区块链算力的概念是什么,区块链算力的概念和特点

区块链算力是指区块链系统中节点计算机的总处理能力，是区块链网络安全性和稳定性的重要指标。它是比特币和其他区块链应用的基础，也是区块链系统的核心技术。本文将介绍区块链算力的概念及其相关关键词，包括：矿工、挖矿和拜占庭容错。

矿工是区块链系统中的重要角色，他们负责挖掘新的区块，确认交易，并维护区块链的安全。矿工依靠自己的计算能力来完成挖矿，从而获取比特币或其他加密货币作为报酬。矿工可以是个人，也可以是联合组织，他们利用自己的硬件设备，如GPU、FPGA和ASIC，来提高计算能力，以获得更多的收益。

挖矿是指矿工利用自己的计算能力来挖掘新的区块，以获得比特币或其他加密货币作为报酬。挖矿的过程是一个竞争性的过程，矿工们需要把自己的计算能力用于解决数学难题，第一个解决难题的矿工将获得报酬。挖矿的过程也会消耗大量的能源，因此，矿工的计算能力越强，挖矿的成本也会越低。

拜占庭容错是区块链系统中一种特殊的容错机制，它可以确保系统在存在故障的情况下仍然可以正常运行。拜占庭容错是一种分布式容错机制，它可以确保系统中的节点可以在存在部分故障的情况下正常工作。拜占庭容错的实现需要大量的计算能力，因此，区块链系统的算力越强，拜占庭容错的可用性也会更高。

以上就是区块链算力的概念及其相关关键词：矿工、挖矿和拜占庭容错的介绍。区块链算力是区块链系统的核心技术，是保障区块链系统安全性和稳定性的重要指标，因此，加强区块链算力的研究和开发，将有助于推动区块链的发展。

Ⅰ What is super computing power

Computing power can be understood as computing power, that is, the computing power of CPU, GPU and other hardware used for data computing. Currently, it is generally used to measure the computing speed of virtual currency mining machines. Super computing power refers to the integration and management of idle computing power scattered on the world's network, and aggregation into ultra-high-performance computing service capabilities. It can be simply understood as a shared version of distributed cloud computing or a shared version of a supercomputer.

Ⅱ What is the concept of blockchain

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is a centralized database. Information will generate data through point-to-point transmission and encryption. Block, data block will contain Bitcoin transaction information, and is also used to verify the authenticity of its information. Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. It has the characteristics of "unforgeable", "leaving traces throughout the entire process", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collective maintenance". On January 10, 2019, the Cyberspace Administration of China issued the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations".

Bitcoin is a virtual currency. It was proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto on November 1, 2008, and was officially born on January 3, 2009. The total number is only 21 million. Its characteristics include decentralization ization, low transaction fees, global circulation, no hidden costs, exclusive ownership, cross-platform mining, etc.

Bitcoin supports global 7*24 transactions. The price fluctuates greatly, and ordinary investors simply do not have so much funds for trading. The key is that many investors have difficulty grasping the price of Bitcoin. The sale and purchase of Bitcoin is not allowed in the country, but users can follow its trend online and know the price of Bitcoin.

Ⅲ In the blockchain, what is a 51% computing power attack?

In the Bitcoin white paper, there is such a statement: the sum of the computing power controlled by honest nodes is greater than that of a cooperative relationship The system is safe if the sum of the attacker's computing power.

In other words, when the computing power controlled by malicious nodes that have a cooperative relationship in the system exceeds the computing power controlled by honest nodes, the system is at risk of being attacked. This kind of attack initiated by a malicious node controlling more than 50% of the computing power is called a 51% attack.

Are all cryptocurrency systems at risk of a 51% computing power attack? In fact, it is not true. Only cryptocurrencies based on the PoW (Proof of Work) consensus mechanism are subject to 51% computing power attacks, such as Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, and the current Ethereum. Cryptocurrencies that are not PoW consensus algorithms are There is no 51% computing power attack, such as EOS, TRON, etc. based on the DPoS (Delegated Proof of Stake) consensus mechanism.

After learning about the 51% computing power attack, you must be curious about what bad things this attack can do.

1. Double Spending. Double spending means that a piece of "money" is spent twice or even multiple times.

How does the 51% computing power attack achieve double spending? Assume that Xiao Hei has 666 BTC. He pays Dabai these coins and also sends these coins to another wallet address of his. In other words, Xiao Hei's share of money is transferred to two people at the same time. In the end, the transaction sent to Dabai was confirmed first and packaged in a block with a block height of N.

At this time, Xiaohei, who controlled more than 50% of the computing power, launched a 51% computing power attack. By reassembling the Nth block, he packaged the transaction sent to him into the block, and continued to extend the blocks on this chain. Due to the advantage of computing power, this volume will become the longest legal chain. In this way, Xiao Hei successfully double spent 666 BTC, and the 666 BTC in Da Bai's wallet "disappeared".

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IV What is the concept of blockchain

Concept: Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

The essence of the blockchain is a distributed public ledger. Anyone can verify this ledger, but no single user can control it. Participants in a blockchain system jointly maintain a ledger: it can only be modified according to strict rules and consensus.

