区块链信息服务是什么,区块链信息服务管理规定解读
区块链信息服务是指使用区块链技术来记录和管理信息的服务。它能够将信息存储在分布式数据库中，从而确保数据的安全性和可靠性。因此，区块链信息服务管理规定旨在帮助企业更有效地管理数据，从而提高企业的效率和服务质量。
区块链信息安全是指在区块链信息服务管理规定中，企业应采取的信息安全措施。这些措施包括加密技术和数据审计技术，以确保数据的安全性和可靠性。此外，企业还应采取措施来防止数据泄露和滥用，以确保信息的保密性。
区块链信息管理是指在区块链信息服务管理规定中，企业应采取的信息管理措施。这些措施包括数据分类和数据标准化，以及数据管理系统的建立和实施。数据分类和标准化可以帮助企业更好地管理信息，而数据管理系统可以提高企业的效率和服务质量。
区块链信息服务规范是指在区块链信息服务管理规定中，企业应遵守的服务规范。这些规范包括数据质量标准、数据安全标准、数据共享标准等。这些标准可以帮助企业确保数据的质量，确保数据的安全性，以及更好地共享数据。
请查看相关英文文档
❶ What is blockchain
On May 27, 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Office of the Central Cybersecurity and Information Technology Commission issued the "About Accelerating the Promotion of Blockchain "Guiding Opinions on Blockchain Technology Application and Industrial Development" (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Lianxinfa [2021] No. 62), the document defines blockchain as follows:
Blockchain is an important part of the new generation of information technology and is New database software that integrates distributed networks, encryption technology, smart contracts and other technologies is expected to solve the trust and security issues in cyberspace through data transparency, difficulty in tampering and traceability, and promote the transformation of the Internet from transmitting information to transmitting value. Construct the information industry system.
Blockchain is the cornerstone of building trust and a trusted network that enables credit transfer and value transfer. Reliable blockchain infrastructure allows enterprises and governments to quickly and efficiently build blockchain networks and industry applications, achieve reliable and rapid flow of capital, logistics, and information flows, and achieve efficient and credible collaboration, helping to reduce collaboration costs and improve Efficiency
The current application of blockchain + industry mainly has the following directions:
Blockchain + insurance industry, insurance companies can optimize business processes and reduce risks through the needs on the blockchain. Customers who purchase insurance have a full, objective and comprehensive understanding of data;
Blockchain + supply chain enables information in all aspects of the supply chain to be updated and shared in real time, making it easier for personnel in each link to understand the latest information and make correct and objective decisions. business judgment.
Blockchain + medical industry, blockchain information cannot be tampered with, ensuring the accuracy and uniqueness of medical data; establishing patient electronic health records, recording real patient health data, and obtaining authorization to view through private keys, that is, protection The collection of sensitive personal data also facilitates doctors to make more accurate treatment plans.
❷ Guangdong Province will build more than 200 Internet hospitals and build a health and medical big data development cluster
Recently, the "14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Health Care in Guangdong Province" was released. A number of main tasks and key tasks surrounding health care during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period are proposed, which can be summarized in the following aspects:
First, vigorously consolidate the overall medical and health pattern of "standing up to the sky and the ground". Benchmark the world's best, concentrate advantageous resources to promote the construction of national medical centers, national regional medical centers, national key clinical specialty groups and international medical centers in our province, further promote the construction of a strong province of traditional Chinese medicine and a highland of traditional Chinese medicine in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and expand high-quality Medical resource supply. Give full play to the radiating and leading role of high-level hospitals, promote the improvement of the overall medical level of the city and the clinical specialty capabilities of county-level hospitals, consolidate the base of the grassroots medical and health service network, and promote the balanced distribution of high-quality medical resources.
The second is to continue to deepen the reform of the medical and health system. Adhere to people's health as the center, promote the integration of health into all policies, vigorously promote the construction of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment systems, high-quality development of public hospitals, "three medical" linkages, comprehensive industry supervision and other importantPoint reform.
The third is to accelerate the construction of a strong public health system. Accelerate the construction of a modern disease control system, improve health emergency response capabilities and the ability to treat major epidemics. We should adhere to the principle of giving priority to prevention and combining prevention and treatment, optimize the prevention and control strategies of major diseases, strengthen the prevention and control of major infectious diseases and endemic diseases, implement comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases, and improve the mental health and mental health service system.
The fourth is to further promote the construction of a healthy Guangdong. Continue to carry out patriotic health campaigns, strengthen food safety risk monitoring, improve the national fitness public service system, health promotion and education system, promote basic public health services, and comprehensively intervene in major health factors. Strengthen the coherence of supporting childbirth policies, strengthen the health protection of the elderly, children, disabled people, and professional groups to ensure the health of the people throughout their life cycle. Vigorously develop social-run hospitals, further promote the integration of medical and health care, and actively develop diversified health services.
The fifth is to improve the health and priority development security system. Strengthen the construction of the talent team, enhance technological innovation and biosecurity capabilities, develop digital health, promote the construction of a healthy bay area and international cooperation, strengthen the construction of health and health legal governance, increase investment in health and health undertakings, and comprehensively build a high-quality development platform for health and health undertakings in Guangdong Province Security System.
