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区块链的五元辩证观包括?,区块链的五元辩证观包括起源原理本质思辨

发布时间：2023-12-16-10:20:00 来源：网络区块链知识区块

区块链的五元辩证观包括?,区块链的五元辩证观包括起源原理本质思辨

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① What is the relationship between blockchain and digital renminbi

Differences:
1. Blockchain and digital currency complement each other and are inseparable. Blockchain is a digital currency One of the means of circulation.
2. Blockchain is the theoretical basis of digital currency. Digital currency is established on the basis of blockchain technology. Blockchain has certain guarantees for the security of digital currency. At the same time, digital currency is a block chain. The most successful application of chain technology.
Since the concept of "digital renminbi" was proposed, digital renminbi has often been compared to cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum that use blockchain technology. So let’s first figure out what is digital renminbi?
Digital RMB is a legal currency in digital form issued by the People's Bank of China. It is operated by designated operating agencies and redeemed by the public. It is based on a broad account system and supports the loose coupling function of bank accounts. It is compatible with paper Banknotes and coins are equivalent, have value characteristics and legal compensability, and support controllable anonymity.
The concept of digital renminbi has two key points. One is that digital renminbi is a legal currency in digital form; the other is that it is equivalent to banknotes and coins. Digital renminbi is mainly positioned at M0, which is cash and currency in circulation. coin.
But in fact, the digital renminbi only draws on blockchain technology, but as a legal currency, the digital renminbi has centralized characteristics. Executives from major European central banks said that issuing central bank digital currencies does not actually require the use of blockchain technology. The core elements of the digital RMB system framework are "one currency, two databases, and three centers". The technologies used in the use process include NFC and distributed ledger technology.
02 What is blockchain technology?
From a broad perspective, blockchain technology actually uses fast-chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and Access security, a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data.
03 Digital RMB just draws on blockchain technology
Digital RMB has the same characteristics as blockchain technology, such as traceability and non-tamperability. As a legal currency issued by the state, the most important feature of the digital renminbi is the "centralized management model", and one of the core features of the blockchain is "decentralization".
Previously, many countries have issued digital currencies relying on blockchain technology, such as Uruguay, Iran, Senegal, etc., but none of them have become popular.
Executives of major European central banks stated in September 2020: If central banks around the world want to issue digital currencies, they do not actually need to use blockchain technology. Central banks provide central bank digital currencies. "Trust", so after the central bank intervenes, there is no need to use blockchain technology.
In the financial field, blockchain technology is currently used in digital currency, payment and clearing, digital bills and other aspects have received corresponding experimental and small-scale applications.
04 “One coin, two treasury, three centers”
As mentioned earlier, the core elements of the digital RMB system framework are “one currency, two treasury, three centers”. Here we will briefly explain “one coin, two treasury, three centers”. Two warehouses, three centers.” The “one currency” here actually refers to the central bank’s digital currency; the “two databases” refer to the digital currency issuance database (the database that stores the central bank’s digital currency issuance fund) and the digital currency bank database (the database where commercial banks store the central bank’s digital currency); The “three centers” refer to the certification center (responsible for identity information management), registration center (responsible for digital currency ownership registration) and big data issuance center (responsible for analysis of anti-money laundering, payment behavior, etc.).

② Use the relevant knowledge of dialectical materialism to talk about how to draw a bright future for blockchain technology

To create a bright future for blockchain technology, we should insist on using connections Look at problems from a perspective and apply blockchain technology to all aspects of our life, work and study. In addition, we should insist on looking at problems from a development perspective, and adhere to the unity of progress and twists and turns in quantitative and qualitative changes.

③ The philosophical basis of blockchain is

Dialectical materialism and historical materialism

④ How to view the rise of blockchain to national strategy from a dialectical perspective

How to view the rise of blockchain to national strategy from a dialectical perspective

If a new technology is expected to allow China to reform the world level core game rules, then it's just the right time. It just so happens that "blockchain" is exactly the banner we need at this time.

However, the development of blockchain technology still needs time, and its application fields also need to be explored

⑤ Why did someone ask me to learn materialist dialectics

Because it is a high-level way of thinking.

