为广大币圈朋友提供币圈基础入门专业知识!
当前位置首页 > 区块链知识> 正文

区块链 法律问题,区块链公司治理

发布时间:2023-12-19-23:40:00 来源:网络 区块链知识 区块   公司法

区块链 法律问题,区块链公司治理

随着区块链技术的发展,区块链公司治理也成为相关法律问题的热点。本文将着重介绍区块链公司治理中的3个关键词:分布式自治组织(DAO)、智能合约和分布式账本技术(DLT)。

分布式自治组织(DAO)

分布式自治组织(DAO)是一种基于区块链技术的分布式治理结构,它是利用智能合约和分布式账本技术(DLT)实现的一种去中心化的组织结构。它可以实现自治的管理,极大地降低了管理成本,减少了传统企业治理中的信息不对称,具有良好的透明度和可追溯性。

DAO的核心是智能合约,它是一种基于区块链技术的自动执行的智能合约,可以自动执行规则,从而实现自动化的治理结构。此外,DAO还可以利用分布式账本技术(DLT)实现去中心化的账本管理,从而实现财务透明度和可追溯性。

智能合约

智能合约是一种基于区块链技术的自动执行的合约,它可以自动执行规则,从而实现自动化的治理结构。智能合约可以实现自动化的治理,极大地降低了管理成本,减少了传统企业治理中的信息不对称,具有良好的透明度和可追溯性。

智能合约可以实现自动化的治理,极大地降低了管理成本,减少了传统企业治理中的信息不对称,具有良好的透明度和可追溯性。此外,智能合约还可以实现去中心化的治理,可以提高管理效率,减少管理成本,提升企业治理水平。

分布式账本技术(DLT)

分布式账本技术(DLT)是一种基于区块链技术的账本管理技术,它可以实现去中心化的账本管理,从而实现财务透明度和可追溯性。DLT可以极大地提高企业财务管理的效率和准确性,提升企业治理水平。

此外,DLT还可以实现跨境贸易的财务透明度,可以更好地支持跨境贸易,提升贸易效率。DLT还可以实现资产流转的可追溯性,可以更好地支持资产流转,提升资产管理效率。

总之,分布式自治组织(DAO)、智能合约和分布式账本技术(DLT)是区块链公司治理中的3个重要关键词,它们都可以有效提高企业治理水平,提升企业管理效率。


请查看相关英文文档

① Analysis of basic issues that need to be understood for the operation of blockchain

Blockchain is a shared distributed database technology. Although the one-sentence introduction to blockchain is worded differently in different reports, the following four technical features are consistent.
1. Decentralized: The left side of Figure 1 describes the centralized characteristics of today’s financial system, and the right side describes the emerging decentralized financial system, which has no intermediaries and all nodes. Rights and obligations are equal. If any node stops working, it will not affect the overall operation of the system;
2. Trustless: All nodes in the system can conduct transactions without trust, because the database and the entire system are The operation is open and transparent, and within the rules and time range of the system, nodes cannot deceive each other;
3. Collectively Maintain: The system is jointly maintained by all nodes with maintenance functions. Everyone in the system participates in the maintenance work;
4. Reliable Database: Each node in the system has the latest complete database copy. Modifying the database of a single node is invalid because the system will automatically compare and consider The record with the most occurrences of the same data is true.
The blockchains of projects such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and DECENT all have these characteristics.

② What are the existing problems of blockchain technology

1. Performance issues

Volume issues

Blockchain’s impact on data Backup requirements pose storage space challenges. Blockchain requires that after a transaction is completed, it is broadcast to the entire network, and every node in the system must back up data.

Take Bitcoin as an example. The block data since the creation block has exceeded 60GB, and the amount of blockchain data is still increasing. This will bring problems to the operation of the Bitcoin Core client. A big challenge.

Processing speed issues

The Bitcoin blockchain currently processes a maximum of 6.67 transactions per second, and a confirmation time is about 10 minutes, which can easily cause congestion delays for a large number of transactions, which may Applications with small multiple transactions and highly time-sensitive transactions will be restricted.

Although there are some methods to overcome it, methods to comprehensively solve transaction efficiency still need to be discovered.

Energy consumption is too high

Thirdly, the computing power in the mining process does not produce additional actual social value, and also wastes a large amount of electronic resources. With the increasing popularity of currency, blockchain has gradually become a capital-intensive industry with high energy consumption.

