区块链是什么意思?,区块链技术

区块链是一种分布式账本技术，它可以被用来存储和管理数据。它使用密码学原理来保护数据的安全性和完整性，可以被用来跟踪货币、资产、合同和其他重要信息的变化。本文将介绍区块链技术拓展的三个相关关键词：去中心化，智能合约和共识机制。

去中心化是区块链技术的基础。它指的是没有中央控制机构的网络，而是由网络中的节点共同维护。在去中心化的区块链网络中，数据是通过共识机制（后面会介绍）分布在网络中的所有节点上，从而保证了数据的安全性和完整性。

智能合约是一种可以自动执行的计算机程序，它可以在区块链网络上运行。智能合约可以被用来执行各种合同，比如货币交易、资产转让、股权转让等。智能合约的优势在于它可以自动执行，不需要人工介入，因此可以大大提高交易的效率和安全性。

共识机制是区块链网络中用来确认交易的一种机制。它是一种分布式共识算法，用来确认网络中的节点是否可以信任，以及如何确认交易是否有效。共识机制可以确保交易的安全性和正确性，也可以防止恶意节点篡改交易数据。

总之，区块链技术拓展的三个关键词：去中心化，智能合约和共识机制，可以极大地提高区块链网络的安全性和可信性，也为区块链网络提供了可靠的基础。

⑴ Blockchain English

AMA——Ask Me Anything, usually refers to a question and answer event organized by the project party or the person in charge of the transaction

AMM—— Automated Market Maker, automatic market maker model

AML——Anti-Money Laundering, anti-money laundering

BTC——Bitcoin, Bitcoin

⑵ Central media exposed 11 suspected MLM projects using the blockchain to issue coins

At the beginning of the new year, the voice of blessings is still in my ears. People's Daily Online has joined forces with Tencent News and WeChat to secure and authentic platforms and other authoritative content media released a list of projects involving pyramid schemes in 2018.

The reporter noticed that among the 78 projects involving pyramid schemes that were exposed, there were actually 11 projects that used the blockchain to carry out pyramid schemes and issue coins.

The losses caused by pyramid schemes under the guise of blockchain are far greater than ordinary crimes. Huge amounts of wealth are transferred through invisible hands, which is the biggest worm in the blockchain era.

On November 24, 2018, Sebastian Greenwood, the once all-powerful OneCoin principal criminal who had been at large for a long time, was successfully captured by the FBI and the Thai Crime Collection Bureau. Extradited to the United States for trial.

Bastian Greenwood is the main culprit of One Coin, a global Ponzi scheme. It is reported that OneCoin will set up a "One Awards" bonus system to reward participating members. These members often participate in projects initiated by this organization, and the so-called projects will raise funds for its global foundation.

But someone soon revealed: “OneCoin used publicity and overseas activities to pretend to be very ‘high-class’, and then through high rates of return and wooing acquaintances, it actually formed a huge MLM system."

In May 2018, domestic regulatory agencies discovered that there were approximately US$7.2 million in funds related to the OneCoin Ponzi scheme.

Virtual currency scams have been around for a long time. Some MLM methods are not clever, but they are harmful to people.

From April 2, 2016 to June 22, 2016, Ms. Li, a Zhongshan woman, was introduced to a man named Xu Moubin by her neighbor Ajun (pseudonym). During this period, Xu Moubin and Ajun repeatedly promoted virtual "mark coins" to her, and used dividends and appreciation as temptations. She believed them and eventually purchased a total of about 600,000 yuan of "mark coins" in 9 times. It was not until February 2017, when the "Mark Coin" website was closed, that she discovered that she had been deceived.

Among the many MLM coin cases, the most “classic” case is the famous one"Five Elements Coin" worth over 10 billion.

As early as 2013, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce listed Zhang Jian’s “Cloud Digital Trade Alliance” as a pyramid scheme; in October 2014, Zhang Jian was arrested; in December 2016, Zhang Jian Soon after he was released from prison, he launched the Five Elements Coin MLM project. It is reported that the Five Elements Coin project also has Zhang Jian’s profile picture, but Zhang Jian is actually just a junior high school student whose real name is Song Miqiu. In June 2017, Zhang Jian was arrested and returned to China from Indonesia. This absurd farce ended and the legendary Zhang Jian finally fell from the altar.

According to the reporter’s understanding, among the 11 MLM coin projects this time, there is also the plot of “Real and Fake Monkey King”. The MLM organization used Stellar Lumens, which ranks sixth in the world’s market capitalization, to issue its own “ Stellar Lumens", investors fell into the trap if they were not careful.

