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㈠Blockchain Technology
Background: After the birth of Bitcoin, it was discovered that the technology was very advanced, and blockchain technology was discovered. Bitcoin and blockchain technology were discovered at the same time.
1.1 The purpose of the birth of Bitcoin:
①Currency transactions have records, that is, ledgers;
②The disadvantages of centralized institution accounting - it can be tampered with; Yi Chaofa
Bitcoin solves the first problem: anti-tampering - hash function
1.2 hash function (encryption method)
① Function: convert any A string of length, converted to a fixed-length (sha256) output. The output is also called a hash value.
② Features: It is difficult to find two different x and y such that h(x)=h(y).
③Application: md5 file encryption
1.3 Blockchain
①Definition
Block: Split the general ledger into zones Block storage
Blockchain: On each block, add a block header. It records the hash value of the parent block. By storing the hash value of the parent block in each block, all blocks are connected in order to form a blockchain.
②How does the blockchain prevent transaction records from being tampered with?
After the blockchain is formed, tampering with any transaction will cause the hash value of the transaction block to be different from that of its sub-blocks. , tampering was discovered.
Even if you continue to tamper with the hash value in the sub-block header, the hash value in the sub-block will be different from that in the grandchild block, and the tampering will be discovered.
1.4 The essence of blockchain
①The essence of Bitcoin and blockchain: a big ledger visible to everyone, only recording transactions .
②Core technology: Through cryptographic hash function + data structure, it ensures that the ledger records cannot be tampered with.
③Core function: Create trust. Fiat currency relies on government credibility, and Bitcoin relies on technology.
1.5 How to trade
① To conduct transactions, you need an account number and password, corresponding to the public key and private key
Private key: a string of 256-bit binary numbers , no application is required to obtain it, and you don’t even need a computer. You can generate the private key by tossing a coin 256 times.
The address is converted from the private key. The address cannot reverse the private key.
The address is the identity, which represents the ID in the Bitcoin world.
After an address is generated, it can only be known by everyone if it enters the blockchain ledger.
②Digital signature technology
Signature function sign (Zhang San’s private key, transfer information: Zhang San transferred 10 yuan to Li Si) = signature of this transfer
Verify Korean verify (Zhang San’s address, transfer information: Zhang San transfers 10 yuan to Li Si, signature of this transfer) = True
Zhang San uses his own private key through the signature function sign() key to sign this transaction.
Anyone can verify whether the signature was issued by Zhang San himself who holds Zhang San's private key by verifying the Korean vertify(). It returns true, otherwise it returns false.
sign() and verify() are cryptographically guaranteed not to be cracked. ·
③Complete the transaction
Zhang San will provide the transfer information and signature to the entire network. Under the premise that the account has a balance, after verifying that the signature is true, it will be recorded in the blockchain ledger. Once recorded, Zhang San's account will be reduced by 10 yuan, and Li Si's account will be increased by 10 yuan.
Supports one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many transactions.
In the Bitcoin world, private keys are everything! ! !
1.6 Centralized Accounting
① Advantages of Centralized Accounting:
a. No matter which center keeps accounts, don’t worry too much
< p> b. Centralized accounting, high efficiency②Disadvantages of centralized accounting:
a Denial of service attack
b Stop service after getting tired
p>c Central institutions are vulnerable to attacks. For example, destroying servers and networks, committing self-intrusion, legal termination, government intervention, etc.
All attempts at confidential currencies with centralized institutions in history have failed.
Bitcoin solves the second problem: how to decentralize
1.7 Decentralized accounting
①Decentralization: Everyone can keep accounts. Everyone can keep a complete ledger.
Anyone can download open source programs, participate in the P2P network, monitor transactions sent around the world, become an accounting node, and participate in accounting.
② Decentralized accounting process
After someone initiates a transaction, it is broadcast to the entire network.
Each accounting node continues to monitor and continue transactions across the entire network. When a new transaction is received and the accuracy is verified, it is put into the transaction pool and continues to be propagated to other nodes.
Due to network propagation, the transactions of different accounting nodes at the same time are not necessarily the same.
Every 10 minutes, one person is selected from all accounting nodes in a certain way, and his transaction pool is used as the next block and broadcast to the entire network.
Other nodes delete the transactions that have been recorded in their own transaction pool based on the transactions in the latest block, continue accounting, and wait for the next selection.
③ Features of decentralized accounting
A block is generated every 10 minutes, but not all transactions within these 10 minutes can be recorded.
The accounting node that obtains the accounting rights will be rewarded with 50 Bitcoins. After every 210,000 blocks (approximately 4 years), the reward is halved. The total amount is about 21 million, and it is expected to be mined in 2040.
Recording the reward of a block is also the only way to issue Bitcoin.
④ How to allocate accounting rights: POW (proof of work) method
Compete for accounting rights by calculating mathematical problems on several accounting points.
Find a random number that makes the following inequality true:
There is no other solution except traversing the random numbers starting from 0 and trying your luck. The process of solving the problem is also called mining.
Whoever solves the problem correctly first will get the accounting rights.
If a certain accounting node finds the solution first, it will announce it to the entire network. After other nodes verify that it is correct, a new round of calculation will start again after the new block. This method is called POW.
⑤ Difficulty adjustment
The generation time of each block is not exactly 10 minutes
As Bitcoin develops, the computing power of the entire network does not increase.
In order to cope with changes in computing power, the difficulty will be increased or decreased every 2016 blocks (about 2 weeks), so that the average time for each block to be generated is 10 minutes.
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㈡ What does blockchain mean?
In the narrow sense of block The chain is a distributed ledger that is difficult to tamper with and difficult to forge. The DB blocks are designed to form a chain franchise algorithm in chronological order and are guaranteed by a cryptographic algorithm. In a broad sense, blockchain applications use data asset structures to verify and store information, use consensus algorithms of distributed nodes to generate and refresh data, and use cryptographic algorithms to ensure the security of data transmission and browsing. The application is composed of automatic scripts. Intelligent contracts, programming and new distributed infrastructure construction and calculation methods using data.
