区块链削弱政府的措施,国家对区块链的打击

区块链技术的出现为政府提供了一种新的模式，它可以使政府的职能变得更加透明，更加有效，以及更加安全。但是，这也会削弱政府的控制力，因此，许多国家都在采取措施来对区块链进行打击。本文将对三个关键词：政府监管，税收政策，和监督机制，进行具体介绍。

首先，政府监管是国家采取措施来打击区块链的主要方式之一。政府采取了一系列措施，以限制区块链的发展，包括禁止某些区块链应用，限制区块链企业的运营，以及发布一些限制性法规。这些政府措施的目的是为了限制区块链技术的发展，以及确保区块链技术的安全性。

其次，税收政策也是国家采取措施来打击区块链的重要方式之一。政府采取了一系列的税收政策，以限制区块链技术的发展，包括对区块链企业的税收优惠，对区块链技术的技术税收优惠，以及对区块链投资者的税收优惠等。这些政策的目的是为了限制区块链技术的发展，以及确保区块链技术的安全性。

最后，监督机制也是国家采取措施来打击区块链的重要方式之一。政府采取了一系列的监督措施，以限制区块链技术的发展，包括对区块链企业的审查，对区块链技术的审查，以及对区块链投资者的审查等。这些政策的目的是为了限制区块链技术的发展，以及确保区块链技术的安全性。

总之，政府监管、税收政策和监督机制都是国家采取措施来对区块链进行打击的重要方式。这些政策的目的是为了限制区块链技术的发展，以及确保区块链技术的安全性。

1. The future development prospects of blockchain

1. Blockchain has become the forefront of global technological development and opened up a new track for international competition. Blockchain will become a new key infrastructure to further accelerate the development of the digital economy, lead a new round of global technological change and industrial change, and become the "source" of technological innovation and model innovation. The world's major developed countries will further pay attention to blockchain technology, intensively introduce relevant policy plans, increase industrial support and guidance, and enhance the competitiveness of their country's blockchain technology and industry.
2. The digital currency bubble gradually cools down. With the spread and popularization of the concept of blockchain technology, more and more people will realize that Bitcoin is not the same as blockchain, and various air coins will be gradually eliminated. Blockchain technology innovation will return to a more rational track. Technical features such as decentralization, multi-party collaboration, and anti-calculation tampering will be highly valued by relevant industries. Some industries with strong innovation capabilities will continue to emerge with blockchain applications that have been transformed based on industry characteristics.

2. Why the country bans blockchain

What needs to be corrected is that the country prohibits the transaction of digital virtual currencies such as Bitcoin, which has no supervision and high financial risks. Blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. The country is supporting the development of blockchain technology, and local governments have introduced relevant support policies.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of applications. Data blocks generated by cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

Bitcoin is an online virtual currency. The concept of Bitcoin (BitCoin) was first proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. It is a P2P digital currency.

3. What specific changes will blockchain bring to public services

Blockchain is like a "double-edged sword" for the government and public sectors: on the one hand, district The trustless nature of blockchain brings challenges to “trust intermediaries” such as governments and banks; on the other hand, the underlying philosophy of distributed consensus, open source, transparency, and social collaboration of blockchain technology represented by smart chain ChainNova will Bringing more obvious advantages to governments and the public sector. It is very necessary for the government to participate in the development and supervision of blockchain. It should understand the potential of this technology as soon as possible, introduce innovative solutions, and provide better public services to the public.

4. What is digital currency, digital finance and blockchain digital currency and why is it so important

From a financial perspective, blockchain and digital currency are actually a new generation of Digital financial system. The digital financial system is built on the financial infrastructure of blockchain digital currency.

From a business perspective, how toUnderstand the digital economy?

We know that the driver of the industrial economy is fossil fuels, and the driver of the digital economy is data. So how does data drive a business? I summarize it as computer modeling of data, using algorithms to organize the data, and at the same time computer programming of the company's business processes, turning the data into algorithm models, and then stringing together the algorithm models to turn the business processes into computer programs. Or become a smart contract, which is digital technology. This digital economy is not the digital economy from an economist’s perspective.

How to integrate these things requires a series of digital technologies. A series of digital technologies such as the Internet, Internet of Things, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and blockchain constitute the digital economy, or digital business.