Tell me another story about Dogecoin.

In 2017, Dogecoin was listed by CCTV as one of the 350 MLM organizations. However, under the control of desire, it cannot stop the strong rise of Dogecoin.

Dogecoin, a cute emoticon dog head, is called Dogecoin in English and code-named DOGE. It was born in December 2013. Co-founder Jackson Palmer said that he did it as a joke at first, just to mock Bitcoin. Later, with the help of reddit (an American social news site), within two weeks, the Dogecoin project website immediately became popular.

It can be said that the birth of Dogecoin has a lot to do with American Internet culture. On the American Tieba reddit, the doge emoticon is as popular as the three domestic emoticon giants, which means it is equivalent to the domestic tycoon.

The founder said that Dogecoin is not like Bitcoin. People do not participate in it for speculation, but to express emotions of sharing and concern. This also means that at the beginning, the spread of dogecoin relied on sharing between people.

Messari’s OnChainFX data shows that Dogecoin had more average daily active addresses in December 2018 than in December 2017, making Dogecoin the third most active address after Bitcoin and Ethereum. Cryptocurrency with the most active addresses.

Currently, Dogecoin is second only to Bitcoin and Ethereum in terms of daily active addresses, reaching 72,955 in a day. Bitcoin currently has 536,738 valid addresses, Ethereum has 235,004, and Tron has only 21,255. The popularity of Dogecoin is evident.

The price of Dogecoin is hovering around $0.0023 today, according to real-time data from cryptocurrency tracking website Coinmarketcap.The value has dropped to US$268 million from the peak of US$1.7 billion on January 9, 2018. Like most other currencies, it fell by more than 80% in one year.

However, Dogecoin’s market value still ranks 24th in the global market value rankings. Compared with more than 2,000 cryptocurrencies, it still despises all living beings.

Today, Bitcoin has been rectified under the light of blockchain, and few people have mentioned its ancient past that was single-handedly promoted by the dark web. But it is undeniable that there are still a large number of MLM coins that use the name of blockchain to conduct pyramid schemes.

While the blockchain carries the technical ideals of geeks, it is also being benefited by those who are interested.

At present, in the early stages of the development of blockchain technology, a strange circle has gradually formed in which idealists and deceivers coexist, and speculators drive out pragmatists. As the cold winter in the currency circle comes, projects collapse one after another, and bad coins drive out good coins.

There is a joke about a blockchain person chatting with an MLM person, and the MLM person was shocked: "What you are doing is illegal."

In fact, MLM people are thinking about one question all the time, that is, how to make it legal. Can I cheat openly and openly after obtaining a direct selling license? It turns out it can't.

After the Tianjin Quanjian incident broke out, on January 1 this year, Quanjian Natural Medicine Technology Development Co., Ltd. was put on file for investigation on suspicion of organizing and leading pyramid schemes and false advertising. Then, as everyone was eagerly waiting, news came out on January 7 that 18 suspects including Quanjian’s boss Shu Yuhui had been detained.

The great transfer of social wealth is often accompanied by technological revolution, which is more dependent on material attributes than virtual attributes.

It is understandable that capital will use any means to pursue interests. Because this is the property of capital. At the same time, technology has no values. Whoever masters the technology will benefit from it.

In the past, MLM organizations tried to achieve freedom of wealth by pulling people’s heads without mastering capital or technology. Nowadays, MLM organizations have found a new way to "get rich" and effectively avoid legal supervision, which is to issue MLM coins under the guise of blockchain.

Seeing is worth hearing a hundred times. 24/7 digital currency transactions throughout the year, unknown currencies that multiply a thousand times a day, and the myth of wealth creation with one coin per villa. While blockchain is on fire, digital currencies are also on fire.

"Blockchain is not a bubble, Bitcoin is." Jack Ma has promoted his views in public more than once. Unfortunately, in the eyes of most investors, blockchain is digital currency, and digital currency is blockchain.

The reporter learned that some MLM projects that use blockchain to issue coins will move outside the government's strong support for the blockchain industry, but avoid talking about relevant digital currency supervision.

“Many MLM coins only borrow the name of blockchain and do not use any blockchain technology. They are still different from the famous air coins in the currency circle. At least they are actually using it. Blockchain technology." said one investor.