What does blockchain mean?
Blockchain technology is actually quiteBased on a decentralized database system, it consists of a long list of db blocks. Each DB block contains a Bitcoin transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of its information and form the next block.
What are the application scenarios of blockchain technology?
The main application areas of blockchain technology include: virtual currency, commodity transaction clearing, data government affairs, verification and anti-counterfeiting label network services and other industries. Ou Sen's block chain is a database technology that links DB blocks in an orderly manner. It is responsible for recording and encrypting file data to ensure that the data cannot be modified or falsified.
Blockchain technology can essentially be a distributed system that is participated in, maintained together, and continuously grown, also known as a distributed shared resource ledger. Each page in the shared resource ledger is a block, and each block is full of transaction details. The anonymity, decentralization, openness, transparency and difficulty in tampering of blockchain have made it favored by enterprises and has been widely used.
iii What is blockchain
Let’s talk about some basic concepts first.
The network said that blockchain is a new usage model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. It is essentially a decentralized database, and as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by cryptography.
We try to translate "what is blockchain" into "human language".
The definition refers to the "decentralized database" nature of blockchain3354. This is very different from the traditional "centralized database" in storage, update and operation.
A centralized database can be thought of as having this shape:
For example, if I want to use Alipay to pay a Taobao seller, all data requests from when I make money to when he receives the money will be centrally processed by Alipay. The advantage of this data structure is that as long as Alipay is responsible for the efficient and safe operation of the system, others can unconditionally believe it without worrying; the disadvantage is that if there is a problem with Alipay, such as being hacked, the server being burned, a traitor appearing, and the company running away (Of course, the possibility of the above is extremely low), the balance details and other information in our Alipay will be confused.
Then some people think that this kind of low-probability event can use any technical means to avoid individual risks, and not only hand over the data to a centralized organization. For example, everyone can store and process data.
The database structure may look like this:
This picture is a schematic structural diagram of a "distributed database". Each point is a server, they all have equal rights to record and calculate data, and information is spread point-to-point. At first glance, it seems that it can indeed resist the risk caused by the crash of a certain node, but it is also very confusing and inefficient intuitively. Who will handle my information, and who has the final say on the outcome?
At this time, the "consensus mechanism" in the definition of blockchain comes into play. The consensus mechanism mainly "stipulates" the following things: who will handle a data request (what qualifications are required); who will verify the result (to see if he has handled it well); how to prevent processors from processing itCollusion with inspectors, etc.
Some people may like to be questioned when a "rule" is made. In order to form a stronger consensus, in addition to making the rules more reasonable, they must also be more attractive so that people are interested and motivated to participate in data processing. This involves the incentive mechanism of the public chain. We will start again later when we discuss the classification of blockchain and the role of digital currencies.
When we hand over a transaction to a distributed network, there is also a "psychological threshold": there are so many nodes that can process information, and I don't know any of them (unlike Alipay, if it hurts me, I can go and file a lawsuit against it). They all have my data, why should I trust them?
At this time, encryption algorithm (the last descriptive word in the definition of blockchain) comes on stage.
In the blockchain network, the data requests we send will be encrypted according to cryptographic principles into a string of characters that the recipient cannot understand at all. Behind this encryption method is the support of a hash algorithm.
Hash algorithms can quickly convert any type of data into hash values. This change is one-way irreversible, deterministic, random, and anti-collision. Because of these characteristics, the person handling my data request could record the information for me, but they had no idea who I was or what I was doing.
So far, the working principle of the decentralized network has been introduced. But we seem to have overlooked one detail. The previous diagram is a net. Where are the pulleys and chains? Why do we call it blockchain?
To understand this matter, we need to clarify a few knowledge points first:
The previous picture is actually a "macro" database perspective, showing the basic rules and processes of the blockchain system for processing information. . And specifically at the "micro" data log level, we will find that the ledger is packaged, compressed, stored in blocks, and strung together in chronological order to form a "chain structure", like this:
Figure Each ring in can be regarded as a building block, and many links are linked together to form a blockchain. Blocks store data, unlike ordinary data storage: on a blockchain, the data in a later block contains the data in the previous block.
In order to academically explain the fields of each part of the data in the block, we tried to use a book metaphor to describe what a blockchain data structure is.
Usually, when we read a book, we read the first page, then the second and third pages. The spine is a physical existence that fixes the order of each page. Even if the book is scattered, the order of each numbered page can be determined.
Inside the blockchain, each block is labeled with a page number, the second page contains the first page's content, the third page's content contains the first and second page's content. The tenth page contains the previous Nine pages of content.
It is such a nested chain that can be traced back to the original data.
This brings up an important attribute of blockchain: traceability.
When the data in the blockchain needs to be updated, that is when new blocks are generated in sequence, the "consensus algorithm" comes into play again. This algorithm stipulates that a new block can only be obtained by the entire networkIt can only be formed with the approval of more than 51% of nodes. To put it bluntly, it is a matter of voting, and it can be elected if more than half of the people agree. This makes the data on the blockchain difficult to tamper with. If I were to force a change, there would be too many people to bribe and the cost would be too high to be worth it.
This is what people often call the "non-tamperable" feature of blockchain.
Another reason why blockchain gives people a sense of trust is because of "smart contracts."
Smart contracts are commitment agreements defined and automatically executed by computer programs. It is a set of transaction rules executed by code, similar to the current automatic repayment function of credit cards. If you turn on this function, you don’t have to worry about anything. The bank will automatically deduct the money you owe when it is due.
When your friend borrows money from you but doesn't remember to pay it back, or makes excuses not to pay it back, smart contracts can prevent breach of contract. Once the terms in the contract are triggered, such as when it is time to repay the money, or there is a limit in his account, the code will automatically execute, and the money he owes you will be automatically transferred back whether he wants it or not.
Let’s briefly summarize. Blockchain technology is mainly decentralized, difficult to tamper with, and traceable, which represents more security and trustlessness. But it also brings new problems: redundancy and inefficiency, which requires many nodes to agree with the rules and actively participate.
