区块链 联盟,区块链产业联盟

Ⅰ Are there any Chinese companies among the members of HyperLedger, the world’s largest blockchain technology alliance?

Yes, December 12, 2018 in Basel, Switzerland At the Hyperledger Global Summit, officials officially announced the list of 16 new members, including Light Tree Technology, Alibaba Cloud, Citigroup, and Deutsche Telekom. Among them, 12 companies including Light Tree Technology are official governing unit members.

Ⅱ Microsoft, Hyperledger and the United Nations join the Blockchain Identity Alliance ID 2020

Technology giant Microsoft and the blockchain alliance Hyperledger have joined the blockchain-based Digital Identity Project - ID2020 Alliance.

The news was announced yesterday at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, and the ID2020 alliance - which has also been joined by aid agency Mercy Corps and the United Nations International Computing Center - aims to provide Digital identity to improve people’s lives.

According to a press release, the group is developing solutions focused on giving users direct ownership and control of their personal data through the use of blockchain technology. The focus of the problem is that there are more than 1.1 billion people around the world who cannot prove their identity and therefore have difficulty accessing benefits and services. According to the World Bank, this situation also raises more serious issues such as human trafficking.

The project has so far received a $1 million donation from Microsoft, as well as donations from entities such as Accenture and the Rockefeller Foundation. Global consulting giant Accenture, one of the project's founding members, announced a $1 million investment last summer at the ID 2020 Alliance Summit in New York.

David Treat, general manager of Accenture’s global blockchain practice, said:

Decentralized, user-controlled digital identities have the potential to help refugees and other disadvantaged people unlock The potential for economic opportunity while improving the lives of those who just want to browse the web safely and privately.

The press release also explains that the digital identity owned by the user will include a legal form of government-issued identification and allow for seamless authentication of individuals and institutions.

Ⅲ How to learn blockchain technology_How to understand blockchain technology

1. Technical language

Python and Go are two languages ​​​​that are recruited by many companies All mentioned technical languages. Need to prioritize learning. Moreover, these two languages ​​​​also have great applications in the direction of sliding technology outside of the blockchain. For example, Go is used in largeBackend construction of concurrent systems, Python is used for artificial intelligence system construction. So learning these two languages ​​is a priority.

2. Technical framework

Master one or more of Bitcoin, ETH and Hyperledger. Needless to say, BTC is written in C at the bottom level. A large number of currency projects, such as Litecoin, Dash, Monero, zcash, etc., all use Bitcoin technology for secondary development.

ETH is the representative of blockchain 2.0, and various application Dapps can be built on the ETH network. Nowadays, a large number of application blockchain projects are developed using the ETH platform.

Hyperledgerfabric is a blockchain development platform strongly promoted by IBM. It is mainly used for the development of alliance chains and is currently the most popular alliance chain development platform.

3. Algorithm

POW (Proof of Work Algorithm), POS (Proof of Stake Algorithm), PBFT (Byzantine Fault Tolerance Algorithm), etc. are all important in the cryptography part of the blockchain Composition, a full understanding of these algorithms will help you have a better understanding of the cryptography part when participating in the underlying development of blockchain projects.

(3) Blockchain Industry Alliance Hyperledger Extended Reading:

Blockchain technology is a distributed accounting technology, and its characteristic is decentralization , open and transparent, allowing everyone to participate in the establishment of the database, and each created data cannot be tampered with. With everyone participating, the problem of trust between strangers is solved.

Blockchain technology has emerged. It is an accounting technology that allows all people to participate. The transaction information and data between AB are made public and cannot be tampered with. Everyone knows this. happens, then there is no need for any authoritative third-party C, or everyone in the system plays the role of C. This is also called decentralization.

IV The significance of the establishment of the Blockchain Alliance

The 2018 Global Media Blockchain Summit was held on the 19th at the Financial Hall of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Many media attending the meeting focused on the development prospects of blockchain , industry trends and other topics, they made suggestions on deepening media blockchain cooperation and promoting the healthy development of the industry, and jointly announced the establishment of the Global Media Blockchain Alliance.

According to reports, the alliance will provide an open access mechanism for media members, integrate resources, and create a trustworthy media blockchain platform. At the meeting, the Global Media Blockchain Alliance released the "Hong Kong Initiative", advocating that media disseminate advanced concepts, encourage ecological innovation, and continuously provide high-grade, high-quality information and services in the dissemination of information in the blockchain field.

Yu Guoming, executive dean of the School of Journalism and Communication at Beijing Normal University, pointed out at the summit that only through full development of media blockchain can a more sound and good media ecosystem be formed. Mainstream media must consciously assume social responsibility in the development of media blockchainresponsibility and become an organizer and builder to promote technological progress and business innovation.

