油气管网概念股,油气管道概念股

Ⅰ Is Smart Earth NAT a real blockchain?

Smart Earth NAT is decentralized and Smart Earth NAT is a real blockchain.

Smart Earth is divided into three elements, namely "3I": IoT, interconnection, and intelligence. It refers to the full application of the new generation of IT and Internet technologies to all walks of life and the embedding of sensors. , equipped with hospitals, power grids, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, water supply systems, dams, and oil and gas pipelines around the world.

The Smart Earth forms the Internet of Things through the Internet; and then uses supercomputers and cloud computing to enable humans to work and live in a more refined and dynamic way, thus improving the level of intelligence around the world. Ultimately, it is Internet + Things Internet = smart planet. It is a shared database, and the data or information stored in it is the core feature of the blockchain.

(1) Extended reading on oil and gas pipeline blockchain:

The essence of blockchain:

Technology From a perspective, blockchain involves many scientific and technical issues such as mathematics, cryptography, Internet and computer programming. From an application perspective, simply put, blockchain is a distributed shared ledger and database, which has the characteristics of decentralization, non-tampering, full traceability, traceability, collective maintenance, openness and transparency.

These characteristics ensure the "honesty" and "transparency" of the blockchain and lay the foundation for the blockchain to create trust. The rich application scenarios of blockchain are basically based on the ability of blockchain to solve the problem of information asymmetry and achieve collaborative trust and consistent action among multiple subjects.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin.

It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related data using cryptographic methods. Each data block generated contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

II What is the concept of the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IOT for short) refers to the use of various information sensors, radio frequency identification technology, global positioning systems, infrared sensing Various devices and technologies such as scanners and laser scanners can collect any objects or processes that need to be monitored, connected, and interacted with in real time, and collect various required information such as sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, biology, and location. Through various possible network accesses, ubiquitous connections between things and things and people can be realized, and intelligent perception, identification and management of objects and processes can be realized. The Internet of Things is an information carrier based on the Internet, traditional telecommunications networks, etc., which allows all ordinary physical objects that can be independently addressed to form an interconnected network.
IoTIoT (Internet of things) is the "Internet of things connected". It is an extension and expansion of the Internet based on the Internet. It combines various information sensing devices with the Internet to form a huge network, which can realize anytime and anywhere. The interconnection of people, machines and things anywhere [2].
The Internet of Things is an important part of the new generation of information technology. The IT industry is also called: pan-internet, which means that things are connected and everything is connected. Therefore, "the Internet of Things is the Internet where things are connected." This has two meanings: first, the core and foundation of the Internet of Things is still the Internet, which is an extension and expansion of the network based on the Internet; second, its user end extends and expands to any item and carries information between items. exchange and communication. Therefore, the definition of the Internet of Things is to connect any item to the Internet through radio frequency identification, infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners and other information sensing equipment according to the agreed protocol, so as to exchange information and communicate with each other. A network for intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management of items.
The basic characteristics of the Internet of Things From the perspective of communication objects and processes, the information interaction between things and people and things is the core of the Internet of Things. The basic characteristics of the Internet of Things can be summarized as overall perception, reliable transmission and intelligent processing [5].
Overall perception - Radio frequency identification, QR codes, smart sensors and other sensing devices can be used to perceive and obtain various types of information about objects.
Reliable transmission—Through the integration of the Internet and wireless networks, object information is transmitted in real time and accurately to facilitate information exchange and sharing.
Intelligent processing - using various intelligent technologies to analyze and process the data and information sensed and transmitted to achieve intelligent monitoring and control. Based on the above characteristics of the Internet of Things, combined with the perspective of information science, and focusing on the flow process of information, the information processing functions of the Internet of Things can be summarized:
(1) The function of obtaining information. It is mainly the perception and identification of information. The perception of information refers to the perception and sensitivity of the attribute state of things and the way they change; the identification of information refers to the ability to express the felt state of things in a certain way. (2) The function of transmitting information. It is mainly the process of information sending, transmission, reception, etc., and finally the task of transmitting the acquired state of things information and the way it changes from one point in time (or space) to another point. This is what is often referred to as the communication process. (3) The function of processing information. It refers to the process of information processing, using existing information or perceived information to generate new information, which is actually the process of making decisions. (4) Function of effect information. It refers to the process in which information finally comes into play. It has many forms of expression. The more important thing is to always keep the object in a pre-designed state by adjusting the state of the object and its transformation method
I hope I can help you clear up your doubts.

Ⅲ What impact will the gradual cancellation of construction enterprise qualifications have on who will benefit?

Qualifications are the "ticket" for the construction market, without performanceThere is no qualification, and without qualification there is no way to achieve results!

After the reform, the existing 593 enterprise qualification categories and levels will be reduced to 245, of which survey qualifications will be reduced from 26 to 7, and design qualifications will be reduced from 395 There are 156 items, construction qualifications have been reduced from 138 to 61, and supervision qualifications have been reduced from 34 to 21, with a reduction rate of 59%.

After the reform, 10 categories of special construction qualifications, including housing construction, highways, railways, ports and waterways, water conservancy and hydropower, electric power, mining, smelting, petrochemical industry, and municipal administration, were integrated into comprehensive qualifications , can undertake the general contracting business of construction at all levels in various industries, greatly broadening the scope of the enterprise's contracting business, and opening up all horizontally. As long as the enterprise has credibility and ability, it can undertake tasks across industries.

At the same time, the qualification renewal acceptance work is suspended

The "Notice on Matters Concerning the Renewal of Qualifications of Construction Engineering Enterprises" will extend the qualifications of construction engineering enterprises until December 31, 2021. Starting from July 2020, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development will no longer accept applications for qualification renewal for engineering survey, engineering design, construction industry enterprises, and engineering supervision enterprises whose qualification certificates are valid from July 1, 2020 to December 30, 2021.

The release of this signal reminds me that a few years ago, the real estate industry's mergers and acquisitions business continued to grow for several years. After that, many small and medium-sized real estate companies disappeared, and industry giants and the top 500 real estate companies almost monopolized various industries. Real estate development projects in first and second tier cities.