This concludes the "drying" section. Next, let’s talk about unofficial history and the official history of blockchain.
A new technology is often used to serve a certain task.
Or goals. So where was blockchain first used, and who came up with it first?
Let's go back to 2008.
On September 21, Wall Street investment banks collapsed one after another, and the Federal Reserve announced that it would convert the only two remaining investment banks (Goldman Sachs Group and Morgan Stanley) into commercial banks; it hoped to survive the financial crisis by absorbing savings. On October 3, the Bush administration signed a $700 billion financial rescue package.
Twenty-eight days later, on November 1, 2008, a new post appeared in a cryptography mailing group: "I am developing a new electronic currency system that is completely peer-to-peer and does not require a third party. Three-party trust institution." The text of the post is a paper titled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", signed by Satoshi Nakamoto.
The paper explains the design of this peer-to-peer electronic cash system with a more rigorous logic. It first discusses the problem that financial institutions are subject to "trust based" (based on credit), and then explains step by step how to achieve "no third-party agency" , and cleverly solved the technical problems left by the predecessors.
Two months later, Satoshi Nakamoto released the first version of the open source Bitcoin client and mined 50 Bitcoins for the first time. The block that generated the first batch of Bitcoins is called the "Genesis block". The genesis block was compiled into block 0 and was not uploaded to the chain. It took Satoshi Nakamoto 6 days to mine this block. This was also cited in the bitcointalk forumPosting a discussion, Bitcoin "believers" thought of the Bible, "God created the heavens and the earth in six days, and then rested on the seventh day."
Although concepts such as decentralized, token, and economy did not appear in the paper, Satoshi Nakamoto explained in detail the role of blocks and chains in the network. working principle. So, there is Block Chain.
This paper later became the "Bible" of the "Bit Cult", technology became the cornerstone of faith, and developer documentation became the "Code of Hammurabi".
After that, Bitcoin realized the first real-life payment by exchanging pizza, WikiLeaks, whose account was blocked by the US government, miraculously survived by relying on Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto's "decentralization" and retirement, and the appearance of the real and the fake A series of legends such as and refutation of rumors, combined with the expectations, imagination and speculation of later generations, became "Bible stories".
There are also people who are not satisfied with the world described in the "Old Testament" and start new sects, write the doctrines into white papers, and tell the story of their faith in the ten years after Bitcoin. Just like the writing of the 66 books of the Bible spanned 1,500 years, and after 2,000 years of interpretation, Christianity has divided into 33,000 branches.
CoinMarketCap shows that there are more than 4,900 types of digital currencies, and the overall digital currency market size is nearly 140 million yuan. Bitcoin still leads the entire digital currency market with a market share of 66%, and the recent price has been hovering around US$7,200 per coin.
So many currencies have different functions and are divided into different categories: digital currencies represented by Bitcoin are positioned as "digital gold" and have certain value storage and hedging characteristics; Ethereum The digital currency represented by Bitcoin has become the "operational fuel" in its network system; the stable currency represented by USDT and Libra has good payment properties due to its low volatility; the digital currency issued by the central bank represented by DCEP will definitely To a certain extent, it replaces M0, allowing commercial institutions and ordinary people to receive and pay without delay when they are out of cash and disconnected from the Internet.
It can be seen that after 10 years of development of blockchain technology, the first and largest application is digital currency.
Digital currency has also become an attractive reward for participants to maintain the public chain.
So besides digital currency, where else can blockchain technology be used?
Let us recall what the essence of blockchain is—a decentralized database, and its corresponding characteristics: traceability, publicity, anonymity, and tamper-proofing. In theory, you can try to use blockchain to transform traditional scenarios that use centralized databases to see if they are suitable.
Next, let’s talk about several industries and scenarios where blockchain has been successfully implemented:
Blockchain can prove the existence of a certain file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamps, providing judicial authentication, Identity certification, property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting traceability, etc. provide perfect solutions
In the field of anti-counterfeiting traceability, blockchain technology is used to track the supply chainTechnology can be widely used in various fields such as food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, and luxury goods.
Give two examples.
Blockchain can allow government data to be run, greatly streamlining service processes
The distributed technology of blockchain can allow government departments to be centralized on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts, and the workers only need to be in one department Through identity authentication and electronic signature, smart contracts can be automatically processed and transferred, and all subsequent approvals and signatures can be completed in sequence.
Blockchain invoices are the earliest use of blockchain technology in China. The tax department launched the "Tax Chain" platform for blockchain electronic invoices. The tax department, the issuer, and the payee join the "Tax Chain" network through unique digital identities, truly realizing "instant invoicing for transactions" and "instant reimbursement after invoicing" - in seconds Level invoicing and minute-level reimbursement accounting significantly reduce tax collection and management costs, and effectively solve problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one ticket, and tax evasion.
Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Utilize the characteristics of openness, transparency, traceability, and non-tampering of blockchain technology to achieve transparent use, precise investment, and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.
Give two examples as well.
The eID network identity operation agency guided by the Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security is jointly developing a "digital identity chain" with Gongyilian, which will be issued to Chinese citizens based on the citizen's identity number as the root and cryptographic algorithm. Since it was put into operation, the eID digital identity system has served the full life cycle management of 100 million eIDs, effectively alleviating the problems of personal identity information being fraudulently used, abused and privacy leaked.
Odaily Planet Daily compiled 5 identity chain projects registered with the Cyberspace Administration of China
Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes
In terms of payment and settlement, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, there are many markets Participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time. In just a few minutes, they can complete payment, clearing, and settlement tasks that currently take two or three days to complete, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and safe. Regulators can easily track transactions on the chain and quickly locate high-risk capital flows.
In terms of securities issuance transactions, the traditional stock issuance process is long, costly and complicated. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish a fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channel. The issuer can handle the issuance on its own through smart contracts. , regulatory authorities conduct unified review and verification, and investors can also bypass intermediaries for direct operations.
