药店与区块链的关系,药店与区块链的区别

区块链技术是一种分布式账本技术，它可以记录所有用户的交易记录，并保持安全可靠。药店与区块链的关系十分密切，因为它们都可以帮助药店改善安全性和有效性。下面我们将介绍药店与区块链的关系以及三个相关的关键词：药品追溯、数字签名和供应链金融。

药品追溯

药品追溯是一种通过追踪药品在生产、流通和使用过程中的信息来确保药品的安全性和有效性的技术。药品追溯可以帮助药店解决药品的安全性和有效性问题，并帮助药店更好地管理药品流通。区块链技术可以构建一个安全可靠的药品追溯系统，记录所有药品在生产、流通和使用过程中的信息，以确保药品的安全性和有效性。

数字签名

数字签名是一种确保药品质量的技术，它可以确保药品的真实性和有效性。区块链技术可以帮助药店实现数字签名，它可以记录所有药品的信息，如药品名称、生产日期、有效期等，并通过数字签名来确保药品的真实性和有效性。数字签名可以帮助药店更好地管理药品，并有效地防止药品的欺诈和欺骗。

供应链金融

供应链金融是一种可以帮助药店更好地管理药品流通的金融服务。区块链技术可以帮助药店实现供应链金融，它可以记录所有药品在生产、流通和使用过程中的信息，并可以更好地管理药品流通。供应链金融还可以帮助药店更快地获得资金，以满足药店的资金需求。

从上面可以看出，药店与区块链的关系十分密切，区块链技术可以帮助药店改善安全性和有效性，提高药品流通的效率，并有效地防止药品的欺诈和欺骗。因此，药店可以利用区块链技术来改善药品流通的安全性和有效性，以满足消费者的需求。

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① What are the service applications that use blockchain technology?

Blockchain technology has a distributed ledger that cannot be tampered with, ensuring the transparency and sharing of information, thus making business The cost of establishing trust and reaching consensus between peers during the event has dropped significantly. This article provides an in-depth interpretation of four typical business scenarios: supply chain finance, commodity traceability, technology and medical care, and industrial Internet.
1. Blockchain adds supply chain finance. Today, the supply chain of most commodities, from the provision of raw materials to the manufacturing of finished products, involves several upstream and downstream small and medium-sized enterprises; and these enterprises are faced with the challenge of unlocking supply chain working capital. pressure. Supply chain finance refers to banks and other financial institutions making systematic financing arrangements for all member companies of the supply chain, thereby forming a win-win situation for core buyer companies and suppliers: the buyer optimizes working capital, and the supplier generates additional operating cash flow, thus Minimize risk throughout the supply chain. There are three pain points in traditional supply chain finance: 1. Information cannot be shared, efficiency is low, and credibility is poor; 2. Bill circulation is inconvenient, contract settlement is slow, and there are often financial risks; 3. Credit cannot be transferred and financing is difficult. The blockchain can realize the following functions: 1. Sharing transaction data, receivables and payables data among core enterprises, multi-level suppliers, and financial institutions while protecting commercial privacy; 2. Transfer of corporate claims and automatic settlement of funds, accelerating corporate recovery. Payment and repayment; 3. The core enterprise's payment commitments flow among multi-level suppliers and financial institutions, conveying the core enterprise's credit.
2. Blockchain traceability In the field of commodity traceability, blockchain and Internet of Things technology are combined to trace the entire process of commodity circulation to prevent unscrupulous traders from taking advantage of the information asymmetry in the commodity chain to produce counterfeit and inferior commodities. Shoddy goods. This prevents certain participants from tampering with data or falsely claiming that information is lost when circumstances are detrimental to them, making it difficult to provide evidence and pursue accountability. In addition, blockchain traceability can open up information islands in different links of the supply chain and improve the collaboration efficiency of the supply chain.
3. Blockchain helps medical services Blockchain technology can open up multiple links such as hospital prescription issuance, pharmacist review, drug distribution, drug payment, and process supervision. Through blockchain distributed storage and accurate matching of information on the chain with patients, the one-time dispensing effectiveness of prescriptions is ensured, prescription modification or abuse is prevented, and supervision is facilitated. In the future, patient information, prescription information, drug circulation information, etc. will be encrypted and desensitized through blockchain technology, which can open up more medical application scenarios.
4. Integration of Blockchain and IoT Industrial Internet At the 5th World Internet Conference, the supET Industrial Internet platform, which integrates Internet of Things and blockchain technology, was selected as the world's leading Internet scientific and technological achievement and became the only The award-winning industrial Internet platform.

In addition, blockchain data sharing, blockchain judicial chain, blockchain charity, trusted digital content copyright services, etc. In areas such as government, finance, industry and logistics, healthcare, retail andIn the Internet industry, blocks have a wide range of business application scenarios.

② What will the second half of e-commerce revolve around?

The e-commerce industry continues its high growth trend and presents three major highlights and trends

Emerging markets continue its high growth trend and lay the foundation for promoting economic transformation and upgrading.