2. Centralization problem

Inequality of nodes

First, in theory, each node in the distributed network should be treated equally, but in order to obtain rewards for mining, each node may increase its computing power to compete for hardware, thus leading to node inequality and destroying blockchain accounting. The randomness of rights.

Industrialized and large-scale mining has given rise to mining pools

Theoretically, if the mining pools collude to control more than 51% of the computing power for system supply, a dual Although the costs of payment far exceed the benefits in the actual process, the possibility of collusive supply cannot be denied.

3. Privacy and security issues

Private keys are easily stolen

First, the current blockchain uses an asymmetric key mechanism. It has high security, but the private key is stored locally and can be easily stolen by hackers.

The transparency of blockchain data can easily lead to privacy leaks

Every participant in the public chain can obtain a complete data backup, and the entire system is open and transparent. The currency protects privacy by isolating the connection between the transaction address and the holder’s true identity.

When the blockchain needs to carry more businesses, how nodes verify information and execute commands requires more consideration.

4. Upgrade and incentive issues

The number of participating nodes in the public chain is huge

Whether it is upgrading or fixing errors, the system cannot be shut down and centralized. , it may be necessary to consider relaxing the issue of decentralization.

There is a competitive game between each node

Requires the improvement of incentive compatibility mechanism, how to enable self-interested nodes in the decentralized system to spontaneously carry out block data verification And accounting work, and designing a reasonable penalty function to suppress irrational competition is another challenge faced by the blockchain.

③ Four core issues need to be solved for the implementation of blockchain. Interview with Chen Wei, President of the Investment Banking Center of Bank of Communications

As the concept of blockchain continues to heat up and this technology becomes increasingly popular mature, financial institutions including banks are also increasing their deployment and application in this field. The "Archaean - 2019 China Blockchain Financial Industry Research Report" points out that financial institutions' investment in blockchain is growing year by year. It is expected that by 2022, China's financial institutions' investment in blockchain technology will reach 9.27 billion yuan.

Chen Wei pointed out that the essence of asset securitization business is to replace the subject credit with asset credit, and with the help of blockchain technology, technological mutual trust can be achieved to replace institutional mutual trust. These two points make blockchain technology suitable The needs of asset securitization business scenarios. Based on this, Bank of Communications launched China's first blockchain asset securitization platform - "Chain Fusion". Chen Wei also said that blockchain technology will also play a positive role in promoting Shanghai's "Yangtze River Delta integration" and building an international asset management center.

The "efficiency + trust" problem needs to be solved

"China Business News": Although many banks have explored and researched blockchain, there have been few projects implemented in the end. What do you think is the reason why blockchain technology is difficult to implement?

Chen Wei: Since blockchain mainly uses alliance chain technology, banks mainly face the following four problems when exploring the application of blockchain technology in specific business implementation:

The first one is safety. Commercial banks are important participants in the infrastructure construction of the entire financial system and have particularly high requirements for reliability and security. In the application of new technologies, safety requirements are the most important and must be met. Since the application of blockchain technology is still in the exploratory stage, this may affect the implementation of blockchain technology in specific businesses.

The second is efficiency. In a decentralized setting, all nodes need to reach a consensus and process the data, which takes a lot of time. Therefore, it is currently difficult to effectively balance business efficiency. Some traditional businesses of banks, such as payment, transfer, remittance and other business scenarios, have high requirements on time efficiency and data storage. Therefore, there are still certain difficulties in integrating blockchain technology with these business scenarios.

The third is cross-agency consensus. The alliance chain requires all parties in the alliance to reach an agreement and jointly promote the formation and expansion of the chain. However, in the actual business promotion process, different institutions have great differences in their understanding of the blockchain and their needs for the alliance chain, and there is a certain degree of difficulty in coordination and promotion. .

The fourth is economic cost. Blockchain applications require high technical development capabilities of banks and require a large amount of software and hardware resources. For example, alliance chains need to deploy nodes and form consensus algorithms and a series of services; banks need to invest a lot of human and financial resources in development. These inputs may not directly produce visible economic profits in the short term, and there will be an intertemporal mismatch of costs and benefits. Any financial institution, whether listed or not, will face the problem of current assessment, which creates a certain contradiction between the current nature of costs and the lag of income.

