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㈠ What is the so-called "blockchain"

It can be said that 2020 is the first year of industrial blockchain. With the continuous development of blockchain technology, the number of companies actively deploying blockchain has grown exponentially. However, blockchain is still in a very early stage of development, and the implementation of blockchain applications still requires continuous exploration.
In the past ten years or so, blockchain technology has had a wide impact on a global scale. Compared with its inception, the face of the blockchain industry has undergone earth-shaking changes.
The blockchain market in the past few years was more like the Internet before 2000. The Internet before 2000 went through a period of restlessness and experienced ups and downs. Then the big waves washed away the sand, and truly powerful companies developed. .
While participating in the Cointelegraph Chinese event, Avalanche Asia Ecology Partner Wilson said: "In 2018, the blockchain ecosystem was completely different from now. At that time, it was more conceptual. Starting last year, the district The blockchain industry has undergone great differences. More and more reliable projects have been born.”
Indeed, in addition to being initially limited to applications in the field of digital currency, blockchain technology has now gradually become the basis of different traditional industries. facility. After more than ten years of exploration and research and development, blockchain has also discovered more application scenarios that highlight its value.
The growth momentum continues, but large-scale application has not yet been achieved
It can be said that 2020 is the first year of industrial blockchain. With the continuous development of blockchain technology, the number of companies actively deploying blockchain has increased exponentially. Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 outbreak, blockchain technology has also shown its huge untapped potential.
In the past year, global blockchain companies have continued to grow, but at a slower pace. According to data from the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology's "Blockchain White Paper (2020)", as of September 2020, there are 3,709 blockchain companies in the world, mainly distributed in the United States and China, of which the United States accounts for 27%. China accounts for 24%.
Obviously, as countries around the world continue to introduce positive blockchain policies and promote blockchain technology to empower the real economy, the blockchain industry bubbles are gone and the industry has returned to rationality. More and more companies are entering the market and actively using blockchain technology to expand their business.
Even though blockchain-related companies are springing up like mushrooms after a rain, blockchain is still in a very early stage of development. From the bottom of the protocol layer, it is still very early to be mature and complete. The middleware layer may be very far away from maturity, and the middleware layer may be a very important infrastructure required for the future integration of blockchain with the real world and real economy.
When these things have gradually become standardized and mature, we will usher in a stage where blockchain will become mainstream and explode.
For the development status of the entire blockchain technology, Helium China ManaGing Director Gao Yuan pointed out: "Currently, the user experience of various blockchain applications is not very good. The development of middleware and the maturity of the user end are the key points to achieve large-scale applications. In the end, blockchain can be implemented and become a real economy. Part of it requires maturity and clarity at the regulatory level."
However, the implementation of blockchain applications still requires continuous exploration. If the performance of the underlying infrastructure of the blockchain is not improved, it will be difficult to achieve large-scale commercial applications in the future. So, what is the reason why a large number of blockchain applications have not been successfully implemented? Charlie Hu, head of Polygon China, believes:
First, it is not friendly enough to developers;
Second, it has limited expansion capabilities;
Third, it lacks interoperability, and its core logic is the future blockchain The world is not just one chain, but multiple chains coexist. Based on the existence of different chains for different commercial applications, cross-chain interoperability is very important.
Why is interoperability crucial for different blockchains?
The "interoperability" of blockchain means that different blockchain networks can easily communicate with each other and share information. Interoperability mainly refers to application layer interoperability, inter-chain interoperability, and off-chain data interoperability.
IOHK CEO and Cardano founder Charles Hoskinson said in an interview with Forbes that blockchain interoperability will lead to easy migration from one system to another.
In the blockchain industry, a blockchain that can meet user needs and operate efficiently is a necessity, and its status is very important. Although Ethereum has innovatively created smart contract technology and built a super ecosystem containing various applications, it is far from meeting commercial needs, at least until Ethereum 2.0 is fully launched.
Why is blockchain interoperability so important? With the continuous expansion of blockchain technology itself and the expansion of its applications in different industries, it is difficult to interoperate between different chains, difficult to connect between different applications, and difficult to trust the interaction between the chain and the off-chain. These problems are very important. To a certain extent, it limits the large-scale application of blockchain.
The scenario requirements between different blockchains may be different, and under these different requirements, a large number of interactions are required. Regarding interoperability, Iris, head of Asia business strategy at Edge & Node, said: "If there are islands between chains, there will be no way to interact, which will greatly affect applications. Interoperability across chains has different levels. From assets to data, to a lower-level consensus. Many projects have already realized asset cross-chain, and the next more difficult step is data cross-chain.”
It is far from achieving interoperability between different blockchains. not enough. According to Zhixian, the founder of Leitu Technology, interoperability should not be limited to the blockchain ecosystem. Only by opening up the interoperability between the blockchain and the Internet can the user base be maximized.
Cross-chain technologyTechnology is key to achieving interoperability. Currently, cross-chain technologies include notary mechanisms, side chains/relay chains, hash time locking, and distributed private key control.
In terms of data trust and security issues during the interaction process, O3Labs product VP Tim believes that the interoperability of different chains may have some challenges. He added:
First, user experience. Products must be made for more users. Whether in enterprises, institutions or consumers, user experience issues will be taken into consideration. Even if it can be achieved in terms of technology, it must also be achieved in terms of experience.
Second, security. Different chains will need to adjust some off-chain data. Different chains have different methods, so it is important to ensure the accuracy of the data. Because this will become a foundation, if there are many applications on this chain in the future, the accuracy and speed of these data must be very consistent.
Just like the emphasis on privacy protection in the traditional Internet, privacy protection issues must also be paid attention to between different chains and in the process of on-chain and off-chain interactions. Every interaction should avoid privacy leakage during the interaction. Suterusu CTO Lin Huang said that currently, there are too many cross-chain projects, and there are many products in this area. However, there are relatively few products that consider supporting multi-chain privacy protection. Suterusu has already done a lot of work on privacy protection and will be deployed on some chains next.
The future of blockchain - the coexistence of multiple chains
The blockchain industry has been constantly evolving. In addition to Ethereum, there are many blockchains emerging with the same vision as Ethereum, such as EOS, Polkadot, Cosmos, Avalanche, Polygon, etc.
Competition and cooperation are inevitable for the development of various industries, and the same is true for the blockchain industry. Only through competition can we continue to innovate.
In the future, Ethereum will not be "one super, many strong", but will inevitably form a situation where multiple chains coexist. Different public chains and different infrastructures will have some differentiated competition, and finally these different chains will be connected through cross-chain technology.
When asked about the future development of blockchain, He Yifan, executive director of the BSN Development Alliance and CEO of Beijing Hongzao Technology Co., Ltd., looked forward to:
In 3 to 5 years, especially the operating system layer will become more and more mature. In this case, blockchain technology should become a conventional technology. If developers don't even know how to use traditional databases, they don't have to work at all. In 3 to 5 years, every developer should be able to use blockchain technology to build basic applications.

