区块链比特币发展史简述,区块链比特币发展史

区块链比特币发展史是一个极其复杂的话题，它涉及到了技术、经济、政治等多个领域。2008年，比特币诞生，从此比特币及其相关的区块链技术开始迅速发展，并影响着当今的社会经济结构。下面我们将介绍比特币及其相关区块链技术的发展史，以及它们所带来的影响。

一、比特币的诞生

2008年，比特币诞生，由中本聪（Satoshi Nakamoto）发明，是一种去中心化的货币，旨在取代传统的货币体系。比特币不像传统货币需要中央银行的发行，它是一种基于区块链技术的去中心化货币，采用了密码学签名技术，实现了去中心化、无可篡改、可验证的货币体系。

二、区块链技术的发展

比特币的诞生带动了区块链技术的发展，区块链技术是一种分布式数据库技术，它可以让多个节点之间的数据保持一致，并且不受任何中心机构的控制。它的特点是去中心化、可靠性高、安全性强、可扩展性强、可追溯性强，可以应用于金融、物联网、供应链等领域。

三、比特币及其影响

比特币的发展给社会带来了深远的影响，它不仅改变了人们的支付方式，而且也改变了传统的金融体系。同时，比特币也为区块链技术的发展提供了动力，区块链技术也正在改变着社会的经济结构，以及人们的生活方式。未来，比特币及其相关的区块链技术将继续发展壮大，并且将给社会带来更多的变革。

总之，比特币及其相关的区块链技术已经彻底改变了我们的社会经济结构，它们也将给未来的社会带来更大的变革。
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『一』 The history of the birth of blockchain

Many people will be instinctively intimidated when they hear the word "blockchain" and think it is esoteric and incomprehensible. The content or technology being tested has nothing to do with me.

2018 is the first year of blockchain technology. In the past Spring Festival, blockchain has become really popular. The "three o'clock sleepless zone" of the first blockchain community "Blockchain", articles from major media "How to introduce blockchain to seven aunts and eight aunts", novices from all walks of life are ready to enter the currency circle and try their best, etc.

We know that the Internet has connected the world over the course of decades. People don’t talk about whether the world is flat, because as long as you have a computer or a mobile phone, you are closely connected to the entire world. Elites are accustomed to calling the past Internet era the information Internet era.

With the advent of blockchain technology in 2008, humans were caught off guard and drawn into the world of bits. In the future, no matter whether you understand whether you know what blockchain technology is? Do you understand how digital virtual currency is implemented? They have all been coerced into the second era of the Internet: the era of value Internet. What you don’t know is how blockchain technology was born?

David Chaum, the "bishop" figure of cypherpunk in the 1980s and 1990s, invented the cryptographic anonymous cash system Ecash in 1990. Chaum believes that a distributed, truly digital cash system should encrypt people’s privacy.

British cryptographer Adam Baker invented Hashcash in 1997, which used the Proof of Work system. The proof-of-work system is one of the core concepts of Bitcoin.

In 1997, Harper and Stonitta proposed a protocol that uses timestamps to ensure the security of digital files. This protocol has also become one of the prototypes of the Bitcoin blockchain protocol. The biggest feature of timestamps is that when a virtual currency is traded, it is timestamped and it cannot be changed.

Cryptozoology expert Dai Wei invented B-money in 1998. B-money emphasizes point-to-point transactions and immutable transaction records, and every trader in the network keeps track of transactions.

In 2004, Hal Finney, a top developer at PGP Crypto Company, launched the electronic currency "Crypto Cash", which used a reusable proof-of-work mechanism (RPOW).

But their single invention and idea are still not enough to become a world-class virtual currency. Ecash declared bankruptcy in 1998; the proof-of-work system cannot guarantee whether digital currency has been traded many times; the technical protocol of timestamps is only used on a small scale by the governmentIn the B. money system, David did not solve the problem of ledger synchronization; in the end, Halfini’s idea was not enough to become a world-class virtual currency.

In 2008, when all technical conditions were mature and time conditions were mature, a god-level figure was still needed to answer a question: why did the previous virtual currency pioneers fail? The name of the person who answered this question is Satoshi Nakamoto.

He believes that the most important reason for the failure of previous virtual currencies is that they all have a centralized structure, and all transaction data will be aggregated into the company's data center, which is no different from currency issued by the government. Once the company that backs the virtual currency goes bankrupt, or the central server of the general ledger is compromised by hackers, the virtual currency will face the risk of collapse. Satoshi Nakamoto optimized David Chaum's Ecash, integrating timestamps, proof-of-work mechanisms, asymmetric encryption technology, and the structure of UTSO, and ultimately he invented Bitcoin.

It can be seen that blockchain is not a single technology, it is a collection of a series of above-mentioned technologies. Bitcoin is just a typical example of the first large-scale application of blockchain technology. In the future, blockchain technology can be applied to many fields such as financial services and social life.

『二』When did Bitcoin start?

Bitcoin is a digital cryptocurrency based on blockchain technology. It was first proposed at the end of 2008. Anonymous comments in the forum. A person on the forum who calls himself "Satoshi Nakamoto" published a paper titled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", proposing the core concept of Bitcoin. and basic principles. After that, Satoshi Nakamoto started the development of Bitcoin and officially launched the Bitcoin network on January 3, 2009. Therefore, it can be said that the real start of Bitcoin was January 3, 2009.

『三』 Who invented Bitcoin

The concept of Bitcoin (BitCoin) was first proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. It is an open source software designed and released based on Satoshi Nakamoto’s ideas. And the P2P network built on it. Bitcoin is a P2P form of digital currency. Peer-to-peer transmission means a decentralized payment system.