⑥ What is "blockchain"

Blockchain technology is a technology that jointly maintains reliable databases through decentralization and elimination of trust. Four keywords can be used to describe blockchain technology: trust reduction, decentralization, collective maintenance and reliable database.

When we talk about the concept of "blockchain", Bitcoin is definitely a topic that will not be ignored. In recent years, Bitcoin has begun to enter the public eye, especially in 2017, which has continued to skyrocket throughout the year, making many people aware of this emerging thing.

Blockchain is actually the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Bitcoin exists because people on the Internet who don’t know each other can move and trade digital currency through the Bitcoin network. And this is driven by blockchain technology. All Bitcoin transactions are recorded on the blockchain ledger. To a certain extent, in the application of Bitcoin, the blockchain plays the role of the underlying database of the bank transaction system. Both are for "keeping accounts".Although it is not very prudent to refer to the blockchain directly as a "database", for the sake of ease of understanding, let's temporarily call it a decentralized, shared and encrypted database. If described in professional terms, blockchain is a distributed ledger technology.

Blockchain can usually be divided into the following types:

1. Public blockchain. Anyone can access data on a public blockchain, and anyone can issue transactions waiting to be written to the blockchain. Participants in the consensus process (corresponding to miners in Bitcoin at the time) maintain the security of the database through cryptography and built-in economic incentives.

2. Collaborative blockchain. The nodes participating in the blockchain are pre-selected, and there are likely to be good network connections between the nodes. Other consensus algorithms other than proof-of-work can be used on such a blockchain. For example, a blockchain has been established among a hundred financial institutions, and it is stipulated that more than two-thirds of the institutions must agree to reach a consensus. The data on such a blockchain can be either public or shared internally by these node participants.

3. Private blockchain. The participating nodes are only individual users, and the access and use of data are subject to strict permission management. Most of the internally used blockchain technologies announced by some financial institutions recently are vague and may fall into this range.

The blockchain is a public ledger. There is no centralized hardware or management organization. Anyone can automatically verify the authenticity of the ledger and easily discover whether the ledger has been tampered with by others.

In a word, the blockchain is a public ledger that can be verified by everyone.

The concept of being verifiable by everyone is crucial to blockchain.

Bitcoin uses the blockchain to record all transactions, so anyone knows the number of Bitcoins on each account.

So, as a publicly verifiable ledger, what are some use cases for blockchain?

In fact, there are many use cases that can be thought of. Blockchain is suitable for any data that can be recorded on a public ledger. Here are 4 examples:

1. Decentralized domain name server, namely domain currency. The domain name server is actually a ledger that records domain names.

2. Trustless public key encryption, such as https that discards unreliable certification authorities.

3. Ownership records, truthfully record the items and their corresponding owners.

4. Contracts and performance guarantees, the account book truthfully records the parties to the contract and saves the contract text.

But don’t forget that blockchain also has a very important component.

The ledger recorded using blockchain technology will always be updated. New data such as transactions, domain name inputs, records and contracts will be converted into hash values of the same length by the hash algorithm and saved. However, hashing algorithms are not only not free but also very expensive.

Therefore, the ledger itself needs to have a recognition system to recognize the person who enters the block hash value.

In Bitcoin, this system is called mining and is rooted in the Bitcoin protocol. Bitcoin miners use a hash algorithm to convert transactions waiting for verification into hash values, and charge a certain amount of Bitcoin as a service fee.

Therefore, for non-monetary use cases, blockchain needs to find a way to bear the high cost of hashing algorithms.

I would like to remind everyone that my answer mainly focuses on the possible use cases of blockchain technology, and does not cover all aspects of blockchain, such as why hashing algorithms are so expensive. I'm sure you can find a lot of detailed information about Bitcoin and other blockchain applications online.

Supplement

Although blockchain technology has many advantages, there are still some less than ideal use cases. For example, there is no way to convert Bitcoin into any national currency; a ledger with billions of data entries would take up space and be impractical.

Bitcoin has shown the world that blockchain technology is feasible in principle, and people are also trying to solve these increasingly prominent problems, such as technological transformation of Bitcoin or the introduction of a completely Different blockchain technologies. I think the following two methods are worth trying: one is to split the ledger according to certain standards such as the payer address, and the other is to introduce a main blockchain to verify the sub-blockchain. Blockchain technology is ever-changing and dazzling, and it’s unknown whether someone is already making such an attempt. But Bitcoin is still the world's first currency blockchain, what others call a cryptocurrency.