㈡ What are the practical applications in the blockchain 1.0 era?

The development of blockchain 1.0 is closely related to digital currency, and its applications are generally concentrated in currency transfer, exchange and payment. In a sense, blockchain technology during this period found a solution to the decentralization of currency and payments.

Currency and payment constitute the most significant aspects of the blockchain 1.0 era.With the rapid development of applications, a series of virtual currencies represented by Bitcoin have emerged, such as Litecoin, Dogecoin, Ripple, Futurecoin, Peercoin, etc. Thousands of digital currencies have been produced around the world and are still running today. There are probably more than 700 species. These "alternative currencies" act as "cash" on the Internet, opening up another world in the financial field. In the application scenario of virtual currency, individuals can use a decentralized, distributed and global way to allocate and trade various resources.

The blockchain during this period has set off a huge wave in the financial field. In areas related to transfers, remittances and digital payments, blockchain technology has attracted much attention. In these fields, the traditional method requires tedious processing processes such as the account opening bank, counterparty bank, clearing organization, overseas bank (agent bank or overseas branch) through central institutions such as banks, which takes a long time and is costly. After applying blockchain technology, payment can realize end-to-end transactions, eliminating the cumbersome intermediary processing links. It is not only fast, but also has very low transaction costs. Especially in terms of cross-border payments, the blockchain-based payment system can provide users with global cross-border, real-time payment and clearing services in any currency. Cross-border payments will be completed instantly at a low cost.

The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is the only "Smart Learning Factory 2020- Xueshuo Innovation Workstation" launched by the School Planning and Construction Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China. Approved "Blockchain Technology Professional" pilot workstation. The professional position is based on providing students with diversified growth paths, promoting the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and building an applied and compound talent training system.

㈢ What is blockchain and what is its use? Will it become a new trend?

Three questions about blockchain (economic hotspot)

In recent times, related to Bitcoin The news about currency is very eye-catching, and blockchain has also become popular. In the capital market, the stock prices of various blockchain concept stocks rise and fall like a thrilling roller coaster. It can be seen from the responsive capital market that blockchain is on the forefront and has received great attention from all parties.

"Blockchain technology is essentially a database technology, specifically a ledger technology. The ledger records the asset changes and transactions of one or more accounts. In fact, it is A database with the simplest structure. The running accounts we usually write down in small notebooks and the statements sent by the bank are all typical account books." Wang Jun, chief researcher of Tencent Financial Technology Think Tank, said that security is an aspect of blockchain technology. Its major features are mainly reflected in two aspects: first, the distributed storage architecture, the more nodes, the higher the security of data storage; second, its tamper-proof and decentralized ingenious design, it is difficult for anyone to not follow the rules change the data.

Take online shopping transactions as an example. The traditional model is that the buyer purchases the goods and then transfers the money to the intermediary platform of a third-party payment institution. After the seller ships the goods and the buyer confirms receipt, the buyer will then notify the payment The institution transfers the money to the seller's account. Transaction model supported by blockchain technologyThe model is different. Buyers and sellers can trade directly without going through any intermediary platform. After the buyer and seller trade, the system releases the transaction information through broadcast. All hosts that receive the information record the transaction after confirming that the information is correct, which is equivalent to all hosts making data backups for this transaction. Even if there is a problem with a certain machine in the future, it will not affect the data recording, because there are countless machines as backup.