With the deepening of qualification reform, it is becoming increasingly difficult for small and medium-sized construction companies to develop. According to relevant data, the number of private construction companies accounts for more than 80% of China’s construction companies, of which only about 1/3 have Qualifications

Where do small and medium-sized construction companies go? Where to go?

Qualification reform will usher in a new pattern in the construction market

1. General contracting will be vigorously promoted

The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development’s "Thirteenth Construction Industry Development" It is mentioned in the "Five-Year Plan" that during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the industrial structure of the construction industry will undergo major adjustments! Promote large-scale enterprises to become better and stronger, and form a group of leading enterprises with integrated development and construction, full-process engineering consulting services, and general engineering contracting as their main business entities and leading technology management.

2. The large-scale construction industry is gradually taking shape

The emergence of comprehensive qualifications has opened up the construction industry horizontally through housing construction, municipal administration, highways, water conservancy, communications, aviation and railways, etc. Various construction fields provide opportunities for the eventual formation of the "big construction industry".

This is a heavy blow to companies that rely on charging management fees to make huge profits. This has brought new changes to the development pattern of the construction industry.

3. The competition in the industry has become more intense

Companies with Level 3 qualifications currently have more room for development and will have the opportunity to compete with enterprises with Level 2 qualifications; Enterprises with first-level qualifications are not satisfied with the status quo, and will move towards a higher level by improving their technical strength, reform and innovation.Step forward. Therefore, the qualification reform will force small and medium-sized enterprises to accelerate the pace of transformation and development.

4. Foreign project contracting will achieve growth

The goal requirement of the planning outline during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period is: the average annual growth in the foreign project contracting turnover of national construction enterprises 6%.

Therefore, we should increase market development efforts and fully seize the strategic opportunities of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative to leverage our country’s construction enterprises in the construction of high-speed railways, highways, electric power, ports, airports, long-distance oil and gas pipelines, high-rise buildings and other projects. We will accelerate the pace of "going out" of the construction industry and related industries, encourage cooperation between central enterprises and local enterprises, and cooperation between large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises to jointly develop international markets in an orderly manner.

How should small and medium-sized enterprises respond?

1. Small and medium-sized enterprises should stick together for warmth, cooperate closely, innovate in technology and business formats, and specialize in professional segmentation. After the qualification reform, it has become increasingly difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to independently undertake general contracting projects. Therefore, only by clarifying the direction and division of labor and specializing in the field can they have their own competitiveness.

2. Small and medium-sized enterprises should use the "Internet +" model to integrate resources, connect supply and demand, and reduce costs.

3. Continuously improve the qualification scale and market competitiveness of enterprises. While ensuring the completion of construction tasks, enterprises must manage projects in a refined manner, improve the profitability of the enterprise, and expand the scale of the enterprise.

4. Mixed reform of state-owned and private enterprises

Some companies that have difficulty breaking through bottlenecks in development will fully embark on the road to mixed reform in the next three to five years. . Through mixed reform, we can achieve transformation and upgrading goals such as strong alliances, complementary advantages, filling in shortcomings, resource sharing, teaming up for warmth, and stimulating vitality.

5. Enterprise separation to achieve qualification separation

Special qualification enterprises should consider "enterprise credit ability" and "enterprise key management personnel and professional and technical personnel requirements" Whether the three aspects of "scientific and technological progress level" are up to standard, and at the same time, enterprises with special qualifications should also focus on the current corporate project contracting and management issues when splitting up.

Looking at the general direction of the development of the construction industry in the next five years from the perspective of qualification reform

In July 2020, 13 departments including the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the National Development and Reform Commission jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Coordinated Development of Intelligent Construction and Construction Industrialization", proposing:

"Vigorously develop construction Industrialization is the carrier and digitalization and intelligent upgrading are the driving force to innovate and break through relevant core technologies, increase the application of intelligent construction in all aspects of engineering construction, and form an integration of the entire industry chain covering scientific research, design, production and processing, construction and assembly, and operation. Intelligent construction of industrial systems improves project quality, safety, efficiency and quality, effectively stimulates domestic demand and cultivates new growth points for the national economy."

1. Development goals:

By 2025, form a group of leading intelligent construction enterprises to lead and drive the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises towards intelligent construction.Ability to transform and upgrade construction and create an upgraded version of "Made in China".

By 2035, my country will make significant progress in the coordinated development of intelligent construction and construction industrialization, the innovation capabilities of enterprises will be greatly improved, the overall advantages of the industry will be significantly enhanced, the core competitiveness of "China Construction" will lead the world, and construction industrialization will be fully realized. Entering the ranks of world powers in intelligent construction.

2. Accelerate the cultivation of general engineering contracting enterprises with intelligent construction system solution capabilities.

An open industrial system with general engineering contracting enterprises as the core and in-depth participation of relevant leading enterprises will be formed.

All localities should further tilt existing various industrial support policies towards the field of intelligent construction, and increase support for research on key technologies for intelligent construction, development of basic software and hardware, development of intelligent systems and equipment, and project application demonstrations. intensity.

3. Accelerate the upgrading of construction industrialization.

Vigorously develop prefabricated buildings and promote the establishment of a professional, large-scale, and information-based production system based on standard components.

Increase the integration and innovative application of new technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), the Internet, the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, mobile communications, artificial intelligence, and blockchain throughout the entire construction process.

Improve the performance and efficiency of various construction machinery and tools, and improve the degree of mechanized construction.

Accelerate the creation of an Internet platform for the construction industry, and promote the application of intelligent manufacturing production lines for steel structure components and intelligent production lines for precast concrete components.

4. Improve the level of informatization.

Accelerate the digital and intelligent upgrading of parts and components production, promote the application of digital technology, system integration technology, intelligent equipment and construction robots, and realize factories with few or even no people.

Focus on the key process links of factory production such as steel bar production and installation, mold installation and disassembly, concrete pouring, steel component blanking and welding, partition panels and integrated kitchen and bathroom processing, and promote the digitalization of process processes and the application of construction robots .