The development of blockchain has gone through three stages:

1. Incubation period: 2009-2012, the economic form was dominated by Bitcoin and its industrial ecology.

2. Embryonic period: The period is from 2012 to 2015. Blockchain entered the public eye with Bitcoin, new wallet payment and remittance companies appeared, and the blockchain economy spread to the financial field. The underlying technology of blockchain continues to innovate. Blockchain technology is divorced from the Bitcoin system.

3. Development period: In 2016, industry applications began to be explored, and a large number of blockchain startups emerged. The popularity of ICO in 2017 brought unprecedented attention to blockchain.

(4) Extended reading on the concept of blockchain computing power:

Three special disadvantages of three blockchains:

1. The core idea of ​​the blockchain is decentralization: in the blockchain system, the rights and obligations between any nodes are equal, and all nodes have the ability to vote with computing power, thus It is guaranteed that the recognized result is the result recognized by more than half of the nodes. Right nowEven if it suffers a serious hacker attack, as long as the number of nodes controlled by the hacker does not exceed half of the total number of global nodes, the system will still be able to operate normally and the data will not be tampered with.

2. The biggest disruption of blockchain lies in the establishment of credit: in theory, blockchain technology can make WeChat Pay and Alipay no longer valuable. "The Economist" gave a vivid metaphor to the blockchain: simply put, it is "a machine that creates trust." Blockchain allows people to collaborate without trusting each other and without a neutral central authority. Combating counterfeit currency and financial fraud will no longer be needed in the future.

3. The collective maintenance of blockchain can reduce costs: In a centralized network system, the maintenance and operation of the system rely on the operation, maintenance and operation of platforms such as data centers, and the cost of failure cannot be omitted. Anyone can participate in the nodes of the blockchain. While participating in the recording, each node also verifies the correctness of the recording results of other nodes, which improves maintenance efficiency and reduces costs.

In one sentence, blockchain touches money, trust and power, which are the fundamental foundations on which human beings rely for survival.

IV Summary of general concepts of blockchain

Although I am a front-end developer, it cannot stop me from gossiping about various hot topics. Below is a brief summary of some of the conceptual things learned.

1. Blockchain technology was born with Bitcoin, so first understand the concept of Bitcoin

2. What is Bitcoin

(1) , Digital currency based on distributed network

3. Operating principle of bit system

(1) All nodes will save complete ledgers

(2 ), the ledger maintains consistency

4. Blockchain accounting principles

Hash functions are widely used in blockchain technology

(1), Hash function hash: any information will get a short summary information after hashing

(2), hash characteristics: simplified information, identification information, hidden information, verification information

(3) Blockchain accounting will hash the bill information of the time node to form a block

(4) The Bitcoin system will record accounting once every 10 minutes, that is, every The time interval between block generation is about 10 minutes

(5) When recording the next bill, the hash value of the previous block and the current bill information will be hashed together as the original information

(6). Each block contains information about previous blocks, and these blocks are combined to form a blockchain

5. Bitcoin ownership-non-Symmetric encryption applications

The Bitcoin system uses the elliptic curve signature algorithm. The private key of the algorithm consists of a 32-byte random number. The public key can be calculated through the private key. The public key undergoes a sequence of hashes. Algorithms and encoding algorithms yield Bitcoin addresses, which can also be understood as the digest of the public key.

(1). Transfer is to transfer Bitcoin from one address to another

(2). The address private key is an asymmetric relationship. The private key passes through a series of (including two hashes), you can get the address, but the private key cannot be obtained from the address

(3) After the transfer is successful, it is broadcast to other nodes, and other nodes forward it to the relevant node after successful verification. Neighboring nodes, the broadcast information contains the original information and signature information

(4) Verification, other nodes verify whether the signature information is generated by the payer using the private key to sign the original transaction information. If It is recorded (then verify that there is sufficient balance)

6. How to mine Bitcoin

(1) Nodes that complete accounting can obtain a certain number of bits given by the system Coin rewards (this reward process is also the issuance process of Bitcoin, so everyone calls bookkeeping mining)

(2) Only one person can successfully bookkeeping within a period of time, so it is necessary to collect Collect the original transaction information, check whether there is a balance and correct signature

(3) In order to improve the difficulty of accounting, only one person can do accounting in about ten minutes. The hash result needs to start with several 0s, and Introduce random number variables when hashing

(4) As more miners join, the game becomes more and more difficult, the calculation difficulty increases, and the power loss increases. Domestic electricity costs are low, and China The computing power accounts for more than half of the entire network

(5). Only the fastest decrypted block in the network will be added to the ledger, and other nodes will copy it to ensure the uniqueness of the ledger. If a node cheats and causes the entire network to fail, it will be discarded and never recorded in the general ledger. Therefore all nodes will abide by the common protocol of the Bitcoin system.

[Thinking about which fields blockchain will extend to]:

From the above concepts, it can be concluded that blockchain technology has such security, uniqueness, Decentralization.

In principle, some information leakage can be avoided, allowing the confirming party to confirm your identity without exposing your real user information.

At present, blockchain technology is mainly used in Bitcoin. I think the greater significance in the future should be in areas that require data privacy and security.