When it comes to blockchain, many people associate it with Bitcoin, and many people even equate blockchain with Bitcoin. He Fei said that Bitcoin is a presentation method of blockchain, but blockchain is not the same as Bitcoin. Blockchain is the underlying technology and infrastructure of Bitcoin, and Bitcoin is a successful application of blockchain, but it does not mean that blockchain can only be applied to Bitcoin.

What is the use of blockchain?

It can solve the pain points and difficulties in many fields such as finance, public welfare, supervision, and anti-counterfeiting, but there are many applicable conditions

Financial services are the first application field of blockchain technology. The use of blockchain technology can solve pain points in many fields such as payment, asset management, and securities.

Take the payment field as an example. The cost of reconciliation, clearing, and settlement between financial institutions, especially cross-border financial institutions, is high and involves many manual processes. The high fees also make it difficult to carry out micropayment business. The application of blockchain technology can help reduce the cost of reconciliation and dispute resolution between financial institutions, and significantly improve the processing efficiency of payment services. In addition, the cost and efficiency advantages that blockchain technology brings to the payment field enable financial institutions to better handle small-amount cross-border payments that were previously considered unrealistic due to high costs, helping to achieve inclusive finance.

For example, in order to solve the problem of high reconciliation costs among financial institutions, in August 2016, WeBank and Shanghai Huarui Bank launched the Weilidai inter-institution reconciliation platform, which is also the first in production in China. Banking industry consortium chain application scenarios running in the environment. Zhang Kaixiang, chief architect of WeBank’s blockchain, believes that the high cost problem that the traditional “batch file reconciliation” model has not been able to solve for a long time is where blockchain technology comes in. Subsequently, Luoyang Bank and Changsha Bank also successively connected to the inter-institution reconciliation platform. Through blockchain technology, they optimized the inter-institution reconciliation process in the micro-loan business, achieving quasi-real-time reconciliation, improving operational efficiency, and reducing operating costs. Target. Up to now, the platform has been running stably for more than a year, maintaining zero failures, and the number of real transactions recorded has reached tens of millions.

In the field of public welfare, blockchain technology also has great potential. Ant Financial's first application scenario involving blockchain was public welfare, helping a group of hearing-impaired children obtain a donation, and then using blockchain technology to promote public welfare to be more open and transparent. Hu Danqing, senior product expert at Ant Financial Technology Lab, said: "The blockchain charity platform is like us building a post office on the Internet specifically for mailing funds. Every money donated by users, we will package it into a package, this package passesWhen delivered on the blockchain platform, every time it passes through a node, we will stamp a postmark and finally deliver it to the recipient. This ensures that every money donated by users is transparent, traceable, and difficult to tamper with. ”

Blockchain technology can play a big role in combating counterfeit goods. Hu Danqing introduced that Ant Financial has used blockchain technology to trace the origin of genuine products. At present, some overseas products from Australia and New Zealand have When shopping for products such as milk powder, you can use Alipay to scan them and you will know whether they are genuine. "Unlike the previous self-entered product information by merchants, the blockchain allows multiple 'bookkeepers' to complete the task fairly, independently and non-repudiation." Accounting. "

For financial supervision, blockchain technology can also play a role. The "Financial Blockchain Underlying Platform FISCO BCOS White Paper" released by the Financial Blockchain Cooperation Alliance (Shenzhen) in 2017 believes that blockchain It provides financial regulatory agencies with consistent and easy-to-audit data. Through data analysis of inter-institutional blockchains, financial businesses can be supervised faster and more accurately than traditional audit processes. For example, in anti-money laundering scenarios, each account’s Balances and transaction records are traceable, and no aspect of any transaction will be out of regulatory sight, which will greatly improve anti-money laundering efforts.

Some insiders believe that blockchain 1.0 mainly targets digital currency; Blockchain 2.0 targets smart contracts and can be applied in financial markets; Blockchain 3.0 will be applicable to more scenarios and will even create a "blockchain era".

He Fei believes that blockchain can indeed solve pain points and difficulties in many fields, but blockchain is not a panacea and has many applicable conditions.

For example, the decentralized nature of blockchain technology is suitable for many parties. In the scenario of participation, if it is only unilateral or bilateral participation, the value will not be great. Since each node needs to be checked, blockchain technology is not suitable for those high-frequency trading activities.

Another example is the district Blockchain emphasizes openness and transparency and is not suitable for scenarios with particularly high data privacy requirements.

Will blockchain become a new trend?

The technology is not yet mature yet. We must be wary of concept hype, and we must especially distinguish whether it is technological innovation or fund-raising innovation. We cannot use blockchain for the sake of blockchain

The concept of blockchain is so popular, will it become another "Internet +" in the future?< /p>

In recent years, the development ecology of blockchain has gradually improved and enriched. Industry insiders believe that with national policy support, widespread attention and financial support, blockchain technology can achieve gradual and stable progress. Blockchain Although the upside prospects of technology are broad, we must remain calm about this.

“Although blockchain is currently very popular, we still believe that it is still in a very early stage. "Hu Danqing said that there is currently a false enthusiasm for the blockchain concept. The enthusiasm is not about using technology to solve real problems, but about raising funds to make money and hyping valuations, especially most of the so-called ICOs (Initial Coin Offerings) that are hotly speculated. ) are all innovations in fundraising tools and have nothing to do with technological innovation.