Promote the application of integrated construction equipment such as construction robots and intelligent control building machines in on-site construction links such as material distribution, steel bar processing, spraying, laying floor tiles, installation of partition boards, and high-altitude welding.

Create "machine-replacement" application scenarios in prefabricated construction factories and promote the establishment of intelligent construction bases.

In fact, not only the construction industry, but also all walks of life are now taking the road of digitalization and intelligence. This is the general trend of future development and also the mainstream. The construction industry is one of the pillar industries in China. , will also develop in this direction, but this is only one of them. The future development of the construction industry will mainly focus on these keywords: pillar industries, transformation and upgrading, stimulating domestic demand, prefabricated, intelligent equipment, machines Generations, intelligent control building machines, the entire industry chain, general engineering contracting companies, CIM, these 10 keywords clearly indicate that the general direction of the domestic construction industry in at least the next five years will be infinitely closer to these aspects and practice.

This time the capital of the construction industryThe qualitative reform has put forward new requirements for both large, medium and small enterprises in the construction industry, as well as the relevant construction industry management departments, but it has also brought great convenience. Construction companies should prepare responses in advance and take this qualification reform as an opportunity to strive for better development in the future.

IV Technology changes the world, and the future is an era of technology

Hello everyone, although I have used it countless times since elementary school, but every time it comes to this time point, again I can't help but blurt out, who keeps the wheels of history rolling forward? As passengers, and more importantly as witnesses of history, we can be at such a time. Taking stock and summarizing, in fact, it is quite good. It can not only lament the rapid changes of the times, but also get a glimpse of the future from the present. With the last week left in 2018, I am here to follow suit and take stock of the bigger picture. theme, I boldly take stock of the 20186 big technology keywords in my mind.

The first one, and I think it should be the least controversial, is artificial intelligence. In fact, I have roughly searched the annual reports of several major technology media in the past few years. On the keyword list, it seems that starting from the iconic event of Ago's victory over Lee Sedol in 2016, artificial intelligence has firmly dominated the list every year since then. However, in comparison, this year it really has Name one thing related to artificial intelligence. It seems a little difficult to get representative breaking news, maybe because everyone has gradually adapted to a new era of AI plus everything, but is there really no breakthrough in artificial intelligence this year? In fact, it is not the case. It can be said that there are still many bright spots. I remember that in January, CCTV's documentary "Innovating China" was launched. This incident really shocked me, mainly because of this step. The dubbing of the documentary is a familiar but incredible voice, because he used the voice of the famous announcer and voice actor Li Yi who passed away in 2013. Although AI voice broadcasting seems to have long been a thing of the past. It's not new, but this time the artificial intelligence simulated Li Yi's dubbing can be said to be full of emotion and emotion, and most of the stops and accents are very accurate.

At that time, I actually discussed it with experts in artificial intelligence. Their view was that on the one hand, Li Yi left a large amount of sound material for machine learning during his lifetime; On the one hand, voice-related artificial intelligence technology has progressed very quickly in the past two years. What surprised me even more was the AI ​​synthetic anchor shown by Xinhua News Agency in November. He extracted news reports from real anchors. video. The characteristics of voice, lip shape, expression, movement, etc. are synthesized using speech, lip shape, expression, and joint modeling training through deep learning and other technologies. Although it seems now, he still has a lot, It feels a bit weird and unnatural, but if you think about the iteration and progress of similar technologies in the past few years, it’s almostYou can make such a judgment directly, if you and I are considered peers. All you do is convert text into sounds, so except for the top few, most positions in this industry may directly face the risk of being replaced by AI, that is, in the industrial field of artificial intelligence It also shows increasingly powerful capabilities. From the perspective of data collection, a gas turbine can generate 25GB of data per day, and a smart grid platform can generate 30g of data per day.

A traffic management system can generate up to six tons of data every day. You must know that data in the industrial field is actually very complex. Most companies that get this data often make some equipment. Operation monitoring, however, many companies have gone a step further and mined value from the perspective of data analysis, such as using big data analysis to achieve predictive maintenance. Siemens helped 26 cracks build a high-speed rail from Madrid to Barcelona. . The punctuality rate has been increased to 99.9%. Such a high punctuality rate allows high-speed rail operating companies to provide customers with a unique late refund policy. If the train is delayed for 15 minutes or more, passengers can get a full refund. This was almost unimaginable in the past. To a certain extent, what Siemens is doing is actually making progress in the industrial field. In fields such as energy manufacturing and transportation, Siemens has artificial intelligence solutions. With the support of the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology and Suzhou Industrial Park, Siemens' work is being carried out, covering predictive maintenance, diagnosis of CNC machine tools and production of CNC machine tools. To optimize big data analysis of CNC machine tools in these three aspects, of course, there will be more and more attention paid to AI in 2018.

But love tt, it’s a matter of industry and media. Oncologists are lamenting that AI is making great strides in the field of medical imaging. Biologists are shocked that deep trade is predicting In the task of solving the three-dimensional structure of proteins, it defeated human elites, sports enthusiasts, and onlookers with a crushing advantage. The Boston Dynamics robot idea showed its parkour and dexterity. Industrial workers marveled at the intelligence of the Siemens Amberg factory. and efficient. Taxi drivers are worried about driverless driving, which is developing rapidly. Even restaurant and hotel waiters are concerned about driverless restaurants. With the opening of driverless hotels to welcome guests, it seems that all walks of life are beginning to realize that this technology that once only appeared in The era of artificial intelligence in science fiction is rushing forward, and changes are already happening now, no matter whether we are really ready or not. In May, my World Artificial Intelligence Conference was held in Shanghai. What impressed me most was not the so-called black technologies displayed at the scene, but the phrase artificial intelligence empowerment, the theme of the conference in the new era, empowerment. In my opinion, the word "energy" is used very well. In the foreseeable future, this kind of negative energy may be everywhere, and all walks of life will inevitably be penetrated, changed, and reshaped. It's pandering.