Unlike most currencies, Bitcoin does not rely on the issuance of a specific monetary institution. It is generated through a large number of calculations based on a specific algorithm. The Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the entire P2P network to confirm All transactions are recorded, and cryptographic design is used to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature of P2P and the algorithm itself ensure that currency value cannot be artificially manipulated by mass production of Bitcoins. Design based on cryptography allows Bitcoin to be transferred only by real owners orPay. This also ensures the anonymity of currency ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between Bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that its total quantity is very limited and it is extremely scarce. The currency system had no more than 10.5 million coins in 4 years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to 21 million coins.

Bitcoin can be cashed out and converted into the currencies of most countries. Users can use Bitcoin to purchase some virtual items, such as clothes, hats, equipment, etc. in online games. As long as someone accepts it, Bitcoin can also be used to purchase items in real life. [1][2]

On February 26, 2014, West Virginia Democratic Senator Joe Manchin issued an open letter to multiple regulatory agencies of the US federal government, hoping that relevant agencies could We pay attention to the fact that Bitcoin encourages illegal activities and disrupts financial order, and requires that action be taken as soon as possible to completely ban this electronic currency. [3]

Starting from 12:00 noon on January 24, 2017, China's three major Bitcoin platforms officially began to charge transaction fees. [4]

Chinese name

Bitcoin

Foreign name

Bitcoin

Type

Electronic currency

Circulation platform

Network

Concept founder

Satoshi Nakamoto

Development Chengdu Tingyin

When the global financial crisis broke out in 2008, someone published a paper under the pseudonym "Satoshi Nakamoto" describing the Bitcoin model.

2 photos in total

Bitcoin

Compared with legal currency, Bitcoin does not have a centralized issuer, but is generated by the calculation of network nodes. Anyone can participate in the creation of Bitcoins, and they can be circulated around the world. They can be bought and sold on any computer connected to the Internet. No matter where they are, anyone can mine, buy, sell or receive Bitcoins, and trade them. During the process, outsiders cannot identify the user’s identity information. [2] In 2009, Bitcoin, which is not controlled by the central bank or any financial institution, was born. [2] Bitcoin is an “electronic currency” that consists of a series of complex codes generated by a computer. New Bitcoins are manufactured through a preset program. As the total amount of Bitcoins increases, the speed of new currency manufacturing slows down. , until reaching the total upper limit of 21 million in 2014, the total number of Bitcoins mined has exceeded 12 million. [2]

Whenever Bitcoin enters the mainstream media's field of vision, the mainstream media will always ask some mainstream economists to analyze Bitcoin. Early on, these analyzes always focused on whether Bitcoin was a scam. Today's analysis always focuses on whether Bitcoin can become the mainstream currency in the future. And this is controversialThe focus tends to be on Bitcoin’s deflationary characteristics. [5]

Many Bitcoin players are attracted by the fact that Bitcoin cannot be issued at will. In contrast to the attitudes of Bitcoin players, economists have polarized attitudes towards the fixed total supply of 21 million Bitcoins. [6]

Economists of the Keynesian school believe that the government should actively regulate the monetary aggregates and use the loosening and tightening of monetary policy to fuel or brake the economy in a timely manner. Therefore, they believe that Bitcoin’s fixed total currency sacrifices controllability, and what’s worse is that it will inevitably lead to deflation, thereby harming the overall economy. Austrian economists hold the opposite view. They believe that the less government intervention in currency, the better. Deflation caused by the fixed monetary aggregate is not a big deal, and is even a sign of social progress.

The Bitcoin network generates new Bitcoins through "mining." The so-called "mining" is essentially the use of computers to solve a complex mathematical problem to ensure the consistency of the distributed accounting system of the Bitcoin network. The Bitcoin network automatically adjusts the difficulty of math questions so that the entire network gets a qualified answer approximately every 10 minutes. The Bitcoin network will then generate a certain amount of Bitcoin as a bounty to reward those who get the answer.

When Bitcoin was born in 2009, each bounty was 50 Bitcoins. Ten minutes after its birth, the first batch of 50 Bitcoins was generated, and the total currency amount at this time was 50. Subsequently, Bitcoin increased at a rate of about 50 every 10 minutes. When the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the bounty is halved to 25. When the total amount reaches 15.75 million (new output is 5.25 million, which is 50% of 1050), the bounty is further halved to 12.5. [7]

First of all, according to its design principle, the total amount of Bitcoin will continue to grow until the day it reaches 21 million more than 100 years later. However, the total amount of Bitcoin currency will grow very slowly in the later period. In fact, 87.5% of all Bitcoins will be mined within the first 12 years. Therefore, from the perspective of the total amount of money, Bitcoin will not reach a fixed amount. In fact, its total amount of money will continue to expand, although the speed is getting slower and slower. So it seems that Bitcoin is an inflationary currency.

However, judging whether it is deflation or expansion does not depend on whether the total amount of money is decreasing or increasing, but on whether the overall price level is falling or rising. An increase in overall prices is inflation, and vice versa is deflation. In the long run, the issuance mechanism of Bitcoin determines that the growth rate of its total monetary volume will be much lower than the growth rate of social wealth.

Economists of the Keynesian school believe that continued decline in prices will make people tend to postpone consumption, because the same dollar can buy more things tomorrow. The reduction in willingness to consume has further led to shrinking demand and unsaleable goods, making prices even lower and entering a vicious cycle of "deflationary spiral". Similarly, a deflationary currencyI am afraid that the value of money itself will appreciate without depositing it in the bank (purchasing power will become stronger and stronger), people's willingness to invest will also increase, and social production will also fall into a downturn. [5] Therefore, Bitcoin is a currency with deflationary tendencies. In the Bitcoin economy, the prices of goods priced in Bitcoin will continue to fall. [1]

Bitcoin is an online virtual currency with a limited quantity, but it can be used for cash: it can be exchanged for the currencies of most countries. You can use Bitcoin to purchase some virtual items, such as clothes, hats, equipment, etc. in online games. As long as someone accepts it, you can also use Bitcoin to purchase items in real life. [1][1]

On September 9, 2014, the American e-commerce giant eBay announced that its payment processing subsidiary Braintree would begin accepting Bitcoin payments. The company has partnered with Bitcoin trading platform Coinbase to begin accepting this relatively new payment method.