【CloseReflections on the bottlenecks and limitations of the current development of blockchain]:

Since each node participates in the entire ledger recording activity, it will inevitably cause waste and loss of resources. As well as increasing the computational difficulty of each node, subsequent development and popularization require hardware improvements for each node.

VI What is the concept of blockchain? Read it in three minutes!

On October 25, 2019, Xinwen Broadcast sent a very important signal: the country must vigorously develop blockchain. After that, blockchain has become an Internet celebrity, and the figure of "blockchain" is floating in the streets and alleys. In fact, many technology companies have already deployed blockchain technology.

Although blockchain is very popular, many people do not know much about blockchain.

What is blockchain?

Let’s first take a look at how Du Niang explained it. Network display: Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms.

Why is blockchain called blockchain?

The blockchain is linked by blocks one by one, and the blocks are storage units one by one, which record the communication information of each block node. The blocks are much like the records of the database. Writing data every time creates a block. With the expansion of information exchange, one block continues with another, and the result is called a blockchain.

What are the characteristics of blockchain?

Blockchain mainly has the following characteristics:

1. Decentralization: In the blockchain system, every node has equal rights. and obligations, there is no central control here. Decentralization has well established trust relationships with each other. Although there is no central management organization, people can collaborate with each other and trust each other. This mainly applies blockchain distributed ledger technology.

2. Openness: Blockchain data is open to everyone. Except for some encrypted information that is not open, everyone can check the data here.

3. Independence: The entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties. All nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system without any human intervention.

4. Security: Blockchain has a certain degree of security and cannot be tampered with. Because everyone in the blockchain system has the same ledger, if someone wants to tamper with it, it is possible to forge a non-existent record only if they control more than 51% of the accounting nodes. Of course, this is basically impossible. This is mainly due to the core technology of the blockchain: the consensus mechanism. The consensus mechanism has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal".

5. Anonymity: Many people think that if the blockchain is so open and transparent, will we lose privacy? In fact, no, although the transaction information in the blockchain is open and transparent, the identity information of the account is encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization.

Now let me tell you a story to help you better understand the blockchain.

There are three people in the family, mom, dad, older brother and younger brother. Last year, my father was in charge of the family's account books. He was responsible for all the family's income and expenses alone.

However, on the day of Double Eleven, my mother, who has always been frugal, wanted to buy herself a beautiful piece of clothing on a certain online store. When she checked the account book, she found something was wrong. It stands to reason that except for some money deposited in banks and financial management, the whereabouts of the daily consumption money at home are all in this account book, but no matter how you look at it, it is wrong. Some consumption is clearly not recorded, but is recorded.

Later, my father took the initiative to confess that he couldn’t help but buy a pack of cigarettes.

Later, my mother changed her strategy and the whole family kept accounts. Everyone recorded their monthly consumption expenditure in their own account books. Whenever there was a transaction or consumption at home, my mother would shout, "Book it," and everyone would record the transaction in their own books. This is the decentralized accounting model, where everyone is the center and everyone has a ledger.

The previous accounting model for dad was centralized accounting. If dad wanted to do something alone, it would be difficult for anyone to see it. The decentralized accounting model has solved the problem of centralization very well. The disadvantage of bookkeeping is that it is very difficult for dad to tamper with the books.

For example, if my father wants to take some money from the ledger and secretly buy cigarettes, the amount of money is limited, and if he wants to take the money, he has to change the ledger, but he only tampered with his own ledger. No, he had to change the accounts of three people including himself. And this is undoubtedly more difficult than reaching the sky.

So, many times my father had the idea of ​​smoking, but he had no choice but to give up the idea due to the current situation.

Are blockchain and Bitcoin the same thing?

In fact, blockchain and Bitcoin are not the same thing. It is just the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Bitcoin is the first digital currency applied by blockchain.

In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto first proposed the concept of blockchain. In the following years, it became a core component of the electronic currency Bitcoin, serving as a public account book for all transactions. Blockchain was first applied to Bitcoin.

The origin of blockchain is to solve the problem of trust, and one of the most successful applications of blockchain is digital currency. Bitcoin is arguably the most successful application of blockchain so far.

What are the applications of blockchain?

The application of blockchain is actually very wide. In addition to digital currency, the future applications of Bitcoin are still very extensive. Blockchain technology has been widely used in different industries. Such as product traceability, copyright protection and transactions, payment and settlement, Internet of Things, digital marketing, medical care, etc., promoting different industries to quickly enter the "blockchain+" era.

1. Payment and clearing: Blockchain can abandon the role of transit banks, realize point-to-point payment, reduce transit fees, and accelerate fund utilization.

2. Product traceability: For example, if we buy a piece of clothing on a certain store, we can see the past and present life of this piece of clothing.

3. Securities trading: Traditional securities trading requires the coordination of four major institutions, which is inefficient and costly. Blockchain technology can independently complete one-stop services.

4. Supply chain: Introducing blockchain technology into the supply chain system, synchronizing information within the system can control all links, better complete division of labor and collaboration, and facilitate subsequent accountability.

5. Intellectual property rights: With copyright on the chain, our photographic works, musical works, literary works, etc. will become our information, and the ownership of the information will be confirmed and become our property.

