区块链在公共资源交易中心的应用,区块链在公共资源中的应用

① What is blockchain

In the simplest terms, blockchain is a distributed ledger.

To understand what this means, we first have to look at its opposite: a centralized ledger. Because blockchain technology started with finance, we will also introduce it below using banks as an example.

The following is our process for using bank debit card transactions:

You can swipe your card to purchase goods in stores.

The merchant sends a statement to your bank for the agreed upon amount.

Your bank will verify that you may have authorized the purchase.

The bank sends the money to the merchant.

Finally, the bank records this information in its ledger.

There’s a lot of technology involved here, but that’s basically it. The last step is important - the bank records all transactions made by the customer. This ledger goes all the way back to the first transaction the bank made.

This ledger is kept, maintained and regulated by the bank. You can read it in your online bank account, but you can't change it. The bank has complete control. If it decides to make a change, there's nothing you can do about it.

Crucially, if hackers were able to access a bank’s ledger, that could cause a lot of problems. They can change the account balance to make it look like certain transactions never occurred, etc.

This is why distributed ledgers are so cool.

Blockchain Network Visualization

If a bank operates on a distributed ledger, each member of the bank will have a copy of the ledger, and whenever any member of the bank When they make a purchase, they tell every other member of the bank.

Each member will validate the transaction and add it to the ledger (the added records are called "blocks"). This has some important benefits, as there is no centralized authority that can manipulate records. Hackers accessing one ledger won't be a big problem because other ledgers can easily verify it.

On the other hand, it requires a lot of work. In short, the second system is blockchain (at least in financial scenarios).

As mentioned above, blockchain is a decentralized list of transactions. If I send Xiao Ming 2 Bitcoins, I send a message to everyone in the network saying "I am sending Xiao Ming 2 Bitcoins" and they all record the transaction.

The future of blockchain, how will it change our lives?

One thing that is important about blockchain is that it is a public resource and no one really owns it because everyone owns it.

Blockchain is not just science fiction. We don't need to careUnderstand the mechanisms behind this technology, but you need to understand that it may completely change our lives in the next 20 years.

This may sound bold, but remember, 20 years ago we were browsing the Internet on Netscape, using state-of-the-art Motorola flip phones, and buying our first DVD players. At that time, if we imagined that a computer could be held in our hands and that we could buy cars, make payments, and watch movies, it would have been considered a fantasy.

Although the impact of blockchain may not be as obvious as the Internet, nor as tangible as mobile phones, blockchain will effectively solve many worries in daily life. Such as intermediaries cheating people, transaction delays, etc. In our current lives, middlemen are everywhere and we take them for granted as a part of life. If one day these intermediaries cease to exist, you will find that the world will become a different place.

Imagine that by 2040, blockchain may become a mature and widely used technology. When one day you can't live without the blockchain just like you can't live without the Internet now, you will be surprised to find that this decentralized accounting technology has simplified the complexity and become a part of your lifestyle

② What are the applications of blockchain technology?

Blockchain has become popular, so what are the application fields of blockchain?

At present, the most extensive and successful application of blockchain technology is the digital currency represented by Bitcoin. Digital currency has developed rapidly in recent years. Due to the characteristics of decentralized credit and frequent transactions, it has a high transaction value and can maintain a relatively stable price through the development of hedging financial derivatives as a quasi-super-sovereign currency.

Financial institutions are the most willing to explore blockchain applications and need new technologies to improve operational efficiency and reduce costs to cope with the current status of the entire global economy. Objectively speaking, the market space in the financial industry is huge, and a little progress can bring huge benefits. The financial industry is an industry with extremely high requirements for security and stability. If the application of blockchain in the financial field is verified, it will have a huge demonstration effect and be quickly promoted in other industries. In the financial field, in addition to digital currency applications, blockchain has gradually begun to be applied in cross-border payments, supply chain finance, insurance, digital bills, asset securitization, bank credit reporting and other fields.

As the application of blockchain technology in the financial field continues to be verified, its technical advantages are gradually showing value in other industries. At present, blockchain application projects are gradually being implemented in fields such as medical and health, IP copyright, education, culture and entertainment, communications, charity, social management, sharing economy, and the Internet of Things, and "blockchain" is becoming a reality.

(1) Blockchain medical care: In the medical field, blockchain can use its anonymity, decentralization and other characteristics to protect patient privacy. Electronic health (EHR), DNA wallet, drug anti-counterfeiting, etc. are all possible application fields of blockchain technology.area. IBM predicted in last year's report that 56% of medical institutions around the world will invest in blockchain technology by 2020.

(2) Blockchain Internet of Things: The Internet of Things is a very broad concept. If communications, energy management, supply chain management, sharing economy, etc. are included, the Internet of Things with blockchain technology Application will become a very important application field.

