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❶ What are the leading blockchain concept stocks
1.002657 Zhongke Financial
2.300663 Kelan Software
3.002152 Guangdian Express
4.300079 Digital Technology
5.300542 Xinchen Technology
6.600570 Hang Seng Electronics
7.300561 Huijin Technology
8.002063 Yuanguang Software
9.603106 Hengyin Financial
The following blockchain concept stocks may become leading stocks:
1. Blockchain Concept Stock 1: Yijian Shares (600093.SH) Concept Stock Index
The company used to be mainly engaged in supply chain management. In recent years, it has been actively transforming. On the one hand, the company strives to improve the company's supply chain management and business security. management business scale.
On the other hand, with the realization of financial technology transformation as the center and the application of blockchain technology in supply chain finance as the breakthrough point, the whole strategy is fully promoting the development of the "Yijian Block" system. In the first half of 2017 Having successfully completed the development of the “Yijian Block” system 1.0 and achieved commercial use in the fields of medicine and commodities, Yijian is clearly a practitioner of the blockchain concept. 2. Blockchain concept stock 2: Gao Weida
A leading domestic financial information manufacturer, relying on its own advantages in bank IT solutions and bank customer resources to provide bank IT system cloud services.
3. Blockchain Concept Stock 3: Xinchen Technology
The company is currently mainly engaged in application software development business, software and hardware system integration business and professional technical services business. In recent years, Xinchen Technology has been more bold in its attempts at innovation. The company has made certain progress in the application of new technologies such as cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain in the financial industry.
The domestic letter of credit business system based on blockchain technology has been successfully launched in banks and is expected to gradually become a new growth point for the company’s software solutions business.
(1) Extended reading of stocks to blockchain:The leading stock index refers to the influence and appeal on other stocks in the same industry sector during the stock market speculation in a certain period. The rise and fall of a stock often guides and sets an example for the rise and fall of other stocks in the same industry sector.
The leading stock is not static, and its status can often only be maintained for a period of time. The basis for becoming a leading stock is that any information related to a certain stock will be immediately reflected in the stock price.
The conditions for leading stocks:
1. Leading stocks must start from the daily limit. The daily limit is the most accurate attack signal for both long and short parties. A stock that cannot reach the daily limit cannot be a leader.
2. Low-priced stocks are the best leading stocks. Low-priced stocks are sought after by many investors, because it is relatively difficult to speculate on high-priced stocks.
3. The circulation market of leading stocks should be moderate, suitable for large capital operations and retail investors chasing ups and downs.Neither market-cap stocks nor small-cap stocks can serve as leaders.
4. The leading stocks meet the daily KDJ, weekly KDJ, and monthly KDJ at the same time and the low price golden cross.
5. Leading stocks usually go against the trend at the end of a market decline and when the market panics, hit the bottom early, or start before the market, and withstand a round of market decline.
Leading stocks refer to stocks that have influence and appeal on other stocks in the same industry sector during the stock market speculation during a certain period. Its rise and fall often have an impact on the rise and fall of other stocks in the same industry sector. Guidance and demonstration role. Leading stocks are not static, and their status can often only be maintained for a period of time.
Reference materials: Internet-leading stocks❷ Introduction to stocks: What is the concept of blockchain
1. What is blockchain?
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system [1].
2. What is a concept?
Concepts have two basic characteristics, namely the connotation and denotation of the concept. The connotation of a concept refers to the meaning of the concept, that is, the unique attributes of the object reflected by the concept. For example: "Commodity is the product of labor used for exchange." Among them, "labor products used for exchange" is the connotation of the concept "commodity". The extension of a concept refers to the scope of objects reflected by the concept. That is, things or objects that have the attributes reflected by the concept. For example: "Forests include protective forests, timber forests, economic forests, firewood forests, and special-purpose forests." This is an extension of the concept of "forest". There is an inverse relationship between the connotation and denotation of a concept, that is, the more connotation a concept has, the smaller its denotation; and vice versa. A relatively easy-to-understand explanation: The connotation of a concept refers to the meaning of the concept. It has necessary conditions, that is, objective things (objective objects). Among them, there is only one necessary condition and N sufficient conditions. The more conditions there are, the smaller the concept extension. Conditions are functional in nature. For example: a cup must have space to hold it. And it is used to hold liquids such as water and wine. Moreover, it is a vessel type (the defined item cannot be directly or indirectly included in the definition), so the meaning of the concept of cup is: a vessel used to hold liquids such as water, wine, etc. And if you know the sufficient conditions, you can roughly deduce the thing or object it belongs to. Because it must be related to objectively existing things. The functions of concepts also include: judgment, description, attributes, categories, definitions (concept clarity) and other distinctions.