Whether in the technology circle or the financial circle, blockchain has become the hottest word, no one. Blockchain has core advantages such as decentralization and trustlessness, and can perfectly solve problems such as information asymmetry, high transaction costs, and trust of strangers in the development of the sharing economy, making "individual economy" possible. Based on this, blockchain technology is considered to be the core technology that has the greatest potential to trigger the fifth wave of disruptive revolution after steam engines, electricity, information and Internet technology.

In this context, a blockchain craze was born in society, and everyone praised it overwhelmingly. Dialectics tells us that everything has flaws, and only by seeing the pros and cons of things can we make rational decisions. Therefore, in this article, Xue Hongyan (Hong Yanweiyu), a senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute, focuses on pouring some cold water on the blockchain.

| What is Blockchain

Blockchain, English Blockchain, has a rather mysterious technological flavor in its name, and can be simply broken down into "data blocks" and "links".Each data block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a certain period of time, and is encrypted using cryptographic methods; the link means that each block has a link relationship with the next block, thus forming a blockchain.

It is generally believed that blockchain has two major characteristics: decentralization and trustlessness. A brief introduction is as follows:

Since each block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a specific period of time, Therefore, each block is equal, and the damage of a single block does not affect the security of the entire system, so the blockchain has decentralized characteristics.

Similarly, since each block contains all the information of the system, the authenticity of the information can be cross-verified. Only by breaking through more than 51% of the nodes can the information be tampered with. In a large enough blockchain system , the cost is extremely high, it can be considered that the information in the blockchain is true, so the blockchain has the characteristics of trustlessness.

Most people’s understanding of blockchain begins with Bitcoin. The relationship between the two is that blockchain is the underlying technology and concept, and Bitcoin is only the most popular application of blockchain at present. .

Maybe the above is not popular enough. Finally, let me summarize, what do you think the blockchain is? Is it a disruptive new technology? NO! According to Xue Hongyan (Hong Yanweiyu), a senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute, blockchain is not so much a new technology as it is a new ideological concept. The information encryption and other technologies included in the blockchain have been around for a long time, and it is more of a conceptual innovation. This is also the reason why the blockchain has a huge impact. New technologies will be surpassed sooner or later, ranging from one or two years to four to five years; only innovative ideas have enough energy to affect all aspects of the economy and society.

| Blockchain is expected to change the underlying rules of the financial system

In applications in the financial field, blockchain will change the transaction process and record keeping methods, thus significantly reducing transaction costs. It has significantly improved efficiency and is considered to have a broad market environment in digital currency, cross-border payment and clearing, bill trading, securities issuance and trading, property rights transactions, customer credit reporting, anti-fraud, and anti-money laundering.

Such a good technology is naturally sought after by everyone. Like many traditional financial people, Hong Yanweiyu resisted it at first, thinking that this thing was not that great, and did not do any research specifically. Later, as the research on financial technology gradually deepened, it was discovered that blockchain was an obstacle that could not be bypassed, because whether it was robo-advisory, big data risk control or online lending, they were only technological innovations at the financial business level and risk control level. It has not penetrated the bottom layer of the financial system. What is the underlying layer of the financial system? Naturally, it is payment and settlement, transaction rules and system interaction. What the blockchain changes is precisely the underlying rules.

Therefore, throughout the world, financial institutions are the most active in researching blockchain. If nothing else, they are really afraid. After the decentralization and trustless characteristics of the blockchain are fully utilized,What else do we need as intermediaries from financial institutions? It is estimated that this is also the first feeling of many people who have a preliminary understanding of blockchain.

In this article, Hong Yanweiyu focuses on pouring cold water on this view.

| Subverting the financial system, blockchain still faces two mountains

Marxist dialectics tells us that everything has two sides. The more prominent the advantages, the more obvious the flaws. It’s just the perspective. Just different. The two major problems with blockchain subverting the financial system lie precisely in the two major advantages of decentralization and trustlessness.