Blockchain technology can indeed create great value, but some risks cannot be ignored.

“Blockchain technology is not yet mature, and its application scenarios are relatively limited. We should be more wary of the concept of capital market speculation.” He Fei said that behind the blockchain boom, there will inevitably be some gimmicks and speculation. Companies that do not really carry out business, but just try to make a profit in the capital market and leave. We must be careful to prevent the occurrence of "bad money driving out good money", causing institutions that really want to do business to withdraw from the market, affecting the development of blockchain technology. application.

Hu Danqing suggested that for the current blockchain craze, regulatory authorities should intervene more proactively, distinguish between technological innovation and fund-raising innovation, and encourage government organizations, credible experts, and industry participants to jointly help the public Identify and comprehensively curb fund-raising innovation in the name of blockchain, so that the actual controller of ICO must bear responsibility for the fund-raising behavior. "The basis for judging whether it is technological innovation or fund-raising innovation is actually very clear, that is, whether it starts with trust and whether it creates actual value by solving the trust problem."

Better promotion and use of blockchain technology in the future , it is necessary to continue to improve infrastructure and strengthen the formulation of relevant laws and policies.

Wang Jun believes that there is still room for optimization and improvement in core blockchain technologies such as consensus algorithms; on the other hand, the processing efficiency of blockchain is still difficult to reach that of some high-frequency application environments in reality. Require. At present, the mainstream blockchain technology platforms all originated from abroad. Domestic blockchain technology service providers must patiently start from the bottom development, achieve independent and controllable technology, and strive to lead the development of global blockchain technology. Enterprises with blockchain application scenarios must actively embrace new things and scientifically evaluate their on-chain needs. They cannot use blockchain for the sake of blockchain.

He Fei believes that the government can introduce relevant policies to guide companies that are interested in participating in the research and development and application of blockchain technology, and at the same time clarify some suitable application scenarios of blockchain and areas encouraged by the state.

The "China Blockchain Technology and Application Development White Paper 2016" recommends that government departments at all levels learn from the advanced practices of developed countries and regions, combine the development of my country's blockchain technology and applications, and promptly introduce blockchain Technology and industrial development support policies focus on supporting key technology research, major demonstration projects, "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" platform construction, system solution research and development, and public service platform construction. At the same time, it is recommended that key domestic enterprises, scientific research, universities and user units strengthen cooperation to speed up research on core key technologies such as consensus mechanisms, programmable contracts, distributed storage, and digital signatures.

If it can bring money to the enterprise, it will become a hot topic.

㈣ Is blockchain a pyramid scheme? Is blockchain a disguised pyramid scheme?

Blockchain is a new technology and is not a disguised pyramid scheme. It is just claimed by many pyramid schemes to be "blockchain "Chain" actually does not have any technology, it is just a pyramid scheme in the name of "blockchain". The state has issued multiple announcements to crack down on this type of pyramid scheme. The following is Xinhuanet’s report on blockchain MLM:

Blockchain is not equal to virtual currency.There are also security risks, and there are "ulterior motives" behind the popularity. Only by removing the flashiness can the blockchain return to its true application value.

Invest 80,000 yuan and it will become 800,000 yuan in three months? Shenzhen police uncovered a huge fund-raising fraud case. Under the guise of blockchain concepts and 10 times earnings, thousands of investors have fallen deeply into it, with the amount involved reaching 307 million yuan. Under the "mysterious veil" of the blockchain, criminals have taken advantage of the opportunity to use their tricks, and the blockchain has become a "signature" for economic crimes such as fraud and pyramid schemes.

Why has the blockchain been repeatedly “misused” by illegal activities such as pyramid schemes and fraud? Apart from being “unclear”, what is the “function” of blockchain technology itself? Since the beginning of this year, with the intensification of supervision and the cooling of the trend of currency speculation, new opportunities have been brought to the development of blockchain. How is the implementation of blockchain commercial "applications" now? Reporters from "Lookout" News Weekly recently conducted an investigation into this.

When the three-month "fund release period" promised by the trading platform expired and the staff started "kicking" people in the QQ group, Tang Haiyan, who lives in Bao'an District, Shenzhen, realized that she might have been cheated. .

Previously, Tang Haiyan invested 80,000 yuan to buy a virtual currency called "Puyin Coin" under the introduction of a classmate. "The other party said that this currency is the most advanced blockchain technology at the moment, with Tibetan tea as collateral, and he also showed me a 'technical white paper'. I didn't understand blockchain, so I didn't read it carefully."

Although she doesn’t know much about blockchain or virtual currencies, Tang Haiyan is full of expectations for the high investment returns. She told reporters that the company that issued the "Common Silver Coin" would regularly split the virtual currency at a ratio of 1:10, which means that each split would increase the value of the "Common Silver Coin" in the hands of investors by 10 times. . As long as it is split once, the 80,000 yuan she invested is equivalent to buying "common silver coins" worth 800,000 yuan, and she can get huge profits by selling them on the trading platform.