In specific tasks, the role of digitalization and informatization has been emphasized many times.
01
In the process of continuing to deepen the reform of the medical and health system, several aspects are mainly involved:
Accelerating the construction of a hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system, which mentioned that the establishment of Improve the technical standards and working mechanisms for hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, accelerate the sharing of information such as electronic health files and electronic medical records among medical and health institutions, and provide patients with smooth referrals and continuous diagnosis and treatment.
To promote the high-quality development of public hospitals, we will strengthen the supporting role of informatization, support public hospitals in carrying out Internet diagnosis and treatment, standardize the Internet diagnosis and treatment operation model, promote the improvement of "Internet medical service" projects and prices, and further standardize "Internet medical service" "Service" scope of medical insurance reimbursement.
Promote the coordinated reform of medical security and pharmaceutical services, include qualified "Internet medical services" into the scope of medical insurance payment, and explore direct settlement of "Internet medical services" for medical treatment in other places.
Strengthen the comprehensive supervision of the medical and health industry, build a provincial comprehensive supervision platform for data sharing and business collaboration, fully integrate into our province’s “one network and unified management” system, and promote the realization of intelligent supervision of the medical and health industry.
It will be implemented through the implementation of a number of deepening medical reform projects, such as the project to improve comprehensive health supervision and law enforcement capabilities, promote the construction of a provincial comprehensive supervision platform, and realize intelligent supervision of the province's medical and health industry. Pharmacy management service reform project, establish and improve the remote prescription review mechanism, and carry out remote remote prescription review for primary medical and health institutions based on the telemedicine platformCentralize prescription pre-review, remote pharmacy consultation, etc., implement the "AI pharmacist" project, and improve the capabilities of grassroots pharmacists.
02
Improve health and prioritize the development of the security system, and make it clear that digital health will be vigorously developed.
Promote the in-depth application and innovative development of new generation information technology in the medical and health industry, build a national "Internet Medical and Health" demonstration province, build strong new health and medical infrastructure, and enhance digital health development capabilities.
Relying on the e-government external network, integrate all types of basic network resources at all levels to build a unified health and medical business network across the province. Improve the authoritative and unified provincial and municipal second-level national health information platform, and promote the connection and linkage of electronic health files with electronic medical records and public health service information.
Improve the "Internet medical and health" service supervision platform and promote the standardized and orderly development of "Internet medical and health". The construction of smart hospitals with data as the core is generally carried out in hospitals at level 2 and above, developing smart services, smart clinics, and smart management, optimizing smart medical service processes, and providing seamless online and offline continuous services.
Strengthen the construction of intelligent early warning capabilities and improve the digital and intelligent level of public health services. Focusing on the comprehensive system of medical and health intelligent supervision and performance evaluation, we will build a new system of comprehensive digital governance of health and wellness.
Standardize and strengthen the construction of the health and medical big data security system, deepen the application of health and medical big data in clinical scientific research, education and training, product research and development, industry governance, etc., and explore and form a Guangdong-specific health and medical big data development model.
Improve the national health informatization standard system and strengthen information and network security protection.
Implement digital health projects. Build a Guangdong health cloud to realize "one network" for medical and health. Improve the comprehensive management platform for national health information at the provincial and municipal levels, and initially build a provincial medical and health big data center. Build a number of “Internet medical and health” demonstration cities, counties (districts). Continue to deepen the "Five Ones" action of medical, health and information convenience and benefiting the people. Promote the innovative application of new technologies such as medical artificial intelligence, 5G, and blockchain in the medical and health fields, and create a number of demonstration smart hospitals. By 2025, more than 200 Internet hospitals will be built in the province. Build an intelligent multi-point trigger early warning information system to improve public health early warning capabilities. Build digital health education support projects and carry out personalized and intelligent education information services. Accelerate the construction of a national health and medical big data research institute and a health and medical big data center in Guangdong, and select a group of collaborative innovation base hospitals and enterprises to form a health and medical big data development cluster.
03
Construction of disease control system, development of traditional Chinese medicineDevelopment, medical and health care and other fields also emphasize the role of informatization.
Promote the modernization of the disease control system. Implement the capacity improvement project of disease prevention and control institutions, comprehensively improve the facilities and equipment conditions of disease control institutions, build an epidemic monitoring and early warning system, laboratory testing system and decision support system that meet the needs of modern disease prevention and control, and strengthen monitoring and early warning, risk analysis, decision-making management, Inspection and testing, epidemiological investigation and on-site investigation and processing capabilities.
Promote the modernization of health emergency management systems and capabilities. Strengthen the construction of health emergency informatization and promote information interconnection and sharing among departments.
Promote the inheritance, innovation and development of traditional Chinese medicine. Strengthen the support and drive of traditional Chinese medicine informatization and promote the in-depth application of new generation information technology in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.
Deeply promote the integrated development of medical and health care. Strengthen informatization support for the integration of medical and nursing care, and increase the supply of smart, healthy and elderly care products.
❸ How extensive is the scope of blockchain?
The breadth of blockchain is just like the Internet. The future trend is increasingly towards blockchain. To be honest, there are many now. Binance chain, Binance Smart chain, etc. are all practical applications of blockchain.