In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish a consortium chain network covering core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. The core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers to their suppliers. After the bills are digitized and uploaded to the chain, they can be uploaded to the supplier flow between eachFirst-tier suppliers can obtain corresponding amounts of financing based on digital bill certificates.
Give me an example.
The China Enterprise Cloud Chain, jointly launched by ICBC, Postal Savings Bank of China, 11 central enterprises, etc., has covered 48,000 companies since its establishment in 2017, with the amount of rights confirmed on the chain reaching 100 billion yuan, and factoring financing of 57 billion yuan. , cumulative transactions reached 300 billion yuan. After receiving the loan application, financial institutions can verify the authenticity of the contract on the chain and whether the contract has been verified multiple times (multiple loans); the smart contract automatically clears and settles, reducing costs and increasing efficiency; at the same time, the accounts payable of core enterprises can have The corresponding vouchers will be split by the first-level suppliers and handed over to the second- and third-level suppliers in the chain to help them with financing; core enterprises can also use this to understand whether the entire chain is operating normally and avoid emergencies. Redemption pressure.
Blockchain technology will greatly optimize the existing use of big data and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing
The aforementioned areas are areas that we are relatively familiar with. As more new technologies develop, blockchain may be able to be combined with them and play a role in unexpected cross-fields and new scenarios that are currently unforeseen.
In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will generate massive amounts of data. The existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges. Edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for the use of all data such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence.
Finally, blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculations while protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data islands" and realize the value of data circulation.
In response to the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and use needs of general business users, many traditional cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("Blockchain as a Service") solutions. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce enterprise blockchain deployment costs and promote the implementation of blockchain usage scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also play an important role in many fields such as charity, insurance, energy, logistics, and the Internet of Things.
During this trial process from traditional technology to blockchain, we found that when certain scenarios have stronger demands for traceability, tamper-proofing, and decentralization, they also have problems with the weaknesses of blockchain (such as performance). , the requirements are not high, and this field is quite suitable for combining blockchain.
At the same time, in the process of blockchain evolution, it has also developed from a highly decentralized public chain accessible to everyone to a consortium chain with different permissions and maintained by multiple centers. Balances the advantages and disadvantages of the two systems.
Typical examples of alliance chains include: FISCO BCOS jointly developed by WeBank and the Golden Alliance Open Source Working Group, Fabric, a major contribution from IBM, and Ant Alliance Chain led by Ant Blockchain, etc.
These trustless systems represent more secure data authentication and storage mechanisms, where data is effectively authenticated and protected. business orIndividuals can exchange or enter into contracts digitally, where these contracts are embedded in code and stored in transparent, shared databases where they cannot be deleted, tampered with, or revised.
It is boldly predicted that in the future, contracts, audits, tasks, and payments will all be digitized with unique and secure signatures. Digital signatures will be permanently identified, authenticated, legalized, and stored, and cannot be tampered with. There is no need for an intermediary to guarantee each of your transactions. You can conduct transactions without knowing the basic information of the other party. While improving information security, it effectively reduces transaction costs and improves transaction efficiency.
Generally speaking, there has been a lot of progress in the implementation of blockchain compared to two years ago.
Many improvements are at the bottom of the system, and users cannot directly see that blockchain is used, but they have actually benefited from it; some applications are still in pilot mode, and users have not yet been able to experience it. In the future, blockchain is expected to be used on a large scale and become one of the Internet infrastructure.
I hope that after reading this, you have a general understanding of what blockchain is and what blockchain can do.
Related Q&A: What is blockchain
Blockchain is actually equivalent to a disintermediated database, which is composed of a series of data blocks. Each of its data blocks contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information and generate the next block.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgeable. distributed ledger.
In a broad sense, blockchain is actually a distributed infrastructure and computing method, which is used to ensure the security of data transmission and access.
Blockchain infrastructure:
Blockchain is composed of six infrastructures: data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and usage layer.
㈣ What is blockchain and what are its uses? Will it become a new trend?
Three questions about blockchain (economic hot spots)
In recent times, there have been many concerns about Bitcoin The news is very eye-catching, and blockchain has also become popular. In the capital market, the stock prices of various blockchain concept stocks rise and fall like a thrilling roller coaster. It can be seen from the responsive capital market that blockchain is on the forefront and has received great attention from all parties.
"Blockchain technology is essentially a database technology, specifically a ledger technology. The ledger records the asset changes and transactions of one or more accounts. In fact, it is A database with the simplest structure. The running accounts we usually write down in small notebooks and the statements sent by the bank are all typical account books." Wang Jun, chief researcher of Tencent Financial Technology Think Tank, said that security is an aspect of blockchain technology. Its major features are mainly reflected in two aspects: first, the distributed storage architecture, the more nodes, the higher the security of data storage; second, its tamper-proof and decentralized ingenious design, it is difficult for anyone to not follow the rules change the data.
Take online shopping transactions as an example. The traditional model is that the buyer purchases the goods and then transfers the money to the intermediary platform of a third-party payment institution. After the seller ships the goods and the buyer confirms receipt, the buyer then notifies the payment institution to transfer the money to the seller's account. . The transaction model supported by blockchain technology is different. Buyers and sellers can trade directly without going through any intermediary platform. After the buyer and seller trade, the system releases the transaction information through broadcast. All hosts that receive the information record the transaction after confirming that the information is correct, which is equivalent to all hosts making data backups for this transaction. Even if there is a problem with a certain machine in the future, it will not affect the data recording, because there are countless machines as backup.
When it comes to blockchain, many people associate it with Bitcoin, and many people even equate blockchain with Bitcoin. He Fei said that Bitcoin is a presentation method of blockchain, but blockchain is not the same as Bitcoin. Blockchain is the underlying technology and infrastructure of Bitcoin, and Bitcoin is a successful application of blockchain, but it does not mean that blockchain can only be applied to Bitcoin.
What is the use of blockchain?