According to the rules of the trading platform, the "common silver coins" just purchased cannot be traded immediately. They must be frozen on the platform for three months before the "release period" can begin. However, when three months passed, Tang Haiyan not only failed to wait for his assets to double, but the 80,000 yuan frozen on the platform could no longer be used for transactions.

“Other investors began to question the authenticity of this investment in the QQ group. As a result, the company staff kicked these investors out one by one. I felt bad.” She said.

Facts also proved Tang Haiyan’s intuition. At the end of March 2018, Shenzhen police detected a huge fund-raising fraud case, with the amount of fraudulent funds reaching 307 million yuan. In this case, the Shenzhen Puyin Blockchain Group Co., Ltd. involved in the case used the "blockchain + Tibetan Tea" model to issue virtual currency and defraud public deposits. Tang Haiyan was one of thousands of victims. .

Shenzhen police investigation found that the company claimed that investors could put "common silver coins" on the virtual trading platform "Jubi.com" to earn the price difference

. In fact, the change in its buying and selling price was caused by the company using investors' investment funds to perform behind-the-scenes operations, and once raised the price of "common silver coins" from 0.5 yuan to 10 yuan, allowing investors to taste some sweetness. When a large number of investors entered the market, the company continued to cash out by maliciously manipulating the price trend of "Common Silver Coins", which eventually resulted in the "Common Silver Coins" in the hands of investors being worthless.

Since 2018, engaging in fraud and pyramid schemes under the banner of blockchain has become a commonly used "routine" in new criminal methods. In April 2018, Jinan police busted a pyramid scheme gang under the guise of "western development", "national poverty alleviation", "original stocks", "blockchain" and "e-commerce", arrested more than ten main suspects, and froze the funds involved in the case There were more than 100 accounts, and more than 300 million yuan of funds involved were seized.

Jinan police introduced that Huileyi e-commerce company designed fake virtual disks on the Internet and released so-called "treasure coins" and "precious coins" on the grounds that the country is vigorously developing the big data industry. and other virtual currencies.

They first use the gift as a guise to give a certain amount of virtual currency to newly joined MLM personnel, with the price of each coin being tens of yuan, and then through artificial manipulation, the virtual currency will rise to more than 100 yuan or even hundreds of yuan. Yuan, attracting people who do not know the truth to join, and finally "cut leeks" through the cyclical fluctuations of the so-called "devaluation" of virtual currencies, repeated over and over again, and ultimately achieve the purpose of seeking illegal benefits.

In Xi'an, the local police also successfully cracked a huge online pyramid scheme under the banner of blockchain. According to the police, the criminal suspect Zheng paid a high salary to organize network platform administrators Zhang, Li and other 9 people. Since March 28, 2018, he has used collective pyramid schemes and online pyramid schemes as means to sell coins at a price of 3 yuan each. Sell ​​virtual "Datang Coins" on the "Consumption Era" online platform and control the appreciation rate;

At the same time, hold promotion meetings in multiple cities at home and abroad to attract members, and set up There are 28 levels of agents in charge. In just 18 days, the gang has developed more than 13,000 registered members. It has been found that the case involves 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions across the country, and the funds involved are as high as 86 million yuan.

The "Tencent 2017 MLM Situation Awareness White Paper" released by Tencent Security Joint Laboratory stated that in recent times, various overseas capital disks, virtual currencies, ICO (blockchain project initial public offering of tokens) Financing) projects emerge in an endless stream, which hide many risks such as illegal issuance, false projects, cross-border money laundering, fraud, pyramid schemes, etc., causing a large amount of funds to flow overseas. Once they collapse, run away, or lose contact, investors often have no way to complain and lose money. recover. For example, Baichuan Coin, Mark Coin, Beta Coin, Dark Coin, etc.

Reporters from "Lookout" News Weekly conducted interviews in Guangdong, Shandong, Shanghai and other places and learned that most people know that the concept of blockchain is very popular, but they are "uninformed" about the specific functions of blockchain. There are different opinions: some people think it is used for "investment and financial management" and "buying and selling currency", while others think it is used for "combining with steam"."A major invention of the same magnitude as a machine", some entrepreneurs are gearing up to seize this "once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to get rich."

Many people in the industry said that it is precisely because of people's understanding of the blockchain There are many misunderstandings, which allow criminals to take advantage of troubled waters and mislead investors.

First, blockchain is not equal to virtual currency. As of the end of last year, the number of domestic ICO participants and total transaction volume had reached Doubled growth, a large number of digital currency exchanges have fled overseas, and the agency investment model has involved more ordinary people in high-risk investments.

Many industry self-media, celebrities and issuers, digital exchanges, etc. Form an alliance of interests to endorse the "Air Coin" project platform and create public opinion. In December last year, nine departments including the People's Bank of China characterized ICO as "suspected of illegal fund-raising, financial fraud, pyramid schemes and other illegal and criminal activities."

< p> During the interview, many people told our reporter that the existence of tokens has built a set of equity mechanisms for the development of blockchain technology, which is indispensable for stimulating the prosperity of blockchain applications. "In the past five years Years of market practice have proven that blockchain applications without equity mechanisms are like computers without Internet access and a market economy without currency. Application scenarios and development speed are greatly reduced. " said an investor in Shanghai.