Of course, despite the existence of these four main contradictions, many banks are crossing the river by feeling the stones and constantly exploring. It can be said that in this regard, Bank of Communications has actively responded to the national call and is at the forefront of the industry in the application of blockchain technology, especially in the field of asset securitization, achieving many breakthroughs.

Chen Wei: The so-called efficiency is a matter of time, and trust is a matter of safety.

Regarding the efficiency issue, combined with the exploration and practice of Bank of Communications, it can be solved in the following three ways: first, through the automation of smart contracts on the chain, to improve the efficiency of business processes; second, , research high-performance public chain technology to meet the computing and storage capabilities in the case of concurrent transactions; third, with the help of cloud computing, use the storage capabilities of the cloud to improve efficiency and reduce economic costs.

About the letterThere are three main ways to solve the problem of responsibility: First, reach a consensus before going on the chain. Participants must sign an agreement to express their agreement before going on the chain, so as to avoid the situation of reduced efficiency and difficulty in implementation due to lack of consensus during the business development process. occurs; second, use digital signature and asymmetric encryption technology to encrypt the data before uploading it to the chain to ensure that only authorized parties can see the data and achieve control of data permissions; third, blockchain technology uses distributed ledgers , the data cannot be tampered with, and it can also be traced to ensure that all participants maintain a high degree of trust in the data on the chain.

Promoting the "integration" of assets and funds in the Yangtze River Delta

"China Business News": What are the characteristics and highlights of Bank of Communications in exploring blockchain scenarios?

Chen Wei: There are many discussions about blockchain usage scenarios in the current market. In terms of blockchain empowering finance, asset securitization business is one of the most suitable scenarios. Based on its practical exploration and first-mover advantage in the asset securitization market, Bank of Communications has been trying to explore the application of blockchain in asset securitization business scenarios since 2016, and officially released the first domestic blockchain asset securitization in 2018. Platform - "Chain Fusion". The platform has obtained two technology patents - "A cross-agency process solution based on smart contracts" and "Fabric blockchain management solution based on smart contracts", and won the 2018 Shanghai Financial Innovation Achievement Award issued by the Shanghai Municipal Government. Award, "China Banker" Top Ten Blockchain Application Innovation Award and other awards.

There are many participating institutions in the asset securitization business, the issuance cycle is long, and the transaction structure is also relatively complex. How to carry out the business more efficiently requires solving the problem of information asymmetry. Blockchain technology has the four characteristics of decentralization, transparency, sharing, and non-tampering, which means that blockchain technology can achieve a perfect combination with asset securitization.

From the perspective of the business itself, the essence of asset securitization business is to replace subject credit with asset credit; at the same time, with the help of blockchain technology, technological mutual trust can be achieved to replace institutional mutual trust. These two points make the blockchain Chain technology and asset securitization business can fit perfectly. Blockchain technology can make all data information in the system open, transparent, non-tamperable, and non-forgery without the need for third-party endorsement, and it can also trace the information.

"China Business News": In practice, how does blockchain technology empower asset securitization business?

Chen Wei: On the "Chain Fusion" platform, with the help of blockchain technology, underlying assets and due diligence reports and other information are permanently stored on the chain through digital fingerprints. With the help of the transparency and transparency of the blockchain, Features such as sharing and non-tampering solve the problem of mutual trust among the many participants in the asset securitization business and achieve credit penetration; encryption protection of files on the chain is achieved through some algorithms, effectively mitigating the risk of information leakage.

At the same time,The application of blockchain technology also reduces some maintenance costs and system operation pressure. Since the issuance of Asia’s first blockchain technology-enabled credit asset securitization project, “Jiaoying 2018 First Phase Personal Housing Mortgage Asset-Backed Securities,” Bank of Communications has issued approximately seven or eight Projects worth tens of billions of yuan. We have also been committed to promoting more high-quality originating institutions, professional investors and other asset securitization ecosystem users such as Guodian Electric Power to join the chain.

"Chain Fusion" is the incubation result of the "Financial Innovation Joint Laboratory" and the product of the joint linkage between the front, middle and back offices of Bank of Communications. In the early stage of research and development, the business department took the lead in the entire project based on market sensitivity, and the middle and back-end departments collaborated. After blockchain technology is put into use, we continue to keep pace with the times and iteratively upgrade the system.