(3) Blockchain IP copyright & cultural entertainment: Since the Internet became popular, digital music, digital books, digital videos, digital games, etc. have gradually become mainstream. The rise of the knowledge economy has made intellectual property rights a core element of market competition. However, intellectual property infringement is serious in the current Internet ecosystem, and the copyright protection of digital assets has become a pain point in the industry. Blockchain has the characteristics of disintermediation, consensus mechanism, and non-tampering. Blockchain technology can effectively integrate all aspects of the cultural and entertainment value chain, accelerate circulation, and shorten the value creation cycle; at the same time, the value of digital content can be realized Transfer, and ensure that the transfer process is credible, auditable and transparent, effectively preventing piracy and other behaviors. Blockchain Public Services & Education: In the fields of public services, education, closed-door charity and public welfare, issues such as file management, identity (qualification) certification, and public trust all exist objectively. The traditional method is to rely on third parties with credibility. The company makes credit endorsements, but problems such as fraud and deficiencies still exist.

③ How will blockchain develop in 2021

Blockchain empowers the development of the real economy. With the development of blockchain technology, its application scenarios have become more in-depth, ranging from commodity traceability, judicial certificate storage, government affairs, supply chain finance, trade finance, and social welfare to industrial management, energy and power, data transactions, public resource transactions, digital Identity, medical and health and other fields. In the future, as blockchain technology further develops, especially in terms of performance, scale, and security, its application scenarios will become increasingly widespread.
1) Blockchain industry life cycle. Determine the development stage of the industry by analyzing the market growth rate, demand growth rate, product varieties, number of competitors, entry and exit barriers, technological changes, user purchasing behavior, etc. of the blockchain industry;
2) Area The market supply and demand of the blockchain industry is balanced. By studying the supply situation, demand situation, and import and export status of the blockchain industry, we can determine the supply and demand balance of the industry in order to grasp the degree of market saturation in the industry;
3) The competitive landscape of the blockchain industry. Through the analysis of the bargaining power of suppliers in the blockchain industry, the bargaining power of buyers, the ability of potential competitors to enter, the substitution ability of substitutes, and the current competitiveness of competitors in the industry, master the five factors that determine the profit level of the industry. power;
4) The economic operation of the blockchain industry. Mainly for data analysis, including the number of competing companies in the blockchain industry, number of employees, total industrial output value, sales output value, export value, finished products, sales revenue, total profits, assets, liabilities, industry growth capacity, profitability,Solvency and operational capabilities.
5) The main market competition enterprise in the blockchain industry. Including the company's products, business status (BCG), financial status, competitive strategy, market share, competitiveness (swot analysis) analysis, etc.
6) Investment, financing and mergers and acquisitions analysis. Including investment and financing project analysis, merger and acquisition analysis, investment area, investment return, investment structure, etc.
7) Blockchain industry marketing. Including marketing concepts, marketing models, marketing strategies, channel structures, product strategies, etc.
The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is the only approved "Blockchain Technology Professional" pilot of the "Smart Learning Workshop 2020- Xueshuo Innovation Workstation" launched by the School Planning, Construction and Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China. workstation. The professional base is based on providing students with diversified growth paths, promoting the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and building an applied and compound talent training system.

④ Blockchain application prospects

Blockchain application prospects are mainly in the financial field, the Internet of Things and logistics, public services, digital copyright management, and insurance. .

1. Blockchain has huge potential application prospects in financial fields such as international exchange, letters of credit, equity registration and stock exchanges. The application of blockchain technology in the financial industry can eliminate the need for third-party intermediaries and achieve direct point-to-point connection.

2. Blockchain can also be naturally combined in the Internet of Things and logistics fields. This field is considered to be a promising application direction of blockchain. Establishing credit resources in the blockchain can double improve the security of transactions and improve the convenience of IoT transactions. Save time and cost for smart logistics model applications.

3. Blockchain is closely related to people’s production and life in public management, energy, transportation and other fields. The decentralized and fully distributed DNS service provided by the blockchain can realize domain name query and resolution through point-to-point data transmission services between various nodes in the network.

4. Through blockchain technology, works can be authenticated, proving the existence of text, video, audio and other works, and ensuring the authenticity and uniqueness of ownership. After the rights of the work are confirmed on the blockchain, subsequent transactions will be recorded in real time, realizing full life cycle management of digital copyright, and can also be used as a technical guarantee in judicial evidence collection.

5. In terms of insurance claims, insurance institutions are responsible for fund collection, investment, and claims settlement, and often have high management and operating costs. Through the application of smart contracts, there is no need for the policy holder to apply or the insurance company to approve it. As long as the claim settlement conditions are triggered, the insurance policy can automatically settle claims.