In fact, tokens represented by Bitcoin are only one of the earliest products to verify blockchain technology, and there is no equivalence between the two. Moreover, the existence of tokens has had an obvious negative effect on the development of blockchain.

Currently, more and more people in the industry are beginning to think about whether the development of blockchain must rely on the issuance of tokens. Realize incentives. Guo Dagang, secretary-general of the Beijing Internet Finance Industry Association, told this reporter that the so-called incentive mechanism is just a theoretical basis for project parties to issue tokens.

Second, the district Blockchain is not omnipotent, and there are risks to security. Blockchain is generally considered to be able to fulfill three functions:

First, the data stored on the blockchain cannot be tampered with or forged. It has high credibility and credibility; secondly, the entire transaction process is traceable, enabling accurate tracking of responsibilities; thirdly, smart contracts embedded in the blockchain can be automatically executed based on the contract, thereby improving work efficiency and reducing the risk of default. Commonly seen in the industry It is believed that blockchain has broad application prospects in finance, logistics, trade and other fields.

In fact, blockchain is not omnipotent, and its functions also have many limitations. It is generally believed that according to its Due to the characteristics of cryptography, if you want to tamper or forge on the blockchain, you theoretically need to control more than 51% of the nodes to achieve it. When there are enough nodes in the blockchain, this trust creation mechanism that is widely participated by the public will be difficult to tamper with. .

However, in reality, digital currency exchanges are frequently attacked and even stolen. On June 20, 2018, South Korea’s Bithumb Exchange announced on its official website that the exchange was attacked by hackers and value was stolen. 35 billion won, approximately US$32 million in cryptocurrency.

Ji Xinhua, known as China's first generation "hacker", said that the blockchain will continue to face attacks, and the process of uploading data to the chain is prone to information leakage. Some people in the industry are also worried that once the super computing power of quantum computing is realized, it will also have a direct impact on the blockchain.

Thirdly, the popularity of blockchain is not entirely true. Data shows that from the end of 2017 to the beginning of 2018, more than 300 self-media companies mainly focused on ICO projects appeared, which became an abnormal phenomenon worth noting.

(4) Guangxi News Channel Blockchain Extended Reading:

On August 24, 2018, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission website issued a risk warning , reminding the general public to guard against illegal fund-raising in the name of "virtual currency" and "blockchain".

The original text is as follows:

"Risk Tips on Preventing Illegal Fund-raising in the Name of "Virtual Currency" and "Blockchain""

China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, Central Network The Office of Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the People's Bank of China, and the State Administration for Market Regulation remind:

Recently, some criminals have issued so-called "virtual currencies" and "virtual assets" under the banner of "financial innovation" and "blockchain". ""Digital assets" and other methods absorb funds and infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of the public. Such activities are not really based on blockchain technology, but are actually hyping up the blockchain concept to conduct illegal fund-raising, pyramid schemes, and fraud. They mainly have the following characteristics:

1. Networking and cross-borderization are obvious. Relying on the Internet and chat tools for transactions, and using online payment tools to receive and disburse funds, risks have a wide scope and spread quickly. Some criminals rent overseas servers to build websites, essentially carry out activities for domestic residents, and remotely control illegal activities.

Some individuals claim in chat tool groups that they have obtained investment quotas for high-quality overseas blockchain projects and can invest on their behalf, which is most likely a fraudulent activity. Most of the funds for these illegal activities flow overseas, making supervision and tracking very difficult.

2. Strong deception, temptation and concealment. They use hot concepts to create hype and fabricate numerous "high-level" theories. Some even use celebrity V's "platform" propaganda, and use airdrops of "candy" as temptations, claiming that "currency values ​​only rise but not fall" and "the investment cycle is short. "High returns, low risks", which is highly deceptive.

In actual operation, criminals illegally make huge profits by manipulating the price trend of so-called virtual currencies behind the scenes and setting profit and withdrawal thresholds. In addition, some criminals also issue tokens in innovative forms such as ICO, IFO, and IEO, or conduct virtual currency speculation in the form of IMO under the banner of the sharing economy, which is highly concealed and deceptive.

3. There are various illegal risks. Through publicity, criminals use "static returns" (profits from currency appreciation) and "dynamic returns" (profits from offline development) as bait to attract the public to invest funds, and induce investors and development personnel to join in, constantly expanding the capital pool. , with illegal fund-raising,Characteristics of illegal activities such as pyramid schemes and fraud.

Such activities use "financial innovation" as a gimmick, but are essentially a Ponzi scheme of "borrowing new and repaying old", making it difficult to maintain long-term capital operations. The general public is requested to view the blockchain rationally, do not blindly believe in promises made by the public, establish correct currency concepts and investment concepts, and effectively improve risk awareness; they can actively report to relevant departments any clues about illegal crimes discovered.

㈤ How about Guangxi Blockchain Investment Co., Ltd.

Guangxi Blockchain Investment Co., Ltd. is a limited liability company (natural person investment or holding) registered and established on 2017-08-21. The registered address is No. 2212, 21st Floor, Diwang International Chamber of Commerce Center, No. 59 Jinhu Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning City.