"It's tragic enough that talent is not enough to support ambition. What's even worse is that the whole body is full of ambition, but the IQ is squeezed into hell." The family members were fascinated by the "stellar currency" and lost all their money. At that time, a netizen’s message was thought-provoking.

The Asia-European currency fraud involved 4 billion yuan, and more than 70,000 people were defrauded; GCB Glorious Coin involved hundreds of millions of yuan in the case, with hundreds of thousands of registered members; EGD Network Gold involved 10.9 billion yuan in the case, with registered members As many as 500,000 people; Wanfu Coin involved a case amount of 2 billion yuan, with 130,000 registered members; Darkcoin involved a case amount of 1.5 billion yuan, with more than 30,000 registered members; OneCoin involved a case amount of 600 million yuan, with 1.8 million registered members; The amount involved in the Laihui Coin case is 500 million yuan, with 200,000 registered members...

According to the reporter’s understanding, the number of MLM coins currently on the market is far more than the number listed this time.

Comparing the overall MLM cases in my country, the China Judgment Document Network shows that from 2002 to 2018, the total number of MLM cases in my country was 14,658, including 1,869 in 2014, 1,417 in 2015, and 1,417 in 2016. There were 3,085 cases in 2017, 3,313 cases in 2017, and 3,612 cases in 2018. The overall growth trend is much smaller than that of virtual currency pyramid schemes.

Based on the 166 cases of virtual currency pyramid schemes in 2018, in just a few years, virtual currency pyramid schemes have accounted for 5% of my country’s overall pyramid schemes (166/3612). This does not include the numerous ICO (Initial Coin Offering) MLM projects that are registered overseas and cannot be dismissed domestically for the time being.

The essence of MLM coins is actually not much different from traditional MLM. The methods of attracting people, developing offline, and issuing physical objects as collateral are already bad. But in the face of such familiar routines, investment Still unable to resist.

Under poverty and economic weakness, greed and hunger that have nowhere to go have become the biggest breeding ground for MLM coins. What about MLM coins? In front of desire, there is no need for IQ.

In this market, faced with endless temptations, most people are unable to distinguish whether this is an investment with huge profits or a scam that loses all their money. Under the temptation of greed, MLM has jumped on the blockchain train.

But please remember: pyramid schemes have been like tigers and wolves since ancient times, and a dream will eventually turn into a nightmare.

⑶ Why do all the new blockchain ICO tokens need to be registered?Singapore Foundation

Hello, currently, customers who are doing blockchain projects will register foundations as the main body of the project. Why do they all register foundations in Singapore? First of all, it is cost-effective, and the Singapore market is also relatively It is mature and has many project parties. Many well-known currency entities are registered in Singapore. Secondly, it can provide complete legal services in the later stage.
How much does it cost to register a foundation in Singapore?
There are currently two packages on the market for Singapore foundation registration, one is simple Singapore foundation registration, and the other is compliant Singapore foundation registration. What is the difference between the two?
1. Simple foundation registration: The registration process is simple, the documents are incomplete and made in China.
2. Compliance foundation registration: The registration process is compliant, the documents are complete, and guaranteed by a lawyer. The documents are issued by the Singapore Registration Bureau, and the lawyer applies for them to be sent to the country.
If you are making a blockchain ICO just for investment, it will not matter which one you register, but you will need to issue coins to exchanges later. According to our understanding, some well-known exchanges will require relevant legal compliance. Opinions. Different registered packages directly affect the price of subsequent legal opinions.
It is a simple foundation registered. Due to incomplete documents, the risks borne by lawyers are high, and legal opinions are very expensive.
In the early stage, a compliance foundation was registered, and later when legal opinions were needed, the price was much cheaper.
After comparing these two, you can choose which one to register according to your own needs.

⑷ Why do all Singaporean foundations register to issue ICO tokens?