After the pain is over, artificial intelligence will inevitably disappear from the attention of ordinary people like the Internet and computer technology back then. By that time, we will not marvel at its magic, but will regard it as A basic but indispensable tool, used to liberate our brain power, or to use it to allow our own intelligence to run more freely. Well, at the end of 2017, Bitcoin was once speculated to a sky-high price, and then at the beginning of 2018, there was a concept that even overshadowed artificial intelligence. I guess you are also impressed, and that is the block Chain, until now I can still recall that famous saying in my ears. If you miss the Internet, will you still miss the blockchain? What kind of blockchain is raising chickens for a while? Insurance blockchain social networking is emerging in endlessly. It seems that everything can be blockchain. Some people even joke that now even the cleaning lady can talk about decentralized distributed accounting. Of course, there must be bubbles behind such carnival. , by the second half of the year, blockchain seemed to have faded out of people’s sight. By the end of 2018, after the tide receded, we couldn’t help but wonder, what is left of blockchain?

In my opinion, what is left is to make the virtual closer to reality. How to understand it? Originally, information always gave people an untrustworthy feeling. After all, things made of code could theoretically be changed without even leaving traces. Even in reality, where was this apple produced? In the warehouse How long has it been there, or where did this person graduate, what kind of past he has, and other such information, in fact, it also exists and is forged. Possibly, but express delivery has indeed solved a big problem about trust for us. As a decentralized and distributed storage technology, it not only makes virtual currency unforgeable, but also has many applications such as food traceability and social networking. Waiting for many scenarios, a relatively perfect solution is given, which can make information as credible as a so-called material entity for the first time. To a certain extent, it can even be said to be more credible. Of course, at present, when express delivery really needs to be applied in actual scenarios, it still faces many difficulties. After all, everything about his credibility is based on a premise. Above, these transaction data are stored in the storage space of each user participating in the blockchain. In a small scale, the use is not a big problem, but once the large-scale layout data changes.

Expansion not only tests the limits of storage devices, but is also limited by the network bandwidth itself. What also generates massive amounts of data is the increasingly taking shape of the Internet of Things. We often I’m talking about ot, and this field was actually mentioned repeatedly during the blockchain craze at the beginning of the year. At that time, we were talking about blockchain plus the Internet of Things, which was also regarded as resolving the security risks of the Internet of Things. In terms of measurement, the Internet of Things itself can be said to have made silent and rapid progress in the past year. We can see that more and more people are using smart electronic scales, smart desk lamps, smart switches, smart sockets, etc. byInternet of Things devices are known as smart devices, not to mention their increasing popularity in urban construction, industrial logistics, retail and other fields. In fact, in the relatively conservative oil and gas industry, the Internet of Things is also emerging, as we all know. Industry 4.0 is about injecting digitalization into industry. In fact, the oil and gas industry is also ushering in the so-called Oil and Gas 4.0. Oil and gas companies are trying to tap the potential value contained in big data, hoping to use digital technology to shorten project cycles, reduce costs, and improve production. and operation and maintenance efficiency and safety. At the same time, it can also provide a reliable basis for operation and management decisions, targeting the upstream exploration and development and midstream transportation fields of oil and gas.

Molecular formula proposed the concepts of 4.0 and plus4.0 respectively. Through the concept and technology of digital twins, Siemens’ safe digital solutions covering the entire life cycle can realize the integrated design of oil platforms and pipelines. , virtual debugging, virtual personnel training, operation optimization equipment, remote monitoring and diagnosis, etc. intelligent applications, well, if blockchain is the spirit of the party. That is, the physical Internet of Things, in my opinion, makes reality informatized, and the 5G concept, which has been warmed up for several years, is more like a highway that passes through the resource barriers between virtual and reality. This year, the three major communication operators have launched in many cities The city has already carried out field tests, and just this month, the three major operators issued announcements stating that they had received notices from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology regarding the allocation and use of 5G frequencies. All of this is actually happening. It reminds us that the fifth series is really not far away. To be honest, I have been struggling with the second keyword for a long time, because both the blockchain Internet of Things mentioned above and the fifth series seem to be on the list. Qualifications, but when I think about it carefully, it seems that they are all a little bit less interesting. Either the temperature has cooled down too quickly, or there is a lack of hot products, or they are still ready to go. However, the people behind these three technologies.

We are brewing together, and the future is very clear. Over there is the Internet of Everything. I think 2018 can be regarded as the year of accumulating strength in the era of the Internet of Everything, and it is still a little bit quiet. The boundary between virtuality and reality is becoming increasingly blurred. It just so happens that A Tong’s first keyword is artificial intelligence. Let’s put together a neat four-character format: Internet of Everything. This can be packaged and sent by express delivery. Let’s consider the four-letter words Internet of Things and 5G as the second annual technology keyword in 2018. Perhaps you have noticed that when talking about artificial intelligence, I have already mentioned unmanned technology in passing. Driving is a hot technology in recent years. Originally, for this third keyword, I directly wanted to give it to driverless or autonomous driving. After all, in the technology news throughout the year. The mention rate of the word husband is really a bit high. I remember that in early February, Google suddenly announced that it would launch a driverless taxi service in 2018. At that time, as soon as this news came out, people inside and outside the industry exploded, about driverless taxis. The debate on whether human driving is safe was actually very hot for a time. Of course, all this does not seem to stop the wheel of driverless cars from rolling forward. In April,With intelligent connected cars, road test management.