The unified social credit code/registration number of Guangxi Blockchain Investment Co., Ltd. is 91450103MA5LBA7U2G. The corporate legal person is Qiu Shuwang, and the company is currently in business.

The business scope of Guangxi Blockchain Investment Co., Ltd. is: investment in engineering projects, technology industry, real estate industry, and industry; investment in private equity (except for special national regulations); hotel management; investment management (Except those prohibited by the state); warehousing services (except hazardous chemicals); house rental; logistics information consultation. (Projects that require approval according to law can only carry out business activities after approval by relevant departments.).

View more information and information about Guangxi Blockchain Investment Co., Ltd. through Aiqicha.

㈥ The most straightforward explanation of blockchain

In recent years, the term "blockchain" has become a hot topic, and news media have been reporting on it, but everyone may not be familiar with blockchain. The understanding of chain is still at the stage of looking at flowers in the fog. Today we will unveil its mystery.

In fact, the essence of blockchain is very simple and can be explained in one sentence: decentralized distributed database.

The main function of the blockchain is to store information. Anyone can write information and read it at the same time, so it is a public database.

Characteristics of blockchain

Distributed database technology has long existed in the market, but the difference is that although blockchain is also a distributed database , but it has no administrator and is completely decentralized.

Decentralization is a disruptive feature of blockchain technology. It does not require a centralized agent and realizes a direct point-to-point interaction, enabling high-efficiency, large-scale, and information interaction without a centralized agent. way becomes reality.

However, without an administrator, everyone can write data into it. How can we ensure that the data is trustworthy? What should I do if I am changed by a bad person? The designers have already thought of this, which proves that blockchain is a truly epoch-making product.

Block

The blockchain is composed of blocks. Blocks are much like database records. Each timeWriting data is creating a block.

Each block contains two parts:

Block header (Head): records the characteristic value of the current block
Block body (Body): actual Data
The block header contains multiple characteristic values ​​of the current block.

Generation time
Hash of the actual data (i.e. block body)
Hash of the previous block
...
Every time in the system Each node has the latest complete database copy. Modifying the database of a single node is invalid because the system will automatically compare and consider the same data record that appears the most times to be true. At the same time, every step of the data record will be retained on the blockchain, and the information at each step can be traced.

Here, you need to understand what a hash is, which is necessary to understand the blockchain.

The so-called "hash" means that the computer can calculate a characteristic value of the same length for any content. The hash length of the blockchain is 256 bits, which means that no matter what the original content is, a 256-bit binary number will be calculated in the end. And it can be guaranteed that as long as the original content is different, the corresponding hash must be different.

For example, the hash of the string 123 is (hexadecimal), which is 256 bits when converted to binary, and only 123 can get this hash. (Theoretically, it is possible for other strings to get this hash, but the probability is extremely low and can be approximately considered impossible.)

Therefore, there are two important inferences.

Corollary 1: The hash of each block is different, and the block can be identified by the hash.
Corollary 2: If the content of the block changes, its hash will definitely change.

The immutability of hashes

Blocks and hashes have a one-to-one correspondence, and the hash of each block is for the "block header" (Head) computational. That is to say, the characteristic values ​​​​of the block header are connected together in order to form a very long string, and then the hash is calculated on this string.

Hash = SHA256 (block header)

The above is the calculation formula of block hash. SHA256 is the hash algorithm of the blockchain. Note that this formula only includes the block header and not the block body. In other words, the hash is uniquely determined by the block header.

As mentioned earlier, the block header contains a lot of content, including the hash of the current block body and the hash of the previous block. This means that if the content of the current block body changes, or the hash of the previous block changes, it will definitely cause the hash of the current block to change.

ThisPoints are of great significance to blockchain. If someone modifies a block, the hash of the block changes. In order for subsequent blocks to still be connected to it (because the next block contains the hash of the previous block), the person must modify all subsequent blocks in sequence, otherwise the modified block will be removed from the blockchain . Due to the reasons mentioned later, hash calculation is very time-consuming, and it is almost impossible to modify multiple blocks in a short period of time, unless someone controls more than 51% of the computing power of the entire network.

It is through this linkage mechanism that the blockchain ensures its own reliability. Once the data is written, it cannot be tampered with. This is just like history, what happened happened, and it can’t be changed from now on.

㈦ What is blockchain technology and what aspects may it be used for in the future?

Blockchain is a distributed shared accounting technology. What it wants to do is to allow participants to All parties are able to build trusting relationships at a technical level. Blockchain can be roughly divided into two levels: one is the underlying technology of the blockchain; the other is the upper-layer application of the blockchain, that is, the transformation, optimization or innovative application based on the blockchain.
Blockchain has been applied in several fields. In the first field of digital assets, in addition to some points and check-in cards we have seen, it also includes various other assets, and there is a process of asset digitization.
The second area is the field of trade finance. Because the field of trade finance is originally a multi-link and multi-party participation method, blockchain can greatly improve the efficiency of the middle, making many of the original substitutes effective.
The third area uses equity, which is company equity like some regional equity trading centers. The purpose is to facilitate equity-to-transactions and facilitate relative circulation. At present, the multi-center blockchain system can indeed improve efficiency and reduce costs.
Xinlian is an information platform for news and data mining that is vertical in the field of blockchain. I hope it will be helpful to you.