VII What is the concept of blockchain

Literally understood, blockchain includes two concepts: block and chain. The blockchain itself is composed of blocks, and the network built by linking different nodes together is the blockchain. The main function of the blockchain is to store information. Any information that needs to be saved can be written to the blockchain or read from it.

Each block stores: some valid record or transaction; information involving the block; links to the previous block and the next block through the hash of each block - which can be considered a block The unique code of the fingerprint.

Each block therefore has a specific and immovable position within the chain, as each block contains information from the hash of the previous block. The entire chain is stored in every network node that makes up the blockchain, so an exact copy of the chain is stored among all network participants.

Uses

Essentially, blockchain can be used to store any type of information that must remain intact and be more secure than going through a middleman. , decentralized and cheaper ways remain available. Additionally, since the stored information is encrypted, its confidentiality is guaranteed as only those with the encryption key can access it.

Using blockchain in healthcare. For example, health records can be consolidated and stored on the blockchain. This means that every patient's medical history is secure and, at the same time, available to every authorized doctor, regardless of the health center where the patient received treatment. Even the pharmaceutical industry could use this technology to authenticate medicines and prevent counterfeiting.

Blockchain is also very useful for managing digital assets and documents. The problem with digitization so far has been that everything is easily copied, but Blockchain allows you to record purchases, deeds, documents or any other type of online asset without it being counterfeited.

What is Ⅷ computing power?

It is a unit of measurement of the processing power of the Bitcoin network, that is, the speed at which the computer calculates the hash function and outputs rotten tomatoes.

Computing power (also known as hash rate) is a measure of the Bitcoin network’s processing power. That is the speed at which the computer (CPU) calculates the output of the hash function. The Bitcoin network must perform intensive mathematical and cryptography-related operations for security purposes. For example, when a network reaches a hashrate of 10Th/s, it means it can perform 10 trillion calculations per second.

In the process of obtaining Bitcoin through "mining", we need to find its corresponding solution m, and for any sixty-four-bit hash value, we need to find its solution m, There is no fixed algorithm, and it can only rely on random hash collisions by the computer. The number of hash collisions a mining machine can do per second is the representative of its "computing power". The unit is written as hash/s. This is the so-called workload proof. Mechanism POW (Proof Of Work).

Basic concepts

A few days ago, the computing power of the entire Bitcoin network has fully entered the era of P computing power (1P=1024T, 1T=1024G, 1G=1024M , 1M=1024k), in the environment of continuously soaring computing power, the arrival of the P era means that Bitcoin has entered a new arms race stage.

Computing power is a measure of the total computing power of a unit that generates new blocks under a certain network consumption. The individual blockchain for each coin changes with the time it takes to generate a new block of transactions.

Ⅸ Popular explanation of what blockchain is

Question 1: What is blockchain and can it be explained in popular terms? Explain the principle of 10-point blockchain in easy-to-understand language: decentralized distributed accounting system
The core of blockchain technology is that all currently participating nodes jointly maintain transactions and databases, which makes transactions based on cryptography The principle is not based on trust, so that any two parties who reach an agreement can directly conduct payment transactions without the participation of a third party.
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Technically speaking, a block is a data structure that records transactions, reflecting the flow of funds for a transaction. The blocks of transactions that have been reached in the system are connected together to form a main chain, and all nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain. A block contains the following three parts: transaction information, hash hash formed by the previous block, and random number. Transaction information is the task data carried by the block, specifically including the private keys of both parties to the transaction, the number of transactions, the digital signature of electronic currency, etc.; the hash formed by the previous block is used to connect the blocks to realize the process.Arrange in the order of transactions; random numbers are the core of transaction completion. All miner nodes compete to calculate the answer to the random number. The node that gets the answer the fastest generates a new block and broadcasts it to all nodes for update, thus completing a transaction. .
1.1 What is Blockchain
Blockchain (BlockChain) refers to a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database through decentralization and trustlessness. This technical solution mainly allows any number of nodes participating in the system to associate and generate a series of data blocks (blocks) using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a certain period of time, and generates The data fingerprint is used to verify the validity of its information and chain to the next database block.
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In layman’s terms, blockchain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting. Behind all systems there is a database, which is a big ledger. Then who will keep this ledger becomes very important. At present, it is whoever owns the system who keeps the accounts. Each bank’s account books are kept by each bank, and Alipay’s account books are kept by Alibaba. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. If there are new transaction data changes within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can do accounting. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period, write the recorded content to the ledger, and Send the contents of the ledger during this period to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete ledger. Therefore, this data becomes very safe. A tamperer needs to modify more than half of the system node data at the same time to truly tamper with the data. Such tampering would be extremely costly, making it nearly impossible. For example, Bitcoin has been running for more than 7 years. Countless hackers around the world have tried to attack Bitcoin, but so far there have been no transaction errors. It can be considered that the Bitcoin blockchain has been proven to be a safe and reliable system.
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1.2 Why is there blockchain innovation?
Human beings need to communicate during their activities, and communication is based on information. In the past, information circulation was not convenient enough to satisfy market participants. There is a demand for information, so intermediaries and centers are born. This centralized system has problems such as high cost, low efficiency, value dispersion, "information islands" and insecure data storage. However, due to technical and environmental factors, this system continued to operate for many years until the emergence of the Internet. The starting point of the first generation of the Internet is the TCP/IP protocol, which is an open code that implements a unified format for peer-to-peer transmission of information by all nodes on the network, and brings the basic values ​​of freedom and equality required by a global unified market into programmed, protocol-based, and reliably Execution. The Internet eliminates low-value, high-cost intermediate chains and achieves low-cost and high-efficiency global information transmission in a decentralized manner.
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However, the first generation of the Internet did notThere are credit issues that resolve information. Activities that can be decentralized on the Internet must be activities that do not require credit endorsement, and activities that require credit guarantee must be activities involving centralized third-party intermediaries. Therefore, Internet technology that cannot establish global credit has encountered great obstacles in its progress - people cannot participate in any value exchange activities on the Internet in a decentralized manner. To realize value exchange, people still need third-party intermediaries based on credit (such as banks, clearing agencies, exchanges). The global centralized credit system still has problems such as high operating costs, low efficiency, and vulnerability to attacks and damage. For example, each country's legal currency has different credit values ​​and incompatible clearing systems, which adds a lot of cost to global trade.
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Therefore, what the second generation Internet must break through is: how to establish global credit in a decentralized manner? Let...>>