It can solve the pain points and difficulties in many fields such as finance, public welfare, supervision, and anti-counterfeiting, but there are many applicable conditions
Financial services are the first application field of blockchain technology. The use of blockchain technology can solve pain points in many fields such as payment, asset management, and securities.
Take the payment field as an example. The cost of reconciliation, clearing, and settlement between financial institutions, especially cross-border financial institutions, is high and involves many manual processes. The high fees also make it difficult to carry out micropayment business. The application of blockchain technology can help reduce the cost of reconciliation and dispute resolution between financial institutions, and significantly improve the processing efficiency of payment services. In addition, the cost and efficiency advantages that blockchain technology brings to the payment field enable financial institutions to better handle small-amount cross-border payments that were previously considered unrealistic due to high costs, helping to achieve inclusive finance.
For example, in order to solve the problem of high reconciliation costs among financial institutions, in August 2016, WeBank and Shanghai Huarui Bank launched the Weilidai inter-institution reconciliation platform, which is also the first in production in China. Banking industry consortium chain application scenarios running in the environment. Zhang Kaixiang, chief architect of WeBank’s blockchain, believes that the high cost problem that the traditional “batch file reconciliation” model has not been able to solve for a long time is where blockchain technology comes in. Subsequently, Luoyang Bank and Changsha Bank also successively connected to the inter-institution reconciliation platform. Through blockchain technology, they optimized the inter-institution reconciliation process in the micro-loan business, achieving quasi-real-time reconciliation, improving operational efficiency, and reducing operating costs. Target. Up to now, the platform has been running stably for more than a year, maintaining zero failures, and the number of real transactions recorded has reached tens of millions.
In the field of public welfare, blockchain technology also has great potential. Ant Financial’s first application scenario involving blockchain was public welfare, helping a group of hearing-impaired children obtain a donation, and then using blockchain technology to promote more open public welfare.transparent. Hu Danqing, senior product expert at Ant Financial Technology Lab, said: "The blockchain charity platform is like us building a post office on the Internet specifically for mailing funds. Every money donated by users, we will package it into a The package is delivered through the blockchain platform. Every time it passes through a node, we will stamp a postmark and finally deliver it to the recipient. This ensures that every money donated by users is transparent, traceable, and difficult to tamper with. ”
Blockchain technology can play a big role in combating counterfeit goods. Hu Danqing introduced that Ant Financial uses blockchain technology to trace the origin of authentic products. At present, there are some overseas shopping products from Australia and New Zealand, such as milk powder. You can use Alipay to scan the products to know whether they are genuine. "Unlike the previous self-entered product information by merchants, blockchain allows multiple 'bookkeepers' to complete accounting fairly, independently, and non-repudiation."
For financial supervision, blockchain Technology can also play a role. The "Financial Blockchain Underlying Platform FISCO BCOS White Paper" released by the Financial Blockchain Cooperation Alliance (Shenzhen) in 2017 believes that blockchain provides financial regulatory agencies with consistent and easy-to-audit data. Data analysis can supervise financial businesses faster and more accurately than traditional audit processes. For example, in an anti-money laundering scenario, the balance and transaction records of each account are traceable, and no aspect of any transaction will be out of sight of supervision, which will greatly enhance anti-money laundering efforts.
Some people in the industry believe that blockchain 1.0 is mainly aimed at digital currency; blockchain 2.0 is aimed at smart contracts and can be applied in the financial market; blockchain 3.0 will be applicable to more scenarios, and even Create a "blockchain era".
He Fei believes that blockchain can indeed solve the pain points and difficulties in many fields, but blockchain is not a panacea and has many applicable conditions.
For example, the decentralized nature of blockchain technology is suitable for scenarios involving multi-party participation. If it is only unilateral or bilateral participation, it will be of little value. Since each node needs to be checked, blockchain technology is not suitable for high-frequency trading activities.
For another example, blockchain emphasizes openness and transparency and is not suitable for scenarios with particularly high data privacy requirements.
Will blockchain become a new trend?
The technology is not yet mature, so we must be wary of concept hype, and we must distinguish between technological innovation and fund-raising innovation. We cannot use blockchain for the sake of blockchain
The concept of blockchain is so Will Fire become another “Internet+” in the future?
In recent years, the development ecosystem of blockchain has gradually been improved and enriched. Industry insiders believe that with national policy support, widespread attention and financial support, blockchain technology can achieve gradual and stable progress. Although the upside prospects of blockchain technology are broad, we must remain calm about this.
“Although blockchain is currently very popular, we still believe that it is still in a very early stage.” Hu Danqing said,The concept of blockchain is currently experiencing false enthusiasm. It is not about using technology to solve real problems, but about raising funds to make money and hyping valuations. In particular, most of the so-called ICOs (Initial Coin Offerings) that are so popular are fund-raising tools. Innovation has nothing to do with technological innovation.
Blockchain technology can indeed create great value, but some risks cannot be ignored.
“Blockchain technology is not yet mature, and its application scenarios are relatively limited. We should be more wary of the concept of capital market speculation.” He Fei said that behind the blockchain boom, there will inevitably be some gimmicks and speculation. Companies that do not really carry out business, but just try to make a profit in the capital market and leave. We must be careful to prevent the occurrence of "bad money driving out good money", causing institutions that really want to do business to withdraw from the market, affecting the development of blockchain technology. application.
Hu Danqing suggested that for the current blockchain craze, regulatory authorities should intervene more proactively, distinguish between technological innovation and fund-raising innovation, and encourage government organizations, credible experts, and industry participants to jointly help the public Identify and comprehensively curb fund-raising innovation in the name of blockchain, so that the actual controller of ICO must bear responsibility for the fund-raising behavior. "The basis for judging whether it is technological innovation or fund-raising innovation is actually very clear, that is, whether it starts with trust and whether it creates actual value by solving the trust problem."
Better promotion and use of blockchain technology in the future , it is necessary to continue to improve infrastructure and strengthen the formulation of relevant laws and policies.