The description of a concept in China is: a concept is avant-garde, novel, trendy, has future trends, has a background and a picture. Concepts have strictly fixed content, but also have a certain degree of ambiguity. Concepts are not real, but imaginary. Use concepts to think and use concepts to show their authenticity. The patterns of consciousness are endless. The more thorough the differentiated images are, the more conducive it is for us to enter a refined and infinite field. Otherwise, we will always regard one thing asOne thing is reduced to another thing.
From a formal perspective: ideas are a higher-level approach, concepts appear in the form of words, and ideas usually appear in the form of a complete sentence. But the form is the same; both use language and symbols as carriers. Therefore, it can be understood that concepts are condensed information and incisive ideas, so concepts are figurative and pictorial, while scientific concepts are systematic. The concept must also be understandable by people interactively, so it is universal and objective.
❸ See how the world’s top ten stock exchanges play with blockchain
Institutions have begun to experiment with this new technology.
DTCC is a U.S. clearinghouse that processes quadrillions of dollars in transactions each year, and Visa, the global credit card processing network, is just some of the best-known non-bank pilot projects. That said, some financial sectors are certainly more active than others.
Major stock and commodity exchanges are arguably the most active institutions involved in blockchain experiments. For example, Nasdaq, a major U.S. stock exchange provider, even released its own blockchain trading model last fall. The program, called Linq, can trade and track private company stocks. Nasdaq is positioning it as an early experiment in blockchain technology to expand the scope of major stock trading and even new asset classes.
Blockchain_stock exchanges
Although there are more differences in subtle areas, the world's 10 major stock and commodity exchanges have currently expressed interest in blockchain technology. In this article, we will give you a detailed introduction:
1. Australian Securities Exchange (ASX)
When it comes to the application of blockchain technology, the ASX is definitely one of them One of the most ambitious companies, it invested more than $10 million in startup Digital Asset Holdings in the industry in January as part of its research and development drive.
At the same time as the investment, the ASX also revealed that it will not only conduct technology trials, but also establish a new post-trade settlement system, which will be developed by Digital Asset through the use of a distributed ledger structure.
However, since January this year, updates on the project’s progress on the ASX may have been overshadowed by controversy. In March, Australian news media began speculating that, although the ASX had reaffirmed its support for the trial, the blockchain project might also be thrown into doubt following the premature resignation of the agency’s chief executive, Elmer Funke Kupper. Voice,.
2. Chicago Mercantile Exchange Group
CME Group is one of the founders of the "Post-Trade Distributed Ledger Working Group" and currently hasCME Ventures has carried out very active actions in the industry.
CME Group is unique among its peers. It has always pursued a diversified investment strategy across industries and has successively invested in distributed accounting startup Ripple, blockchain investment group Digital Currency Group and Digital Asset Holdings. Beyond that, however, CME Group has yet to speak publicly about its conduct in technology and the larger industry.
3.Deutsche B�0�2rse
Deutsche B�0�2rse, the operator of Germany's Frankfurt stock exchange, is another player on this list, and it also participated in the Digital Asset Holdings’ $60 million financing.
However, unlike its co-investor ASX, Deutsche Börse has been less vocal about its support for the technology.
In an interview in February, Deutsche Börse said it was working on a proof-of-concept for the technology, although it has yet to release any findings or test results.
4. Dubai Multi Commodity Trading Center
In the Middle East, blockchain-related activities are relatively scarce, and this situation continued until the recent opening of the Global Blockchain Council. The 32-member Global Blockchain Council is a group of startups, financial firms and tech giants that oversees technology applications and their impact.
Built on the basis of these members, Du Multi Commodities Center is a special economic zone and commodity circulation center responsible for overseeing the trading of precious metals and other tangible commodities.
DMCC announced in February that it was engaging in a technology trial with Bitcoin startup BitOasis to explore how blockchain technology could improve its personnel onboarding process.