(4) Extended reading of blockchain in public resources:

Core technology of blockchain

1. Consensus mechanism, through the voting of special nodes, Complete the verification and confirmation of the transaction in a very short time; for a transaction, if several nodes with unrelated interests can reach a consensus, it can be recognized.So that the whole network can reach a consensus on this. The goal of the blockchain consensus mechanism is to enable all honest nodes to maintain a consistent view of the blockchain.

2. Asymmetric encryption requires two keys for encryption and decryption. These two keys are the public key and the private key. The public key corresponds to the private key. When the public key is used in the encryption process of data, it can only be decrypted by using the corresponding private key. On the contrary, when the private key is used in encrypting the data, only the corresponding private key can be used to decrypt the data. Only the corresponding public key can be decrypted.

⑤ What are the applications of blockchain technology?

Developing Ethereum Cat based on Ethereum, this is not considered an application, it is a bit interesting, and there is also NetEase Planet. For traceability, I have snapped up the Orange Chain made by China Enterprise Tongbao Blockchain, which is used for blockchain traceability records on Orange.

⑥ What are the practical applications of blockchain technology

1. Financial field

Blockchain is used in international exchange, letters of credit, stock rights registration and Financial fields such as stock exchanges have potentially huge application value.

2. Internet of Things and Logistics Fields

Blockchain can also be naturally combined in the Internet of Things and logistics fields.

Through blockchain, logistics costs can be reduced, the production and delivery process of items can be traced, and the efficiency of supply chain management can be improved.

3. Public service fields

Blockchain is closely related to people’s production and life in public management, energy, transportation and other fields, but the centralization of these fields Characteristics also bring some problems, which can be transformed using blockchain.

4. Digital copyright field

Through blockchain technology, works can be authenticated, prove the existence of text, video, audio and other works, and ensure the authenticity and uniqueness of ownership. sex.

5. Insurance field

In terms of insurance claims, insurance institutions are responsible for fund collection, investment, and claims settlement, and often have high management and operating costs. Through the application of smart contracts, there is no need for the policy holder to apply or the insurance company to approve it. As long as the claim settlement conditions are triggered, the insurance policy can automatically settle claims.

6. Public Welfare Field

The data stored on the blockchain is highly reliable and cannot be tampered with, so it is naturally suitable for social welfare scenarios.

⑦ The specific manifestations of the significance of blockchain in improving public services

The specific manifestations of the significance of blockchain in improving public services are as follows.
1. Improve the robustness of the public service system. The decentralized network architecture of the blockchain has strong anti-attack capabilities. The government data on the chain is distributed and stored. Even if some nodes fail, backups can still be read from other nodes. The consensus mechanism and timestamp design of the blockchain , effectively avoiding the risk of third-party tampering.
2. Reduce public service operating costs. Data on-chain can help reduce the later maintenance costs of public service systems, and building a chained system can help reduce institutional transaction costs incurred in providing public services.
3. Expand public service provisionGive coverage. Blockchain technology will rapidly expand the providers and participants of public services, and gradually form network-based governance and services, promote direct mutual assistance and interaction between citizens, and even complete administrative management and public services without a public administrator. project, thereby further improving the precise matching between the supply and demand of public services, promoting the diversification of service entities, intelligent service methods, precise service content, and closed-loop service management.

⑧ A brief analysis of the application of blockchain technology

Today we will talk about the application analysis of blockchain technology in the field of public resource transactions
Public resource transactions include both The purchase of public resources by the public sector, such as government procurement, construction project bidding, etc.; also includes the sale of public resources by the public sector, such as the bidding, auction and listing of state-owned land, the transfer of mining rights, the sale of state-owned forest rights, and the disposal of state-owned financial assets and other public resource sales behaviors involving public interests and public safety. Public resource transactions are related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and involve the fundamental interests of the people. Therefore, public resource transaction management has always been an important management function of my country's government affairs management.
In recent years, the National Information Center has continued to promote the construction of a public resource trading service platform, giving full play to the role of a public entrance to trading services, a public channel for data sharing, and comprehensive technical support for cross-regional transactions. The integration of public resource trading platforms based on digital technology has achieved remarkable results. Among them, blockchain technology has the characteristics of consistent data storage, difficulty in tampering, and traceability. It provides new ideas and solutions to solve the problem of trust in public resource trading data. path.

Information data management issues in the field of public resource transactions

Objectively speaking, various credit deficiencies have long existed in the field of public resource transactions in my country, which not only disrupts the normal market transaction order, but also It affects the fairness and justice of market competition, and also poses serious risks and threats to the quality of project construction and construction safety production. The reason is that the root cause of credit risk lies in the information asymmetry between entities in the public resource trading market, and in the limitations and defects of traditional public resource trading management on information data security and information data use.