Is how to make money with blockchain a scam?

It is not a scam. Generally speaking, the blockchain is still in its infancy, and many projects have not yet been implemented. Only those who respect the law of growth can Only by cultivating it step by step under certain conditions can it gradually mature. Technology is neutral, but it is human nature that determines the direction and outcome of technology. How blockchain and digital currency will develop in the future depends on the values ​​​​and civilization of the controller.
Blockchain can allow you to make money in this industry, but it can also make you bankrupt. Therefore, I would like to remind users that they need to be cautious when investing. Don’t let yourself get involved without making money, and the gain outweighs the loss. There are also many blockchain scams. We must also be more vigilant to avoid being deceived and causing unnecessary economic losses.
Expand information
Pre-loan stage
Blockchain technology can first be applied to the logistics supply chain to help banks and other lending institutions more comprehensively and accurately grasp the real main business, transaction background, and financing of small and micro enterprises. Downstream affiliated enterprises and their negotiating positions in the supply chainlocation, product sales, rhythm and path of repayment, etc., on the one hand, it helps more asset-light, high-growth and high-quality enterprises obtain financing support through transaction notes, logistics documents, etc., on the other hand, it prevents problematic enterprises from fabricating or falsifying business backgrounds and funds. Demand fraudulent loans.
In addition, blockchain can also be applied to the provident fund interconnection to help banks understand the actual payment status of social security, provident fund, etc. of shareholders, executives, and ordinary employees of borrowing companies, so as to reasonably evaluate the size of the company's personnel and operating conditions, and provide credit and loans. Provide sufficient basis for approval decisions.
Loan stage
Blockchain technology can be applied to corporate loan information review and mortgage and pledge review to help banks improve approval efficiency and ensure approval quality. In the financing process of enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises, they often need to provide contracts and other necessary materials. Paper-based contracts with multiple signatures and seals are not only inefficient, but also have a series of problems such as forgery, alteration, and false signatures, which bring problems to bank approval. Greater counterfeiting, fraud and credit risks.
With the support of blockchain technology, relevant real-name information subjects, orders and ordering processes, electronic contracts, agreement signing processes, subsequent supplementary agreements, and photo materials can be preserved in real time, and all stored certificates cannot be tampered with. Ensure that the bank quickly authenticates and approves, and efficiently resolves disputes when they arise. In addition to traditional real estate, other assets owned by enterprises and business owners, including bank financing and other financial assets, can also be used for transfer and pledge, becoming a qualified basis for credit enhancement that can be accepted by banks, improving the availability and immediacy of corporate credit. .
Post-loan stage
Blockchain technology can be applied to the timely assessment of an enterprise's production and operation status and ability to perform repayments, helping banks to effectively grasp credit risks and adjust post-loan risk control strategies at any time. In past business practices, banks often neither fully understand the true market value of mortgages and pledges, nor can they well judge the impact of an enterprise's operations in warehousing and exiting on the market value of remaining mortgages and pledges. The ability to control new loan types such as warehouse receipt pledges is relatively low.
After switching to digital warehouse receipts supported by blockchain technology, product quality, quantity, specifications, photos and other information can be completely and standardized on the chain. Authenticity and traceability are fully guaranteed, and banks can technically prevent Enterprises and warehousing institutions fabricate warehouse receipts and inconsistencies between warehouse receipts and warehouse entry and exit information to ensure that post-loan management is effective. In addition, information such as factory buildings and office building leasing of borrowing companies can also be fully shared with banks, upstream and downstream enterprises and other intermediary service agencies through blockchain technology, minimizing the risk of money being lost and other issues such as "people leaving the building empty".

㈨ October 25th News Broadcast - Blockchain Thoughts

Let’s first look at the reaction of the Chinese people. Below is a screenshot I took in the early morning of the 25th. Network index, blockchain began to attract search attention through news broadcast, from less than 10,000 to more than 72,000 overnight.

Looking at the next day, the network index of blockchain and Bitcoin continued to see a surge in related searches.

I didn’t check the WeChat index at that time, but I checked it on October 27th. It was a related surge of one million levels!

After seeing the news through a few pictures, do you still just take it as news? Still think blockchain and virtual currency have nothing to do with each other?

In fact, I am not qualified to evaluate it because I am also an unqualified investor!

Since investing in virtual currencies, I have neither suffered losses nor made profits. I have experienced bull and bear markets. I may consider myself lucky if I have neither losses nor profits.

What have you learned in the past two years?

1. Those who have no respect for the market will be punished.

Many losses occur when I am greedy and do not have my own expected goals and stop loss lines. When I make money, I think it is because of my strong ability. However, I do not know that it is caused by the general trend of the market, so in the When a crisis comes, I think I can turn losses into profits. Many times I am really ridiculous!

2. Have a deep understanding of money and human nature

When money comes easily, it has a great impact on daily work and life. Easy money , I don’t cherish it at all, I spend it lavishly, and I don’t pay that much attention to small money (earning money from work), so when the bear market comes, I “swim naked”, and my work and life are affected.

In short, if you don’t respect money, money doesn’t respect you. In addition, don’t test human greed.