Digital technology has three characteristics. The first is that it spans time and space, because data naturally has the ability to penetrate. For example, cross-border and cross-organization data flow cannot be blocked by national borders, so it crosses time and space. At the same time, data is penetrable. It can penetrate the market vertically, eliminating all intermediaries and hierarchies in the middle, and then Let transactions become peer-to-peer, and buyers and sellers no longer need intermediaries. It can penetrate the market vertically and shorten the industrial chain horizontally. Peer-to-peer, there is no middleman to guarantee the transaction settlement.

The core of digital finance is point-to-point payment settlement and non-guaranteed transaction settlement. Nowadays, using bank cards to buy things in shopping malls is not a point-to-point transaction. It takes time for the merchant to receive the money, and the bank guarantees that the transaction can be settled completely. But if these intermediaries disappear, how can transactions be cleared and settled in real time? At present, blockchain and digital currency are the best technical solutions to solve these problems, and no other better solution has been found yet.

From a business perspective, blockchain technology has its own characteristics, that is, it is sufficiently digital, it is cross-border, cross-time and space, and cross-organization. The flow of data has no boundaries, so the blockchain is distributed at the same time, it is self-organized and decentralized.

So the origin of blockchain and the application of any new disruptive technology have always had two routes, or two methods. One way is to regard it as a tool and use it to improve the traditional business model and obtain an improvement in marginal benefits. The other is to treat it as a system to reconstruct the underlying logic of business.

There is a good example of these two application methods in the past few years. When Internet companies are promoting "Internet +", we also see many traditional business organizations saying that it is not "Internet +" but "+Internet". So where are those people who shout "+Internet" now? Some people think that the Internet is just a technology used to improve traditional things, and some Internet technologies can be added to traditional things. For example, using the Internet as email, you build an email system, andI thought it was the Internet. But some people treat the Internet as a system and reconstruct the business from the bottom up. In the end, you will find that you are unemployed.

The second is decentralization. Why go to the center? Regional center technology in business has brought about business decentralization, which is an inevitable trend in history. Where is this trend? I think there are two points. One is economic globalization and entering version 2.0. Now through the Internet, it is no longer the company that is globalizing, nor the company turning itself into a multinational company, but the Internet is empowering any individual, so that it can sell its products through the Internet in a small county in China. worldwide. When economic globalization develops to personal globalization, solving point-to-point transactions and point-to-point services becomes a prominent issue. Then the real-time clearing and settlement and point-to-point transaction settlement brought by blockchain technology can just help the globalization of personal business activities.

The third is the digitalization of the economy. When data is collected to a certain extent, its circulation is basically across time and space. The demand for financial payments from commercial activities is carried with them anytime and anywhere, and it is impossible to provide scenario-based and virtualized payment settlement anytime, anywhere and on demand. Services will eventually be eliminated by technology and the market.

Why is digital currency so important?

First, the issuance of digital currency broadens the scope of original monetary policy options. If all physical currencies can be converted into digital currencies, this will make it possible for the central bank to break through the zero lower bound of interest rates and reduce nominal interest rates to negative.

In addition, digital currency also provides a new quantitative easing tool. The central bank issues an equal amount of digital currency to every citizen in the form of free payment, which can directly bypass the inefficiency during the crisis. Financial markets, improve citizens’ ability to consume and repay debt, making it easier to achieve the central bank’s monetary policy goal of calming volatility.

Second, digital currency can make monetary policy more transparent. Economic theory generally believes that the implementation of monetary policy should be systematic and transparent, which can enhance the effectiveness of the monetary transmission mechanism, reduce internal noise, and strengthen the stability of the system.

Although, central banks in various countries have made significant progress in this regard by controlling inflation targets. The implementation of central bank digital currencies provides an opportunity to increase the transparency of central bank monetary policy frameworks. By adopting a central bank digital currency, like the inflation targeting system, the central bank can establish a fixed price level target specified by a specific price index, thus providing a durable, credible and transparent nominal anchor for the economic system.

Third, the issuance of digital currency can solve the problem of reduced physical cash and bring some seigniorage to the central bank. With the rise of mobile payment methods and mobile payment applications, the importance of cash in society is gradually decreasing.