Although the eBay marketplace and PayPal business do not yet accept Bitcoin payments, Braintree customers such as travel home rental community Airbnb and car rental service Uber will begin to accept the virtual currency. Braintree, whose main business is providing payment processing software to businesses, was acquired by eBay last year for about $800 million.

On the evening of January 22, 2017, Huobi, Bitcoin China and OKCoin successively issued announcements on their respective official websites, stating that in order to further curb speculation and prevent violent price fluctuations, each platform will The transaction service fee will be charged starting from 12:00 noon on January 24. The service fee is charged at a fixed rate of 0.2% of the transaction amount, and the rates for active transactions and passive transactions are the same. [4] On May 5, the latest data from OKCoin showed that the price of Bitcoin had just refreshed history again, reaching a high of 9222 points as of press time. [8]

Founder of Wuting Voice

On November 1, 2008, a person claiming to be Satoshi Nakamoto posted on a secret cryptography comment group He wrote a research report describing his new idea of ​​electronic currency-Bitcoin was launched, and the first transaction of Bitcoin was completed. Bitcoin uses a publicly distributed ledger to get rid of the constraints of third-party institutions, which Satoshi Nakamoto calls a "regional chain." Users are willing to donate their CPU computing power and run a special software to be a "miner", which will form a network to jointly maintain the "regional chain". In the process, they will also generate new currencies. Transactions are also carried out on this network, and computers running this software can crack irreversible cryptographic problems, which contain multiple transaction data. The first "miner" to solve the problem will be rewarded with 50 Bitcoins, and the relevant transaction area will be added to the chain. As the number of "miners" increases, the difficulty of each puzzle increases.The speed also increases, which keeps the Bitcoin production rate of each buying and selling area at about 10 minutes.

Kyoto University Mathematics Professor Mochizuki Shinichi

In 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto designed a digital currency, Bitcoin. The booming Bitcoin market has gone up and down, and The identity of its founder "Satoshi Nakamoto" has always been a mystery. Rumors about the "Father of Bitcoin" involve everyone from the National Security Agency to financial experts, giving Bitcoin a mysterious halo.

According to foreign media reports, computer scientist Ted Nelson posted a video on the Internet on Sunday saying that he had determined that the founder of Bitcoin was Kyoto University mathematics professor Shinichi Mochizuki. The founder of Bitcoin has always used the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto, and there has been a lot of speculation about his true identity on the Internet. Nelson posted a video saying that he had determined that Mochizuki Shinichi was the true founder of Bitcoin. [9]

Mochizuki Shinichi became famous in 2013 for proving the ABC conjecture. He attended Phillips Exeter Academy in high school, one of the most prestigious high schools in the United States, graduating after just two years. Shinichi Mochizuki entered Princeton University in the United States at the age of 16, left the school with a Ph.D. at the age of 22, and became a full professor at the age of 33. It is extremely rare in academia to obtain the title of full professor at such a young age. The superstar of mathematics may have cracked one of the most important problems in the field.

Satoshi Nakamoto himself left very little personal information on the Internet, and has almost completely disappeared in recent years, so his life experience has become a mystery. On March 7, 2014, when the news broke that the founder of Bitcoin, Dorian P. Satoshi Nakamoto, was found, it quickly became the most fascinating news on the Internet.

Unlike outside speculation that it may be a fictitious name, "Satoshi Nakamoto" is a real name. He is a 64-year-old Japanese-American who likes to collect model trains and once worked for a large company. and the U.S. military, doing classified work. For the past 40 years, Satoshi Nakamoto has never used his real name in life. According to 1973 files from the U.S. District Court in Los Angeles, when he graduated from California State Polytechnic University at the age of 23, he changed his name to Dorian Prentice Satoshi Nakamoto. Since then, he no longer uses the name "Song" and uses Dorian S. Nakamoto as his signature. [9]

Principle of production Listen to the voice

Starting from the essence of Bitcoin, the essence of Bitcoin is actually a special solution generated by a bunch of complex algorithms. A special solution refers to a set of infinite (in fact, Bitcoin is finite) solutions that can be obtained by a system of equations. And every special solution can solve the equation and is unique. [10]Using RMB as an analogy, Bitcoin is the serial number of RMB. If you know the serial number on a certain banknote, you own the banknote. The mining process is to continuously seek special solutions to this system of equations through a huge amount of calculations. This system of equations is designed to have only 21 million special solutions, so the upper limit of Bitcoin is 21 million. [10]

Crazy Rise

To mine Bitcoin, you can download a dedicated Bitcoin computing tool, then register on various cooperative websites, and fill in the registered username and password into the calculation In the program, click Calculation to officially start. [11] After completing the Bitcoin client installation, you can directly obtain a Bitcoin address. When someone else pays, you only need to post the address to others, and you can make the payment through the same client. After the Bitcoin client is installed, it will be assigned a private key and a public key. You need to back up your wallet data containing private keys to ensure that your property is not lost. If unfortunately the hard drive is completely formatted, one's Bitcoins will be completely lost.

Currency characteristics Listen to voice

Decentralization: Bitcoin is the first distributed virtual currency. The entire network is composed of users and there is no central bank. Decentralization is the guarantee of Bitcoin’s security and freedom.

Circulation around the world: Bitcoin can be managed on any computer connected to the Internet. Anyone can mine, buy, sell or receive Bitcoin regardless of location.