The release of standardized trials and the road testing of autonomous driving in my country have completely opened up the situation, and the race for this driverless autonomous driving technology is still fiercely carried out around the world. In the field of autonomous driving technology, there is a L5 grading standard. The larger the number, the higher the degree of automation. The technology that everyone may have access to now is usually between L2 and 23, which means it has a certain level. AI intervenes, and you can complete operations such as changing lanes and overtaking vehicles under specific conditions. However, it still requires the driver to be ready to take over the job at any time. Remember at the beginning of the year, there was actually no one in the car market. Car companies have installed autonomous driving systems that can reach Level 4 on mass-produced models, which means that under special terrain or road conditions, they can completely break away from human-controlled darkness and be able to operate autonomously. Complete the operation and operation of the vehicle, this is a level of autonomous driving, and the interaction between the driver and the car is only limited to this temporary replacement in different areas, or when the road conditions switch, Once the vehicle enters a qualified environment, it can continue to drive autonomously. It is particularly noteworthy that in 2018, many car companies actually announced the launch of the fourth series of autonomous vehicles, and some are currently undergoing testing.

Some will start research and development. For example, in July the Internet announced that it would join forces with King Long Bus to launch a fourth series of mass-produced self-driving buses. In October, Huawei and Audi announced that they would jointly develop four-level autonomous buses. Driving, no matter what, this year's autonomous driving technology is striving towards the 4G era. I didn't care about the previous issues. There is a reason why this year’s third keyword is unmanned driving, or autonomous driving, because there are many strange forms of transportation this year that are frequently mentioned, such as various forms of flight. What impressed me deeply about cars is the combination of cars and fixed-wing aircraft. Mr. Chun also has an oversized manned drone like the Pla. These two so-called cars are not just concepts. The former is said to have been opened for pre-order, while the latter has also ended the secret testing phase and has been officially displayed to the public. According to the current price, or the predicted price, after mass production of such equipment, it can be controlled at approximately The level of a mid-range SUV means that in the near future, if you want to drive your own flying car and fly in the sky, price is not the main factor, but the supporting policies.

An interesting detail is that many science fiction movies or TV series released this year, regarding the concept of future urban transportation, seem to have multiple suspenseful flying cars. To be honest, unmanned aerial vehicles, including the hyper-high-speed train that was very popular some time ago, although no one can say how far these futuristic modes of transportation are from actually entering our lives.. But compared to the past, they only existed in science fiction. In 2018, they have become models, started testing, and are even close to mass production. Today, it seems to be hinting that they may not be released. In ten years, the traffic patterns we are familiar with now will undergo earth-shaking changes. By then, the view of time and space on the earth may also change. It has been subverted again, so I think the third keyword in 2018 belongs to the four words "future transportation".

The typhoon barrier that has always been talked about by the people of Shanghai seems to be very ineffective this year. Shanghai became the first city in China to have three typhoons land in 30 days. It should have been Autumn is crisp and refreshing, but in November, people are in no mood due to the smog, humidity, and heat. In December, it becomes even more depressing. It rains almost non-stop for nearly half a month, and what’s even more abnormal is that in a wave Cliff style. After the temperature dropped to winter, it snowed for the first time. Many friends around me were wondering, is this kind of weather still the Shanghai we are familiar with? Not just in Shanghai, but across the world, climate anomalies seem to be an important news element throughout 2018. Whether in Asia, Europe, Africa or North America, many places have experienced unusually high temperatures this summer. China, Japan, Vietnam, Laos, India, etc. have also experienced floods due to heavy rains. Australia in the southern hemisphere has experienced a severe drought that has not been seen in a century. Some time ago, everyone was deeply impressed. California in the United States has experienced the worst drought in history. In the most serious wildfires, we gradually seem to have the understanding that abnormal weather is normal, although it is difficult for us to attribute a single extreme weather event to a person.

It will cause climate change, but many previous scientific studies have actually concluded that the probability of extreme weather events is directly or indirectly related to human activities. According to statistics from the World Meteorological Organization, by 2011 Among 131 studies published in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society in 2016, 65% found that the probability of extreme weather events is significantly affected by human activities, such as human activities. The probability of some extreme high temperature weather events has increased by more than ten times. Technology, then following the 2013 Ten Air Measures, this year the State Council announced a three-year action plan to win the battle to defend the blue sky. As a major coal consumer, to win the battle to defend the blue sky, the transformation of the energy industry is actually crucial. Guangdong, for example, has clearly proposed optimizing and integrating coal-fired power plants, promoting coal-fired power plants that have expired, have been in service for a long time, and are located in urban built-up areas.

There are plans to close down Guangzhou power plants before the end of 2018. However, phasing out coal-fired power plants sounds like a very simple matter, but how to deal with the resulting power gap? What about filling? This petrochemical and efficient gas-fired power generation is very important. For example, in Zengcheng, Guangzhou, a large-scale gas-fired cooling, heating and power triplex is expected to be put into operation at the end of 2019. Chenggong projectTwo sets of generator sets including two Siemens ct587h heavy-duty gas turbines were introduced. The principle of the gas turbine is very interesting. After the lamp is lit, the air in the lamp is heated, and the airflow rises, which will push the impeller to rotate, and the gas turbine's The hot exhaust gas is not discharged into the environment without utilization, but enters the waste heat boiler and is generated for the downstream steam turbine. Thereby greatly improving power generation efficiency, Siemens' H-class gas turbine is one of the most efficient and powerful gas turbines currently in commercial operation. It is widely used in combined heat and power plants, which can be said to convert fuel into usable energy. , one of the most efficient ways, the combined cycle unit using such a gas turbine can meet the needs of households in a city with a population of 3 million.

If there is demand, in addition to centralized power generation, distributed energy can also be said to have unlimited potential. In August this year, two Siemens gas-fired steam generators were installed in the natural gas distributed energy project in Kunshan, Jiangsu. The combined cycle units have successfully passed the 96-hour full-load trial operation. This also means that Jiangsu Province’s first regional natural gas distributed energy project has been fully completed. After being put into operation, it can not only provide clean power to the power grid. Providing industrial steam load can also provide air-conditioning load for surrounding public and commercial places and residents, creating a green, low-carbon and sustainable city. Although I gave the fourth technological keyword of 2018 to climate anomalies, In my heart, I actually hope that the abnormal climate and environmental pollution will cause people to pay more attention to environmental issues in the future. The high-tech transformation of the energy industry is smoother.