With the demise of paper money, the only form of currency circulating in the economy will be residents' bank deposits, and central banks may lose the power to issue banknotes to the public. Additionally, under the current system, seigniorage can only be obtained through the issuance of physical cash. Therefore, when ordinary people are less willing to hold cash, providing a convenient central bank digital currency that can be connected to electronic payment systems can allow the central bank to regain part of the seigniorage.

Fourth, digital currency can increase the stability of the financial system. From a technical perspective, digital currencies allow residents, businesses and non-bank financial institutions to settle directly with central bank digital currencies. This can share part of the settlement functions of commercial banks and reduce the concentration of liquidity and credit risks in the payment system.

Of course, in specific policy practice, due to the need for policy stability, central bank digital currency can also be issued and operated relying on the commercial banking system.

In addition, digital currencies issued by central banks can provide a truly risk-free alternative to bank deposits. The shift of residents from holding bank deposits to holding digital cash reduces part of the need for government guarantees on deposits and weakens a source of moral hazard in the financial system.

5. What problems does the blockchain solve?

If you can explain it in one sentence: decentralization.
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.
The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is distributed cryptographically to ensure that it cannot be tampered with or forged. Account book.
Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access. A new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and manipulate data.
Advantages:
1) The algorithm is simple and easy to implement;
2) Nodes can reach consensus without exchanging additional information;
3) Destroying the system requires a huge cost .
Disadvantages:
1) Waste of energy;
2) Block confirmation time is difficult to shorten;
3) The new blockchain must find a different hashing algorithm, Otherwise, you will face Bitcoin’s computing power attack;
4) It is easy to produce forks and need to wait for multiple confirmations;
5) There is never finality, and a checkpoint mechanism is needed to make up for finality.

6. After more than ten years, the blockchain is still tepid. Has it failed?

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Almost everyone, even those who don’t believe in universal authentication, have a positive view of blockchain technology because it may change the entire world. However, it has been ten years since the invention of blockchain technology, and we still have not really used blockchain technology. Some people say that Bitcoin is based on blockchain technology, so as it develops, the main use of blockchain is as a payment system or value store.

There are many examples of this.

There is no doubt that blockchain technology can be inferred to be integrated into almost all sectors of modern life (including the above-mentioned sectors). However, it has been nearly 10 years since the birth of blockchain technology, and no field has used blockchain technology to replace the original technology. The ideas are great, but implementation of the technology has been too slow.

7. What impact will RMB digitization bring?

The emergence of digital hospitals has brought profound changes to traditional medical methods. For example, all clinical operations in the hospital have been implemented paperless, and all kinds of information such as patient outpatient and inpatient medical records, examination results, etc. are completely stored in the hospital database; doctors have thrown away paper and pens, whether they are issuing prescriptions or not. All kinds of examinations, image collection, and transmission are all done in front of the computer and transmitted over the network. After the nurses measure the patient's temperature, pulse, blood pressure, etc. every day, they enter them into the computer, automatically form a curve on the computer, and press The period graphic display makes the patient's vital signs clear at a glance.
With the opening of more and more digital hospitals, the medical environment will become more comfortable. In the next few years, it may no longer be necessary to bring medical records to all major hospitals, and doctors may no longer need to write prescriptions when prescribing medicines. During the first outpatient visit, a smart card containing a user name and password will be obtained, and a comprehensive personal health file will be established in the database. To seek medical treatment again, you only need to hold this card, search for the doctor you need through the computer, and go to the corresponding clinic to see a doctor according to the instructions of the computer; after completing the examination at the hospital, you do not need to wait for the results in the hospital, you can get the information sent by the treating doctor through the Internet Examination results, as well as a treatment plan based on the condition and personal financial situation. Inpatients can check their treatment plans, medication status, medication fees, surgery fees, nursing fees, etc. at any time. The worries in the past of nearly breaking one's leg to seek medical treatment, and then being slaughtered upon entering the hospital will no longer exist.
Our country has been exploring the construction of digital hospitals since the late 1990s. In the next few years, 70%-80% of hospitals in our country will implement information management and connect them into a huge medical information network to provide doctors and nurses with , provide patients with a more efficient and effective information link and a broad space for mutual communication.
As mankind enters the 21st century, society is transitioning from industrialization to informatization. The application of informatization has promoted economic development and the improvement of people's living standards. It has also caused profound changes in people's production methods and lifestyles. . The digital construction of hospitals is in line with the trend of the times, prompting structural changes in the form and content of medical activities and service activities, and the state of competition.The situation, market structure, medical industry structure, hospital structure, business processes and management models have also undergone revolutionary changes.
Since the development of information technology is endless, there is no ultimate goal for hospital information construction. Hospital information construction is a process, and digital hospitals are the goals and results of hospital information construction. The implementation of hospital digitalization is comprehensive. Each hospital will focus on its own needs, promote hospital digitalization at different levels and in stages, and improve the utilization rate of information technology.
Nowadays, many hospitals regard hospital informatization construction as one of the central tasks of hospital work. They are far-sighted, aware of the digital economy, seizing digital opportunities, crossing the digital divide, and creating digital wealth. Digital construction will accompany hospitals. Modernization construction keeps pace with the times.