In addition to the internal collaboration of Bank of Communications for research and development, Bank of Communications also took the lead in establishing the asset securitization business ecosystem - the "Lujiazui Asset Securitization Alliance", and through cooperation with peer institutions, jointly cultivate and Developing the ecosystem system is also a manifestation of Bank of Communications' social responsibility and realization of social value.

"China Business News": In addition to empowering banks' specific businesses, what help can blockchain technology provide to banks in participating in the "Yangtze River Delta Integration" and serving Shanghai in building an international asset management center?

Chen Wei: The application of blockchain technology in asset securitization business scenarios actually shortens the information distance between asset holders and fund holders, and also breaks the boundaries of administrative divisions. With the help of blockchain technology, various participants in the "Chain Fusion" platform reach asset consensus and price consensus. For example, assets in Shanghai can be connected to funds in Jiangsu, which to some extent promotes the development of assets in the Yangtze River Delta region. and the “in-city integration” of funds.

At the same time, blockchain technology can also provide certain help to Shanghai in building an international asset management center. Building an international asset management center means attracting a large amount of overseas funds or fund management institutions to Shanghai. Only by providing a wealth of high-quality assets to choose from can overseas funds or institutions be retained. The asset securitization business has developed relatively maturely and has a large scale in the international market. In contrast, the asset securitization business is still in the development stage in China. As China continues to open up to the outside world, more and more foreign capital will enter China to invest in some high-quality domestic assets in the future, and the "chain integration" platform may play a more important role.

Generally speaking, blockchain technology is closely related to strategic issues such as Shanghai’s Yangtze River Delta integration construction, free trade zone construction, and the construction of a global financial technology center and asset management center, and will also Make new and greater contributions to serving the national strategy.

Source: China Business Network

④ The blockchain industry is ushering in a new market trend. What are the bottlenecks in the development of the blockchain industry?

Blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm that enables the sharing, replication and authorization of distributed ledgers. It has the characteristics of multi-point consensus and is difficult to tamper with. It solves the problem of how to enable cross-institutional trust transactions in commercial networks, connecting all parties involved in financial services, and brings challenges of breaking down data silos and improving data quality. It has the potential advantages of security and lower transaction costs. Enhance risk control capabilities and have broad application prospects in the financial field. The blockchain industry is ushering in a new market trend, and there are some bottlenecks in the development of the blockchain industry. Only by breaking through these bottlenecks can we usher in the spring of blockchain. bring better development.

Finally, the development of blockchain technology will bring certain network security issues. We must pay attention to and solve information security and network security issues. Blockchain technology is not inherently secure. Any software system inevitably has defects and vulnerabilities, and will face attacks from the Internet. Poorly designed and poorly managed blockchain systems can be vulnerable to attack. In applications in the financial industry, data is an asset, so we should have a comprehensive understanding of the security of the blockchain, and first put security design and self-control first to avoid the occurrence of Bitcoin theft.

⑤ What kind of problems can blockchain technology solve?

What kind of problems can blockchain technology solve?

Blockchain technology can solve the trust problem at a relatively lower cost, which plays an important role in the current emphasis on reducing the burden of the real economy and reducing transaction costs, and has great social value. At the same time, there is still a need for continuous exploration of the blockchain technology itself. It is believed that independent controllable intellectual property rights and patents can be integrated with this technology in the future.
In the future, Jinwowo will focus on promoting the legal circulation and commercial application of big data using blockchain technology.

What kind of problems can blockchain technology solve?

Jinwowo analyzes the problems that blockchain technology can solve as follows:
The most important thing about blockchain is that it solves the problem of intermediary credit. In the past, it was difficult for two people who did not know and trust each other to achieve collaboration, and they had to rely on a third party.
For example, in payment behavior, any kind of transfer in the past required the existence of an institution such as a bank or Alipay.
However, through blockchain technology, it is the first time that humans have achieved a transfer behavior that both parties can trust without the participation of any intermediary agency. This is a major breakthrough for blockchain.

What kind of problems can Jinwowo blockchain technology solve?

Analysis by Chongqing Jinwowo: The most important thing about blockchain is that it solves the problem of intermediary credit.
In the past, it was difficult for two people who did not know and trust each other to achieve collaboration, and they had to rely on a third party.

What kind of problems can the application of Jinwowo blockchain technology solve?