5. Japan Exchange Group (JPX)
Japan Exchange Group is a relatively active stock market operator in Asia. It announced its interest in the industry in February and has officially formed an alliance with IBM. Become a user of Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS).
At the time, reports stated that Japan Exchange Group was embarking on a proof of concept to study the role of blockchain technology in creating a new trading system for low-liquid assets, with the final results to be released through a report later this year announced.
Earlier this month, Japan Exchange GroupIt also announced that it is working with the Nomura Research Institute (NRI) on trials to study how the technology can be applied to the securities market.
6. Korea Exchange
Korea Exchange, South Korea’s only stock exchange and one of the new entrants to this list, announced in February that it would seek to launch a counter via blockchain technology trading platform.
In statements to local news outlets, Korea Exchange said it hopes the technology will help reduce costs. Details about the trial and the company's involvement in the group were not released.
7. London Stock Exchange (LSE)
The London Stock Exchange is one of the founding institutions of the “Post-Trade Distributed Ledger Working Group” and when it comes to experiments on blockchain technology, the LSE It is one of the most dynamic but also the most low-key institutions.
The London Stock Exchange is one of the first groups to follow in the footsteps of startup R3, and it is the first to say that large financial firms will look to use collaborative models to conduct blockchain testing, beyond R3’s frame.
It was also from that time that some large financial companies began to participate in private proof-of-concepts and operations in certain areas of the capital market involving various parties.
In addition, like Kouvola Innovation and Japan Exchange Group, the London Stock Exchange is also one of the initial customers of IBM's Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS).
8. Nasdaq
When it comes to testing blockchain technology, Nasdaq is probably the most proactive organization. U.S. stock market operator Nasdaq first launched Linq, a private equity trading platform, in 2015, thus becoming the first financial institution to conduct a blockchain proof-of-concept. The platform is currently still in the testing phase.
In addition, Nasdaq has also reached a cooperation with blockchain solution provider Chain and allows its internal experts to speak openly about blockchain technology.
In 2016, Nasdaq continued this momentum. For example, it previously revealed that it is working with Estonia’s Nasdaq OMX Tallinn Stock Exchange on a trial to use blockchain technology to reduce various obstacles to shareholder voting.
9. New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
The New York Stock Exchange was one of the first companies to take an interest in the industry. In 2015, the NYSE issued two important announcements. The statements are all related to Bitcoin.
In January 2015, NYSE invested in the Bitcoin service company Coinbase and became its Cpart of the round of financing. At the time, NYSE Chairman Jeffrey Sprecher said the investment showed confidence in the widespread use of digital currencies by millennials, whom he described as having a more progressive view of value exchange.
The NYSE will continue to launch a Bitcoin price index in May, which will also become a competitor to CoinDesk’s Bitcoin Price Index (BPI), which is plotted with transaction data from the Coinbase trading platform.
10.TMX Group
TMX Group, the operator of the Toronto Stock Exchange, has never expressed a clear opinion on blockchain technology.
However, with the hiring of Anthony Di Iorio (one of the co-founders of Ethereum) as the agency’s first chief digital technology officer, TMX also publicly expressed its interest in the blockchain for the first time in March this year. Interest in chain technology. The next-generation network has become one of the most important blockchain applications in the public eye following its product launch in March.
Nevertheless, TMX Group has stated that it is in the early stages of generating a blockchain strategy and that it may soon conduct technical tests
❹ How exchanges are hyping blockchain
The crazy hype of the blockchain concept in the A-share market has quickly attracted the attention of regulatory authorities. The Shanghai Stock Exchange stated that "blockchain" technology is still in the development stage and it is difficult to form a stable business, and there are obvious signs of conceptual hype.
On the other hand, some companies are suspected of taking the initiative to "post hot topics" and self-announce that the company's business scope involves blockchain, typical examples are Youjiu Games and Shangying Global. In response, after monitoring the company's relevant remarks, the Shanghai Stock Exchange imposed a morning emergency trading halt on the company's shares and issued a letter of inquiry to the company, requiring the company to explain in detail whether it caters to market hot spots, whether relevant behaviors violate regulations, and to fully warn of risks. Also, check for insider trading. After the two companies responded and resumed trading, one company's stock price fell to its limit, and the other's stock price was close to its limit. It is reported that the Shanghai Stock Exchange will also take disciplinary measures against the company for suspected violations.