Ding Laibin, secretary-general of the Global Media Blockchain Alliance, said that blockchain technology is expected to bring new changes to society and its healthy development needs to be protected. In terms of public opinion supervision in the blockchain field, the media should give full play to its role in exploring the value of the industry, combating industry fraud, and contributing to the development of the blockchain industry.

Source ifeng.com

IV What are the applications of blockchain tourism services

1. Consumption points management
Loyyal in New York, USA is providing services for Norway and Dubai has developed the "Du Points" project, which uses blockchain as the underlying technology and uses a gamified tour method to help tourists discover new attractions and guide tourists on their tour routes. Du Points will encourage tourists to choose attractions according to their own preferences through points tours, and dynamically collect points for redemption based on their ratings.
2. Reservation management
(1) Inventory management: Winding Tree is a B2B travel inventory trading platform that applies blockchain, including air tickets, hotel rooms, car rentals, destination tours and activities and other products.
Winding Tree is the only open source public blockchain in the tourism industry so far. It is built on the public Ethereum and has its own currency. It is a mature encrypted economic project. It aims to remove rent-seeking middlemen from the distribution system by creating a platform that allows suppliers to regain control of their inventory and display it at almost no cost.
(2) Air ticket booking: Russian Siberian Airlines (S7) and Alfa-Bank have cooperated to sell air tickets on the blockchain. One of the main advantages of using this technology is to speed up the payment process.
In December 2016, S7 and Alfa Bank performed the first letter of credit payment service using Ethereum smart contracts. Aeroflot, one of Russia's largest airlines, has also publicly stated that it is proposing to introduce digital assets and related technologies into the company's operating procedures.
(3) Travel agent: British social platform Cool Cousin launched an open source cryptographic token called CUZ based on the Ethereum platform for exchanging travel services and unique local information.
CUZ is a decentralized ecosystem that uses smart contracts to ensure the direct and secure exchange of knowledge and services between travelers and locals around the world. Cool Cousin's mission is to revolutionize the travel business in every city on the planet by connecting travelers with like-minded local Cousins ​​for the unmediated exchange of personalized information and personalized services.
As a decentralized travel service booking platform, domestic Tripio directly links global travel service providers (enterprises or individuals) through the blockchain network.People) and consumers, using travel accommodation booking as the entry point, have built a future travel service ecosystem based on trust, incentives and zero commission.
3. Loyalty programs for hotels and airlines
Singapore Airlines (SIA) announced in 2018 that it would launch a blockchain-based customer loyalty KrisFlyer program for flyers. SIA will launch a mobile digital wallet application within six months of this year, where users can purchase SIA tickets.
In addition, blockchain-based applications will allow KrisFlyer members to use miles to participate in retailer point-of-sale transactions, develop retail partnerships, and also provide users with more ways to spend points, thereby increasing customer incentives. and loyalty.
4. Track pilots’ professional certificates and qualifications
France’s Airbus, a participant in the Hyperledger Blockchain Alliance, is also exploring the possibility of blockchain applications. The test project is to use blockchain to track pilots professional certificates and qualifications, etc.
5. Credit consumption management
Airbnb is studying how to use blockchain technology to verify the credibility and identity information of landlords and users. On the Airbnb platform, credibility is extremely important. In the future, users can only rent if their credibility reaches a certain level. A specific type of house. Airbnb uses blockchain technology to better establish a reputation platform for merchants and travelers, and to effectively store identity information.
Joanne Zen, the founder of Backpack Chain in New Zealand, is leading the team to create the BTA (Backpack Blockchain Tourism Alliance) system, using underlying blockchain technology combined with Internet applications to create a new travel data trading platform, gradually replacing the traditional OTA system . The Backpack Chain system uses the concept of open source sharing and uses blockchain technology to establish an efficient, transparent, and credible global database to create a borderless tourism credit consumption sharing ecological community.
6. Digital Identity Management
In Estonia, blockchain technology has been used to develop electronic identity projects. It is reported that allowing non-Estonian residents to apply to become e-citizens in the country will enable these residents to enjoy a range of services provided by the country. Currently, Estonia uses this program to encourage talented people from all over the world to start businesses in the country.
7. Travel community reviews
Yuelu Chain is a decentralized travel community review platform based on the blockchain. It is committed to building TripAdvisor in the blockchain. It is also the first in the world to serve the real tourism economy. Blockchain. Peer-to-peer network technology based on blockchain and smart contracts allows every individual user or organization to participate in the process of building a shared ecology, thus forming a peer-to-peer "decentralized" ecosystem.
8. Travel
Travel travel chain uses advanced blockchain, big data and artificial intelligence technology to create an industry-leading travel sharing platform.Not only can a more fair and transparent travel system be established, but it can also provide new impetus for the shared travel ecology. In the travel chain ecosystem, various participants can share a new world of point-to-point decentralized travel.