Chongqing Jinwowo analyzes the problems solved by the application of blockchain technology, such asNext:
The most important thing about blockchain is that it solves the problem of intermediary credit. In the past, it was difficult for two people who did not know and trust each other to achieve collaboration, and a third party had to be tested.
Through blockchain technology, it is possible to complete behaviors in which both parties can trust each other without the participation of any intermediary agency. This is the problem solved by disintermediation (decentralization) in blockchain technology.

What problems does the emergence of blockchain technology solve?

Blockchain solves the problem of trust, which is the root of all problems.
WaykiChain is a smart contract platform that supports Turing completeness. WaykiChain adopts the dpos consensus mechanism, with a total of 11 voting nodes, which generate a new block every 10 seconds. Through smart contracts, WaykiChain can realize rich application scenarios such as asset issuance, betting applications, copyright traceability, mutual insurance, decentralized exchanges, and cross-border settlement.
But the most important thing in these scenarios is trust and openness and transparency.

What problems can blockchain technology solve?

Based on mechanisms such as distributed accounting, collective contracts and intelligent consensus, blockchain technology presents information processing characteristics such as decentralization, open sharing, authenticity and reliability, which has triggered increasing attention and attention in the financial field, especially in the Internet financial field. Research applications. There are many blockchain system development companies. Blockchain technology development companies like Renren Chain are relatively reliable. You can refer to blockchain solutions.
Point 1: First of all, you must understand the technical strength of the blockchain technology service provider you choose, including the underlying strength of the blockchain and the technical strength of the team; what successful cases have been developed. Ask for developed projects, and the other party will analyze previous successful cases.
Point 2: It depends on the other party’s existing underlying blockchain architecture and project development experience.
Point 3: You can ask your friends if they know anything about it and recommend it. I personally know that the Renren blockchain BaaS platform has good overall strength. It can quickly build its own IT infrastructure and blockchain services on an open cloud platform. Of course there are others, choose the platform that suits your business. There are still issues that need attention that have not been mentioned, and I hope others can help add them~

What problems can blockchain technology solve in the copyright field?

The blockchain is similar to a "public ledger". Each block is a "ledger page". When people conduct transactions on the blockchain, the transaction data will be disclosed to every node in the blockchain, and It is recorded on the "ledger page", permanently stored, and cannot be tampered with. In view of the decentralization, openness and non-tampering characteristics of the blockchain, each work entered into the blockchain copyright registration system will generate a unique digital fingerprint that cannot be tampered with.
Users only need to pass the Xiaoxi Copyright Chain platform identity authentication authorization, and after successfully authenticating "I am me", submit the work to the Copyright Chain. After the background review is passed, the data will be generated and written into the blockchain to generate a certificate. stateTo apply for a paper certificate from the Copyright Protection Center, you need to click "Copyright Certificate Application", then follow the steps to fill in the information, pay the fee, and wait for review... From this point of view, the blockchain + copyright model is really safe, time-saving, and effort-saving.
When it comes to legal protection, we have to mention "infringed" copyright as an intangible asset. If the creator lacks awareness of rights protection, the work may face infringement. Xiaoxi Copyright Chain does this relatively well in the industry. The reason why this platform has become the first smart rights protection platform based on blockchain in China is also inseparable from the support of the Chongqing Notary Office. The digital document storage technology based on the blockchain has been recognized by the notary office and can ensure that the content of the notarization application cannot be tampered with, providing help for the digitization, networking, and informatization of notary services. Notarization parties can submit "preservation evidence" for notarization online through the Xiaoxi platform, making the rights holder's ownership of the work more judicially effective, effectively facing infringement, and improving risk response capabilities.
Blockchain, a new credit evaluation system, provides new technical support for the service reform of notary offices. Xiaoxi Copyright Chain has moved part of the business of the Chongqing Notary Office onto the blockchain platform, which can be called an innovation of blockchain in the field of notarial certificate business. In the process of notarization, material review and verification is the most critical and important part. The process design of the "blockchain + notarization" backend changes the previous steps that required manual verification in various departments. Notaries only need to review the materials provided by users online to quickly complete the review and verification work, which greatly improves work efficiency.

Can blockchain technology really solve the problem of trust?

The distributed architecture and non-tamperability of blockchain technology can help solve problems such as the authenticity of bills and opaque information. When parties need to verify whether a note has been tampered with or transferred, the blockchain can provide indisputable proof of consistency.
Digital currency also takes advantage of this feature of blockchain. Puyin is a tea-based digital currency developed based on blockchain technology.