First, let’s talk about decentralization. First, we need to clarify a truth. Does centralization necessarily mean low efficiency? Of course not. Within a specific scope, the concentration of resources brought about by centralization can greatly improve efficiency. This is also the reason why human beings evolve from individuals to villages to tribes and then to countries in the process of evolution. Take UnionPay as an example. UnionPay is the clearing and settlement center for the domestic banking industry. After UnionPay is established, each bank only needs to connect with UnionPay to realize transactions with all banks. If it is decentralized, without UnionPay, each bank will need to When communicating with all counterparties, which one is more efficient? Therefore, there is no need to beat centralization to death with a stick. The decentralization feature of blockchain is destined to only play a role in specific fields (that is, fields that are not suitable for centralization). How can it subvert everything?

Furthermore, it is a matter of trust. There is nothing wrong with detrusting itself, but the technical logic behind it is deeply flawed. Blockchain relies on universal accounting to achieve trustlessness, that is, all transaction information is retained in each block for system cross-verification to identify authenticity. Here comes the problem. Each block retains all transaction information. There is no problem on a small blockchain. However, as more and more information is added, it will inevitably lead to an explosive growth of transaction information and will also bring information. Dramatic increase in storage costs. At the same time, the greater the amount of information, the longer cross-validation takes and the lower the efficiency. Therefore, the blockchain solves the trust problem, but it brings about rising costs and declining efficiency.

Nothing in the world is perfect, and the same is true for blockchain.

As a conclusion, Hongyanweiyu wants to clarify that blockchain, as a conceptual innovation, does have great value and can also have a disruptive impact in specific fields. However, the current one-sided thinking about blockchain is problematic. Eastern wisdom tells us that "the most brilliant and the golden mean", in the face of anything, it is wisest to maintain the golden mean.

(Text/Xue Hongyan, senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute; WeChat public account: Hongyan Weiyu)

As early as a few years ago, the word "mining" came with Bitcoin is well known for its popularity. Many people know about Bitcoin first and then the blockchain, and they even don’t know about the blockchain yet. By definition, a blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a piece of information about the Bitcoin network.Transaction information is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

I am not a computer technology expert. The following introduction to blockchain comes from reading and comments from expert friends and is for reference only.

If you want to use one word to explain blockchain, it is: distributed accounting.

To understand what this word means, you need to first understand that traditional accounting has a center. For example, in a bank, when you withdraw money from a bank deposit or lend money to others through the bank, the bank is the center. All these transactions are based on the bank's credit. What if the bank cheats? Or is it more serious, is the country cheating? The Kuomintang's indiscriminate issuance of gold yuan coupons at the end of its rule in mainland China, as well as the hyperinflation in Weimar Germany and Zimbabwe, which made the currency less valuable than toilet paper, are very famous examples.

Golden Yuan Coupons

This is the problem that blockchain is aimed at. They believe that decentralized accounting is non-modifiable and non-repudiable. How to achieve decentralized accounting? The basic idea is that all users store all transaction records, and through mathematical methods, it becomes very difficult to illegally modify the ledger. In this way, the reliability of the ledger is guaranteed.

Specifically, all users exhaustively enumerate random number variables, and the first user to obtain a specific required hash function value (Hash) will have the right to record this round of transactions and obtain the corresponding Bitcoins award. It is transmitted in the form of data blocks, and the data blocks are connected into a chain by appending at the end, so it is called a block chain.

After listening to the introduction, you may feel that this idea is interesting, but it is not as exciting or revolutionary as advertised. Your feeling is right. In fact, the basic logic of blockchain has some unavoidable problems.

For example, the current size of the complete Bitcoin public ledger has exceeded 150 G, and is rapidly increasing at a rate of tens of G per year - just to support 5 million users and 30 million transactions per year. If its processing volume is one day comparable to that of Alipay, the size of the Bitcoin ledger will increase by more than 500 terabytes per year. This is equivalent to backing up the Alipay server's storage data on all users' personal computers. Do you think this is a good idea?

For another example, in the traditional banking system, if you lose your password, it is no big deal. Just report it to the system in time, and your wealth will not disappear. But in the blockchain system, if you lose your password, it will be a huge trouble, and your currency will not be recovered. Not happy? Is it surprising?