Exclusive ownership: Manipulating Bitcoin requires a private key, which can be isolated and stored on any storage medium. No one can obtain it except the user himself.

Low transaction fees: It is free to remit Bitcoin, but there will ultimately be a transaction fee of approximately 1 bit cent per transaction to ensure faster transaction execution.

No hidden costs: As a means of payment from A to B, Bitcoin has no cumbersome limits and procedures. You can make the payment by knowing the other party's Bitcoin address.

Cross-platform mining: Users can explore the computing power of different hardware on many platforms.

Advantages

Completely decentralized. Without an issuing agency, it is impossible to control the issuance quantity. Its issuance and circulation are realized through the open source p2p algorithm.

Anonymous, tax-free, and regulatory-free.

Robustness. Bitcoin completely relies on the p2p network and has no issuance center, so the outside world cannot shut it down. The price of Bitcoin may fluctuate and collapse, and many governments may declare it illegal, but Bitcoin and Bitcoin’s huge p2p network will not disappear.

Borderless, cross-border. Cross-border remittances will pass through layers of foreign exchange control agencies, and transaction records will be recorded by multiple parties. But if you use Bitcoin to trade, you can directly enter the digital address, click the mouse, and wait for the p2p network to confirm the transaction, and a large amount of money will be gone. without anyNo regulatory agency will leave any cross-border transaction records.

It is difficult for copycats to survive. Since the Bitcoin algorithm is completely open source, anyone can download the source code, modify some parameters, and recompile it to create a new p2p currency. However, these counterfeit currencies are fragile and extremely susceptible to 51% attacks. Any individual or organization, as long as it controls 51% of the computing power of a p2p currency network, can manipulate transactions and currency values ​​at will, which will cause a devastating blow to the p2p currency. Many altcoins fail at this point. The Bitcoin network is already robust enough. If you want to control 51% of the computing power of the Bitcoin network, the number of CPU/GPU required will be an astronomical number.

Disadvantages

Fragility of the trading platform. The Bitcoin network is robust, but Bitcoin trading platforms are fragile. The trading platform is usually a website, and the website can be hacked or shut down by the authorities.

Transaction confirmation takes a long time. When a Bitcoin wallet is first installed, it will take a lot of time to download historical transaction data blocks. When doing Bitcoin transactions, in order to confirm the accuracy of the data, it will take some time to interact with the p2p network. The transaction will not be completed until the entire network confirms it.

Prices are extremely volatile. Due to the involvement of a large number of speculators, the price of converting Bitcoin to cash has fluctuated like a roller coaster. Making Bitcoin more suitable for speculation rather than anonymous transactions.

The public does not understand the principles, and there is resistance from traditional financial practitioners. Active netizens understand the principles of p2p networks and know that Bitcoin cannot be manipulated and controlled by humans. But the public doesn’t understand, and many people can’t even tell the difference between Bitcoin and Q Coin. “No issuer” is the advantage of Bitcoin, but in the eyes of traditional financial practitioners, currency “without an issuer” is worthless. [12]

Currency trading listening to voice

Purchase method

Users can buy Bitcoin, and they can also use computers to perform a large number of calculations according to algorithms to " Mining” Bitcoin. When a user "mines" Bitcoin, he or she needs to use a computer to search for a 64-bit number, and then compete with other gold diggers by repeatedly solving puzzles to provide the Bitcoin network with the required number. If the user's computer successfully creates A set of numbers, then you will get 25 Bitcoins.

Due to the decentralized programming of the Bitcoin system, only 25 Bitcoins can be obtained every 10 minutes, and by 2140, the upper limit of circulating Bitcoins will reach 21 million. In other words, the Bitcoin system is self-sufficient, coded to resist inflation and prevent others from destroying the code.

Transaction method

Bitcoin is electronic cash similar to email. Both parties to the transaction need a "Bitcoin wallet" similar to an email address and a "Bitcoin address" similar to an email address. HeshouJust like sending an email, the remitter pays Bitcoin directly to the other party according to the recipient's address through a computer or smartphone. The following table lists some websites where you can download Bitcoin wallets and addresses for free.

A Bitcoin address is a string of letters and numbers about 33 characters long, always starting with 1 or 3, such as "". Bitcoin software can automatically generate addresses. When generating addresses, there is no need to connect to the Internet to exchange information, and it can be done offline [2]. There are more than 2 Bitcoin addresses available. To put it figuratively, there are about 2 grains of sand in the world. If there is an earth in each grain of sand, then the total number of Bitcoin addresses far exceeds the number of all the sand on all these "earths".

Bitcoin addresses and private keys appear in pairs, and their relationship is like a bank card number and password. A Bitcoin address is like a bank card number used to record how many Bitcoins you have at that address. You can generate a Bitcoin address at will to store Bitcoins. When each Bitcoin address is generated, a corresponding private key for the address will be generated. This private key proves your ownership of the Bitcoins at that address. We can simply understand the Bitcoin address as a bank card number, and the private key of the address as the password of the corresponding bank card number. You can only use the money on your bank card number if you know your bank password. Therefore, please save your address and private key when using a Bitcoin wallet.

After Bitcoin transaction data is packaged into a "data block" or "block", the transaction is initially confirmed. When a block is linked to the previous block, the transaction will be further confirmed. After 6 consecutive block confirmations, the transaction is basically confirmed irreversibly. The Bitcoin peer-to-peer network stores all transaction history in the "blockchain". The blockchain continues to lengthen, and once new blocks are added to the blockchain, they cannot be removed. The blockchain is actually a group of decentralized user-side nodes and a distributed database composed of all participants. It is a record of the history of all Bitcoin transactions. Satoshi Nakamoto predicted that when the amount of data increases, users hope that not all of this data will be stored in their own nodes. To achieve this goal, he introduced a hash function mechanism. In this way, the user terminal will be able to automatically eliminate those parts that it will never use, such as some very early Bitcoin transaction records.