VI What are the mainstream blockchain technologies?

This article attempts to provide an overview of blockchain-related technology schools and mainstream platforms as a guide for learning the blockchain technology system. Introducing ideas and promoting discussion and consensus in the blockchain development community. The schools of blockchain technology plan ahead of the battle. If you want to invest in the field of blockchain development, you must at least find out who the current players are and what their respective opinions and strengths are. There are no certain rules for dividing blockchain technology schools. As far as I can see, there may be the following four ways: The first is to divide it into public chain, private chain and alliance chain according to the node access rules. The representatives of the public chain are naturally Bitcoin and Ethereum, the private chain is the most famous R3 Corda, and the representative work of the alliance chain is Fabric under the name of Hyperledger. Public chains focus on anonymity and decentralization, while private chains and consortium chains focus on high efficiency, and often set entry barriers. These differences between public chains, private chains and alliance chains are all reflected in technology. For example, private chains and alliance chains assume that the number of nodes is not large, and the PBFT algorithm can be used to form a consensus. The public chain assumes a large and dynamically changing node network. Using PBFT is too inefficient, and only a lottery-like algorithm can be used to determine opinion leaders. This means that it is difficult for private chains and alliance chains to become public chains, and although it is easy to use public chains to make alliance chains or private chains, it is not plug-and-play. Scholars cannot ignore this difference. The second is that according to the sharing goal, it is divided into two groups: shared ledger and shared state machine. Bitcoin is a typical shared ledger, and Chain and BigchainDB should also fall into this category. These blockchain systems share a general ledger between various nodes, so it is more convenient to connect with financial applications. In another large type of blockchain system, each node shares a state machine that can complete Turing complete calculations, such as Ethereum and Fabric. They all change the state of the shared state machine by executing smart contracts, thereby achieving various complex functions. . The third is to divide the blockchain system into three generations: 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 according to the intergenerational evolution described by Melanie Swann. Among them, 1.0 supports decentralized trading and payment systems, 2.0 supports industry applications through smart contracts, and 3.0 supports decentralized social systems. Bitcoin and Chain should belong to the blockchain 1.0 system, while Ethereum and Fabric are blockchain 2.0 systems. There is currently no successful blockchain 3.0 system, but there is one unsuccessful attempt, which is the famous The DAO . The fourth is that according to the core data structure, it is divided into two factions: blockchain and distributed ledger. The blockchain school really implements a chain of blocks as the core data structure in the system, while the distributed ledger school only absorbs the spirit of the blockchain and does not really use a blockchain as the core.The central data structure, or although it is temporarily used, it is stated that the Zhuangwu blockchain is intended to be a distributed ledger. If time and opportunity come together, it may not be impossible to replace it. Mainstream blockchain technology platforms understand the division of schools, but they can still only be used to point out the country and brag. To start, there must be an entry point. It is said that there are thousands of blockchain currencies, but there are only dozens of technology platforms worth paying attention to. If you want to enter the field of blockchain development, lay a good foundation, practice good skills, and get a few good ones. offer, there are only a handful of platforms worthy of in-depth study and study. The first, of course, is Bitcoin. As the first and most successful and important model project of the blockchain, Bitcoin has been online for more than eight years without any serious security and operation and maintenance incidents. Its stability and power can be called contemporary software. System model. Bitcoin Core is an open source software with high code quality and good documentation. From the perspective of learning blockchain principles and mastering core technologies, Bitcoin Core is the best entry point to learn authentic blockchain technology. . Of course, Bitcoin Core is written in C++, and uses some C++11 and Boost library mechanisms, which puts higher requirements on learners' C++ level. Another advantage of