❺ What does the BTR behind the stock generally mean?
The BTR behind the stock is a financial service platform and development platform based on blockchain technology, born out of high-performance finance Smart contracts. Individuals and institutions can freely transfer, lend, trade and allocate assets on the platform, issue their own smart currencies, futures varieties, etc., and can also quickly establish centralized, low-cost, high-performance encryption/stocks/precious metals on this platform. Trading currencies, acceptance portals, and asset management platforms. With the help of Invictus, it combines the systems of decentralized global payment systems (such as Alipay), decentralized digital currency exchanges (such as BTC China), and decentralized stock exchanges (such as Nasdaq). BTS is a unit of measurement in the bit system.
It is rare for stocks in my country's A-share market to fall below. Individual stocks have fallen for many consecutive years, falling belowThe issuance price of new shares. The break is usually long and takes many years. Very few A-shares fall below the issue price. Because for many stocks, it is necessary to check which stocks have fallen below the level several years later. It requires multiple calculations to be correct, which is very cumbersome. In the current A-share market, the most common issuance of new shares is secondary issuance. Because many companies issue secondary stocks when the stock price is very high or the market index is high, the price of secondary issuance is very high. When the stock market plummets or continues to suffer, it is easy to fall below the issue price. It is estimated that at least hundreds of stocks have made breakthroughs in the rights issue. When it comes to breakout prices, stock investors need to pay attention to the current market environment and the reasons for the breakout so they can figure out how to respond. The ones that do not go through the general stock price split are new shares, so as long as the prospects of the stock are good, it is generally not a big problem.
❻ How much change can blockchain technology bring to stock trading
The changes are as follows:
1. Blockchain technology can realize automated transaction settlement on exchanges, bypassing Through a third party, it improves transaction speed, reduces costs, and reduces operational risks and human errors.
2. At present, blockchain technology is mainly used for post-trade clearing services and equity transaction management in the over-the-counter market, rather than the mainstream trading market on the market. The reason is that blockchain technology requires a large amount of storage space and a long confirmation time, coupled with the limitation of transaction speed, it is not suitable for centralized on-site transactions.
3. Blockchain is suitable for securities registration because of its confidentiality and immutable characteristics, and can reduce registration time.
4. Blockchain technology is a double-edged sword for exchanges. On the one hand, it helps exchanges reduce operating costs and risks. On the other hand, it also reduces exchanges’ income from clearing (settlement fees decrease , the shortening of the settlement cycle will reduce the interest income of custodian banks and settlement companies). Therefore, for exchanges, after using blockchain, they need to develop new data services to make up for their profits.
Of course, blockchain will also have some positive impacts on traditional industries. Blockchain has already had a positive impact on crowdfunding, banking, and tea collections. Puyin Group launched Puyin, a tea-based digital currency.
❼ How to make money with blockchain and what are its economic prospects
MLM.
❽ What are the leading blockchain stocks?
List of leading blockchain concept stocks:
List One, Runhe Software (stock code 300339): Blockchain Technology has high requirements on the ability of technical talents. Therefore, Runhe Software Company has had many technical talents for many years and is committed to technological innovation and new product research and development, allowing the company to gain market share in the fierce competition and rapid elimination of the market. competitiveness and broad development space.
List 2, Micron Corporation (stock code 688012): Under the influence of the concept of blockchain, Micron Corporation has been aiming at the forefront of world science and technology in recent years, insisting on implementing a three-dimensional development strategy, and in terms of new business achieved huge breakthroughs and progress, so that China Micro's products alsoIt has begun to gain consistent recognition from customers at home and abroad, which is a great advantage for China Microelectronics and provides strong support for the company's sustainable and healthy development.
List 3. Nantian Information (stock code 000948): Nantian Information Company has always insisted on taking "digital services" and "financial technology" as its main business lines to expand, and continues to explore financial technology through its strong business capabilities. There is a potential market in the field, so in 2020, Nantian Information Company used this advantage to achieve operating income of 4.239 billion yuan, an increase of 28.34% over the same period last year.