❹ What are the fields involved in blockchain applications and what are the specific scenarios?
Blockchain technology is widely used, and the main applications of blockchain are under the integration of new technologies. The scenarios cover many fields such as finance and insurance, intelligent manufacturing, intelligent environmental protection, energy and electricity, medical and health care, education, cultural and creative industries, smart cities, social welfare, agriculture, etc.
Blockchain + Finance
Blockchain can help financial institutions solve problems such as trust and data sharing.
Blockchain + Copyright Art Category
Tianhe Guoyun’s Blockchain Copyright System
3. Blockchain + Government Affairs
In terms of statistics, voting, budget management, etc., blockchain can reduce costs, improve efficiency, and increase transparency to prevent the risk of failure of centralized systems.
4. Blockchain + Insurance
Fraud identification and risk prevention: By placing insurance claims under an immutable general ledger, blockchain can help eliminate confusion in the insurance industry. Common sources of fraud.
Property insurance and casualty insurance: Policies and shared ledgers recorded in the form of smart contracts can improve the efficiency of property insurance and casualty insurance.
Health insurance: Blockchain technology allows medical records to be encrypted and shared among health service providers, thereby improving the interoperability of the health insurance ecosystem.
Reinsurance: The information security of reinsurance contracts on the blockchain platform is guaranteed through smart contracts, which can reduce the amount of information and simplify the payment process between insurers and reinsurers.
❺ India uses blockchain to build smart cities
Recently, India has launched a smart city project as Prime Minister Modi’s primary planOne of the plans will bring huge development potential to its technology market, and blockchain is one of them. Although its large-scale projects have not been achieved since its release on June 25, 2015, and only 1.8% of the funds have been used so far, its city-building ideas of blockchain as the underlying technology are still full of potential. EtherFlyer will take you to discover The veil of blockchain smart city.
In order to create more livable cities, the smart city plan will be carried out in 100 cities. The aim is to implement innovative digital technologies in these cities and integrate them with the vision of "Digital India" to achieve digital empowerment of citizens. The project will integrate “digital” into all aspects of urban life: from infrastructure, healthcare, education, cleaning, sanitation, waste management and other services.
On May 17, India’s Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation released an update on the smart city plan, saying that so far more than a thousand projects have been completed or are being implemented and tendered. EtherFlyer learned that the underlying technology of these projects is blockchain, whose role is to ensure the operation of smart cities. The emergence of blockchain will change the foundation of cities and even the "brains" of smart cities. This mechanism will integrate key factors such as adaptability, accountability, transparency, accuracy and operational efficiency into the entire city.
EtherFlyer Let’s give a brief introduction first. Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that can store information in multiple systems, enable peer-to-peer (P2P) exchange, and use verification processes to create trusted and secure Distributed storage is democratic and based on consensus. Safe and trustworthy here means: the blockchain network does not require any intermediate entity for any type of verification.
Most importantly, blockchains (public) use Proof of Work (PoW, Proof of Work) or Proof of Stake (PoS, Proof of Stake) to reach consensus once the information is recorded in a block And being on the blockchain (blockchain), the data cannot be deleted or manipulated. This brings transparency to the data, eliminating any form of tampering and manipulation.
From voting, security, land registration, logistics, healthcare, power distribution, banking, certificates, birth, death, education, housing and almost any field that requires registration governance, blockchain completely solves it Trust issues. Although the Indian government has yet to exploit the full potential of blockchain in smart cities, it has established a series of blockchain-based Proofs of Concept (PoC) in the above areas. Especially on the eve of the emergence of new technologies, EtherFlyer believes that this proof of concept is very important for blockchain technology.For large-scale application, this plan in India is very instructive and deserves attention. Therefore, EtherFlyer has outlined the framework of this project, hoping that everyone can have a more concrete understanding of blockchain "smart cities" and bring more inspiration.
A study by Australia’s Griffith University, “Using Blockchain Technology to Securing Smart Cities,” demonstrates a security framework and proposes how to integrate blockchain with smart devices to provide smart cities with Provide a secure communication platform. The main advantage of using a blockchain security framework is that this mechanism can protect against many threats. Additionally, it offers many unique features such as improved reliability, better fault tolerance, faster and more efficient operations, and scalability.
EtherFlyer believes that devices combined with blockchain technology will be integrated into a common platform in smart cities, and all devices can run securely in a distributed environment. "A system-level model should be designed in the future to investigate the interoperability and scalability of different platforms used in smart cities," the paper also states.
Under the current system in India, half of the data is hard drive copy, and half is system integration across departments and organizations. Data can be easily modified, controlled or deleted at any intermediate link, and users must rely on On "trust" in data operators, control systems and processors. For example, there have been numerous complaints about massive identity data leaks, but not once has the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) acknowledged the issue. The issue now is not just about data security, but about “trust” of the people in the organization.
To solve this problem, India took inspiration from Estonian management. Estonia has completed the construction of electronic data on residents, while India’s smart city citizen identity data will use a public blockchain model, which will eliminate the “trust” issue in organizations once and for all. In Estonia, even after acquiring a data node, citizens can learn who viewed their personal information, see a list of organizations that accessed the data, what data was accessed at the time, and what the data was used for.