learning Bitcoin platform development is that you can connect with the prosperous Bitcoin technology community. There are currently many people working on improving and upgrading Bitcoin. The more people there are, the more power there is. Newer ideas and technologies such as Segregated Verification, Lightning Network, and Sidechains have all taken the lead in being implemented in the Bitcoin community. For example, Blockstream, the main leader of sidechain technology, is led by crypto currency veteran Adam Back, and Blockstream is one of the largest contributors to Bitcoin Core, so some sidechain-related technologies are the most discussed in the Bitcoin community. However, there is great controversy as to whether Bitcoin, as a typical blockchain 1.0 system, is the best technical platform to support other types of blockchain applications. In addition, not everyone has the ability and necessity to be proficient in the underlying technology of blockchain. So for those who are eager to rush into the blockchain field to do (quān) things (qián), the more straightforward learning goals may be Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric. Smart contract development using Solidity on Ethereum is the easiest way to get into blockchain development, bar none. Ethereum's ideals are very grand. Because it is equipped with a powerful Turing-complete smart contract virtual machine, it can become the mother platform of all blockchain projects and is the big turtle that carries the entire blockchain world. Developing a cryptocurrency similar to Bitcoin on Ethereum is an out-and-out small goal. Generally, experienced developers can get started with the guidance of the documentation in half a day to a day. The question is, what happens after you get started? Can you conquer the world just by writing Solidity? This is highly doubtful. We can also say the other way around, ifEthereum + Solidity is the ultimate solution for blockchain, so why are there so many blockchain technology schools? In particular, Ethereum does not seem to have left a way out for giant centralized organizations in the real world. This completely uncompromising revolutionary attitude may also become an obstacle to the promotion of Ethereum. The current development of the Ethereum project is not going well. A more prominent problem is that there are too many projects and power is dispersed, resulting in uneven project quality. But despite this, compared with other blockchain 2.0 platforms, the development environment provided by Ethereum is the simplest and most complete. It is absolutely necessary for people who are new to blockchain to learn Ethereum to establish the most "authentic" understanding of blockchain and smart contracts. The third branch of the mainstream blockchain technology platform is Fabric, which is Hyperledger’s first and most well-known incubation project. Fabric first came from IBM's Open Blockchain project. By November 2015, IBM handed over the 44,000 lines of Go language code that had been developed to the Linux Foundation and incorporated it into the Hyperledger project. During a hackathon in March 2016, Blockstream and DAH merged their respective codes into Open Blockchain, which was later renamed Fabric. So far, Fabric and Sawtooth Lake provided by Intel are listed as the first-level incubation projects of Hyperledger, but the former has received far more attention than the latter. From a technical perspective, Fabric has a good idea, and its focus is to meet the commercial needs of enterprises, such as solving transaction volume issues. As we all know, Bitcoin’s biggest shortcoming is its upper limit of 7 transactions per second, which is completely unable to meet practical needs. Fabric's goal is to achieve 100,000 transactions per second. This volume is close to the instantaneous peak of the Double Eleven transaction volume that just passed, and can fully meet industry-level applications under normal conditions. Fabric is developed in Go language and also provides APIs in multiple languages. It is particularly worth mentioning that Fabric makes full use of container technology. For example, its smart contracts run in containers. This is also a benefit that Go language brings to Fabric, because the static compilation and deployment characteristics of Go language are very suitable for developing programs in containers. Fabric also has some features, such as its membership service that can set up node access review, which is a typical alliance chain feature. Another example is that its consensus algorithm is customizable. The shortcoming of Fabric is that the system is relatively complex. Although it has documentation, it is difficult for developers who lack experience to learn it. However, because of its clear positioning and catering to the mentality of many companies, many institutions are already secretly developing alliance chain projects in the industry based on Fabric.