1. Singapore is a city-state with a small land area and scarce natural resources. It is not half the size of Beijing, so Singapore It is a foreign trade-driven economy, mainly focusing on electronics, petrochemicals, finance, shipping, and service industries. Compared with other major countries, Singapore has shown a more enthusiastic and accepting attitude towards new things and high technologies.
2. Confidential shareholder information is usually a privacy protection that blockchain companies care about very much, and it happens to be fully protected here in Singapore. For companies registered in Singapore, the registered company will help find a legal representative. All shareholder information is confidential and cannot be found by outsiders. For specific information on Singapore blockchain company registration, please refer to: 2018 Singapore Foundation Registration Guidelines and Legal Opinions Shufacoin explanation.
3. There have been too many money trapping incidents in the blockchain field around the world. Some in China even caused their wives and children to be separated and they had to jump off a building to drink pesticides. In order to avoid such risks in Singapore, a team of lawyers will be invited to strictly review the blockchain white paper.
4. Another advantage of blockchain companies registering in Singapore is that they can enjoy Chinese services throughout the process. Singapore is a multilingual country with 4 official languages, namely English, Malay, Chinese and Tamil. When registered companies communicate with the legal team, there is almost no language barrier throughout the process. This is why Singapore attracts Chinese blockchainImportant reasons for entrepreneurs.
5. In Singapore, Bitcoin can be withdrawn at any time and converted into Singapore dollars, which can be freely exchanged and circulated like Singapore dollars. Singapore is also very welcoming to blockchain companies, and many tax policies are quite tempting for registered companies.
6. In addition to Singapore, there are actually some other small countries such as the British Virgin Islands, Seychelles and Cayman, which also have very liberal settlement policies and preferential tax policies, but they are not favored by blockchain companies. The main reason is that registration in island countries and small countries will make investors worry that the company is a shell company, which will affect investor confidence, so these places are not the best choice for blockchain companies.

⑸ What does Binance do

Binance is a blockchain ecosystem and a global platform with operations in many countries and regions.

⑹ I want to participate in digital currency transactions, do you have any good suggestions?

If you want to participate in digital currency transactions, you must understand the digital currency ecosystem.

Digital currency exchange

It can be said that digital currency exchanges are the most important part of the entire industry. Digital currency exchanges provide investors and traders with financial channels for buying and selling digital currencies. At the same time, the trading activities of the exchanges determine the current prices of many digital assets.

According to CoinMarketCap, the capital flow of digital currency exchanges is huge, with the average daily trading volume of the top five exchanges exceeding US$3 billion.

There are hundreds of digital currency exchanges around the world, some operating globally for the mainstream market, while some focus on niche markets.

For example, AAX is committed to providing services to digital currency traders and institutional investors, integrating the digital currency world with the global economy, and providing unparalleled first-class technical capabilities using a matching engine powered by LSEG Technology .

Many alternative coins have successfully occupied a certain market share shortly after their launch. What digital currency exchanges have in common is that they jointly provide the development ground for these alternative coins.

Digital currencies are no longer limited to Bitcoin. Other digital currency assets such as ETH, XRP, BCH, USDT, LTC, EOS, XTZ, etc., find a place in the portfolios and diversification strategies of many digital currency traders.

Currently, digital currency trading has many similarities with Forex trading, as the basic principles, tools, indicators, and strategies used in Forex also apply to digital currency trading. AAX Academy’s Digital Currency Trading section discusses these topics in depth and breadth.

Blockchain Protocol

Blockchain is the underlying technology that makes digital currency possible. There are many different blockchain protocols, each with slightly different technical features, pros and cons.

For example, the Bitcoin blockchain relies on mining and POW (Proof of Work) mechanismsto process transactions, while another blockchain may use a DPOS (Delegated Proof of Stake) mechanism without mining. In addition to the Bitcoin blockchain, other notable protocols are ETH, Hyperledger, EOS, XLM, IOST, KIN, TRX, and STEEM. Among these blockchain protocols, ETH (Ethereum) deserves credit for driving rapid innovation across the entire digital currency ecosystem.

The Ethereum platform was created by Vitalik Buterin, marking that developers can better utilize the resources of the platform by using its own programming language Solidity. Ethereum made blockchain technology popular, creating a new world of innovative decentralized applications based on smart contracts and custom tokens. Most altcoins currently are based on Ethereum’s ERC20 standard.

The decentralized finance movement, or DeFi for short, is also basically built on the Ethereum blockchain protocol.

Financial Services

For every service that exists in traditional finance, Ethereum-based DeFi applications have corresponding alternative versions accessible to everyone. DeFi applications allow users to create stablecoins, lend funds and earn interest, send and receive payments, obtain loans, conduct transactions, take positions on prediction markets, enter the real estate sector and much more. Smart contracts are the key to making decentralized services possible. Smart contracts automatically perform pre-agreed activities once certain conditions are met.

At the same time, traditional finance has also begun to turn to providing new customized services for the digital currency field. Currently, some fund managers offer investors the option of adding digital currencies to their portfolios, custodians provide security services to investors who have invested large amounts of money in digital currencies, and many analysts in mainstream media (such as Bloomberg) are also concerned about There is a lot of interest in digital currencies.