Blockchain can enable similar systems to ensure transparency and security in India’s voting system. Complaints about manipulation of electronic voting machines (EVMs), records and data have increased with every election. Blockchain will be a reliable way to eliminate the "trust crisis" of machines. Blockchain cannot be manipulated at will like machines. The Indian smart city project will be applied to the world's largest voting system. This will be an example of large-scale application of blockchain, which can not only reduce the cost of elections, but also greatly improve the transparency and efficiency of the system.
In addition to banking, government and private medical institutions will promote electronic health records (EHR). Blockchain can change the current way of recording medical data such as drugs, blood, organs, medical licenses and physician records. . EtherFlyer has learned that about 70% of health plan and health system IT directors believe that blockchainThe chain is of great help to the operability of medical insurance.
Similar to other records, educational certificates or records, birth/death certificates, land records, energy supplies, and communications, all other data can be put on the blockchain. EtherFlyer would like to explain here that the chain is not to run these huge data on the blockchain, but to use the blockchain as the underlying logic to ensure that the data cannot be tampered with and the records are transparent.
Blockchain can also be used for warehousing, refrigeration, transportation and other related agricultural data to increase transparency and reduce complexity and cost. Once data related to any subject is added to a public blockchain, it can replace existing "trustless" systems and the data can be obtained by anyone at any time, depending on the permissions granted. For vertical applications in agriculture, EtherFlyer has a detailed introduction in "Application of Blockchain in Agricultural Supply Chain".
NITI Aayog has been working on the concept of IndiaChain (a local blockchain project), which is described as a "shared, India-specific blockchain infrastructure", but since last year No further update was provided and the smart city mission was not implemented as planned. Lack of execution (India is known for its administrative inefficiency) and obstruction by interest groups have both led to the slow advancement of blockchain smart cities. However, EtherFlyer believes that the framework of this project is still very far-sighted, showing the huge potential of blockchain applications and making smart cities truly "smart". What EtherFlyer understands as "smart" is not technological advancement or material abundance, but fairness, openness, transparency, and non-tamperability in the underlying logic, which is consistent with EtherFlyer's decentralized trading philosophy. Individuals form real social groups rather than power centers through the blockchain. This is the "smart city" of the future.
❻ How to introduce the blockchain in 3 minutes in a simple and easy-to-understand manner, and what its commercial value will be in the future
There is a real joke, an engineer from Ant Financial, he wrote I submitted a blind date resume, and the job description in it was "code farmer", but no one clicked it for a long time. Later, he changed his work experience to "blockchain" and received 381 love letters at once.
From workers in high-tech industries to square dancing aunties, it seems that everyone is participating in the blockchain carnival. So what exactly is the seemingly mysterious blockchain? After reading the following content, you will have completed the journey from beginner to beginner.
1. What is blockchain?
To put it bluntly, the blockchain is "everyone keeps accounts together." Any database needs a big housekeeper to take care of itResponsible for "bookkeeping" (maintaining the system and entering data). But after using blockchain technology, the concept of this "central steward" disappears, and each of us can participate in accounting. So the question is, whose record will ultimately prevail? Of course, it is the person who completes the work well and quickly. A system that strictly adheres to fairness will select this person based on the algorithm, write the contents of his records into the ledger, and send the contents of the ledger during this period to everyone in the system. of others to make backups.
Any new thing must have unique advantages if it wants to develop rapidly, and the same is true for blockchain technology. First of all, blockchain technology ensures the security of the system. In the absence of a central steward, everyone is a defender of the home, which means that destroying some nodes has no impact on the system at all. Second, the recording process cannot be cheated. Everyone in the blockchain system has the same ledger, and the entire process is open and transparent. The system will determine the final result based on the opinions of the majority. It is difficult for an individual to hack into so many computers at the same time, and it is meaningless to just modify one's own results. Who would do such a thankless task? Third, and most importantly, the blockchain completely abandons the existence of "credit intermediaries". Credit intermediaries are the platforms we must pass through when transferring money, such as traditional banks. Now any two strangers can directly complete mutual trust transfers, and the efficiency has been improved not only a little!
3. What is the use of blockchain technology? ?
As mentioned above, the main advantages of blockchain are that it does not require intermediary participation, the process is efficient and transparent, the cost is very low, and the data is highly secure. That is to say, any industry that has needs in these three aspects can use blockchain technology. Here are a few examples:
In the banking industry, the use of blockchain technology is equivalent to updating a digital, secure and tamper-proof General ledger books. In fact, Swiss bank UBS and Barclays Bank in the UK have already begun experiments, hoping to use it as a way to accelerate back-end system functions and clearing and settlement capabilities. Some institutions in the banking industry claim that blockchain may reduce middleman costs by 20 billion.
In terms of car rental, blockchain also has great potential. A future customer selects the car they want to lease, entering the blockchain's public ledger; then, sitting in the driver's seat, the customer signs the lease agreement and insurance policy, and the blockchainSynchronize updated information. This is a foreseeable future for car sales and car registrations.
In terms of medical and health care, blockchain technology allows hospitals, patients and all parties in the medical benefit chain to share data in the blockchain network, and Don’t worry about data security and integrity. This means more accurate diagnosis, more effective treatment, and an improvement in the health system’s overall ability to deliver cost-effective care.