Question 2: What is blockchain? What does it mean in layman’s terms? What is China’s attitude towards blockchain? What can blockchain do? Blockchain, a great technology that accompanied the birth of Bitcoin, is currently being used in the financial field to significantly reduce transaction costs and improve efficiency, which is enough to excite Wall Street. However, this is just the tip of the iceberg. Its potential applications are very broad and will subvert every aspect of our lives in the future.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. One of the most basic characteristics of Bitcoin is decentralization. In recent months, financial giants have gradually begun to pay attention to Bitcoin's technology and used it in non-monetary fields, such as stock trading, election voting, etc. (1) Art Industry
Artists can use blockchain technology to declare ownership and issue numberable, 100% edition works in digital form for any type of artwork. It even includes a marketplace where artists can buy and sell through their website without the need for any intermediary services.
(2), Real estate industry
Use blockchain technology to solve various problems faced by everyone involved in real estate, including the naming process, land registration, agency intermediaries, etc.
(3), Insurance Industry
The financial industry has always been the most sensitive to advanced technology. Traditional banking and securities industry giants have been involved in the booming blockchain venture capital investment since 2014, with total global investment reaching US$1 billion within two years.
(4) P2P wallet
Personal assets can be traded through this P2P wallet in the future without going through any central institution, such as Bitcoin.
Most blockchains are in their infancy, mainly overseas. There are very few good domestic blockchain projects, so it is not recommended for any non-professionals.People invest in blockchain projects. If you are very interested in blockchain technology and have a technical or financial background, it is recommended that you consider starting a business in this area. In terms of the blockchain protocol system, the lowest layer is the underlying technology of the blockchain, including the technical protocols of the blockchain, as well as some platform routing and basic algorithms; in the middle layer, some application interfaces and some credentials must be solved Issuance and verification, including some industry platform services, big data analysis, etc. This is a very rough classification, and there should be more detailed classifications; the top ones are some applications of blockchain, including finance Some applications and some applications in other aspects, the Internet of Things and so on.
Introduction to Bubi Blockchain
Bubi Blockchain has been focusing on the research and development and innovation of blockchain technology and products since its establishment. It has a number of core technologies and has achieved substantial results in many aspects. Radical innovation has resulted in a number of core technological achievements, such as: mathematically provable distributed consensus technology, fast large-scale ledger access technology, multi-chain general ledger technology that supports business expansion, and interconnection technology between heterogeneous blockchains. wait. On April 25, "Gege Points" introduced the concept of blockchain into the points system, jointly opened it up with multiple parties, issued and redeemed points, and promoted the circulation of points. Each cooperative institution can jointly participate in transaction verification, ledger storage, and real-time settlement; the third-party payment platform of the enterprise points issuer makes the entry and exit of points more flexible. Bubi has developed its own basic blockchain service platform, which has been applied in equity, supply chain, points, credit and other fields. Bubi has been committed to building an open value circulation network with decentralized trust as the core, allowing digital assets to flow freely.
A simple understanding of blockchain is a technology at the bottom of Bitcoin, which is also a peer-to-peer electronic cash system that can realize peer-to-peer value delivery. We should distinguish between Bitcoin, Bitcoin blockchain, blockchain and blockchain. Blockchain technology and other concepts. In countries with relatively developed finance in the past, finance and blockchain technology have a long history, and the legislation of digital currencies and blockchain networks is also very important. With the advent of the financial era, large financial institutions are studying blockchain technology. They have their own teams and conceptual technologies. Slowly, banks in various regions are also participating in digital currency discussions. The application and support of this technology are not only that. The influence of blockchain on enterprises is also huge. For larger domestic enterprises, Bubi Blockchain is also used in various equity, supply chain, points and other fields. Major domestic financial institutions and enterprises have taken a fancy to the new industry. value, they have developed their own blockchain platforms, and blockchain has instantly become a new innovative industry in China. In terms of overseas internationalization, the United States has already obtained 15 blockchain patents at the end of last year compared to China. Blockchain financial applications are entering a new stage in an all-round way. Various applications will become more and more in-depth, and related changes will also become more and more profound. It has attracted more and more attention and will form a huge new trend... >>