List 4. Wanda Information (stock code 300168): Wanda Information Company will receive good news in 2021. Its traditional business has expanded and its market share has been greatly increased. Under the premise of this steady development, Wanda Information has rapidly expanded into the field of public health, and the overall business has begun to develop in a good trend. Investors can focus on this stock.
List 5. Jiahua Technology (stock code 688051): In recent years, the concept of the Internet of Things in China has been taken very seriously, and Jiahua Technology Company, as an innovator and leader in the field of the Internet of Things, has its own In the process of development, independent and controllable core technologies and rich application experience have been accumulated.
List 6. Beijing Junzheng (stock code 300223): As of press time, Beijing Junzheng’s stock price has fallen slightly. Currently, Beijing Junzheng Company has begun to increase sales in the automobile market to maintain good market competition. Advantages: After entering 2021, Beijing Junzheng Company's overall operating income has maintained a continuous growth trend, and various tasks in the company's 2021 business plan have been well implemented during the reporting period.
List 7. Zhengyuan Wisdom (stock code 300645): Zhengyuan Wisdom has made it clear in 2021 that it will continue to increase investment in research and development. The main purpose is to accelerate the integration and innovation of its own technology to expand Market share, but it is worth noting that during the reporting period in the first quarter of 2021, Zhengyuan Intelligence Company’s net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was -9.5099 million yuan, a decrease of 60.13% from the same period last year.
❾ What exactly is blockchain
Let’s talk about some basic concepts first.
The network said that blockchain is a new usage model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. It is essentially a decentralized database, and as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by cryptography.
We try to translate "what is blockchain" into "human language".
The definition refers to the "decentralized database" nature of blockchain3354. This is very different from the traditional "centralized database" in storage, update and operation.
A centralized database can be thought of in this shape:
For example, if I want to use Alipay to pay a Taobao seller, all data requests from when I make money to when he receives the money will be processed by Alipay.Paypay centralizes processing. The advantage of this data structure is that as long as Alipay is responsible for the efficient and safe operation of the system, others can unconditionally believe it without worrying; the disadvantage is that if there is a problem with Alipay, such as being hacked, the server being burned, a traitor appearing, and the company running away (Of course, the possibility of the above is extremely low), the balance details and other information in our Alipay will be confused.
Then some people think that this kind of low-probability event can use any technical means to avoid individual risks, and not only hand over the data to a centralized organization. For example, everyone can store and process data.
The database structure may look like this:
This picture is a schematic structural diagram of a "distributed database". Each point is a server, they all have equal rights to record and calculate data, and information is spread point-to-point. At first glance, it seems that it can indeed resist the risk caused by the crash of a certain node, but it is also very confusing and inefficient intuitively. Who will handle my information, and who has the final say on the outcome?
At this time, the "consensus mechanism" in the definition of blockchain comes into play. The consensus mechanism mainly "stipulates" the following things: who will process a data request (what qualifications are required); who will verify the results (to see if he has handled it well); how to prevent processors and verifiers from colluding with each other, etc.
Some people may like to be questioned when a "rule" is made. In order to form a stronger consensus, in addition to making the rules more reasonable, they must also be more attractive so that people are interested and motivated to participate in data processing. This involves the incentive mechanism of the public chain. We will start again later when we discuss the classification of blockchain and the role of digital currencies.
When we hand over a transaction to a distributed network, there is also a "psychological threshold": there are so many nodes that can process information, and I don't know any of them (unlike Alipay, if it hurts me, I can go and file a lawsuit against it). They all have my data, why should I trust them?
At this time, encryption algorithm (the last descriptive word in the definition of blockchain) comes on stage.
In the blockchain network, the data requests we send will be encrypted according to cryptographic principles into a string of characters that the recipient cannot understand at all. Behind this encryption method is the support of a hash algorithm.
Hash algorithms can quickly convert any type of data into hash values. This change is one-way irreversible, deterministic, random, and anti-collision. Because of these characteristics, the person handling my data request could record the information for me, but they had no idea who I was or what I was doing.
So far, the working principle of the decentralized network has been introduced. But we seem to have overlooked one detail. The previous diagram is a net. Where are the pulleys and chains? Why do we call it blockchain?