Blockchain is not cold-blooded. It has been implemented in applications that are closely related to our lives. For example, the application of Ant blockchain ranges from public welfare, to mutual insurance, to traceability of product authenticity, to traceability of rental housing.
In 2018, blockchain will "return to the world."
Blockchain, do you really understand it? Since it says three minutes, let’s give a simple answer.
1. What is blockchain;
2. What are the benefits of blockchain;
3. What are the uses of blockchain;
4. Blockchain technology and existing problems;
Let’s first look at the first question: What is blockchain
Let’s look at it literally. Blockchain is called Blockchain in English. This is a very good word. The English name is well chosen and the Chinese translation is also very beautiful.
1. What is a "block"?
You can think of it as a record, or anything, which forms such a record during the production stage. This thing can be any physical or virtual object in the Internet of Everything.
For example, if you generate a Bitcoin, which is a thing, it actually corresponds to a block. This block is a record of what it is.
When you produce a bottle of medicine in the future, a block is actually generated when this bottle of medicine is produced. When it leaves the factory, it needs to be recorded once, and this corresponds to it one-to-one.
This is the first dimension.
To make it easier to understand, for example, each of us is born with a unique identifier, which is our DNA. All species in the world have different DNA. Every individual's DNA is different.
Your parents can name you Zhang San, Li Si, Wang Wu. These names can be repeated, just like a bottle of medicine, whether it is aspirin or penicillin, these can also be repeated. Famous. However, human DNA is different. Even if you have identical brothers and sisters, your DNA is different, so this is your unique identifier. And once your DNA is formed, it cannot be changed. This is a distinction.One benefit of blockchain.
2. What is "chain"? The chain is actually a process. You can think of it as a transaction process. After this bottle of medicine leaves the factory, it enters the warehouse from the workshop and passes through a certain door, and it will record the process.
Of course, this requires automatic computer recording, and the cost of human recording is too high. Then, packing is a process, and transportation to the cargo transfer station is another process. Then it is loaded into a car and transported to the wholesale station, which is the next process.
Every step of the process is recorded. It is a process to go from the wholesale station to the store, it is another process for the people in the store to receive this batch of medicines and put them on the shelves, and it is still a process for you to buy them. Finally, when the whole process is connected, you will have a way to track the entire process of this bottle of medicine and know its authenticity, because once this bottle of medicine is produced, it will be bound to the blockchain, as well as to people and people. The same is true for DNA binding, which cannot be changed, but it can be seen and detected.
The doctor can also determine whether this person is you by testing DNA. So in terms of nature, if we virtualize it, it is actually a smart contract. You have signed a sales relationship with one of your customers. Once this happens, it cannot be changed. Then everyone can only execute it. This execution process is the same as the tracking of drugs I just talked about.
Second question: What are the benefits of blockchain?
1. Mathematically speaking, it is very beautiful. It changes from the past that you had to own something before you could know its properties to that you don’t own it, but you can ask questions Learned many details about it.
Mathematically speaking, this is a perfect asymmetric situation. You can tell whether it's true or false, but you can't change it.
2. Theoretically speaking, blockchain is very safe. For example, if you participate in the process of a bottle of medicine, others cannot see this information. That is to say When you buy this bottle of medicine, you can know where it comes from, but others cannot.
For the same reason, for example, if we sign a contract, others can verify the contract. If you go to a bank for a loan, he can ask you the amount.
However, he cannot obtain this contract, and he cannot steal this contract from your computer.
Blockchain also has some very interesting properties. For example, a block chain can be divided into two at will, or several can be combined into one, etc.
3. Blockchain is transparent, which means that everyone abides by this algorithm and there is no special agreement in private. So, if you believe in this algorithm, it means you believe in me and believe that I didn't do anything fishy. I will not secretly do anything in the contract to make you suffer losses.
This is a beautiful place theoretically and mathematically.
In the third piece, let’s take a look at the uses of blockchain
1. Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin is a kind, and the Ethereum currency that everyone uses now is also a kind. Of course, you can base it on it You can make another one on the basis of Zhang's three coins or Li's four coins. As for whether it can replace the currency of the future, this is doubtful.
2. Financing, we used to divide financing into three stages: the first stage is to get a loan from the bank. If you want to open a restaurant, you need to mortgage something. The second stage is that you issue some stocks and I sell 10% of the stocks, so that I can obtain part of the funds.
The third stage is actually crowdfunding. For example, if I want to write a book, it may cost 50,000 yuan for the publishing house to publish it. If any of you can give me 50 yuan at the beginning, I will use it in the future. Once the book is written, give everyone a copy. You will get the book, and of course I will publish it. But there is a problem. For example, I sell this book for 100 yuan and you get it for 50 yuan. What if my book sells very well, assuming I sell 100,000 copies, but you don’t seem to benefit from me? what to do?
Is there a fairer way to measure everyone's contribution? One way is to issue a cryptocurrency (ICO). When the business we do becomes bigger in the future, you can benefit from it.
3. Smart contract, for example, sign a contract. In the future, the smart contract can become like this. All the nodes in the middle are determined when the contract is signed, such as building or decorating a house for you. , your payment must be given to me at any stage of the decoration. If you accept it, no problem, the payment will be automatically given to me.