8. The future of blockchain is a major trend

Blockchain uses P2P technology, cryptography and consensus algorithms and other technologies, and has the characteristics of data non-tampering, collective system maintenance and information disclosure. Transparency and other properties. Blockchain provides a mechanism for information and value transfer and exchange in an untrusted environment, and is the cornerstone of building the future value Internet.

Trend 1: The application of blockchain industry is accelerating, penetrating and spreading from digital currency to non-financial fields

As a universal technology, blockchain technology has expanded from digital currency to non-financial fields. Accelerate penetration into other fields and integrate innovatively with all walks of life. We believe that future blockchain applications will be driven by two camps. On the one hand, the IT camp starts with information sharing and focuses on establishing credit at low cost, gradually covering areas such as digital assets. On the other hand, the cryptocurrency camp starts from currency and gradually advances to the fields of asset management and certificate depository, and spreads to credit reporting and general information sharing applications.

Trend 2: Enterprise application is the main battlefield of blockchain, and alliance chain/private chain will become the mainstream direction

At present, the actual application of enterprises is concentrated in the field of digital currency, which belongs to virtual economy. We believe that future blockchain applications will move from virtual reality to reality. More traditional enterprises will use blockchain technology to reduce costs, improve collaboration efficiency, and stimulate the growth of the real economy. This will be the main battlefield for blockchain applications in the future.

Unlike public chains, in enterprise-level applications, everyone pays more attention to the management and control, regulatory compliance, performance, security and other factors of blockchain. Therefore, we believe that strong management blockchain deployment models such as alliance chains and private chains are more suitable for enterprises to use in application implementation, and are the mainstream technology direction for enterprise-level applications.

Trend 3: Applications have spawned diversified technical solutions, and blockchain performance will continue to be optimized

In the future, blockchain applications will develop from single to multiple directions. Different applications such as bills, payment, insurance, and supply chain are in real-time andIt will be highly differentiated in multiple dimensions such as high concurrency, latency and throughput. This will lead to a diverse range of technological solutions. We believe that blockchain technology is far from finalized and will continue to evolve in the future. There is room for efficiency improvement in technical aspects such as consensus algorithms, service sharding, processing methods, and organizational forms.

Trend 4: Blockchain and cloud computing are increasingly integrated, and BaaS is expected to become a public trust infrastructure

Cloud computing is the general trend. We believe that the combination of blockchain and cloud is also an inevitable trend. There are two models for the combination of blockchain and cloud, one is blockchain on the cloud, and the other is blockchain in the cloud. The latter one, namely BaaS, Blockchain-as-a-Service, refers to the cloud service provider directly providing blockchain as a service to users. In the future, cloud service companies will increasingly integrate blockchain technology into the cloud computing ecological environment. By providing BaaS functions, they can effectively reduce the deployment cost of enterprise application blockchain and lower the initial threshold for innovation and entrepreneurship.