Cryptocurrency Hardware

For those who prefer to build their own security measures, there is a huge market for cryptocurrency hardware that caters to professional traders and long-term holders (HODLers). Tool of. Trezor and Ledger are the most reputable hardware wallets, and both essentially offer the same value to digital currency traders, namely a more secure way to store digital currency.

Of course, digital currencies stored in hardware wallets cannot be traded on the market. Therefore, digital currency traders often allocate funds between hardware wallets and exchanges at a certain ratio based on their trading style preferences.

Data Aggregators and Blockchain Analytics

There is so much activity across blockchains that a huge amount of data is being generated and has given rise to sub-industries namely Data Aggregators and Blockchain The emergence of the blockchain analytics industry. Companies like CoinMarketCap are the go-to source for quickly checking digital currency and exchange data. They collect trading volume, liquidity, market capitalization, price action, float and the overall industryStatistics, such as the total number of currencies, market volume, industry market capitalization and BTC market capitalization share.

Those who are more interested in blockchain analysis can find the data they need on websites like Blocktivity. Here, you can view relevant data for each individual blockchain protocol, including the number of operations in the last 24 hours, the average number of operations in the last 7 days, market capitalization, and the CUI index, which is what remains after the actual usage of the current blockchain protocol Available capacity. Taken together, these websites can provide valuable insights specific to the blockchain industry.

For example, Ethereum has averaged 667,000 operations over the past 7 days, with a CUI slightly above 50%, while EOS has averaged 63 million operations over the same time frame, with a slightly lower CUI. at 50%. Technically speaking, the EOS protocol is more powerful than Ethereum. However, this cannot prevent Ethereum from occupying 70% of the total market capitalization of the most mainstream currencies.

Digital Currency Media and Conference

In today’s world, almost everyone is a publisher of content. Without the self-media industry, such a large-scale industry would cease to exist. Digital currency has spawned a broad media landscape, covering news media, KOLs and related conferences focusing on currencies, public chains and codes.

The leading digital currency media include Coindesk, Cointelegraph, Bitcoin Magazine, Decrypt, CCN, Bitcoinist, NewsBTC, etc. Some KOLs are also famous, and sometimes their audience even exceeds that of the news media.

YouTube celebrities such as DataDash, Dollar Vigilante, Altcoin Buzz, Ivan on Tech and Boxmining all have 200K to 300K subscribers. In the field of digital currency trading, CryptoTwitter’s top stars include VentureCoinist, CryptoCred and CryptoDonAlt, with 211K, 140K and 120K followers respectively.

If you want face-to-face communication with companies and people, the Digital Currency and Blockchain Conference is not to be missed. There are many conferences held every year around the world for investors, blockchain experts, startups, institutional finance, currency or protocol-related communities. In 2019 alone, we sponsored and attended Blockchain Live in London, The Capital Summit hosted by CoinMarketCap in Singapore, and Mobile World Congress in Shanghai. We had exciting meetings with other digital currency companies and major financial institutions, and established relationships with regulators from various jurisdictions.

Digital Currency Regulation

As the market and audience of the digital currency industry continue to grow, in most cases, financial regulationAgencies are still developing relevant frameworks to protect investors and consumers. Regulators can take very different approaches, which is certainly a challenge for companies operating across multiple jurisdictions.

During the ICO boom of 2017 and 2018, many projects were launched before the regulatory framework was established, while some did not comply with the jurisdiction’s guidelines and were halted during the fundraising process. It all stems from how digital assets are classified, and the understanding of classification is constantly changing. Currently, we distinguish digital assets into security tokens and utility tokens.

In the past year, with the introduction of Libra, the regulatory push has also increased. The central bank is also actively exploring the significance of blockchain technology to its policies and economic activities, and continues to publish reports.

The digital currency ecosystem is developing rapidly

These components that make up the digital currency ecosystem are growing and developing in an orderly manner, contributing to the increasingly sound industry. From niche interest in 2009 to an active digital asset economy, digital currencies have come a long way.

However, in order to achieve industry growth and broad participation, a strong ecosystem is not enough. We need to create better connections between digital currencies and global finance. The better the integration of digital currency and traditional finance, the easier it will be for newcomers to understand the digital currency ecosystem.

For everyone new, as exchanges, financial services, media and regulators adapt to mainstream consumer expectations, the digital currency industry will further develop, potentially improving investment outcomes.