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is the blockchain systemA mathematical algorithm for establishing trust and obtaining rights and interests between different nodes in the system

In layman’s terms, playing mahjong is like playing mahjong. Four people can take turns to be the dealer, playing tricks on each other. The four people have their own ledger records, but If you want to modify the ledger, you must have more than 50% of the modification rights, so the cost of cheating on the ledger is very high.

In the future, blockchain will be used more in finance to combat money laundering and fraud, because all information can be traced, and in culture it can be used for copyright protection, etc.

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I have seen a lot of people’s explanations of blockchain in official terms, and some may not even be clear to the person explaining it. I will explain blockchain in vernacular below to ensure that everyone can read it. Gotta understand.

What is blockchain? Let me give an analogy. In 50 years, you can buy an electric fan from the supermarket. This electric fan will automatically mine coins for you when it is blowing. You can mine coins automatically while using the electric fan. When you use this electric fan, When the fan breaks down, you can use the mined coins to repair the electric fan. Of course, you can also use the mined coins to buy a new electric fan. Many people think wrongly! Wouldn’t the profits of merchants be less? Let me tell you about a certain brand. When the products of this brand are sold to you, the products themselves may even be sold to you at a loss. However, once the number of users becomes large and the users become more sticky, they can be paid through membership fees or service fees. Such small fees or other ways to make profits. Just like this, the mined coins can be purchased and repaired. Although the merchant's profit may be reduced, the merchant has gained more users and greater user stickiness. By this time, it only takes a minute for the merchant to make money.

And the electric fan you bought is equivalent to winding it up for you. What is winding up? If you put your electric fan on the street now, and 10 people come to snatch it, you have no way to prove that the ownership of this electric fan is yours. Once you put it on the chain, it is equivalent to being tied to you. Once it’s settled, you can prove it.

Therefore, the essence of blockchain is to help make people’s lives more convenient. It is equivalent to upgrading on the basis of the Internet, making it safer and more convenient. This is blockchain! It's that simple.

The security of the blockchain is reflected in its irreversibility and the data cannot be tampered with. We all know that in today's society, any data can be modified and conquered by hackers, but the data in the blockchain cannot be changed. Once generated, it cannot be modified unless all users in the blockchain work together. Agree to modify the data, but this is unlikely to happen.

The current blockchain is still very immature, just like the Internet bubble burst in 2000. When the bubble bursts, truly valuable blockchains will be hatched.Internet company.

The wheel of history will not go backwards. Many people are unwilling to accept blockchain. Just like telling you that you can shop online 20 years ago, this is the same ridiculous thing. Time will eventually prove it. .

1. The main function of blockchain is to store information. Any information that needs to be saved can be written to the blockchain and read from it, so it is a database.

2. Anyone can set up a server, join the blockchain network and become a node. In the world of blockchain, there is no central node. Every node is equal and stores the entire database. You can write/read data to any node, because all nodes will eventually be synchronized to ensure that the blockchain is consistent.

3. Everyone works on the same blockchain, everyone publicly shares the current state of the blockchain, everyone agrees on the rules for new data submission and tampering with the blockchain is prohibited. It is difficult to operate in terms of computing power.

If we assume that the database is a ledger, reading and writing the database is an accounting behavior:

Anyone can verify this public ledger, but there is no single The user can control it. Participants in the blockchain system will jointly maintain the update of the ledger: it can only be modified according to strict rules and consensus, and there is a very exquisite design behind this.

(1) Accounting, the system will find the person with the fastest and best accounting within a period of time, let this person do the accounting, and then broadcast the information on this page of the account book to everyone else on the entire network. node, which is equivalent to changing the database record; (consensus mechanism, cryptography)

(2) Verification, other valid nodes in the entire network check the correctness of the block accounting, and stamp the time Stamp to confirm that the block is legal; (timestamp, mathematics)

(3) Form a single chain, that is, compete for the next block after the previous legal block; (smart contract, encryption technology)

(4) Storage, the account book is stored in blocks. As transactions increase, new data blocks will be appended to the existing chain to form a chain structure; (distributed structure, information technology) < /p>

(5) Backup, every participating trader is a node of the block network, and each node has a complete backup of the public account book, which is a distributed ledger.