You can even sign with my supplier, which means that as soon as my money arrives in my account, I will give it to my supplier immediately. This will save many triangular debt problems in the future, including the problem of arrears to migrant workers.
Blockchain can also be used for property registration, car registration, etc. Of course, another great use is gambling. In fact, gambling is the most willing to adopt new technologies because it is closely related to money.
After talking about the benefits of blockchain, let’s take a look at the technology and existing problems of blockchain.
Today’s blockchain is basically the second generation and the first generation. It is the Bitcoin generation. It has many problems. It is not a platform, but is actually a specific application.
The second generation is represented by Ethereum. It is a platform on which you can issue your own coins, and it removes the concept of mining machines, so its transaction costs will be much lower. . The reason why ICOs are everywhere today is because with Ethereum, you can issue coins. Unlike in the past with Bitcoin, you had to completely copy its formula and copy it again. Today you are on Ethereum. , it is easy to issue your own currency, just like today on the Android operating system, you can easily do your ASame as pp.
There are three problems with Bitcoin transactions
1. The transaction delay is very long. I asked people who specialize in Bitcoin transactions and the delivery time ranges from two hours to two hours. Days wait, so it is very inconvenient for you to use it to launder money. After the RMB is converted into US dollars, it may fall by 20% in two days, and you will lose 20% of your money.
2. It cannot be distributed. Like Bitcoin, the early people took away a lot of its shares, so how to distribute it in the future is also a problem. No one knows clearly, so it is difficult to use it as a currency. a currency. Because if it really becomes a currency that everyone uses, it will be equivalent to the first few people taking away a large part of the world's property.
3. Transaction costs are high. For example, a cup of coffee at Starbucks in the United States costs $2.50 on average. You usually pay money at the counter, and the transaction time is only one minute. If you want to use Bitcoin, you have to wait two hours before you can get your coffee, and the transaction costs are extremely high, the electricity bill alone is $20. In other words, if you pay $2.50 for coffee, the transaction cost of electricity is $20, so this is unrealistic.
Blockchain has high risks. This risk is not only a technical risk, but also a policy risk. In fact, this is also an opportunity. Whoever solves this problem will get the opportunity. Its transaction costs are also very high, so whoever can develop new underlying technology and reduce this transaction cost will make a lot of profits in the future.
Some people say it is the next generation of the Internet. I don’t agree with this, but it will definitely be a supplement to the Internet. Some people say whether it can subvert the central bank, but this is not certain, because there is no reason why the central bank or these big banks cannot do this themselves, so those who expect it to subvert the central bank may be too happy too early.
Perhaps in the end it was these large financial institutions in the past that used the blockchain to update themselves.
Talk in the vernacular and get useful information!
Literally, blockchain is blocks and chains, and some relationship between them. It is essentially a distributed accounting method and a network database system that cannot be tampered with.
The current development directions include digital currency, payment, smart contracts, defi finance, web3 and so on. It is still in the initial stage of development and is a back-end technology. Most projects are still speculating and financing.
Today’s Afghanistan may best prove the value of Bitcoin, and there is no problem with value storage
Blockchain is not just a technology, it is a way of trust transfer, value The way it is delivered may have huge potential in the future.
Keywords: block, chain, database, ledger, Afghanistan, currency speculation, value, technology, market
First, what is a blockchain? Block and chain, an accounting methodformat, network data storage format.
Literally speaking, blockchain refers to blocks and chains. This block actually records the transaction records of the entire network, or the execution process result data of smart contracts, etc.
Every once in a while, the entire network will produce a block. This block records all transfer data, and the blocks need to be connected by some kind of "chain".
This chain is an encryption algorithm. Some information of the previous block is used to calculate and obtain some information of the next block. They are linked together. The latter block can trace back to the previous block and needs to be modified. The next block must modify the previous block, all the way to the first block. Regarding the details of these issues, I have written many articles before. If you are interested, you can go back and take a look.
Blockchain is actually an accounting method, or a database storage method. Please pay attention to what I say below. The whole process is the operating mechanism of blockchain.
Each node in the entire network has the same status and runs the same program. This program is used to collect, encapsulate and package all transaction record data records that occurred in the entire network within a period of time. Then broadcast it to the entire network
Let’s take Bitcoin as an example. Once this packaging and encapsulation is completed, you can obtain the right to produce the block. A certain amount of Bitcoin can be issued every time a block is produced. Since the nodes in the entire network run the same program, there is no center to control everyone. Therefore, the currency issued is irrevocable and cannot be changed.
How to decide who has the right to make a block? This requires the use of the so-called consensus mechanism, which is to establish a rule and use who produces the block as the benchmark to solve the problem of network consistency. The mainstream consensus mechanisms include POW mechanism and POS mechanism. Proof of work and proof of stake. Proof of work, who does more work, and proof of equity, who stakes more assets
Pow means that everyone calculates a difficult mathematical problem together, whoever calculates it Whoever comes out has the right to produce the block. Pos means that everyone takes out their family assets as mortgage, and whoever mortgages more. It is possible to be selected as a block producing node.
The essence of this approach is that you have to pay a certain price and receive a certificate of investment, which essentially builds a kind of trust.