Wang Jun believes that there is still room for optimization and improvement in core blockchain technologies such as consensus algorithms; on the other hand, the processing efficiency of blockchain is still difficult to reach that of some high-frequency application environments in reality. Require. At present, the mainstream blockchain technology platforms all originated from abroad. Domestic blockchain technology service providers must patiently start from the bottom development, achieve independent and controllable technology, and strive to lead the development of global blockchain technology. Enterprises with blockchain application scenarios must actively embrace new things and scientifically evaluate their on-chain needs. They cannot use blockchain for the sake of blockchain.
He Fei believes that the government can introduce relevant policies to guide companies that are interested in participating in the research and development and application of blockchain technology, and at the same time clarify some suitable application scenarios of blockchain and areas encouraged by the state.
The "China Blockchain Technology and Application Development White Paper 2016" recommends that government departments at all levels learn from the advanced practices of developed countries and regions, combine the development of my country's blockchain technology and applications, and promptly introduce blockchain Technology and industrial development support policies focus on supporting key technology research, major demonstration projects, "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" platform construction, system solution research and development, and public service platform construction. At the same time, it is recommended that key domestic enterprises, scientific research, universities and user units strengthen cooperation to speed up research on core key technologies such as consensus mechanisms, programmable contracts, distributed storage, and digital signatures.
If it can bring money to the enterprise, it will become a hot topic.
㈤ What is blockchain
Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. Essentially, it is a shared database in which data or information is stored,It has the characteristics of "unforgeable", "leaving traces throughout the entire process", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collective maintenance".
Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid foundation of "trust", created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, and has broad application prospects.
From a technological perspective, blockchain involves many scientific and technical issues such as mathematics, cryptography, Internet and computer programming. From an application perspective, simply put, blockchain is a distributed shared ledger and database.
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database.
At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify its Validity of information (anti-counterfeiting) and generation of the next block.
In fact, the word blockchain does not appear in the original English version of the Bitcoin white paper [4], but chain of blocks is used. In the earliest Chinese translation of the Bitcoin white paper [9], chain of blocks was translated into blockchain.
㈥ What is the concept of blockchain
Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology.
Essentially, it is a shared database. The data or information stored in it has the characteristics of "unforgeable", "full traces left", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collectively maintained". . Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid foundation of "trust" and created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, which has broad application prospects.
On December 2, 2019, the word was selected into the top ten buzzwords of 2019 by "Biwenqiezi".
Related to blockchain financial applications:
Since 2016, major financial giants have also taken notice and launched blockchain innovation projects to explore the application of blockchain in various financial scenarios. Possibility of applying blockchain technology. In particular, Puyin Group took the lead in pioneering the “blockchain”-based digital currency.
The standard digital currency is an asset that has been identified, evaluated, confirmed, insured, etc. by a third-party organization and written into the blockchain through a rigorous digital algorithm to form a link between the asset and the digital currency. The standard correspondence relationship is called a standard digital currency.
In order to realize the great leap forward development of blockchain finance, in order to promote the new development of China's economy, accelerate the circulation of global assets, and realize the dream of rejuvenation that generations have been striving for, Puyin Group will On December 9, the Puyin Blockchain Finance Guiyang Strategy Release Ceremony was held in Guizhou.
The meeting will focus on the digital circulation of assets through blockchain, the blockchain financial transaction model, and the discussion on blockchainThe application of services and social public industries will be discussed. This conference will mark the beginning of the application of blockchain finance and the transformation and development of a new financial ecosystem.
㈦ What kind of technology is "blockchain"?
What kind of technology is "blockchain" Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. The "2014-2016 Global Bitcoin Development Research Report" released by the Internet Finance Laboratory of Tsinghua University PBC School of Finance and Sina Technology mentioned that blockchain is the underlying technology and infrastructure of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block. .
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgeable. Account book. Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and utilizes automated Smart contracts are composed of scripts that program and compute data in a new decentralized infrastructure and normalize computing.
Domestic blockchain application platforms include an asset custody system based on blockchain technology jointly developed by the digital currency crowdfunding platform Biying China, China Post and IBM.
Blockchain is a decentralized, distributed ledger system participated by nodes. The data stored on it cannot be forged or tampered with, and is open to the public. Transparent, the information and value recorded by each account at any point in history can be found on the blockchain. The characteristics of the blockchain protocol provide the necessary foundation for the execution of smart contracts. The contract can be automatically executed and trusted according to established conditions without the need for auditing by any centralized organization.
Blockchain technology is the underlying core of the Bitcoin system. Its essence is a decentralized ledger. When people conduct transactions through the Internet, a new transaction will be recorded on the ledger, and this ledger is A decentralized ledger is jointly maintained by everyone on the network. People can see ongoing transactions at the same time, and control is not in the hands of institutions or individuals. Transactions cannot be tampered with or forged, and they will be permanently stored in the ledger.
For example, the Tongxin Huzhu blockchain mutual aid platform has four major characteristics in applying blockchain technology:
Openness and transparency
Openness and transparency, once all information recorded on the blockchain is recorded, it will be very It is difficult to tamper with and cannot be hidden, and users can check it at any time.
Democratic decision-making
Bottom-up decision-making, blockchain proposes a variety of different consensus mechanisms to help users effectively form bottom-up decisions and jointly participate in major decisions.
Accurate execution of rules
Accurate execution of rules. The smart contract technology defined on the blockchain converts all rules into public and clear codes, which can be executed accurately and accurately. Once anyone is identified Cannot intervene.
Never downtime
Never downtime, the blockchain based on the public chain is not affected by any organization or individual. As long as the incentive mechanism is effective and the Internet exists, the blockchain will exist.
What is blockchain? Blockchain is a decentralized shared accounting technology that allows all parties involved to establish a trusting relationship at the technical level. Blockchain can be roughly divided into two levels: one is the underlying technology of the blockchain; the other is the upper-layer application of the blockchain, that is, the transformation, optimization or innovative application based on the blockchain. Blockchain is still in its infancy. Many people have discussed with me how we can ensure both rights and privacy at the same time. Of course, we are just exploring now. We need fair content across the entire network and clear protection. This is what I can only say. So far, this is my arrangement for the future.