Consumption methods

Many websites for technology players have begun to accept Bitcoin transactions. Including websites such as Mtgox, BTCChina, and some Taobao stores, they can even accept services such as Bitcoin exchange for US dollars and euros. There is no doubt that Bitcoin has become a real currency in circulation, rather than a virtual currency like Tencent Q Coin. There are already specialized third-party Bitcoin payment companies abroad, similar to domestic Alipay, that can provide API interface services.

Money can be usedTo buy Bitcoins, you can also be a miner and "mine" them by using a computer to search for 64-bit numbers. By using computers to repeatedly decrypt, they compete with other gold diggers to provide the Bitcoin network with the numbers it needs. If the computer can successfully create a set of numbers, it will receive 25 Bitcoins. Bitcoin is decentralized and requires a fixed number of Bitcoins to be created per unit of computing time. 25 Bitcoins can be obtained every 10 minutes. By 2140, the upper limit of Bitcoins in circulation will reach 21 million. In other words, the Bitcoin system is self-sufficient, coded to resist inflation and prevent others from sabotaging it.

Payment Case

While being wildly pursued by investors, Bitcoin has been accepted by individual merchants in reality. A restaurant in Beijing has enabled Bitcoin payments. The restaurant in Chaoyang Joy City said it began accepting Bitcoin payments at the end of November 2013. At the end of the meal, consumers transfer a certain amount of Bitcoin to the store's account to complete the payment. The entire process is similar to a bank transfer. The restaurant once settled a meal of 650 yuan with 0.13 Bitcoins. [13]

In January 2014, Overstock began accepting Bitcoin, becoming the first large online retailer to accept Bitcoin. [14]

Bitcoin was created by Satoshi Nakamoto, (almost certainly) a pseudonym. To date, no one has been able to definitively associate Bitcoin with a real person. Or connect a group of people. Satoshi Nakamoto disappeared from the internet in 2011, leaving few clues as to who they might be. Over the years, many people have publicly claimed to be Satoshi, but none have backed up this claim with indisputable facts.

In an early Bitcoin forum, Satoshi said they started working on Bitcoin in 2007, two years before the first block was mined. On January 3, 2009, the first block of the Bitcoin blockchain, the Genesis block, was mined. Satoshi Nakamoto, the miner of the Genesis block, received the first batch of 50 Bitcoins put into circulation. However, the reward for the first block is unpayable because the way Genesis blocks are expressed in the code is a little weird. BitMEX Research published an analysis of Bitcoin’s early mining and concluded that “someone” mined 700,000 Bitcoins. Although many believe it is Satoshi, there is still no official confirmation.

One can only imagine the fame Satoshi Nakamoto would gain if their identities were exposed, not to mention the vast wealth they would collect (although Sato doesn't seem to have spent any of the coins they were supposed to mine). Over time, many people have claimed to be Satoshi, while others have had this claim thrust upon them.

False Claims

One of the most famous examples of someone claiming to be a Satoshi is Craig Wright, Australian scholar. As early as 2015, Wright has repeatedly tried to present to the public indisputable proof that he is the inventor of Bitcoin, but to this day he has been unsuccessful. In fact, his "evidence" turned out to be fake.

Why Satoshi must remain anonymous

Satoshi Nakamoto, the creator of the world’s first decentralized currency, should arguably remain anonymous , because of the nature of their creation. After creating a protocol with no central point of failure, Satoshi may have realized that remaining anonymous might eliminate the last possible central point of failure that Bitcoin could have: the people who created it. Removing a single identity that might be associated with the emergence of Bitcoin removes any single face that might influence the politics, rules, or decisions of the Bitcoin community.

Whoever Satoshi is, they are undoubtedly the geniuses of our time. The Bitcoin protocol provides economic incentives in all the right places, providing a unique solution to the Byzantine Generals' Problem. Satoshi Nakamoto used concepts from cryptography, mathematics, game theory, and economics to create a beautifully designed—and the world’s first—digital scarce asset, Bitcoin.

The inventor of Bitcoin is a Japanese named Satoshi Nakamoto. On January 3, 2009, the world’s first batch of Bitcoins were born, and digital currency was officially born. Digital currency until The price rose rapidly at the end of 2013, from around US$10 in the early stage to more than US$900. In 2016, the popularity of Bitcoin really started, and the price soared, and it was called "digital gold". Why is Bitcoin so valuable?

1. Mining is difficult. Bitcoin mining requires specific calculations, the cost of calculation time is very high, and the initial material investment is also very large.

2. Bitcoin has currency attributes and is trusted by the market. Bitcoin’s encryption algorithm is difficult to crack, ensuring its uniqueness.

3. The Bitcoin trading market is highly transparent, market prices are open and transparent, and circulation and transactions in virtual digital goods are convenient and fast.

4. With the recognition of some countries, some policies issued by the country towards Bitcoin and digital currencies will undoubtedly stimulate the rise of Bitcoin prices.

Things are more valuable when they are scarce. Bitcoin is relatively rare. Currently, it is very difficult to mine comparative coins. The impact of supply and demand, the shortage of supply in the market, etc., have undoubtedly played a big role in the rise in prices. . Friends who buy Bitcoin on trading platforms to earn the price difference need to be cautious.

Bitcoin is a P2Pdigital currency. Peer-to-peer transmission means a decentralized payment system. The concept of Bitcoin was proposed by the Japanese Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. The price of Bitcoin has been unimaginably high since its inception. Why is Bitcoin so valuable?

Let’s briefly talk about it. .