Ⅶ Who are the representatives of the current blockchain alliance?

In the past two years, blockchain alliances have emerged. Who are the representatives? In the early stages of the development of the blockchain industryAt this stage, many enterprises and institutions have formed blockchain alliances to share blockchain technology research results and seek wider applications of blockchain technology. In the past two years, blockchain alliances have emerged. As of July 2017, there are currently R3 composed of more than 40 international banks, Hyperledger initiated by the Linux Foundation, and Zhongguancun District, located in the core hinterland of China’s Internet. The Blockchain Industry Alliance, the China Ledger Alliance co-sponsored by 11 institutions, the Golden Chain Alliance jointly established by 25 financial institutions, the Russian Blockchain Alliance known as the "Russian version of R3", and those seeking to integrate with micro-finance Blockchain Microfinance Industry Alliance, Qianhai International Blockchain Ecosystem Alliance led by Shenzhen Qianhai Administration Bureau, and Lujiazui Blockchain Financial Development Alliance located in Lujiazui. When everyone adds fuel to the fire, many institutions and talents join in to promote the vigorous development of blockchain.

Ⅷ What are the application examples of blockchain in the tourism industry

1. Consumption points management
Leou online cultural tourism platform is the world’s first covering food, accommodation, It is a blockchain tourism platform in the six major tourism fields of travel, travel, shopping and entertainment. It transforms the company's original old points system to a certain extent and converts it into new points independently issued by the company with blockchain as the underlying technology. , realize the free trading and exchange of points, make full use of the services and functions of points, help service providers achieve customer drainage, and help travel consumers obtain greater benefits.
2. Air tickets and hotel bookings: Russia’s Siberian Airlines (S7) and Alfa-Bank have partnered to sell air tickets on the blockchain. One of the main advantages of using this technology is to speed up the payment process.
3. Loyalty programs for hotels and airlines
Loyyal is a universal loyalty rewards platform based on blockchain and smart contract technology, which was presented at the 2016 industry theme conference held at Burj Al Arab Hotel in Dubai Use blockchain technology to enable tourists to better obtain consumer loyalty points to promote the development of the tourism industry. In addition, Singapore Airlines (SIA) also announced in 2018 that it would launch a blockchain-based customer loyalty KrisFlyer program for flyers.
4. Track pilots’ professional certificates and qualifications

France’s Airbus, a participant in the Hyperledger Blockchain Alliance, is also exploring the possibility of blockchain applications. The test project is to use zone Blockchain tracks pilots’ professional certificates and qualifications, among other things.
5. Credit consumption management
On the Airbnb platform, reputation is extremely important. Users whose credit reaches a certain level can rent specific types of houses. Airbnb uses blockchain technology to better establish a reputation platform for merchants and travelers, and to effectively store identity information.
6. Digital Identity Authentication
Joanne, the founder of New Zealand’s backpack chainZen is leading the team to create the BTA system, using underlying blockchain technology combined with Internet applications to create personal electronic digital identity authentication. When a user registers on the Backpack Chain APP, in addition to the regular registration process, the user's passport also needs to be scanned and facial recognition information uploaded, thus generating unique mobile personal ID information in the world. Each ID information owner will have a key, which is known only to the information owner.
7. Verify house information
Airbnb provides more than 2 million house information in 191 countries and has received 60 million customers. The P2P hotel website has achieved certain success in optimizing the one-stop process of hotel rental. It is also exploring the verification of house information, establishing a text message communication system to allow customers to communicate with landlords, and improving the payment experience.
8. Electronic identity management
In Estonia, blockchain technology has been used to develop electronic identity projects. It is reported that the country allows non-Estonian residents to apply to become e-citizens, similar to a permanent residence permit or identity card, which enables these residents to enjoy a range of services provided by the country. Currently, Estonia uses this program to encourage talented people from all over the world to start businesses in the country. Such plans would provide a significant boost to tourism in some destinations. You can pay more attention to bitmom

Ⅸ What kind of blockchain does the alliance chain belong to?

The alliance chain is still essentially a private chain. The alliance chain is still essentially a private chain. However, it is larger than the private chain developed by a single small organization, but not as large as the public chain. It can be understood that it is a blockchain between the private chain and the public chain. A consortium blockchain is a blockchain whose consensus process is controlled by pre-selected nodes; for example, imagine a consortium of 15 financial institutions, each running a node and requiring each block to be valid. It has been confirmed by 10 institutions (2/3 confirmed). The blockchain may allow everyone to read it, or it may only be limited to participants, or it may take a hybrid route, such as the root hash of the block and its API (application programming interface) that are made public, and the API allows outsiders to use it. Make a limited number of queries and obtain information about the blockchain status. These blockchains can be considered “partially decentralized.” Characteristics of the alliance chain 1. Partial decentralization is different from the public chain. The alliance chain is only owned by the members within the alliance to a certain extent, and it is easy to reach a consensus because after all, the number of nodes in the alliance chain is very limited. of. 2. Strong controllability: Once the blockchain is formed, the public chain cannot be tampered with. This is mainly due to the fact that there are generally a large number of nodes in the public chain. For example, there are too many nodes in Bitcoin, and it is almost impossible to tamper with the block data. , and the alliance chain, as long as the majority of all institutions reach a consensus, the block data can be changed. 3. Data will not be made public by default. Unlike public chains, the data of the alliance chain is only accessible to institutions and users in the alliance. 4. The transaction speed is very fast, just like the private chain, the essence of the alliance chainIt is still a private chain, so due to its small number of nodes, it is easy to reach consensus and the transaction speed is naturally much faster. There are currently many alliance chain applications. The more well-known ones are: 1. R3 Blockchain Alliance. The R3 Blockchain Alliance was established in September 2015. At present, more than 40 international banking organizations have joined, and its members Almost all over the world. R3CEV is a well-known alliance chain 2. Hyperledger Hyperledger was launched by the Linux Foundation in 2015. 3. Russian Blockchain Shenqiao Chain Alliance (Russian version R3).