Blockchain concept? The idea of blockchain is to be completely decentralized and rely on decentralized justice. In that case, theoretically the cost will drop a lot, proving that real assets and property rights can directly correspond to each other on the Internet. It has solved the problems of decentralization and asset ownership that were not solved by the first generation of Internet information. How big a role does big data play in financial innovation now? Only by registering big data can we know who it belongs to. In fact, this has always been a problem that we cannot solve now. This is not a small problem. If there is a technology in the capital market that makes the property rights of things that were originally unclear clear, that will be a big problem for us. The entire market is undergoing a huge transformation.
What is blockchain? Blockchain technology itself can solve data ownership, pricing and sharing mechanisms. This still cannot completely solve certain problems. To give a simple example when it comes to user privacy, I have a piece of data placed on the machine. The partner comes over and makes an insurance analysis to analyze the cooperation. There is a risk here. Or not, can we deal with it or clarify the property rights of the laboratory, and then clarify the processing rights and data rights. The common products produced by everyone are common to everyone. If we need to divide different things, how to price them and how to divide them? In addition to the technology of blockchain and a decentralized database, when it comes to the above mentioned tasks, it is another issue, and then there is the issue of pricing and the market mechanism. All fields have proven to recognize this rule, so this I think blockchain is a very good core technology, but it cannot cover all problems.
Introduction to Bubi Blockchain
Bubi Blockchain is mainly positioned to provide commercial-grade blockchain infrastructure services.It mainly includes building a blockchain system and building a support system with high scalability on top of the blockchain system. On top of this support system are applications from all walks of life. Bubi focuses more on the underlying technology of the blockchain. In the past three years or so, a team of more than a dozen people has devoted almost all their energy to the research and development of the underlying technology. The reason why Bubi Blockchain chooses points has something to do with the market's promotion method. As we all know, blockchain is a technology that is very suitable for the issuance and trading of digital assets. Points are a digital asset that is naturally legal and compliant, and has a small impact because of its small amount. Therefore, it is a very suitable choice to use points as your first attempt at digital asset issuance. Issuing points based on the blockchain can indeed bring great help to the circulation and mutual exchange of points.
What is blockchain? The application of blockchain technology in the field of property transfer is only one aspect. In addition to reducing property transfer costs, blockchain technology can also be applied to various fields involving company stocks, financial derivatives, and points programs of commercial institutions. The blockchain community is currently focusing on promoting the wider application of this technology in the field of financial assets. Relatedly, various platforms that are still under development have also received very considerable investment.
Blockchain concept? Structurally or by definition, these things are very different. The U.S. dollar, or any currency, from a typical definition, is primarily used as a medium of exchange or store of value for economic activities. Within the geographical scope where a certain currency circulates, people in the region reach a consensus on the use of this currency, making it convenient for everyone to use the same currency to purchase goods or services (the function of currency as a medium of exchange). There is a responsibility to manage the currency through monetary policy in order to ensure the preservation of the value of the currency and avoid the occurrence of inflation (the store of value function of currency). In today's world, almost everyone uses some form of currency in their daily lives.
What is blockchain? Even developers within the blockchain community often easily overlook the big picture mentioned above. There are many competitive projects in the blockchain community, and they are also full of various disputes about the evolution direction of blockchain technology. Over time, some projects in the community will be successful, and others will not be so lucky. Things will not always develop in the direction we expect, but no matter how these projects in the early blockchain community develop, one thing is very clear, that is, blockchain technology has brought us at least A revolutionary function: Blockchain technology will greatly reduce the cost of financial property transfer, and blockchain will be used to control, manage and transmit financial property.
What is blockchain? Blockchain concept? After a certain application analysis, we return to the starting point. The definition of this blockchain technology will surely become more and more abundant with the expansion of applications, and people will discover more mysteries of blockchain technology.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin.Nian is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block. .
The blockchain is public on the Internet and can be queried in every offline Bitcoin wallet information. The functionality of a Bitcoin wallet relies on confirmation with the blockchain, and a valid check is called a confirmation. Usually a transaction requires several confirmations before it can proceed. The lightweight Bitcoin wallet uses online confirmation, which means it does not download the blockchain data to the device storage.
Many of Bitcoin’s altcoins also use the same design, but are slightly different in proof of work and algorithm. For example, using proof of stake and SCrypt, etc.
Blockchain timestamp service and proof of existence
This concept was proposed in Satoshi Nakamoto’s white paper [1], who created the first block, the “genesis block”.
On January 3, 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto, the founder of Bitcoin, left an unchangeable sentence in the genesis block:
“The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second lout for banks (on January 3, 2009, the chancellor was on the verge of implementing a second round of bank bailout)."
It was then that the British chancellor Darling was forced to consider a second bailout of the banks. In a time of crisis, this sentence was the headline of a front-page article in The Times that day.
With the blockchain’s timestamp service and proof of existence, the time when the first blockchain was created and the events that were happening at that time are permanently retained.
The Bitcoin company BTCC launched a service "Millennium Chain" in 2015, which is a blockchain engraving service, which uses the above principles. Users can engrave text on the blockchain through this service and store it permanently.
Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ruitai Coin, and Qianjin Card are all digital currencies based on blockchain technology.
Chongqing Jinwowo analyzed: Blockchain is actually a decentralized distributed ledger database.
How popular is blockchain technology?
Blockchain technology makes DAC possible. DAC is something that can fundamentally subvert the organizational model of human society. I believe that its impact on society will surpass the Industrial Revolution and become the most profound change that the Internet has brought to the world.
The essence of blockchain technology is a method of data storage, transmission and certification that is decentralized and contained in a distributed structure. It replaces the current Internet with data blocks (Block). The road relies on a central server so that all data changes orAll transaction projects are recorded on a cloud system, which theoretically realizes self-certification of data during data transmission.