Question 3: What is blockchain technology? blockWhat exactly is a chain? What is blockchain? 1. Data blockchain is an important concept in the Bitcoin financial system. It records transaction record data on the entire Bitcoin network, and these data are shared by all Bitcoin nodes. Through the data block, we can query each transaction record. A look at the history of Bitcoin transactions. 2. Example: There are three persons A, B, and C. All funds of A and B are kept by C. And every financial transaction must be recorded by C. Now assume that A and B each have 1 million in custody of C. Then: A spends 80,000 yuan to B, then C's account book record will subtract 80,000 yuan from A's name, and add 80,000 yuan to B's name. If B transfers 50,000 yuan to A, C will add 50,000 yuan to A's name and subtract 50,000 yuan to B's name in the account book. A spends 50,000 yuan to B, then C's account book record will subtract 50,000 yuan from A's name, and add 50,000 yuan to B's name. 3. The role of the data blockchain is similar to that of C’s account record book. It records the user’s ownership of Bitcoin and the records of all users’ Bitcoin transactions. It’s just that this “account record book” is recorded by the mining software of every Bitcoin miner on the network. If a Bitcoin transaction is confirmed by the data blockchain, the relevant information will be recorded in the data blockchain. Bitcoin’s “account record book” is called the data blockchain. All data blockchains on the network form Bitcoin’s distributed network database system. 4. The essence of data blockchain technology is a decentralized and distributed structure of data storage, transmission and certification methods. It uses data blocks to replace the current Internet's dependence on central servers, so that all data changes or transaction items are recorded. On a cloud system, the self-certification of data during data transmission is theoretically realized. In a far-reaching sense, this transcends the traditional and conventional information verification paradigm that relies on a center and reduces the cost of establishing global "credit." This point-to-point verification will produce a "basic protocol", a new form of distributed artificial intelligence, and will establish a new interface and shared interface for human brain intelligence and machine intelligence.

Question 4: What is blockchain: This explanation of blockchain is more understandable. Blockchain refers to a technology that collectively maintains a reliable database through decentralization and trustlessness. plan.
In layman’s terms, blockchain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting. There is a database behind all systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. Then who will keep this ledger becomes very important. Currently, whoever owns the system keeps the accounts. Tencent keeps the accounts of WeChat, and Alibaba keeps the accounts of Taobao. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. If there are any data changes within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can do accounting. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period, write his recorded content into the ledger, and record this The contents of the ledger are released within a period of time.Make backups for everyone else on the system. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete ledger. In this way, we call it blockchain technology.
Blockchain technology has become the darling of the financial community in China and has become a hot topic. Domestic Puyin Group has launched Puyin, a tea-based digital currency.

Question 5: Explain in an easy-to-understand manner what blockchain is. Blockchain can be understood as a database system in a sense. The development of blockchain can be divided into 1.0 and 2.0
1.0 is represented by Bitcoin, and its main application is virtual currency or digital currency application. The blockchain at this time can only be used for simple digital currency transactions.
2.0 is represented by the now popular ethereum (Ethereum) and the upcoming hyperledger. The blockchain at this stage can not only meet the corresponding digital currency transactions, but also use smart contracts to customize currency or asset transactions. If we use the database analogy, the emergence of smart contracts can be understood as allowing users to define functions or stored procedures in the database and call and execute them.
Different from traditional databases, the blockchain introduces consensus mechanism, incentive mechanism, p2p (network), hash and other specific elements, making it open, decentralized and non-tamperable. characteristic.

Question 6: What is blockchain? Can anyone explain it in simple terms? Blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. It is like a ledger that records all transactions. It is decentralized. What is decentralization? For example, when you buy something on Taobao, you place an order and pay it to Alipay. Alipay will not transfer the money to the seller until you receive the goods. Alipay is the third party in that center. Without it, it means decentralization, just like buying things offline. If you pay with one hand and get the goods with the other hand, there is no third party.
The blockchain itself is a series of cryptographically related data blocks generated.
Look carefully to see if it looks like a ledger. The pieces one by one are blocks, and connected together they are the blockchain.
Many companies are developing this technology, including ours, and its prospects are incredible. For details, you can go to our official website and hope to adopt it, thank you