The value of blockchain technology What kind of problems does the Internet solve?

Analysis of Chongqing Jinwowo:
First, through its application in the field of digital currency, blockchain provides a solution for the flow of capital flow (or capital flow) information on the Internet.
Secondly, the blockchain solves the problem of confirmation of authority during the transaction process through encryption and reference to distributed ledgers.
Thirdly, the blockchain determines the exchange of digital assets through the technology of consensus mechanism.

⑥ What are the issues that need to be improved in blockchain applications

2018 is the first year of blockchain, but the world’s overall blockchain industry is still in its ascendant stage except for the financial industry. The maturity of the industry requires the integration of a series of factors such as technology, market, supervision, and popularity. According to the current development momentum of the blockchain, experts predict that large-scale implementation can be achieved within 3 to 5 years, and the real economy will also have a new development model. Blockchain What are the issues that need to be improved in chain applications?

Accelerating the implementation of blockchain technology in industrial scenarios still needs to focus on

1. Quick matching of application scenarios.

Use Blockchain technology can effectively solve the pain points of the industry market. In the mainstream B2B transaction mode scenario of the market, it is easier to combine using blockchain technology. If the application scenario meets the conditions of high transaction frequency, fixed transaction scope, insufficient credit, etc., blockchain technology can be easily implemented This scenario. In the future, as the foundation of blockchain technology matures, it will gradually be applied to more transaction models.

2. The technology is further improved.

Blockchain technology is currently perfect Insufficient security, 51% computing power attack problem, double spend gap problem, high transaction cost, low TPS throughput, transaction block chain selection problem, excessive energy consumption of the POW consensus mechanism, hacker intrusion and other technical obstacles.

3. The industry mechanism is sound.

Accurately distinguish the relationship between centralization and decentralization. Decentralization means that the entire operating system can operate autonomously under the condition that there is no central agency management. Two strangers Under decentralized conditions, individuals can achieve trust and realize transaction facts at low cost and quickly. However, what is clear is that the ecosystem is not unmanaged, and the blockchain is still the information center and requires constant technical efforts. , repeated upgrades, there is a certain centralized mechanism behind it.

⑦ What are the problems faced by enterprises in applying blockchain?

1. What exactly do you want to accomplish?

Look carefully at your requirements and ask yourself if you really need blockchain. Do you need additional guarantees for the protocol provided by the blockchain, or do you just need a distributed database?

2. How much do you trust your partners?

Untrusted business partners can severely impact blockchain projects. Moreover, they may also affect the blockchain’s proof-of-work or proof-of-stake.

3. How public or open do you need to be?

Who needs to participate in your blockchain? There is a continuum between public blockchains and Bitcoin or Ethereum, The smallest, most carefully controlled blockchain. I can imagine some special purpose public blockchains, such as power microgrids. I can imagine blockchain in financial services serving only a small group of partners and being private in nature. A blockchain that only serves one organization may look like a blockchain, but it has no value.

4. What are your data integration issues?

The biggest issue facing enterprise blockchain may not be the protocol, but integrating all the data used by blockchain participants Legacy data formats and data structures. Healthcare blockchain is a good example. There are hundreds of medical record formats in use, and any medical blockchain will have to do some extra work to handle them. Any blockchain that crosses enterprise boundaries (or even blockchains within enterprise boundaries)There are data integration issues to deal with, which may be more difficult to solve than building the blockchain itself.

5. If you needed “miners”, who would they be and how would you compensate them?

In most current blockchains, including Bitcoin and In Ethereum, "miners" are all about validating the consistency of the blockchain and adding blocks. They won't do this work for free. Digital currency ICOs are extremely popular, and it's easy to pay miners with cryptocurrency (after all, that's what Bitcoin and Ethereum do), but it's hard to imagine enterprise blockchain projects doing the same.

6. What are your performance requirements? How will you meet them?

The Bitcoin and Ethereum blockchains currently process approximately 12 transactions per second. For many enterprise applications, this is too slow, by orders of magnitude. You need to think about what kind of performance you need, and how you're going to achieve it. There are many possible solutions, including Bitcoin’s Lightning Network, which replaces the computationally intensive “proof of work” performed by miners, and permissioned blockchains such as Hyperledger’s Fabric.