In the first three quarters of 2018, national online retail sales were 6.2785 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 27%. In recent years, as the penetration rate of the Internet, especially mobile Internet, has increased, the scale of online shopping users has continued to expand, and supply methods in emerging markets such as online retail have continued to see high growth. The new kinetic energy represented by the Internet economy has not only become an important driving force for maintaining economic operations within a reasonable range, but also laid a good foundation for further economic transformation and upgrading.

The emerging Internet is playing new tricks

Face-based payment, virtual fitting, unmanned convenience stores, and many emerging Internet applications this year are refreshing consumer awareness. Before Double 11 has even started, the products have already been sold out!

On October 20, this year’s Tmall “Double 11” pre-sale officially started. This is already the 10th day of the online shopping carnival. This year, consumer enthusiasm remains undiminished. Ten years ago, the first Tmall's "Double 11" transaction volume was 52 million yuan, which increased to 168.2 billion yuan last year. The sales volume of the "Double 11" online shopping carnival is refreshed every year, which is a sign of the rapid development of my country's e-commerce. Vivid footnote.

E-commerce has become a new driving force for China’s economic development. In a narrow sense, e-commerce is a business activity that sells goods or provides services through information networks such as the Internet. But in a broad sense, e-commerce It has become the main method for industrial transformation and upgrading, consumption iterative appreciation, and cross-border business development, gathering new business forms and nurturing new power.

Three highlights of the development of the e-commerce market

1. Market The scale continues to grow rapidly. According to statistical data from the "E-commerce Industry Market Foresight and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report" released by the Qianzhan Industry Research Institute, in the first three quarters of 2018, national online retail sales were 6.2785 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 27%. Among them , the online retail sales of physical goods increased by 27.7% year-on-year, and the online retail sales of non-physical goods increased by 24.8% year-on-year, which were 18.4 and 15.5 percentage points higher than the growth rate of total retail sales of consumer goods respectively. Whether it is goods or services, online retail sales ranked first in the top few Based on the rapid growth in 2018, the growth rate has remained at a high level since this year. From an international perspective, my country’s e-commerce transaction scale ranks first in the world.

National online retail sales statistics in Q3 from 2014 to 2018 and growth

Data source: compiled by Qianzhan Industry Research Institute

2. The market structure is constantly optimized. According to data from Qianzhan Industry Research Institute, service e-commerce Transactions have maintained rapid growth. From January to June 2018, the transaction volume reached 953.3 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 30.9%, accounting for a further increase in the proportion of online retail sales. In the past, the penetration of the Internet in my country's service industryThe rate is very low, which is an opportunity for the development of service e-commerce in my country. The Internet, a typical digital platform, is now deeply integrated with life service industries such as catering, hotels, tourism, movies, and retail, and has huge room for growth. "Meituan CEO Wang Xing said. Taking food delivery as an example, my country's food delivery business has led the world in scale and continues to grow.

3. New technologies are emerging in an endless stream. Face-swiping payment, virtual fitting, Unmanned convenience stores... Since this year, many emerging Internet applications have refreshed consumer awareness. E-commerce technology has evolved from big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things that consumers are familiar with to virtual reality, blockchain, artificial intelligence, etc. New technologies have further expanded and provided richer application scenarios. At present, many subdivided technology markets have emerged, and enterprises are increasing their investment in competing for these technical fields.

Exploring new space - to rural areas Regional expansion

E-commerce is expanding from large and medium-sized cities, first- and second-tier cities, to third- and fourth-tier cities and even rural areas. I didn’t want to go out when I had a cold or a fever, so I ordered a ‘flash sale’ in the middle of the night, and in less than half an hour The medicine is delivered. Not only can you now order takeout at home without having to go to a restaurant, but it can also be delivered to your doorstep at surrounding supermarkets, convenience stores, fruit shops, pharmacies, and flower shops. It is very convenient to purchase offline goods and services online.

E-commerce has become a new way of life for Chinese people. Every aspect of daily life, work interactions, external contacts, etc. is inseparable from the Internet.

The development of e-commerce presents three new development trends

1. Unbounded. "New retail" projects represented by Hema Fresh are being implemented in more and more cities. Driven by new technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence and mobile Internet, they are increasingly improving With the support of logistics and distribution systems, traditional retail formats such as supermarkets and professional stores are deeply integrated with e-commerce platforms. The unbounded integration of emerging business formats and traditional business formats has become an important way to supply the consumer market.

The unbounded integration of consumer channels will be The general trend of industry development includes both online and offline integration, as well as cross-industry integration. In terms of channel selection, enterprises should pay attention to the direction of integration of online Internet and offline physical stores, and integrate the two channels to grasp future consumer trends. Opportunities.

2. Socialization. This year, the listing of Pinduoduo, which was founded only three years ago, has attracted much attention, and "social e-commerce" has become a hot word in the field of e-commerce. Taobao, JD.com, Meituan, etc. Platforms have launched group shopping and group buying, unwilling to miss the dividends of the development of social e-commerce.