Cassie, you have fallen. At such an important probe moment like Saturn, this year’s space exploration seems to have lacked a few hits. The only one that can be called a global crowd is probably at the beginning of the year. The show that allowed a sports car to fly to Mars, the first flight of the Falcon Heavy rocket, but we really have to take a closer look. There are quite a few commendable detector launches this year, including InSight in May. The Mars lander set off, and it successfully landed on Mars at the end of last month. It was the first time that humans directly probed the internal structure of Mars. In June, Japan's Hayabusa 2 asteroid probe may have flown to the asteroid. Planet Ryugu, and successfully airdropped the lander Nest in October. By the end of 2020, only the samples collected on the asteroid No. 2 will be sent back to Earth. A probe focusing on asteroids, Lhasa's Osiris, arrived at the asteroid in early December. In 2023, he will also bring us back. From this one, more than 200 years later, there will be 1 There is a 2500/2500 possibility of a sample of an asteroid hitting the Earth. On August 12, the Parker probe will set off towards the sun, and it will do so at an unprecedented speed.

The sun, or kissing the sun, because it passes through the outer atmosphere of the sun, which is what we call the corona Parker.The ultimate goal is to get closer to a place less than 6 million kilometers from the surface of the sun. On October 19, the XM detector jointly developed by Europe and Japan was successfully launched and began a long space journey to Mercury. If everything goes well, it will reach Mercury. In 2025, they will send back the most detailed detection of Mercury ever. Not long ago, on December 8, our country's Chang'e 4 lunar probe was successfully launched. With the help of the sophisticated Queqiao and the relay star, it was the first soft landing on the back of the moon in human history. Execution, it can be said that the pace of human space exploration has not slowed down in 2018. Mars, Mercury, asteroids, the surface of the sun, the moon, the back side, destinations. It is becoming more diverse, and the tasks are becoming more complex. This exactly reflects space exploration. It seems to be changing from the check-in game of the past to the in-depth game of today. There is still one last keyword left. I think it is not as good as the pattern. Even bigger, this year is the fifth anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative, and it is also the reform and opening up.

On the 40th anniversary, the reason why we can have such a beautiful and happy life today is actually inseparable from the Belt and Road Initiative and reform and opening up. The concept of global cooperation behind this, although this There have also been many unpleasant disputes that seemed to run counter to these four words in 2018, but we should also see that cooperation and openness are still the mainstream of the future, and they also represent opportunities. This is true for China and the world. . In fact, those grand words are not what I am good at expressing. Whether it is majestic or thrilling, I believe everyone has deeply experienced it over the past year. Let me talk about what impressed me most. I remember that this year’s World Internet At the conference, the former Prime Minister of Pakistan recalled a past event. Gwadar Port, not far from the Gulf, was once a small fishing village in Pakistan. It turned into an important port in just two years. This Only level eight. There has never been one in the history of assets, and this Gwadar Port is the outlet of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. Here is some background knowledge. The Belt and Road Initiative currently includes six economic corridors, and among them, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor It is the most successful and can be regarded as a flagship project. As you can imagine, for Pakistan, which has always been rich in the east and poor in the west, if this port at the westernmost end of the country develops into the Pakistani version of Shenzhen, it will be great.

What a benefit it is to balance their domestic development, not to mention, after the infrastructure is completed, this port with excellent location advantages will be a strong attraction for global investment. In addition to the construction of Gwadar Port and the focus of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, there are also transportation and electricity. These aspects are also huge opportunities for our Chinese companies in the relatively wealthy Northeast of Pakistan. No, there is a province called Punjab, which has half of the country’s population and an economic contribution rate of over 60%. Over there, power upgrading is an important issue they face. Among them, our Chinese companiesWe firmly seized the opportunity, and China Machinery Equipment Engineering Co., Ltd. provided a two-for-one power plant for the Jiheng Combined Cycle Power Plant of Punjab Thermal Power Co., Ltd. in Pakistan. The power island equipment you are referring to, and in this project, there are two ST58000HK gas turbines and one ST5000 steam turbine provided by Siemens, two sets of TM waste heat boilers, transformers and switch station systems, and the whole plant control system and related auxiliary systems, please do not underestimate this project. Even if it is placed in China, it is still a giant, with a total installed capacity of one thousand.

263 MW. When completed and put into operation in 2019, it can generate more than 1.26 million kilowatt-hours per hour, which is equivalent to the total electricity consumption of nearly 4 million households in Pakistan. They will also become the largest in Pakistan. A gas-fired power plant, which can effectively alleviate the problem of long-term power supply shortage in Pakistan. This project is also constructed by China Machinery Engineering Corporation. There is an H-class gas turbine power station project. For Siemens, it is the first time that its H-class gas turbine has entered the Pakistani market. As for the benefits of H-class gas turbines, there is actually no need to repeat them here. We were talking about the Guangzhou Zengcheng project earlier. Just mentioned it, did you notice it? Cooperation like this, whether it is for Pakistan or China, whether it is for local Chinese companies or international companies, can be said to be global. Cooperation has brought tangible benefits, and if we were to take down examples like this one by one, I’m afraid it would take another whole year to list them all. Originally, I was just going to take 20 minutes to do a quick inventory with everyone. As for looking back, who would have thought that once we get started, we will realize that there are so many things worth talking about this year that it is impossible to cover them all.

Is this just a family story? If I am biased, please forgive me. In fact, what I also look forward to is that you can leave a message in the comment area and talk about the 2018 technology keywords in your mind. Only with your additions can I It can be considered a complete inventory. Happy New Year!

IV Five major factors that can promote the prosperity of blockchain technology in the future

The wind of change is blowing strongly. Starting from the Bitcoin craze at the end of 2017, Bitcoin futures contract trading reached a climax. The panic subsided a bit and buzzwords like blockchain, cryptocurrency and Bitcoin slowly faded from the headlines. But now the next phase for Bitcoin is the legalization of the asset class and the promotion of blockchain technology. Behind the market’s recent headlines about the trade war with the United States, a turf war has begun in the blockchain world. This is not a company changing its name to attract new investors, but some mature industries using this technology to cut costs and improve profit margins. Major companies like Walmart, UnitedHealth, and BMW have been adapting blockchain technology to suit their needs. It’s not just concepts, the practical applications of blockchain are already creating huge changes in industries around the world. The revolution has just begun, research into cryptocurrency lifeWhen looking at the ecosystem, you'll find that there are many ways to invest in blockchain.