To understand this matter, we need to clarify a few knowledge points first:
The previous picture is actually a "macro" database perspective, showing the basic rules and processes of the blockchain system for processing information. . When it comes to the "micro" data log level, we will find that the ledger is packaged, compressed, stored in blocks, and stored in chronological order.Strung together to form a "chain structure", like this:
Each ring in the picture can be regarded as a building block, and many links are linked together to form a blockchain. Blocks store data, unlike ordinary data storage: on a blockchain, the data in a later block contains the data in the previous block.
In order to academically explain the fields of each part of the data in the block, we tried to use a book metaphor to describe what a blockchain data structure is.
Usually, when we read a book, we read the first page, then the second and third pages. The spine is a physical existence that fixes the order of each page. Even if the book is scattered, the order of each numbered page can be determined.
Inside the blockchain, each block is labeled with a page number, the second page contains the first page's content, the third page's content contains the first and second page's content. The tenth page contains the previous Nine pages of content.
It is such a nested chain that can be traced back to the original data.
This brings up an important attribute of blockchain: traceability.
When the data in the blockchain needs to be updated, that is when new blocks are generated in sequence, the "consensus algorithm" comes into play again. This algorithm stipulates that a new block can only be formed if it is recognized by more than 51% of the nodes in the entire network. To put it bluntly, it is a matter of voting, and it can be elected if more than half of the people agree. This makes the data on the blockchain difficult to tamper with. If I were to force a change, there would be too many people to bribe and the cost would be too high to be worth it.
This is what people often call the "non-tamperable" feature of blockchain.
Another reason why blockchain gives people a sense of trust is because of "smart contracts."
Smart contracts are commitment agreements defined and automatically executed by computer programs. It is a set of transaction rules executed by code, similar to the current automatic repayment function of credit cards. If you turn on this function, you don’t have to worry about anything. The bank will automatically deduct the money you owe when it is due.
When your friend borrows money from you but doesn't remember to pay it back, or makes excuses not to pay it back, smart contracts can prevent breach of contract. Once the terms in the contract are triggered, such as when it is time to repay the money, or there is a limit in his account, the code will automatically execute, and the money he owes you will be automatically transferred back whether he wants it or not.
Let’s briefly summarize. Blockchain technology is mainly decentralized, difficult to tamper with, and traceable, which represents more security and trustlessness. But it also brings new problems: redundancy and inefficiency, which requires many nodes to agree with the rules and actively participate.
This concludes the "drying" section. Next, let’s talk about unofficial history and the official history of blockchain.
A new technology is often used to serve a certain task.
Or goals. So where was blockchain first used, and who came up with it first?
Let’s go back to 2008.
On September 21, Wall Street investment banks collapsed one after another. The Federal Reserve announced that it would convert the only two remaining investment banks (Goldman Sachs Group and Morgan Stanley) into commercial banks; it hoped to survive the financial crisis by absorbing savings. On October 3, the Bush administration signed a $700 billion financial rescue package.
2Eight days later, on November 1, 2008, a new post appeared in a cryptography mailing group: "I am developing a new electronic currency system that is completely peer-to-peer and does not require a third-party trust agency. ." The text of the post is a paper titled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", signed by Satoshi Nakamoto.
The paper explains the design of this peer-to-peer electronic cash system with a more rigorous logic. It first discusses the problem that financial institutions are subject to "trust based" (based on credit), and then explains step by step how to achieve "no third-party agency" , and cleverly solved the technical problems left by the predecessors.
Two months later, Satoshi Nakamoto released the first version of the open source Bitcoin client and mined 50 Bitcoins for the first time. The block that generated the first batch of Bitcoins is called the "Genesis block". The genesis block was compiled into block 0 and was not uploaded to the chain. It took Satoshi Nakamoto 6 days to mine this block. This also sparked discussion in the bitcointalk forum. Bitcoin "believers" thought of the Bible, "God created the heavens and the earth in six days, and then rested on the seventh day."
Although concepts such as decentralized, token, and economy did not appear in the paper, Satoshi Nakamoto explained in detail the role of blocks and chains in the network. working principle. So, there is Block Chain.
This paper later became the "Bible" of the "Bit Cult", technology became the cornerstone of faith, and developer documentation became the "Code of Hammurabi".
After that, Bitcoin realized the first real-life payment by exchanging pizza, WikiLeaks, whose account was blocked by the US government, miraculously survived by relying on Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto's "decentralization" and retirement, and the appearance of the real and the fake A series of legends such as and refutation of rumors, combined with the expectations, imagination and speculation of later generations, became "Bible stories".