7. Are there any legal issues?

Recently, I saw several people asking whether blockchain applications can comply with GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) and others Regulation. This is undoubtedly uncharted territory. I think the answer is that blockchain cannot comply; the answer will depend on the data you store in the blockchain, how the data is used, and how private or public the blockchain is.

⑧ What issues do you need to know about the security of blockchain technology?

I believe everyone should be familiar with blockchain technology, and today we will learn about it together. What are the issues in the field of technical security that require our attention? Let’s start with today’s main content.

At present, most blockchain projects carried out within enterprises are so-called "private chains with permissions". Unlike public blockchains, private blockchains can only be accessed by a selected group of users who have the authority to enter, verify, record, and exchange data on the ledger.

Of course, for an "outsider" who has never been allowed to join, such a network is almost impossible to break. But with the emergence of private chains, another question arises: In order to improve privacy and security, do we really need to abandon decentralization?

From "MIT Technology Review" "(MIT Technology Review)'s Mike Orcutt writes that a private chain system "may make its owners feel more secure, but it really just gives them more control, meaning that regardless of whether other network participants agree, they can be changed." This type of system requiresPropose a balancing mechanism to grant different levels of permissions to different user groups and perform identity checks on validators to ensure they are who they claim to be.

That’s why many companies are looking for a way to have both—the decentralization of a public chain and the extra security of a private chain. Consortium chains developed by major vendors such as IBM, Corda, and Ripple currently appear to be good security options. Simply put, they provide businesses with access to centralized systems that themselves have a level of cryptographic auditability and security.

Other companies are also considering how to adapt public chains to meet their security needs. For example, the Ethereum blockchain already provides mechanisms that can be leveraged to ensure the privacy of network participants, including ring signatures, stealth addresses, and storing private data on the public chain.

In general, the blockchain field is developing steadily towards new solutions that define technology-granular privacy layers for public, private, and consortium chain networks. IT training found that companies are actively investigating and patching known vulnerabilities and adopting new mechanisms to ensure that all parties are protected and that no malicious hacker can break through and exploit vulnerabilities in the ledger.

⑨ What impact does blockchain technology have on current laws?

The impact of blockchain technology on current laws mainly includes the following points:

p>

1. Blockchain technology will impact the existing rules of property law. Article 2 of the current Property Rights Law stipulates that the property in this law includes movable property, immovable property and property rights stipulated by law. With the development of blockchain technology, information data, virtual property, digital currency or digital bills generated based on blockchain technology have challenged traditional property rights laws. It is difficult to determine their ownership under current property rights laws. Whether its ownership can be clarified in the future The ownership and implementation of transactions in the financial field are issues worth considering.

In addition, how to establish, change or eliminate the usufructuary rights and security rights of these virtual properties in the decentralized blockchain is also difficult to match the provisions of the current property rights law. In addition, if blockchain technology is used for property rights registration such as real estate, vehicles, ships, etc., it will also change the existing rules and methods of property rights registration. Future property rights laws need to sort out and clarify these issues.

2. Blockchain technology will reshape contract law. Smart contracts generated based on blockchain technology will change the rules of the current contract law. The way in which the intention of a smart contract is expressed will be greatly different from the way in which the parties to a contract enter into an expression of intention in the current contract law. Under what circumstances Issues such as consensus of intention and agreement need to be clarified in contract law. In addition, smart contracts can be automatically executed, or it can be said to replace human performance of contracts. Therefore, the relevant provisions of contract performance under the current contract law may no longer meet the needs of smart contracts, and the rules of contract law may need to be changed or even restructured. Plastic.

3. Blockchain technology may cause companies tochanges in laws and regulations. The application of blockchain technology in company industrial and commercial registration will help simplify the company's industrial and commercial registration process and improve its reliability. The application of smart contracts will lead to the de-manualization of equity changes. The election of company shareholders and directors as well as the resolutions of shareholders' meetings and board of directors can also be written into the blockchain for reliable records. The company law needs to confirm the effectiveness of using blockchain technology for industrial and commercial registration and recording company resolutions.

4. The widespread application of blockchain technology in the financial field will lead to changes in financial laws and regulations such as securities law, currency law, foreign exchange management law, banking law, bill law, and insurance law. Some of them require fundamental changes. changes and system reconstruction, some need to be adjusted according to the specific application of blockchain technology.