When all these tasks are completed, a block can be produced, and the block will be connected to the previous block one by one. This is the entire block sequence. Note that the entire blockchain world will produce many blocks, connected to one chain after another, but everyone will only recognize the longest chain, and short chains will be discarded.
To put it simply, each network node uses a program to package transactions within a period of time, and then connects the transaction blocks one after another and saves them in each node, but an encryption algorithm will be used in the process. Ensure that node information is not leaked and ensureThe user's information is encrypted to ensure that the information in the block is not cracked or tampered with
Second, the current development of the blockchain and various projects In terms of meaning, at this stage it is more about currency speculation, and there is no problem with value storage.
Blockchain has been developing for twelve or three years since the Bitcoin white paper in 2008. It has also experienced various evolutions and developments.
For example, now it has gone from being able to issue currency in a distributed way to now having huge functional expansion. The landmark event is the birth of the Ethereum smart contract.
I have explained many times that a smart contract is an automated contract signed by two or three parties. It will be automatically executed as long as the conditions are met. It is essentially a program with infinite possibilities and the judge in the blockchain world. Various functions can be input into the program, and the program exists. Blockchain has become rich and colorful.
Current blockchain applications mainly include the following aspects: smart contracts, payments, cross-chain assets, oracles, defi, web3 storage, etc. I will briefly mention two. Let’s take an example and talk about its commercial application.
For example, defi applications are quite popular on Ethereum now. Defi is decentralized finance. Abbreviation for decentralized finance.
What does it probably mean? It is to move all financial-related businesses in real life, such as mortgages, insurances, and loans, onto the blockchain.
This field is very popular now, and the reason is simple. It is very suitable for blockchain. As I said, a smart contract on the blockchain is a contract. If the contract conditions are met, execution can be automatically triggered.
In the past, it might have been very troublesome for you to go to the bank to apply for a loan. You had to sign various signatures and verify them, and the bank might not be open on weekends and nights
But with blockchain The network operates 24 hours a day. If you want to run various assets on it and do various mortgage transactions, you only need to click and there is a software terminal.
Of course, the real assets will be frozen in the process and mapped to virtual assets. After the transaction is completed, they will be exchanged for real assets. Cross-chain technology and oracle technology may also be used in this process, which I have written in detail in other articles.
It roughly means cutting off banks through decentralization, and direct point-to-point transactions. The security of transactions is guaranteed by blockchain technology, code and cryptography.
There is also the current web3 storage class. For example, the leading project fil. His vision is to take out all the scattered hard drives. Break all the data and information that need to be stored on the network into small pieces
and then distribute them to the entire network. When we want to use network data in the future, we will notA large network database or server is no longer needed. In this way, Internet giants cannot charge high service fees. There is no way to maintain a monopoly.
If you want to obtain stored information, just take a taxi online like dd. You pay for a taxi, so that information on the Internet can flow freely. Costs will drop significantly.
Of course, these visions are grand and huge, and the current blockchain development is still in its early stages. There are still some technical difficulties to be overcome and some underlying systems to be established, but there is no problem in this direction.
Initial digital asset projects like Bitcoin have now been proven to be very safe. Just like this situation in Afghanistan, the first thing that comes to my mind is Bitcoin. He is the first violent and unplunderable asset.
Your house may be occupied and blown up, and your gold may be robbed. And if you have Bitcoin, it's much easier. He can't snatch this thing away, because the mnemonic phrase and private key are in your mind, and he doesn't even know whether you have this thing in your mind. If you want to pass it on to your child, just ask him to memorize the key and mnemonic phrase.
It is precisely because we are now in a stage of financing and bubbles that all the news you see on the Internet is still speculation.
Also, this thing is a back-end technology. For example, Guangdong Province already has blockchain invoices. For example, there are already some blockchain apps for judicial certification, but for the front-end For you, you can't feel it. There is an extra string of hash codes on the invoice, can you tell the difference?
This is why when it comes to blockchain now, everyone is speculating on coins, but in fact it has certain applications and future technical logic.
Third, it is essentially the mechanism of trust, the way of value transmission, and the exploration of social governance methods.
What is the essential value of blockchain? The most important thing is that it is a way of credit transfer. Because there is enough credit, real-life assets and property values can be spread on the Internet in the form of information codes.
Mainly in these aspects.
First, before Bitcoin, people did not know how to protect a piece of information, because information on the Internet can actually be copied. Bitcoin solves the problem of uniqueness of information assets. With scarcity, there is value in transactions and storage.
The second is decentralization and disintermediation. We used to do everything. All require some kind of intermediary. For example, when you borrow money, a bank acts as an intermediary, and when you buy a house, various institutions and real estate agencies act as intermediaries.
You cannot buy or sell directly. Because you don't have enough credit. We usually come to find a third party, but the third party is usually made up of people and may also do evil.
For example, I was able to strike lightning a while agoThe master who whipped him five times in a row. If he calls you all kinds of names at the beginning, you may be frightened. You won't know he is a liar until he is punched and lying straight there. This is human credit, which is unreliable
Blockchain ensures credit through code, cryptography, and consensus mechanisms. We no longer need a powerful third party. Note that this third party will often become a monopoly boss.