By running a special program, the Bitcoin mining machine can obtain Bitcoins similar to task rewards after the operation. The current output of Bitcoin is very low, about 3,600 new coins are produced every day, and the quantity is limited; the price of Bitcoin mining is high. Since Bitcoin became popular, the price of professional mining machines has dropped from a low price of about 10,000 yuan to the current price. If it is more expensive than 300,000 yuan, it requires a lot of financial resources to invest in equipment in the early stage; the mining time is long, and Bitcoin mining is to go through specific complex calculations, which consumes a very long time; Bitcoin mining machines consume a lot of money, in addition to their own In addition to losses, it also consumes a lot of electricity. The daily power consumption of Bitcoin mining machines can reach 188 million kilowatt hours, which is equivalent to one percent of China's daily power generation. The number of Bitcoins is still increasing, and some institutions estimate that the electricity consumption of Bitcoin mining will exceed the electricity consumption of the United States in 2019.

The price of Bitcoin has always been related to the media. I would like to remind everyone that the price of Bitcoin rises quickly and falls quickly. The risk is high. Friends who want to buy Bitcoin to make money must be cautious. join in.

Bitcoin, which has been dormant for many days, has made a comeback with the help of the "ransomware" virus, and started a familiar rampage mode. This virtual currency, called "digital gold", has surged 3 million times in 8 years, and even Chinese aunts have entered the market. Some people think that this is a drum-passing game, some firmly believe that Bitcoin will become a scarce asset, and some even say that it will be a shining node in the long history. Most people do not ask for a deeper understanding, but are just amazed by another round of wealth explosion.

Who do you think created Bitcoin? There has never been a conclusion about the inventor of Bitcoin. The common theory is that the Japanese "Satoshi Nakamoto" (Satoshi Nakamoto). On January 3, 2009, the world's first batch of Bitcoins were "mined". This digital currency designed by a person codenamed "Satoshi Nakamoto" was officially born. Since that moment, 15 people have successively Suspected to be "Satoshi Nakamoto". In 2014, the authoritative American media revealed that the Japanese-American physicist whose real name was "Satoshi Nakamoto" was the legendary "Father of Bitcoin", but the old professor firmly denied it. The picture shows Satoshi Nakamoto, who made a rare appearance, being besieged by the media, constantly blocking the camera and denying any connection with Bitcoin.

In May 2016, Australian engineer and entrepreneur Craig Wright publicly stated that he was the creator of Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto. But just a few days later, White himself "surrendered" and issued an apology letter saying that he "could not produce key evidence" to prove hisHas. Although Satoshi Nakamoto was nominated as a candidate for the 2016 Nobel Prize in Economics, his true identity has not yet been completely unveiled. Picture: BBC (from: Tencent Pictures)

After getting involved with Bitcoin, Craig White was targeted by the police. The picture shows the Australian Federal Police and tax officials searching White's residence and office. The latter's Bitcoin-related business has tax issues. According to media reports, the mysterious figure "Satoshi Nakamoto" holds more than 1 million Bitcoins. Based on the current price of 15,000 yuan each, his worth exceeds 15 billion yuan. According to the original strict design, the total number of Bitcoins was limited to 21 million, and currently about 14 million have been mined. Picture: Reuters

Satoshi Nakamoto, his true identity is unknown

『四』Who invented Bitcoin

The inventor of Bitcoin lives in Many media blocked the home of Satoshi Nakamoto in California, USA, but he denied having anything to do with Bitcoin. On April 26, 2011, Bitcoin founder Satoshi Nakamoto sent his last email to other developers, in which he made it clear that he had "moved to other projects" while handing over The encryption key he uses to send alerts across the network. Fast forward to 2021, and the Bitcoin story is in many ways just beginning. As the price of Bitcoin breaks through a new high of $60,000, the necessity of Satoshi Nakamoto's creation of a digital currency that is not controlled by any central party or government is increasingly recognized.
Extended information: Bitcoin is an electronic cryptocurrency that uses blockchain as the basis of payment technology and adopts the characteristics of decentralization, globalization, and no need for third-party institutions or individuals. Created on the basis of a borderless peer-to-peer network and the invention of open source software by consensus initiatives, Bitcoin (pseudonym) is the ancestor of cryptocurrencies and blockchain and is currently the most popular cryptocurrency. Everyone can participate in Bitcoin activity and it can be distributed through computer operations called "mining." To avoid inflation, the number of Bitcoin protocols is capped at 21 million. Using Bitcoin as the private key for digital signatures allows individuals to pay others directly without going through third-party institutions, such as banks, clearing centers, securities dealers, etc., thus avoiding high handling fees, cumbersome procedures and regulatory issues.
There have been many attempts over the years to recast Satoshi Nakamoto as someone only interested in disrupting banking or payments, and most people have been concerned about the piece of news that was printed on the first block of the Bitcoin blockchain The article has its own interpretation. But even without looking directly at the code, some of Satoshi Nakamoto's initial public information directly related to currency issuance issues.
In February 2009, he wrote on the P2P Foundation Forum: "The fundamental problem with traditional currency is all the trust required to make it work. People have to trust the central bank not to devalue the currency, but the history of fiat currencies is fraught with breach of trustCase. We have to trust banks to hold our money and transfer it electronically, but instead they loaned out money on the wave of the credit bubble with very few reserves. "
He described it this way in another of his earliest replies: "As for the issue of secure electronic payment protocols, it is true that no one can play the role of a central bank or the Federal Reserve and adjust the money supply as the number of users grows. ”

『五』What is the development process of blockchain applications

The development process of blockchain can be divided into three stages. Blockchain Science Institute Founder Melanie Swann, in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction", divides the application development of blockchain into three stages: Blockchain 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 .