Data security management issues

Various transaction information and credit information in the field of public resource transactions contain huge value. Under the increasingly electronic development trend of domestic public resource transaction management and services, including electronic bidding user identity information, potential bidder information, bid evaluation committee composition information, bid document information, judges' bid evaluation information, and bid evaluation result information Various types of information security risks have increasingly become important issues affecting the efficiency, quality, and fairness of public resource transactions.
Traditional data security technology cannot effectively avoid security management problems such as leakage, tampering, and loss of various information data. Especially with some technical means, it is difficult to trace traces of relevant data operations, causing great trouble for data security management. .
Data sharing application issues
Public resource trading marketThe main reason for the long-standing problems of various types of credit deficiencies and untrustworthy behavior in the market lies in the limitations in the sharing and application of relevant credit information of market entities.
On the one hand, a large amount of credit information of market entities has been deposited in various departments for a long time and has not been fully exploited;
On the other hand, the credit information of public resource trading market entities involves banks, public security, courts, housing Among many management departments such as construction, human resources and social security, and taxation, the long-standing phenomenon of “data islands” and “data fog islands” among different management departments hinders the efficient sharing and application of credit information in the public resource trading market.
Blockchain and public resource transaction information data management
According to the "China Blockchain Technology and Application Development White Paper 2016" issued under the guidance of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, in a broad sense, blockchain technology is the use of blocks Chained data structures are used to verify and store data, distributed node consensus algorithms are used to generate and update data, cryptography is used to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and smart contracts composed of automated script codes are used to program and operate data. A new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm.
Essentially, blockchain technology is a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database in a decentralized, high-trust manner. In layman's terms, blockchain technology can be seen as an accounting method that supports the participation of all people.
Traditional data accounting involves multiple accounting entities and generates multiple data ledgers. Under this accounting method, due to the risks of lack of supervision, technical security risks, and physical security risks, the account data may be tampered with or lost, and it is difficult to trace relevant operational behaviors. Therefore, the objectivity, fairness, and security of the account data must be It’s hard to guarantee.
Blockchain technology provides a technical solution that supports multiple accounting entities to participate in accounting. When any accounting subject modifies the ledger, its modification behavior will form indelible traces (timestamps) in the ledger records, and the modification results will be synchronized to the ledgers of all accounting subjects, which prevents the account from being The risk of data tampering and loss can be traced back to relevant accounting behaviors to promote supervision.

In response to the information data management and credit issues raised above in the field of public resource transactions, blockchain technology can use its own "decentralization", "distributed data storage" and "traceability" ”, “anti-tampering characteristics”, “openness and transparency” and other advantageous features to effectively respond and solve.
Public resource transaction data is tamper-proof
The public resource transaction platform stores a large amount of public resource transaction data. With traditional centralized data storage management, once the data and backup are damaged or lost, it is difficult to recover, and due to There are loopholes in the supervision mechanism and the risk of data tampering.
Blockchain technology adopts "decentralization" and "distributed data storage". Data damage or loss in one or more data storage nodes will not affect the data security of other data storage nodes. At the same time, dataUpdates to ledger records are shared and made public simultaneously, and operations traces are supported. Blockchain data cannot be tampered with or corrupted unless all nodes are compromised.
Establishing a trustworthy public resource transaction data environment
Information asymmetry in the public resource transaction market leads to adverse selection and moral hazard among market entities, affecting the efficiency and quality of public resource transactions, and affecting the orderly operation of the public resource transaction market. develop.
Blockchain technology solves the problems of authenticity, security and openness of public resource transaction data, promotes the efficient sharing and application of credit information in the public resource transaction market, promotes the establishment of a trustworthy data environment for public resource transactions, and prevents and avoids Various credit risks provide trustworthy data decision-making support for market transaction entities and regulatory entities

⑨ What are the application fields of blockchain technology?

Application fields: financial field, Internet of Things And logistics field, public service field, digital copyright field, insurance field, public welfare field.

Blockchain can also be naturally combined in the fields of the Internet of Things and the field of mold grinding and cavity flow. Through blockchain, logistics costs can be reduced, the production and delivery process of items can be traced, and the efficiency of supply chain management can be improved. This field is considered a promising application direction of blockchain.

Blockchain is closely related to people’s production and life in the fields of public management, energy, transportation, etc. However, the centralized nature of these fields also brings some problems, which can be transformed with blockchain.

Blockchain Technology

This major cultivates the comprehensive development of moral, intellectual, physical, artistic and labor skills, and masters basic knowledge of natural sciences, humanities and social sciences, basic theories of computer science, and blockchain technology and applications. Professional basic theory and application knowledge, basic skills in blockchain software development, software development practice and project organization, innovation and entrepreneurship awareness, competition and team awareness and craftsmanship, ability to engage in blockchain technology design, High-quality and high-level technical skills personnel for management, service and other tasks.