1) "Noisy Picks and Axes" and Miners

During the Gold Rush, the really wealthy people were the ones who sold picks and axes. That is, these companies provide speculators with the tools to go out and find fortune. In the cryptocurrency world, this refers to companies that produce chips and hardware used in mining operations. Includes many semiconductor companies.

And the miners themselves. Miners confirm transactions between nodes by solving cryptographic problems and are then rewarded in cryptocurrencies. We’ve already seen publicly traded companies “mine” cryptocurrencies. These companies mine the tokens and then immediately sell them on the open market and pass the proceeds on to shareholders. Think of them like the pipeline companies of the energy industry. These companies are currently small but may become larger over time.

2) Cloud infrastructure

No industry relies as much on cloud technology for development as blockchain. The need to distribute the ledger globally without centralized ownership or regulatory trading authority takes full advantage of the cloud. However, the cloud still faces risks here because blockchain technology can distribute storage globally, thus countering the centralized nature of traditional cloud services. Still, the industry can adapt technology to benefit.

3) Payment processing and lending

One of the most disruptive industries for blockchain is payment processing. Unlike traditional financial intermediaries, blockchain technology supports a distributed, open, public ledger in which transactions are confirmed by other nodes in the chain and charge higher fees than those from traditional processors. The typical fees are much lower.

Blockchain technology is also ideal for lending, allowing it to spread risk across thousands of loans in an instant, regardless of the size of the lender. We are just the tip of the iceberg on this stage.

4) Investment firms, business development firms and consulting firms

There will be a wave of companies looking for ways to integrate blockchain technology into their existing businesses. Large consulting firms have begun offering services to help companies integrate new technologies. Gartner even developed a website specifically for this purpose.

Some public companies are acting as incubators for other emerging cryptocurrencies. There are currently over 1,600 cryptocurrencies in the world. These investors and business development firms invest in promising cryptocurrency technology companies before the technology becomes mainstream.

5) Futures and ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds)

As futures contracts begin trading on two major U.S. exchanges, the legalization of Bitcoin continues. Soon, Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs will also be officially regulated. Meanwhile, investors have been using GBTC as a proxy. As mentioned earlier, Goldman Sachs will soon open its trading desk, further proving the legitimacy of cryptocurrencies as an asset class.

Conclusion

There is no doubt that blockchain will have a huge impact on almost every industry you can think of. In fact, experts predict that the sector’s value will surge 8,500% to $60 billion by 2024.

Just like in the early days of the Internet, some companies will reap huge benefits. Others are just ephemeral. We cut through the gimmicks and hype to shine a light on the powerful, often little-known companies driving blockchain technology. Jianghui Shengxing Network Technology is a professional blockchain R&D company that provides overall blockchain solutions and uses the current popular blockchain technology to truly realize blockchain development. As a professional system development company, we have 5 years of system development experience and two years of blockchain development. We have very mature development experience and are constantly improving our technology and service quality. Solve customer needs to the greatest extent possible. If you have blockchain system development, blockchain technology research and development, blockchain various system development, blockchain settlement system development, blockchain APP development, blockchain game development, blockchain transaction system development, district If you need blockchain solutions, blockchain project development, blockchain financial system development, blockchain business model system development, blockchain payment, blockchain application development, etc., you can contact me.

VI Conditions for blockchain to become the next generation of infrastructure

I entered the Internet industry in 1998, when we still relied on dial-up modems. I watched the hardware evolve over time to SDN, ADSL, and finally to Gigabit networking as we know it today. I have also personally experienced the changes in the software ecosystem, from the earliest portals to the boom of oil pipelines, to the mobile Internet and the current tiktok era. In the 1990s, people called a small number of Internet users "Internet users." However, this term has become outdated because almost everyone is using the Internet, which has become the world’s infrastructure

In 2012, the co-founders of kucoin exchange and I plunged into the emerging crypto world. At the time, the crypto industry was just emerging. To most people, Bitcoin sounds like a crazy idea from geeks exchanging assets with each other. I remember when I first bought Bitcoin, my friend said: Why do you need this? Buy gold (gold was the most popular investment in 2011-2012). Today, Bitcoin is worth 4,000 times what it was in 2012, while the value of gold is declining

The prospect of a crypto world fills us with enthusiasm and pride at the forefront of technology. We believe it will definitely become the technology of the future. We think so in part because we have noticed how similar the development of blockchain technology is to the development of the early Internet, and this time we have the opportunity to contribute to that development

District Blockchain: The World's Future Infrastructure

In its early stages of development, the crypto industry was driven by risk-takers who loved technology and innovation, just as Internet developers did in their early stages. Despite widespread doubts and confusing challenges, the growing market size and number of users in the crypto industry gives me enough confidence to believe that the underlying blockchain will become an essential infrastructure of the future, just like the Internet Serving the modern world as well

Today, the Internet allows us to meet our basic needs because as the world evolves and the need for digital infrastructure expands, we no longer need to worry about food or clothing, nor No longer needing to wait in line to pay utility bills and being able to instantly connect with anyone around the world, it's entirely possible that one day we'll see a system like the one featured in the movie Ready Player One. However, given the many challenges we still face in improving technology, this will not be possible in the near future. Take the Internet as an example. Although it has greatly accelerated the process of information sharing, it is still unable to store and transmit value

Today, data or value is stored on the servers of companies and organizations and actually belongs to them. However, the second law of thermodynamics states that all entities have an end. This means that if your value is stored in a centralized online organization, it will suffer from a lack of transparency and security - a problem that the Internet cannot solve