1. Blockchain 1.0 Cryptocurrency Era (2008-2013)

In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto first proposed the concepts of Bitcoin and blockchain. In January 2009, the first blockchain came out. At this stage, people paid more attention to cryptocurrency transactions, and blockchain was only used as the underlying technology and acted as a "public ledger".
< br />2. Blockchain 2.0 Smart Contract Era (2014-2017)

In 2014, "Blockchain 2.0" became synonymous with decentralized blockchain databases. At this stage, people Mainly focusing on the application of the platform. Anyone can upload and execute smart contracts on the blockchain, and will automatically receive rewards after execution. Since this transaction process does not require any intermediary, people's privacy is greatly protected.

3. Blockchain 3.0 Large-Scale Application Era (2018-)

At this stage, people began to build a completely decentralized data network. Blockchain technology Applications are no longer limited to the economic field, but have expanded to art, law, real estate, hospitals, human resources and other fields.

『Lu』 What has Bitcoin experienced from its birth to now?

< p>Many people know that Bitcoin is a crypto asset that has become a household name due to its high hype value. The founder of Bitcoin is called Satoshi Nakamoto. On November 1, 2008, a person claiming to be Satoshi Nakamoto He stated his new vision for electronic assets on a very secretive cryptography comment group. Then Bitcoin was born. Over the years, Bitcoin has now developed into one of the most valuable crypto assets.

Satoshi Nakamoto published a paper titled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" in 2008, describing in detail how to create a decentralized electronic transaction system, and this The system does not need to be based on mutual trust between transaction parties. In 2009 heDeveloped the first client program that implemented the Bitcoin algorithm and conducted the first mining, obtaining the first batch of 50 Bitcoins, which also marked the official birth of the Bitcoin financial system. Bitcoin is an encrypted asset based on decentralization, using peer-to-peer network and consensus initiative, open source code, and using blockchain as the underlying technology. The biggest difference from other encrypted assets is that its quantity is limited and scarcity.

With the changes in various economic policies and the rapid development of blockchain technology this year, in particular, Bitcoin has been recognized by more and more countries. Therefore, a large number of Bitcoin investors have chosen long-term Hold, this is also because more and more information and predictions show that Bitcoin still has huge upside potential. Tesla said it believes in the long-term potential of crypto assets as investment products and liquid alternatives to cash. “As with any other investment, we may increase or decrease our holdings in crypto assets at any time based on business needs and our perception of market and environmental conditions. It is important to note that the market prices of crypto assets are constantly fluctuating, so when we want to When you want or need to cash out, the price is not necessarily very friendly.

『撒』 Energy Blockchain Research丨The Development Process of Bitcoin Mining

Bitcoin has not yet developed to growth period, but as Bitcoin mining begins to accelerate, the industry is poised to grow significantly.

In October 2008, when Satoshi Nakamoto published a white paper detailing how to create a new monetary system, no one It is expected that in less than 13 years, the market value of Bitcoin will soar to 850 billion US dollars. In addition, Bitcoin has also spawned thousands of other types of cryptocurrencies, formed an entire financial services industry, and developed Becoming a new asset class that revolutionizes money as we know it.

Our company has been mining Bitcoin for seven years and driving the industry's growth and adaptation. Below we We will introduce some little-known development processes of Bitcoin mining and some trends that have a significant impact on the industry.

The emergence of Bitcoin mining

Bitcoin is a way to A centralized monetary system, which functions like gold, is a limited commodity with a store of value. This means that Bitcoin has a limited supply, with only 21 million Bitcoins currently in existence, making it less susceptible to inflation. Think. People who want to use Bitcoin do not need to be subject to government oversight that has the power to change its value or determine users’ rights to use it.

So where does Bitcoin itself come from? Like gold, Bitcoin must be mined to Obtained, but mined not with picks and shovels but with computers.

Bitcoin is based on blockchain technology. Miners around the world compete to solve an algorithm in order to be able to mine it in the area. A block is added to the blockchain. The first person to solve the algorithm can receive a fixed reward for the block's transaction fees and new coin issuance (currently 6.25 Bitcoins per block), which will increaseBitcoin circulation.

When Bitcoin was first created, mining was so easy that miners could mine from their kitchens using laptops equipped with standard central processing units. However, as more and more miners join, the competition for solving the problem becomes more and more fierce, which also means that miners need stronger data processing capabilities and newer hardware equipment. In order to efficiently run more powerful computers, the price of electricity began to be taken into account. Soon, due to the fierce competition in mining, individual mining was no longer profitable.

The birth of a multi-billion dollar industry

To be profitable, mining operations must be scaled up. Currently, new mining-specific hardware has appeared on the market, and miners have installed mining machines in trailers and warehouses so that large mining farms with thousands of mining machines can solve algorithm problems around the clock. Driven by the operational demands of large-scale mine operations, including layout and design, energy, software management, and hardware updates, Bitcoin mining has rapidly grown into a multi-billion dollar industry.

A report from ARK Invest shows that the cost of hardware to support the ecosystem is approximately $7.2 billion. Additionally, the report states, “Since the advent of Bitcoin-specific hardware in 2013, we believe there have been Billions of dollars were spent on design, production, and tape-out, spawning an industry dedicated to manufacturing this powerful and specialized hardware.

Bitcoin mining is complex but highly profitable. . Ark Investment estimates that miners can earn $15 billion in revenue from transaction fees and fixed Bitcoin rewards.

Competition spawns new hardware

Competition for Bitcoin mining It continues to intensify, but because Bitcoin is a finite commodity, the competition for mining is also limited. This means that the mining operation needs to run as fast as possible with high performance, so as to obtain rewards.

As the increasingly fierce competition in Bitcoin mining increased the requirements for computing power, the mining competition also became a competition for graphics cards, which are hardware that gamers usually use in high-end games. Later, application-specific integrated circuits Gradually replacing graphics cards, this is a type of hardware specifically used to mine cryptocurrency. It is the fastest and most efficient hardware in Bitcoin mining and is currently only used in mining.