There are also people who are not satisfied with the world described in the "Old Testament" and start new sects, write the doctrines into white papers, and tell the story of their faith in the ten years after Bitcoin. Just like the writing of the 66 books of the Bible spanned 1,500 years, and after 2,000 years of interpretation, Christianity has divided into 33,000 branches.
CoinMarketCap shows that there are more than 4,900 types of digital currencies, and the overall digital currency market size is nearly 140 million yuan. Bitcoin still leads the entire digital currency market with a market share of 66%, and the recent price has been hovering around US$7,200 per coin.
So many currencies have different functions and are divided into different categories: digital currencies represented by Bitcoin are positioned as "digital gold" and have certain value storage and hedging characteristics; Ethereum The digital currency represented by"Fuel"; Stablecoins represented by USDT and Libra have good payment properties due to their low volatility; central banks represented by DCEP issue digital currencies, which to a certain extent replace M0, allowing commercial institutions and ordinary people to live without cash. When the Internet is disconnected, collection and payment will not be delayed.
It can be seen that after 10 years of development of blockchain technology, the first and “biggest” application is digital currency.
Digital currency has also become a way for participants to maintain public security. The attractive rewards of the chain.
So besides digital currencies, where else can blockchain technology be used?
Let us recall what the essence of blockchain is—a decentralized database. , and some corresponding characteristics: traceability, openness, anonymity, and tamper-proof. In theory, traditional scenarios where centralized databases are used can be modified with blockchain to see if it is suitable.
Next, let’s talk about several industries and scenarios where blockchain has been successfully implemented:
Blockchain can prove the existence of a certain file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamp, which can provide judicial authentication and identity certification. , property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting traceability, etc. provide perfect solutions
In the field of anti-counterfeiting traceability, blockchain technology can be widely used in food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, luxury goods and other fields through supply chain tracking.
Give two examples.
Blockchain can allow government data to be run and greatly streamline service processes
The distributed technology of blockchain can allow government departments to concentrate on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts. As long as people pass identity authentication and electronic signature in one department, the smart contract can be automatically processed and transferred, and all subsequent approvals and signatures can be completed in sequence.
Blockchain invoices are the earliest use of domestic blockchain technology. Taxation The department launched the blockchain electronic invoice "Tax Chain" platform. The tax department, the issuer, and the payee join the "Tax Chain" network through unique digital identities, truly realizing "instant invoicing for transactions" and "instant reimbursement after invoicing" - in seconds. Invoicing and minute-level reimbursement entry significantly reduce tax collection and management costs, and effectively solve problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one vote, tax evasion and tax evasion.
Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Using blockchain technology Features such as openness, transparency, traceability, and non-tampering enable the transparent use, precise allocation and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.
Also give two examples.
The eID network identity operation agency guided by the Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security We are jointly developing a "digital identity chain" with Gongyilian, which uses citizen identity numbers as the root and is issued to Chinese citizens based on cryptographic algorithms. Since it was put into operation, the eID digital identity system has served the full life cycle management of 100 million eIDs, effectively It alleviates the problems of personal identity information being misused and abused and privacy leaked.
Odaily Planet Daily compiled 5 identity chain projects registered with the Cyberspace Administration of China
Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes
Payment and settlement On the other hand, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, multiple market participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time.Payment, clearing, and settlement tasks that now take two or three days can be completed within minutes, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and safe. Regulators can easily track on-chain transactions and quickly locate high-risk capital flows.
In terms of securities issuance transactions, the traditional stock issuance process is long, costly and complex. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish a fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channel. The issuer can handle the issuance on its own through smart contracts. , regulatory authorities conduct unified review and verification, and investors can also bypass intermediaries for direct operations.
In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish a consortium chain network covering core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. The core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers to their suppliers. After the bills are digitized and uploaded to the chain, they can be uploaded to the supplier Transfer between them, each level of supplier can realize the corresponding amount of financing with the digital bill certificate.
Give me an example.