Features

1. The blockchain has no administrator and is completely centerless. It is precisely because it cannot be managed that the blockchain cannot be controlled. Without an administrator, everyone can write data into it. In order to ensure the trustworthiness of the data: the technology of blockchain makes it impossible to tamper with the data once it is written.

2. Close to zero trust cost.

The cycle time required for Internet companies to build their credit is extremely long.For example, it often takes several years for Taobao to build credit. In the blockchain, everyone trusts the code, algorithm and rules, so the cost of trust is extremely low.

3. The marginal cost of constructing and trading assets approaches zero.

If traditional assets are to be used for trading, they need to rely heavily on third parties, such as investment banks, banks, securities firms, etc., for packaging and endorsement, and the fees and thresholds are extremely high. With blockchain, these will not be a problem, and the cost is extremely low.

The value transfer attribute of the blockchain also naturally solves the payment problem, and has the genes to support global payments.

Blockchain, simply put, is the underlying technology that supports ICO (virtual currency). The popular Bitcoin is an application of ICO. In other words, the connotation of blockchain is richer, and its main features are:

1. Blockchain is equivalent to digital trust. Both parties to the transaction can independently enter into digital contracts, and companies providing blockchain services are equivalent to Digital trust company;

2. The purpose and characteristics of the blockchain are "3 de-intermediaries" - de-intermediation, de-currency, and de-sovereignty; yes

3. Bitcoin is An application of blockchain, Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, and all blockchains apply digital encryption technology;

4. The "3 Go" feature is targeted at the financial industry, and only when high frequency is required Blockchain is only needed in the financial field of transactions;

5. Large platforms with a user base are more suitable for applying blockchain, and small companies’ participation is of little value, so Zuckerberg’s 2018 New Year’s wish includes To study digital cryptocurrency. Kodak also launched a digital currency, sending its stock price soaring.

Furthermore, when it comes to Bitcoin, it can be cashed out and exchanged into the currencies of most countries. Users can use Bitcoin to purchase some virtual items, and they can also use Bitcoin to purchase real-life items. In this sense, Bitcoin is similar to the world's currency, close to gold.

Peter Thiel, co-founder of PayPal and an early investor in Facebook, believes that Bitcoin is "undervalued" by people and compares it to gold. He said: "If one day Bitcoin becomes the online equivalent of gold, then it will have room for appreciation."

But on January 3, the "People's Daily" published an article saying, "Whether it is from The increase can still be seen from the value of the currency itself. There is a bubble in the price of Bitcoin. This is an issue that needs no discussion." Data show that in the past 2017, Bitcoin has skyrocketed and plummeted: within a year, the price skyrocketed by about 20 times, and in one day It fell more than 40% within the period.

Indeed, Bitcoin has risks. However, blockchain with richer connotations obviously still has greater room for development.

Last night, it was revealed on the Internet that Xu Xiaoping, the founder of ZhenFund, encouraged embracing the blockchain in an internal groupScreenshot of Chain Revolution. In his view, the blockchain revolution has indeed arrived. “I strongly encourage everyone internally to embrace the blockchain revolution and learn blockchain technology. This is my understanding after long-term observation and thinking. I feel the responsibility to tell our entrepreneurs. I don’t want my understanding of blockchain The views have been misunderstood as views on ICO."

However, in the context of the collective entry of Internet companies and investment institutions, the government will definitely take measures.

Recently, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has expressed concerns about this and shelved the proposal of two U.S. companies to launch a Bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF).

In fact, this is only a matter of time. Because the "three-go" feature of blockchain is inherently contradictory to government centralization.

⑦ Analysis of the development path of blockchain technology which is the smooth commercial path

The bright development of blockchain technology has been criticized and praised by major media to this day. , there has been some precipitation. The year 2018 is a hot topic for the application of blockchain. Major companies and start-ups have revealed their own blockchain project news, which has attracted countless attention. There are currently only two blockchain paths in the world.

1. Public chain

Public chain is a decentralized blockchain technology development path. It is mostly used in to C, such as BTC and Ethereum. It is usually Considered a “fully decentralized” blockchain.

The advantages are: 1. Protect users from the influence of developers, absolutely fair and notarized.