But the hardware Relying on chips, although chip technology continues to accelerate, the supply of chips still exceeds demand. This means that mining operations need to be planned and upgraded in advance, and the necessary hardware is often sold out. For example, Bitmain is facing a shortage recently.

New technologies are most likely to be profitable

Similarly, Bitcoin mining needs to keep up with the pace of technological development and make mining hardware bigger, better, and faster, because once the efficiency lags, it will cause profits Damage. Today, technology continues to outpace innovation, so mining not only needs to keep up with purchasing new hardware, but also needs to install new hardware quickly.hardware. This is because time is of the essence and even a delay of a few days can cause serious losses, so many mining operations (such as our company's mining) rent Boeing 747s to reduce shipping time.

The number of Western miners is increasing

For a long time, more than half of the world's mining energy has come from China, mainly because it is cheaper to set up factories in China and transportation is faster. But as China steps up its crackdown on Bitcoin mining, those advantages are disappearing. According to Wired magazine, “the geography of Bitcoin mining may be changing,” with the business moving toward North America, Europe, and Latin America. Miners also plan to look for mining sites in places such as the Nordic countries, Canada and the United States, which have abundant sources of cheap, sustainable energy such as wind, solar and hydropower.

The Future of Bitcoin

Although Bitcoin has seen a lot of volatility recently (which is nothing new), the future of Bitcoin is bright and its value will continue to rise and will Attract new investors. As more people begin to understand Bitcoin, its origins and how it is mined, people will also find more value in Bitcoin.

『8』 After the global financial crisis, Satoshi Nakamoto proposed the concept of Bitcoin. What is its development history?

The development history of Bitcoin is very bumpy, but it is also very legendary. .

The main reason why I say this is because Bitcoin itself does not have any investment value, and almost all investment institutions do not recognize the value of Bitcoin. Under this situation, because Bitcoin itself has a relatively good wealth-creating effect, many retail investors may choose to invest blindly, which further pushes up the price of Bitcoin. During this process, the price of Bitcoin has even skyrocketed by more than 100,000 times.

Bitcoin itself was born after the financial crisis.

The reason why there are investment products like Bitcoin is mainly because of the global financial crisis. After the financial crisis, a person named Satoshi Nakamoto invented the concept of Bitcoin. At the beginning, almost no one recognized Bitcoin, and Bitcoin at that time did not have any actual benchmark price. When an American netizen exchanged Du Wanmei's Bitcoin for a pizza, Bitcoin generated so-called financial value for the first time.

『九』 How did Bitcoin originate and what are its attributes

Bitcoin first originated from an article on the Internet called "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Currency System". In 2008, at the time of the global economic crisis, the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States swept the world, leading to a global economic recession. In November of the same year, an anonymous person named Satoshi Nakamoto published his idea for electronic currency on the Internet, and proposed the concept of Bitcoin for the first time, trying to build a payment network with the help of blockchain technology in order to achieve payment decentralization. Centralized functionality. Based on Satoshi Nakamoto’s ideas, Bitcoin was created on January 3, 2009The world block was officially born.

『Shi』 Do you know the three important stages in the history of blockchain development?

As blockchain technology becomes increasingly mature, blockchain Chain technology has achieved significant results in the financial field. Whether they are investors, practitioners in related financial fields, or technology practitioners, they are all very concerned about blockchain. Many people or platforms have begun to devote themselves wholeheartedly to it, using blockchain technology to create a new financial system, and have achieved impressive results.

If you have studied blockchain, maybe you have a deeper understanding of blockchain. Since the birth of blockchain, in terms of applications, It has gone through three stages of change. There have been important developments and inventions at every stage of blockchain technology, and blockchain technology has only existed for a small portion of the Internet's time, so there are likely still important developments to come.

The first technical stage

Bitcoin has been running since 2019. The main technology supporting the Bitcoin system includes hashing Technologies such as functions, distributed ledgers, blockchain, asymmetric encryption, and workload proof constitute the initial version of the blockchain.

At present, blockchain technology is not yet mature, the conservative tendency within many organizations is still obvious, and the use of centralized technology and processes in the market to make profits Intermediaries that collect revenue, equipment providers are also hyping up the concerns it may bring.

Second market phase

In early 2013, the price of Bitcoin began rise. In November of the same year, a U.S. Senate hearing clarified the legality of Bitcoin, and the price of Bitcoin rose sharply. But at this time, the blockchain has not yet reached the mainstream social and economic foundation, but its price has risen beyond expectations. At this time, the market opened up the visibility of Bitcoin and blockchain, but despite this, they still did not gain universal acceptance to a certain extent.

The third mainstream stage

Bitcoin, which is an alternative to the mainstream economy, began to recover. Market demand increased and transaction scale expanded rapidly. It also opened up the bull market of 2016-2017. . The enrichment effect of Bitcoin and the spillover effect caused by the congestion of the Bitcoin network have led to the explosive and crazy growth of other virtual currencies and various blockchain applications. At this time, it triggered a crazy global pursuit to make Bitcoin and blockchain a complete global vision.

In 2020, although the epidemic dealt an important blow to our economy, Bitcoin and blockchainThe hot development of chains tells us that they are creating opportunities and driving related developments. Just like the recent price of Bitcoin is close to 30,000 US dollars, such a market has brought surprises to many people, and it has also promoted the development of exchanges. After all, exchanges are the only way to buy Bitcoins. Its popularity is also It has brought good profits to exchanges, such as Huobi and Saturn Exchange, which have refreshed their historical trading volumes many times due to this bull market. In fact, no matter which industry develops, it will always drive multiple industries. After all, many things are always closely related.