The emergence of blockchain on a global scale provides an answer to this question because it allows us to store data or value on a basic infrastructure that can be shared widely and is not owned by any one person, company or organization. In my opinion, this is where the real value of the crypto industry lies. In the Web 3.0 infrastructure of the future Internet, it will be effectively realized on the basis of blockchain technology

Progress is driven by people

Looking back at the history of the Internet, It is not difficult to find that a technology that changes the world requires people's continuous participation, continuous development and update of products to attract more and more users. Similarly, Internet giants such as Google and Facebook are launching satellites and hot-air balloons into space to provide Internet services at a lower cost. Although some products are designed as temporary solutions, they can still help people better understand and utilize this technology. Just like in the late 1990s, the most popular application at the time was email. In people's minds, it's all about the Internet

New concepts and products emerging today, such as those offered by defi or NFT, may no longer be popular in the virtual world or metadata of the future. However, we cannot deny their value in our time, as they help us better understand crypto technology and the industry

However, in order to achieve mass adoption in the crypto industry, its products and services must be more well adapted to the needs of the public. Large industry players such as regulators and software companies can drive this process by making the decentralized world more accessible to more people

Take the early days of the Internet, because there were no search engines and people had to Going through various hassles to get online, such as manually entering URLs. Only with the advent of smartphones such as Google and the iPhone did the public gain easy access to the Internet. The lowering of access barriers has also stimulated further development of the industry

Returning to encryption technology, decentralized public chain or blockchain technology can be used to provide underlying data support. However, a basic public chain platform cannot spawn a mass service platform like Google. Therefore, tools must be based on data to meet the needs of more people

Infrastructure must meet the changing needs of users

As more and more people enter the digital asset market , their needs will become more complex and personalized. New solutions in the crypto industry will only gain popularity by providing demanding, convenient and high-quality services that meet user needs

This may include defi and NFTs, as well as crypto swaps, spot trading, options, Futures, ETFs and many other products. In addition to providing cutting-edge financial products and focusing on a simple entry process, industry players must also put social responsibility first and provide users with promising new project services, any one of which may become the world's next Google

User-friendly products are synonymous with healthy and high-quality customer and community service, providing a high degree of user experience and satisfaction. This adaptation to user needs determines the future of the crypto industry, which requires all its infrastructure components to remain steadfast and continuously improve their products and services.

These efforts combined may lead to faster onboarding and accelerate the transition to Web 3.0. Only the popularity of tokens as useful tools in familiar and adapted services, as well as user education efforts that go hand in hand with integration, will make blockchain the future infrastructure of the ever-expanding digital environment.

From a financial perspective, blockchain and digital currency are actually a new generation of digital financial system. The digital financial system is built on the financial infrastructure of blockchain digital currency.

From the perspective of an enterprise, how do we understand the digital economy?

We know that the driver of the industrial economy is fossil fuels, and the driver of the digital economy is data. So how does data drive a business? I summarize it as computer modeling of data, using algorithms to organize the data, and at the same time computer programming of the enterprise's business processes, turning the data into algorithm models, and then stringing together the algorithm models to turn the business processes into computer programs. Or become a smart contract, which is digital technology. This digital economy is not the digital economy from an economist’s perspective.

How to integrate these things requires a series of digital technologies. A series of digital technologies such as the Internet, Internet of Things, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and blockchain constitute the digital economy, or digital business.

Digital technology has three characteristics. The first is that it spans time and space, because data naturally has the ability to penetrate. For example, cross-border and cross-organization data flow cannot be blocked by national borders, so it crosses time and space. At the same time, data is penetrable. It can penetrate the market vertically, eliminating all intermediaries and hierarchies in the middle, and then Let transactions become peer-to-peer, and buyers and sellers no longer need intermediaries. It can penetrate the market vertically and shorten the industrial chain horizontally. Peer-to-peer, there is no middleman to guarantee the transaction settlement.

The core of digital finance is point-to-point payment settlement and non-guaranteed transaction settlement. Nowadays, using bank cards to buy things in shopping malls is not a point-to-point transaction. It takes time for the merchant to receive the money, and the bank guarantees that the transaction can be settled completely. But if these intermediaries disappear, how can transactions be cleared and settled in real time? At present, blockchain and digital currency are the best technical solutions to solve these problems, and no other better solution has been found yet.

From a business perspective, blockchain technology has its own characteristics, that is, it is sufficiently digital, it is cross-border, cross-time and space, and cross-organization. The flow of data has no boundaries, so the blockchain is distributed at the same time, it is self-organized and decentralized.

So the origin of blockchain and the application of any new disruptive technology have always had two routes, or two methods. One way is to regard it as a tool and use it to improve the traditional business model and obtain an improvement in marginal benefits. The other is to treat it as a system to reconstruct the underlying logic of business.

There is a good example of these two application methods in the past few years. When Internet companies are promoting "Internet+", we also see many traditional business organizations saying that it is not "Internet+", but "+Internet". So where are those people who shout "+Internet" now? Some people think that the Internet is just a technology used to improve traditional things, and some Internet technologies can be added to traditional things. For example, if you use the Internet as email, you build an email system and think it is the Internet. But some people regard the Internet as a system.Reconstructing the business from the bottom up, you will eventually find that you are unemployed.

The second is decentralization. Why go to the center? Regional center technology in business has brought about business decentralization, which is an inevitable trend in history. Where is this trend? I think there are two points. One is economic globalization and entering version 2.0. Now through the Internet, it is no longer the company that is globalizing, nor the company turning itself into a multinational company, but the Internet is empowering any individual, so that it can sell its products through the Internet in a small county in China. worldwide. When economic globalization develops to personal globalization, solving point-to-point transactions and point-to-point services becomes a prominent issue. Then the real-time clearing and settlement and point-to-point transaction settlement brought by blockchain technology can just help the globalization of personal business activities.

The third is the digitalization of the economy. When data is collected to a certain extent, its circulation is basically across time and space. The demand for financial payments from commercial activities is carried with them anytime and anywhere, but it is impossible to provide scenario-based and virtualized payment settlement anytime, anywhere and on demand. Services will eventually be eliminated by technology and the market.

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