Question 7: What is blockchain technology? What is blockchain? How to explain the concept of blockchain? People in each industry have different understandings, and relevant explanations are gradually emerging due to more and more real-life applications. With the popularization of this blockchain technology, the related results are getting bigger and bigger. If we want to understand this technology, we must have an in-depth understanding of reality.
In the past six months, the concept of blockchain has gradually become popular in China, and there has been a stir in the financial circle.Blockchain whirlwind. Blockchain has attracted the attention and favor of more and more people in the industry due to its unique technical advantages. Blockchain technology, which is decentralized (or multi-centered), highly transparent, cannot be tampered with, and has no single point of failure, is entering the field of vision of financial institutions and enterprises. It has at least been used in digital currency, payment exchange, registration and settlement, Digital assets, traceability and anti-counterfeiting, supply chain, Internet of Things and many other fields have moved from theoretical discussions to practical applications.
"Blockchain" was first introduced with "Bitcoin" released in early 2009. Blockchain has become the basic protocol and technical application for the launch, recording and circulation of Bitcoin. Although Bitcoin has been controversial since its inception and cannot even be regarded as a "currency" by governments and monetary authorities, the blockchain technology used in Bitcoin has been recognized by governments, including governments and monetary authorities. extensive attention.
Why has blockchain become a rapidly heating up hot technology and topic?
The most important of these may be that the launch of Bitcoin based on blockchain technology has opened up a new relationship with traditional society ( The exploration and attempt of brand-new technologies and rule systems such as Internet user identity verification, wealth confirmation, transaction records, notarization and verification, which have little connection with offline) and are fully applied in the online world (online), provide people with the opportunity to adapt to the Internet society. Development provides alternative paths and unlimited imagination.
Judging from its application in Bitcoin, blockchain is a set of new network blocks (BLOCK, also called communities) formed by combining encryption technology with the Internet. Bitcoin configuration, netizen identity verification, and Bitcoin (value) confirmation formed by mining, Bitcoin transaction records, and extended encryption of Bitcoin cross-block flow (value transfer) (added block and transaction time identification, etc. Internet protocol rules and accounting (Ledger) system including block chain, full encryption, mutual authentication, etc., including factor) registration and verification. Precisely because Bitcoin is not a substitute for offline legal currency, but is issued and managed by non-legal currency authorities, mainly imitating the model of gold, and is completely new and decentralized protected and supported by basic Internet protocols and strict encryption technology. Internet currency (virtual currency) has thus formed a new set of currency rules and systems that are different from and not subject to real social laws, and can be bought, sold or exchanged with legal currency. It has been more than 8 years since Bitcoin was launched. There has been no record of funds or user information being stolen. Its security has been verified, and its efficiency and cost of fund settlement also have obvious advantages. This has made people's confidence in the blockchain technology used in Bitcoin continue to increase, and people have become more and more aware that although blockchain is a technology and protocol pioneered and applied by Bitcoin, the blockchain Chain is not the same as Bitcoin, and its application is by no means limited to Bitcoin. Blockchain applications can be decentralized or centralized; they can be publicChain mode, there can also be a private chain mode. Therefore, after Bitcoin, blockchain technology is also constantly developing and innovating, and constantly exploring new application fields, especially in the financial field.
The reason why blockchain is valued highly by more and more people is because the development and widespread application of the Internet have caused more and more economic exchanges and transaction activities to be conducted online, and the online world (or online world) society) is rapidly expanding, enriching and active, and online transactions must solve the efficiency and security protection issues of the parties' identity verification, value verification, transaction records, inspection and verification, etc., and require strict intermediaries and agreements (rules or constitutions). In this regard, traditional thinking and customary practices are to follow the development trajectory of the transfer of offline transactions to online and push the common rules and practices of the real (offline) society to the online (network) society. However, in practice, more and more It is difficult to adapt to the needs of online transactions.
For example, for the identity verification of the parties, the natural choice is to use the information on the identity documents protected by the laws of various countries as the basis, and then add account or transaction passwords, as well as facial recognition, iris, fingerprints and other biometrics to conduct online transactions. Verification, but this method first makes the citizen identity information in the cross-border interconnected online world subject to the administrative jurisdiction of real society... >>

Question 8: Easy to understand Explain clearly what is blockchain. The English name of blockchain is Blockchain. Block literally means block, block, and chain means chain, chain. Therefore, together they are translated into blockchain.
1. Use cryptography technology to encrypt and decrypt so that records cannot be tampered with. Common blockchain encryption methods include hash algorithm, RSA algorithm, elliptic curve algorithm, etc.;
2. The huge amount of calculation needs to be supported by a reasonable reward mechanism. Because every transaction must be recorded, Bitcoin’s blockchain has more than 60 gigabytes so far. Every new transaction requires confirmation of the information related to the trading account to ensure that the transaction is valid. The huge amount of calculation requires a computer with powerful computing power to complete.
In order to encourage the participation of powerful computing power, Bitcoin provides two rewards: one is to issue a certain number of bitcoins to these computers every day; instead, all transfer fees are awarded to these computers. (The technical term for these computers is "mining machines", and the people who hold the mining machines are called "miners".)
Biying China is working hard on asset digitization and launched the digital currency crowdfunding platform Biying China.

Question 9: What is the so-called "blockchain"? Blockchain itself is a tool called decentralization and trustlessness. For example, when you graduate from university, the current practice is to have a certificate recognized and issued by an authoritative agency as your certificate. This setting is more troublesome, because this is a piece of paper, and paper canIf it is forged, there will be various gaps. The issuing authority is also a human being, and there will be various gaps that can be exploited. As long as it is related to people, there will be various possibilities for it to be related to any media. The blockchain provides a great opportunity. As soon as you graduate, you will have a record on the blockchain. No one can change this record. This thing exists objectively. You, as a physical existence , and then as a data existence, the blockchain was born. In this case, anyone who wants to check where you graduated can easily solve the problem. This is similar to the big data often involved in social networking (WeChat) and payment platforms (Alipay, Yibao).