Blockchain technology can be applied to many industries:
Art industry
Ascribe allows artists to use blockchain technology to declare ownership, Issue numberable, 100% editions of your work in digital form for any type of artwork. It even includes a marketplace where artists can buy and sell through their website without the need for any intermediary services.
Legal Industry
BitProof is the most advanced of the many document timestamp applications that have emerged in recent years, and will make traditional notarization methods a thing of the past. Compared with free versions including Blocksgin and OriginStaemp, BitProof provides more services, including one for intellectual property rights. Interestingly, BitProof recently collaborated with a San Francisco IT school to put all their students’ academic certificates on the blockchain, completely redefining how diplomas and student certificates are processed and used.
Development Industry
Colu is the first company to allow other companies to issue digital assets. They can "tokenize" various assets and have a profound impact on many people. Although the free Bitcoin wallet Counerparty also allows simple tokens to be issued and traded among other wallet holders, Colu tokens can be configured in various states and types, and can leave and return to the system. , and when storing data on the blockchain is too large, the data can be stored on the BitTorrent network.
Internet Mutual Aid Industry
Tongxin Mutual Aid is the first blockchain online mutual aid platform to be implemented and applied. Technically, through blockchain and big data technology, it eliminates the shortcomings of the traditional online mutual aid model. Establish an open and transparent new online mutual aid platform.
Aite Cat is a virtual pet game produced under blockchain technology. This virtual cat is similar to Internet Letts Dog, 360 pet cat, and NetEase’s Planet are all the same type of blockchain virtual products. The difference between Aite Cat is that the entire cat design uses a 3D three-dimensional effect, making the cat’s The display is no longer a single picture, allowing the cat to move, which increases the fun of the cat.
What technology is the Huangbao blockchain system?The Huangbao blockchain is a powerful decentralized loop intelligence system. The Huangchain chain is referred to as HUANG. It is the first to be used in financial services, advertising media, games and entertainment, various life applications and other fields, becoming a blockchain 3.0 The representative virtual currency of the era, Media Chain 3.0 technology has the core characteristics of being safer, more efficient, more flexible, and more open. The widespread application of its technology will definitely lead toNew forms and new ideas in the global media industry can create convenient services and new concepts, which marks a new economic era unfolding in front of the public.
㈧What does blockchain mean?
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. Bu is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. It is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of information about Bitcoin network transactions, which is used to verify the validity of its information ( Anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.
2. In order to realize the great leap forward development of blockchain finance, in order to promote the new development of China’s economy, accelerate the circulation of global assets, and realize the renaissance that generations have been striving for. dream.
Puyin Group held the Puyin Blockchain Finance Guiyang Strategy Release Ceremony in Guizhou on December 9, 2016. At the meeting, the blockchain will realize the digital circulation of assets and the blockchain financial transaction model. , and discuss the application of blockchain services and social public industries.
㈨ How to obtain the blockchain key file
1. A method for retrieving the blockchain system key, which is characterized by including the following steps: Step 1. Create Original key pair; Step 2, calculate the business key pair based on the original key pair; Step 3, calculate the address and account based on the business key pair; Step 4, when the business key is lost, perform Step 2. 2. According to the claims The method for retrieving the blockchain system key described in 1, is characterized in that the original key pair includes an original private key and an original public key. 3. The method for retrieving the blockchain system key according to claim 2, characterized in that in step 1, creating an original key pair includes the following steps: Step 11. Generate an original seed using a random number. ; Step 12: Generate an original key pair from the original seed through an asymmetric encryption algorithm. The original key pair includes an original private key and an original public key. 4. The blockchain system key retrieval method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 2, the business key pair includes a business private key and a business public key. 5. The method for retrieving the blockchain system key according to claim 4, characterized in that in step 2, specifically, a business seed is generated according to the seed production data, and a business key is generated according to the business seed. Yes, it specifically includes the following steps: Step 21, use the original private key as the encryption key, perform a seed generation operation on the seed production data, and obtain a unique ciphertext as the business seed; Step 22, use the business seed The non-pair encryption algorithm generates a business key pair, which includes a business private key and a business public key. 6. The method for retrieving the blockchain system key according to claim 5, characterized in that the step 21, the seeding data includes the original public key or any other selected data. 7. The method for retrieving the blockchain system key according to claim 5, characterized in that in the step 21, the seed generation operation includes an hmac encryption algorithm operation, a salted hash encryption algorithm operation, Symmetric encryption algorithm operation or asymmetric encryption algorithm operation. 8. The method for retrieving the blockchain system key according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that the asymmetric encryption algorithm includes rsa algorithm, ecc algorithm, ecdsa algorithm, sm2 algorithm and sm9 algorithm. Any of them. 9. The method for retrieving the blockchain system key according to claim 5, characterized in that if the unique ciphertext is not a hash value, then a hash operation is performed on the ciphertext to obtain The hash value of the ciphertext is used as the service seed; if the ciphertext is a hash value, it can be directly used as the service seed, or the hash operation can be performed again or multiple times, and the obtained hash value is used as the service seed. 10. The method for retrieving the blockchain system key according to claim 7, characterized in that the symmetric encryption algorithm includes des algorithm, 3des algorithm, rc2 algorithm, rc4 algorithm, rc5 algorithm, aes algorithm, Any one of the sm1 algorithm, sm4 algorithm, sm7 algorithm and zuc algorithm.
㈩ What is blockchain
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Simply put, blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger database.
The meaning of data storage:
Data storage is a temporary file generated during the processing of data flow Or the information you need to find during processing. Commonly used storage media are disks and tapes. How storage is organized varies depending on the storage medium. Data on the tape is only accessed in sequential file mode; on the disk, it can be accessed sequentially or directly according to the usage requirements.
The data storage method is closely related to the organization of data files. The key is to establish the corresponding relationship between the logical and physical order of the records and determine the storage address to improve the data access speed. Among the various connection methods between servers and storage, DAS was once considered an inefficient structure and inconvenient for data protection.
Direct-attached storage cannot be shared, so it often happens that a certain server has insufficient storage space, while other servers have a large amount of idle storage space that cannot be used.
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