The China Enterprise Cloud Chain, jointly launched by ICBC, Postal Savings Bank of China, 11 central enterprises, etc., has covered 48,000 companies since its establishment in 2017, with the amount of rights confirmed on the chain reaching 100 billion yuan, and factoring financing of 57 billion yuan. , cumulative transactions reached 300 billion yuan. After receiving the loan application, financial institutions can verify the authenticity of the contract on the chain and whether the contract has been verified multiple times (multiple loans); the smart contract automatically clears and settles, reducing costs and increasing efficiency; at the same time, the accounts payable of core enterprises can have The corresponding vouchers will be split by the first-level suppliers and handed over to the second- and third-level suppliers in the chain to help them with financing; core enterprises can also use this to understand whether the entire chain is operating normally and avoid emergencies. Redemption pressure.
Blockchain technology will greatly optimize the existing use of big data and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing
The aforementioned areas are areas that we are relatively familiar with. As more new technologies develop, blockchain may be able to be combined with them and play a role in unexpected cross-fields and new scenarios that are currently unforeseen.
In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will generate massive amounts of data. The existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges. Edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for the use of all data such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence.
Finally, blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculations while protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data islands" and realize the value of data circulation.
In view of the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and use needs of general commercial users, many traditionalUnified cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("Blockchain as a Service") solutions. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce enterprise blockchain deployment costs and promote the implementation of blockchain usage scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also play an important role in many fields such as charity, insurance, energy, logistics, and the Internet of Things.
During this trial process from traditional technology to blockchain, we found that when certain scenarios have stronger demands for traceability, tamper-proofing, and decentralization, they also have problems with the weaknesses of blockchain (such as performance). , the requirements are not high, and this field is quite suitable for combining blockchain.
At the same time, in the process of blockchain evolution, it has also developed from a highly decentralized public chain accessible to everyone to a consortium chain with different permissions and maintained by multiple centers. Balances the advantages and disadvantages of the two systems.
Typical examples of alliance chains include: FISCO BCOS jointly developed by WeBank and the Golden Alliance Open Source Working Group, Fabric, a major contribution from IBM, and Ant Alliance Chain led by Ant Blockchain, etc.
These trustless systems represent more secure data authentication and storage mechanisms, where data is effectively authenticated and protected. Businesses or individuals can exchange or enter into contracts digitally, where these contracts are embedded in code and stored in transparent, shared databases where they cannot be deleted, tampered with, or revised.
It is boldly predicted that in the future, contracts, audits, tasks, and payments will all be digitized with unique and secure signatures. Digital signatures will be permanently identified, authenticated, legalized, and stored, and cannot be tampered with. There is no need for an intermediary to guarantee each of your transactions. You can conduct transactions without knowing the basic information of the other party. While improving information security, it effectively reduces transaction costs and improves transaction efficiency.
Generally speaking, there has been a lot of progress in the implementation of blockchain compared to two years ago.
Many improvements are at the bottom of the system, and users cannot directly see that blockchain is used, but they have actually benefited from it; some applications are still in pilot mode, and users have not yet been able to experience it. In the future, blockchain is expected to be used on a large scale and become one of the Internet infrastructure.
I hope that after reading this, you have a general understanding of what blockchain is and what blockchain can do.
Related Q&A: What is blockchain
Blockchain is actually equivalent to a disintermediated database, which is composed of a series of data blocks. Each of its data blocks contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information and generate the next block.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgeable. distributed ledger.
In a broad sense, blockchain is actually a distributed infrastructure and computing method, which is used to ensure the security of data transmission and access.
Blockchain infrastructure:
Blockchain is composed ofIt consists of six infrastructures: data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and usage layer.
❿ How does blockchain technology change stock trading
In traditional equity and other asset management and securities fields, the process takes a long time in the cycle, which will lead to an increase in intermediate business costs and transaction fees. Information falsification and leakage are prone to risks, and it is hosted by different intermediaries, which increases the transaction cost of assets and brings about the problem of credential forgery. This in turn leads to shady transactions due to judicial insecurity and regulatory loopholes. Utilize blockchain to upgrade securities transactions to automatic execution of smart contracts. Based on its characteristics, namely point-to-point transaction transmission, it saves intermediate processes and links, reduces costs and losses, and makes transaction information private and secure. It can change the transaction efficiency of the stock market and realize information privacy and security; however, for smart transactions based on blockchain to operate normally, they must comply with the legal regulatory framework, and corresponding laws and regulations need to be issued from the regulatory level.