2. The access threshold is low and anyone with sufficient technical ability can access.

3. All data is made public by default (participants’ identities are hidden), and their publicity is used to identify and exclude

their own security.

The disadvantages are: 1. The public chain is too "centralized" and is not suitable for commercial-level applications at the current stage, and application expansion is limited.

2. The transaction computing power of the public chain is low (BTC7 transactions/s, ETH40 transactions/s), which cannot match the speed of current commercial transaction volume.

2. Alliance chain

Alliance chain is mainly cooperation between institutions. The nodes between institutions participate in a few transactions, and ordinary users do not participate in a few transactions. The developed applications are mainly for B-end users, and can also be extended to B to C. They are in line with the development and application of commercial-level blockchain technology. Currently, they are in the fields of "blockchain + supply chain finance", "blockchain traceability" and "electronics". It has many applications in “certificate deposit” and has obvious advantages.

Advantages: 1. Not absolutely decentralized, the form of alliance cooperation is more in line with the current commercial-level application of blockchain technology.

2. The participating nodes have high credibility. Participants are all relatively reliable institutions writing into the blockchain nodes, and the application is stable.

3. Transaction processing is efficient, using the consensus algorithm with an average of 20,000 transactions/s and a peak of 100,000 transactions/s, which meets the current market requirements of commercial transactions

.

Through the above comparison, it is not difficult for us to see the differences between the two mainstream approaches to blockchain technology development. Although the public chain meets the requirements of absolute fairness and low-threshold access, some privacy issues need to be redesigned and integrated for the industry. The matching is lacking and the amount of work is huge. At this stage, it is not suitable for practical implementation in commercial applications. A series of advantages of the alliance chain are in line with the requirements of commercial-grade blockchain!

On the issue of how to reasonably develop the alliance chain, the general manager of Wuhan Xianda Blockchain Technology talked about "FBA" The "Federal Byzantine" blockchain technology development model uses multi-node alliance chain consensus certificates to dialectically verify the authenticity of information. The computing power of the consensus algorithm can also efficiently handle a large number of commercial transactions, which can solve commercial price irregularities, certificate traceability, It also has a very good effect on counterfeiting and anti-counterfeiting for complex issues in the transaction process! It is an important path for the development of commercial-grade blockchain technology in the future.

⑧ Why is Ethereum the representative of Blockchain 2.0?

The Blockchain 1.0 era usually refers to the period between 2009 and 2014, represented by Bitcoin. In the development stage of blockchain applications, they were mainly committed to solving the decentralization problem of currency and payment methods; after 2014, developers became more and more focused on solving the technical and scalability deficiencies of Bitcoin. At the end of 2013, Vitalik Buterin released the Ethereum white paper "Ethereum: The Next Generation of Smart Contracts and Decentralized Application Platform", introducing smart contracts to the blockchain, opening up the application of blockchain beyond the currency field, thus opening up the area. Blockchain 2.0 era. (A better digital currency trading platform is in "Bihui")

The so-called smart contract is actually a computer contract that can be automatically executed based on prescribed trigger rules, and can also be regarded as a traditional contract. The digital version was proposed more than 20 years ago by Nick Szabo, an interdisciplinary legal scholar and cryptography researcher. This technology was once not used in actual industries due to the lack of programmable digital systems and related technologies, until the emergence of blockchain technology and Ethereum provided a trusted execution environment.

Compared with Bitcoin, Ethereum is a Turing-complete scripting language that supports developers to create and publish any decentralized applications on the platform. From its birth to the present, the world’s Ethereum-based There are more than 200 decentralized applications.

The chief researcher of BitWindow Blockchain said: The blockchain 2.0 era represented by Ethereum has gradually expanded blockchain technology from the currency and payment fields to the financial field. With the development of technology and the wider application of blockchain, the blockchain 3.0 era that transcends the currency and financial fields will be just around the corner. The article is excerpted from BitWindow, China’s professional blockchain and digital currency industry analysis media, adhering to a neutral, objective and dialectical attitude to gain insight into and interpret the latest trends in blockchain and digital currency.

⑨ What is "blockchain"

Blockchain is a public ledger. There is no centralized hardware or management organization and anyone can Automatically verify the authenticity of the ledger and easily detect whether the ledger has been tampered with by others.