Trend 5: Blockchain security issues are becoming increasingly prominent, and security protection requires overall technical and management considerations

From a mathematical perspective, the blockchain system is almost perfect. It has the advantages of openness and transparency, difficulty in tampering, reliable encryption, and resistance to DDoS attacks. However, from an engineering perspective, its security is still restricted by infrastructure, system design, operation management, privacy protection, and technology update iterations. In the future, we need to consider the overall situation in terms of technology and management, and strengthen basic research and overall protection to ensure application security.

Trend 6: The cross-chain demand for blockchain is increasing, and the importance of interconnection is highlighted

With the deepening of blockchain applications, payment and settlement, logistics traceability, medical records Enterprises or industries in areas such as identity verification and identity verification will establish their own blockchain systems. We believe that cross-chain collaboration and interoperability among these numerous blockchain systems is an inevitable trend in the future. It can be said that cross-chain technology is the key to blockchain realizing the Internet of Value, and the interconnection of blockchains will become an increasingly important issue.

Trend 7: Blockchain competition is becoming increasingly fierce, and patent competition has become an important area of ​​competition

As the number of participating entities increases, blockchain competition will become increasingly fierce. Competition is all-round, including technology, models, patents and other dimensions. We believe that in the future, companies will strengthen their layout in blockchain patents. Since 2014, the number of blockchain patent applications has exploded. Blockchain patents are mainly distributed in the United States in North America and the United Kingdom in Europe., China and South Korea in Asia will maintain this pattern in the future. The patent gap between China and the United States is narrowing, and China’s number of applications in 2016 has surpassed that of the United States. It is foreseeable that the competition for blockchain patents will become increasingly fierce in the future.

Trend 8: Blockchain investment continues to be popular, and the cumulative risks of the token crowdfunding model deserve attention

Blockchain has become a hot spot pursued by the capital market. Future investment will continue the rising trend from 2014 to 2016. Different from financing models in other technology fields, a model called "token crowdfunding" has emerged in the blockchain field, namely Initial Coin Offering (ICO), which is a type of crowdfunding for startups to issue tokens and raise funds. Way. As the transaction volume of token crowdfunding increases, risks such as lack of review, huge value fluctuations, and being on the edge of regulation for many projects will increase, which deserves attention. This afternoon, a group of friends chatted with me privately and asked about the so-called golden chain, which needs to rely on the model of 1 pass 2, 2 pass 4, 4 pass 16 to obtain income. This is an obvious pyramid scheme to attract people, but there are still many people who just Friends who have entered the currency circle and have just learned about blockchain will be deceived. I hope they can understand the essence and be responsible for their own funds!

Trend 9: Blockchain technology and supervision are in conflict, but the contradiction is expected to be further reconciled

The decentralization, disintermediation and anonymity of blockchain are in line with its tradition The corporate management and government regulatory systems are not coordinated. But we should also see the opportunities that blockchain brings to supervision. We believe that in the future, companies will actively cater to regulatory needs and proactively build in regulatory requirements in technical solutions and model designs. They will not only achieve compliant operations, but also significantly save the cost of regulatory compliance. We also believe that in the future, regulatory authorities around the world will also embrace blockchain, a new regulatory technology, and use new technology to improve government regulatory efficiency.

Trend 10: Trustworthiness is the core requirement of blockchain, and the importance of standards and specifications is becoming increasingly prominent

In the future value delivery network based on blockchain, We will use algorithms and software entirely to build a foundation of trust. But we believe that this is far from enough. Standards are also needed to add credibility to the blockchain. In the future, blockchain standards will start from the user's perspective and be business-oriented, standardizing the technology and governance of blockchain from the dimensions of smart contracts, consensus mechanisms, private key security, permission management, etc., and enhancing the efficiency of blockchain. The degree of credibility adds weight to the trust of the blockchain.

Summary

The above are the ten major trends summarized. To summarize, there are four points: First, blockchain is the foundation of the value network and will gradually become an indispensable part of the future Internet.point. Second, as application scenarios become increasingly abundant, applications will drive the continuous improvement of blockchain technology, and the integration of blockchain and cloud will become increasingly closer. Third, although the blockchain is mathematically complete, there are also security issues. In the future, security needs to be strengthened from the engineering and management levels, and standards are also needed to improve credibility. Fourth, blockchain technology will gradually adapt to regulatory policy requirements in the future and gradually become an important tool for regulatory technology.