Question 10: What does blockchain mean? Regarding blockchain, I think you have already seen the concept on the Internet. Let me explain it based on my understanding!
First, let’s talk about its characteristics: 1. Openness and transparency 2. Decentralization 3. Anonymity 4. Information cannot be tampered with, eliminated 5. No trust cost
Blockchain is like a public ledger , everyone has the right to record and read it, and everyone will jointly supervise to ensure its accuracy, and the recorded content will be saved permanently and can only be added but not deleted! However, as the number of blocks continues to increase, costs will increase and efficiency will decrease. (I’m not sure whether technology can be used to make up for this. I hope someone who understands technology can point it out.)
Blockchain is divided into public chain, private chain, and alliance chain. Public chain: accessible to everyone, everyone has read and write permissions, completely open, transparent and decentralized. Private chain: Open to individuals or institutions, in which the owner of the private chain can set various permissions to make it partially centralized. Alliance chain: Open to specific organizations or groups, it is also "partially decentralized". According to the ledger at the beginning, members can view and transact, but cannot record and confirm bills, or require permission from the alliance. (The latter two do not have cost and efficiency issues)
Regarding blockchain, countries have begun to recruit talents in this area. For this, you can search online for "Central Bank Recruiting Digital Currency R&D Personnel". In addition, you can increase your understanding of blockchain by understanding its existing applications. What we usually refer to generally refers to public chains. Currently, those used abroad include Bitcoin, Ethereum and other domestic blockchains. Chain
1. Open and transparent: Every piece of data is verified by everyone and can be viewed by everyone at any time.
2. Decentralization: For example, when we shop on Taobao, we conduct transactions through the intermediary Taobao, and blockchain allows both supply and demand parties to directly contact each other for direct transactions through blockchain technology.
3. Anonymity: No personal privacy information is required to complete transactions on the blockchain, only your unique alphanumeric signature is required.
4. Information cannot be tampered with or deleted: Once the data has been verified and recorded, no one has the authority to modify it, let alone delete it!
5. No trust cost: The trust crisis in reality will not appear in the blockchain. Transactions in the blockchain do not require you to trust the other party. Only when you have enough "digital assets" for the transaction can it be carried out, and it is fully protected. Online supervision ensures that the transaction will not break the contract. If you have no idea about the cost of trust, just think about how many intermediaries there are in your city, or just think about Jack Ma, and you will know how big the cost of trust is.
I am still learning more about blockchain. I am Li Ailin. If you have any questions, you can discuss and learn together!

I was shocked when I checked. "Computing power" has actually become a hot new concept.

Computing power, also known as "computing power", in a narrow sense, computing power is the processing ability of data. It is the computing power of a device to output specific results by processing data. The greater the computing power value. , which represents the stronger the comprehensive computing power. From a broad perspective, computing power can be expressed as computing power is a new productive force in the digital economy era, a solid foundation to support the development of the digital economy, and will also be an important engine for the development of the national economy. It is widely found in computers, mobile phones, PCs and other hardware devices. Without computing power, these software and hardware cannot be used normally. Computing power has become the new focus of global strategic competition. The level of a country's computing power is basically positively correlated with the level of economic development. Because the key resources in the digital economy era are data, computing power, and algorithms. Data is the new means of production, computing power is the new productivity, and algorithms are the new production relations. These constitute the most basic cornerstone of production in the digital economy era.

Computing power is divided into computing power environment, computing power scale and computing power application. The computing power environment refers to factors such as network environment and computing power investment, which provide solid support for the development of computing power. The scale of computing power includes basic computing power, intelligent computing power and super computing power, which in turn provide basic general computing, artificial intelligence computing and scientific engineering computing respectively. Computing power applications mainly include consumer applications and industry applications. Consumer and industry applications have brought about rapid increases in the demand for computing power scale, computing power capabilities, etc., and the progress of computing power will reversely promote applications. For example, the 5G, Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain, etc. that we are currently exposed to and used.

Computing power has become the new engine of the digital economy. What are its main manifestations?

1. Computing power directly drives the development of digital industrialization. In digital core companies, such as Amazon, Microsoft, Google and other Internet industries, computing powerIt is the largest investor. The total capital expenditure invested by these three companies every quarter exceeds 25 billion US dollars, which is basically used to lay out large-scale data centers to support the accelerated penetration of Internet technology into e-commerce, service industry, payment and other fields. . There are also electronic information manufacturing, telecommunications, software, etc., which are all important parts of the development of digital industrialization and are closely related to the development of computing power.

2. Computing power directly empowers the development of the national economy. As my country's 5G coverage continues to increase, my country's investment in computing power is also increasing. It is reported that my country's IT expenditure in 2020 will be 2 trillion, directly driving the total economic output of 1.7 trillion, and indirectly driving the total economic output. 6.3 trillion, that is, every 1 yuan invested in computing power. It will drive an economic output of 3-4 yuan. Moreover, my country's demand for consumption and application of computing power is growing rapidly. The Internet's demand for computing power alone accounts for about 50% of the overall computing power. The application of computing power in the telecommunications and financial fields is also at the leading level in the industry.

                                                                                                                                                                                                 To seize the long board of the computer industry chain and supply chain is to strengthen the integration and development of important products and core technologies and enhance the development of China's internal innovation capabilities.