system was jointly developed by the Beijing Internet Court, the China Industrial Control System Emergency Response Team (CICS-CERT), the Research Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Network Internet Group and the TrustDo blockchain startup. The platform is based on the hyperchain infrastructure of the Internet giant network, optimizes the evidence collection and storage process, and ensures the authenticity of the data through the blockchain. In addition, the platform also achieves the purpose of saving time and resources by reducing Internet-related litigation costs.

As a global leader in container shipping, Maersk began using Insurwave blockchain solutions last spring. The marine insurance platform was jointly developed by consulting firms EY and Guardtime and is based on Microsoft Azure cloud technology. In the first year of cooperation with Insurwave, Maersk plans to insure 1,000 ocean-going vessels, and the total number of digital transactions will exceed 500,000.

Currently, platform users include Willis Towers Watson, XL Catlin and MS Amlin. Developers are trying to expand Insurwave's capabilities to expand insurance into the aviation and energy sectors.

Calastone, a British financial technology company specializing in investment flow management, announced that it will transfer all calculations to the blockchain. The company expects the technology to help cut billions of dollars in costs across its global settlement division. Calastone provides risk assessment management services, IT infrastructure and payment solutions to more than 1,700 companies, with clients including JP Morgan Asset Management, Schroders and Invesco.

If the enterprise's goal is to achieve transparency of transactions and information entered into the DLT registry, this will create an excellent application scenario for blockchain; however, if the enterprise is pursuing anonymity or "tracking "In financial transactions, there is no opportunity for blockchain to exert its influence.

Singapore Power Group has launched a blockchain trading market for renewable energy (REC) certificates. Its company representatives said the "in-house developed" platform was designed to improve the security, reliability and traceability of such certificate transactions.

REC certificates are certificates that certify the amount of energy released by solar panels and are sold by Cleantech Solar Asia and LYS Energy Solutions. City Developments Limited and DBS Bank, who are interested in purchasing certificates, are both very interested in the platform. Katoen Natie SIngapore has also joined the platform and plans to launch renewable electricity production capabilities soon.

KT Corporation, South Korea’s largest telecommunications company, has also launched its own blockchain network, with distributed registration technology involving user authentication and improving international roaming services. This enables KT to securely transfer customer data to its partners. Network bandwidth can handle 100,000 transactions per second.

Time will tell whether these initiatives gain mass market acceptance. Likewise, the applications of blockchain in power, data, and user-identified accounts/records/transactions are old news.

At the end of 2017, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) used the Blockcerts wallet, which can issue a "verifiable, tamper-proof" authentication certificate, to more than a hundred people through the Bitcoin blockchain. Graduates were issued digital diplomas.

The pilot project is supported by software company Learning Machine, which was involved in the development of Blockcerts together with Media Lab.

The purpose of this is to allow students to become the true owners of their own files. Learning Machine CEO Chris Jagers said that even if the agency ceases to exist, people will be able to extract important official information stored in it.

The same approach is used by Tbilisi University of Business and Technology: the university uses a similar blockchain platform, Trusted Diploma, through a partnership with Emercoin. The platform is able to restore registration data (subjects studied, quality of training and scores obtained) with the help of blockchain. From this point of view, in the future, blockchain may be useful in further promoting digital learning methods.