The third is to reduce the cost of coordination, communication and entry barriers.
If we want to become richer, we need to trade in the market. And transactions require coordination and division of labor. Essentially, the companies and organizations we work for are intermediaries.
You have to integrate your resources through this kind of intermediary, transform your labor force, your brainpower, and your ingenuity into final products and sell them on the market.
The smart contract technology of blockchain technology can break up these contracts in a decentralized manner. People in the market can combine freely to establish a new type of organization that is completely transparent and cannot tamper with the rules, which is a blockchain autonomous organization. The future of this kind of organization may be more promising than that of ordinary joint-stock companies.
You can join or quit an organization at will, and the trust between you and others has been resolved. You can cooperate with others and sign smart contracts to complete joint collaboration and complete a certain product. We no longer have to worry about some big capitalist taking advantage of everyone and getting the bulk of the profits.
So the Bitcoin blockchain is essentially a big social experiment, through the consensus mechanism, the decentralized decision-making method, and the distributed signing of smart contracts. Gradually and completely change the original appearance of our society. Restore the original ideal of market economy, peer-to-peer, direct transactions between people.
To summarize. Blockchain is a block of information connected together through an encryption algorithm. It is essentially an accounting method and a network data structure
Through decentralization, you can do finance, storage, and decentralize many things, but now it is still very In the initial stage, most projects are still in the stage of speculation, financing and concept development.
The value storage capability of the blockchain has been proven to be problem-free, very safe, and cannot be plundered by violence.
The essence of blockchain solves the problem of credit intermediary, and at the same time can reduce the cost for people to work together, lower the threshold for enterprise entry, improve social efficiency, make social transactions larger, and allow We are richer.
I recommend the book linked below, it is easy to understand. Like You Pump tells the history of the birth of blockchain, the underlying technical logic of blockchain, and some mainstream projects. Learn some knowledge about blockchain, feel more at ease, and no longer worry about whether it is a scam.
❼ Application of blockchain in the medical and health industry
Alibaba Health is now piloting the blockchain + project, and Changsha Information Industry Park itself A SMIC blockchain service platform project has been built to collect applications from enterprises and build a blockchain industry alliance.
❽ SHS uses blockchain to further explore the development of medical insurance
Insurance has high risks, strong dispersion and high sensitivity, which are naturally consistent with the attributes of blockchain. The traceability feature of blockchain technology can make the medical insurance service process more transparent; the security capabilities of blockchain can well solve the privacy protection and commercial information security issues in data transmission; and the consensus mechanism of blockchain can The credibility of the transaction is further guaranteed from the source. Due to the above-mentioned characteristics of blockchain, it can largely help the medical insurance industry to realize information sharing and connection of a large number of dispersed nodes within the industry, between industries and between users, thereby greatly accelerating the space and speed of medical insurance innovation.
With blockchain technology, each participant can now individually and digitally load information relevant only to their shared contract. This way, when a transaction is being executed, everyone involved can view the status, history, and process of being authorized. Peer-to-peer (P2P) transmission and open and transparent blockchain technology are becoming very potential value propositions in the industry.
Because blockchain permanently records all transactions between its participants, it is able to provide a level of transparency that current paradigms in the insurance sector do not offer.
SHS (Smart Health Sandbox) selects the SHA-256 encryption mechanism to encrypt the data in the chain. The transaction data and trader information between users are only available to the transaction parties and users with corresponding permissions. Can be viewed. Medical insurance based on blockchain smart contracts will provide a more optimized insurance model. Users do not need to pay expensive insurance management costs, but directly establish intelligent insurance contracts on the blockchain, with management costs close to zero, allowing users to Insurance funds are completely managed and controlled by the user. Medical institutions on the chain can also seamlessly connect with mutual medical insurance, data connectivity, and economic connectivity, allowing people to obtain better medical insurance services.
The third level of blockchain technology development is the process of common development and mutual promotion. Especially for the insurance industry, the application of blockchain technology will greatly improve business efficiency and reduce business risks.
❾ Blockchain + Medical Application
Among the many subdivisions of medical care, drug safety and medical information security are a matter of life and death, and they are also the two areas that attract the most public attention. Among them, the exploration of blockchain technology in drug management at home and abroad has achieved many results.
The decentralization, non-tamperability and traceability of blockchain can conveniently solve the cost problems and information integrity problems in the traditional drug management system. “A large number of people are produced every day everywhereFor drug data, just recording these data requires a lot of manpower and material resources. If we want to realize real-time query and access of the data on the basis of timely recording, the server cost required is also astronomical. Centralized data management can generally control the source of drugs, but often cannot control the entire chain.
Blockchain technology is expected to solve problems in the health service system including health education, prevention, health care, diagnosis, treatment, nursing, rehabilitation, health care, etc., covering related medical insurance services, medical and health services, family doctor contract services, and drugs Supply services, medical education and health science popularization services, artificial intelligence application services, smart elderly care services and other related fields. ”
The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is the only approved “Blockchain Technology Major” in the “Smart Learning Workshop 2020- Xueshuo Innovation Workstation” launched by the School Planning and Construction Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China. Pilot workstation. The professional base provides students with diversified growth paths, promotes the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and builds an applied and compound talent training system.