Socialization of e-commerce is a major trend. All e-commerce companies are inseparable from social interaction. On the one hand, they provide e-commerce services through social channels. Businesses can increase traffic. On the other hand, social platforms can improve the effectiveness of e-commerce promotions. Socialization can also form good stickiness between e-commerce and customers. Through real-time interaction, businesses can better grasp consumer data and understand Consumers will be willing to provide more accurate goods and services, making marketing more targeted.

3. Sinking down. In the first half of 2018, online sales in rural areas exceeded 600 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 34.4%, 4.3 percentage points higher than the national online retail sales growth rate in the same period. E-commerce is expanding from large and medium-sized cities, first- and second-tier cities, to third- and fourth-tier cities and even rural areas. China still has a lot of room for urbanization. In the field of e-commerce, there is still huge room for rural areas to not only sell agricultural products to cities, but also to allow consumer goods to reach the countryside smoothly.

E-commerce Law - Creating a New Environment

The "E-Commerce Law" will be implemented next year, and there will be a new starting point for e-commerce websites to abide by the law and must abide by the law.

Yang Yang, an employee of a foreign company in Jing'an District, Shanghai, recently tried to buy an Australian brand of skin care products through an agent, but encountered a lot of trouble. The quality of the product I received for the first time was the same as the one I brought back from Australia. When I bought it again, I found that the quality had deteriorated. I asked the merchant to return it. The purchasing agent refused because the packaging was incomplete and the quality difference could not be proven. I had no choice but to admit that I was unlucky. I really hope that the E-Commerce Law will be implemented soon to regulate overseas purchasing.

At present, there is still some chaos in the field of online transactions. In the first three quarters of 2018, a total of 17,000 illegal online transaction cases were investigated and dealt with, a year-on-year increase of 39.2%. The main existing problems are: security issues, such as online ride-hailing, online food ordering, etc., which pose security risks; quality issues, such as some shopping platforms allowing fake and shoddy products to be put on the shelves; monopoly issues, such as some Internet platforms holding a large amount of user data and industry monopoly Risks are gradually emerging; price issues, such as false advertising, and fraudulent behaviors such as raising prices first and then discounting occur from time to time; personal privacy violations, some platforms collect customer information without the customer's knowledge, abuse or even leak the information.

In order to solve many problems existing in online transactions, the "E-Commerce Law" was voted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in August this year and will come into effect on January 1 next year. From then on, my country's e-commerce website has A new starting point where the law can be followed and the law must be followed.

The "E-Commerce Law" is my country's first comprehensive law in the field of e-commerce. Its introduction imposes responsibilities on e-commerce operators, especially platform operators, in terms of product quality and safety, consumer rights and personal information protection, etc. Make it clear and severely punish various illegal activities that harm the rights and interests of consumers. At the same time, some legal gaps have been filled, such as including micro-business and purchasing agents under supervision. This will create a better online consumption environment for consumers.

At present, the implementation of the "E-Commerce Law" still requires further judicial interpretation. Some provisions of the "E-Commerce Law" are mostly principled, general, guiding, and relatively abstract. Necessary disposal measures will need to be clarified in the implementation details in the future.

The implementation of the "E-Commerce Law" requires consumer participation. If consumers do not report the problem, it is equivalent to the victim not suing, making it difficult for regulators to grasp the situation, and it is impossible to implement e-commerce quality responsibilities. Therefore, regulators and consumers must be “online” at the same time, using Internet thinking and awareness of the rule of law to safeguard consumer rights.

③ What changes will Zhongguancun Medical Health Big Data Trading Platform launch?

Zhongguancun MedicalWhat changes will the launch of the pharmaceutical health big data trading platform bring? The medical and health big data platform is very critical. It is mainly used for comprehensive new technology development and support for related industries. It also has an important function, which is to cultivate more medical talents. Let me explain to you what this platform will do in the future. Friends can refer to what changes it will bring to the pharmaceutical industry:

3. The launch of the pharmaceutical and health big data trading platform is very important for talent cultivation and will accelerate the flow of talents:

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The launch of the medical and health big data trading platform will have direct benefits for many talents. They can use this platform to demonstrate their capabilities, thereby accelerating the flow of talents. This change is of great significance.

④ What changes will the combination of blockchain technology and the medical industry bring?

The emergence of blockchain technology has made the original personnel database and health transaction information obsolete. Blockchain technology can improve the overall security of data and greatly save explicit and implicit costs. If this new recording method becomes a reality, tragedies such as the inferior children's vaccine that occurred in 2016 will not happen. At present, it seems that the application of blockchain technology in the medical field can be well reflected in the following aspects: electronic health records, DNA wallets, drug anti-counterfeiting and protein folding. Electronic health records, DNA wallets, drug anti-counterfeiting and protein folding.

Protein folding

Simulating the folding process of proteins is quite time-consuming and laborious. Previously, the world-famous Stanford University relied on very expensive supercomputers to simulate proteins. The whole process of folding, but the disadvantages of this method are also obvious: it costs a lot and there is a single point of failure.

Using blockchain technology, a distributed network can be established to assist protein folding. Each node in the node network can use the computing power of the entire network when performing calculations. When 10,000 computers in the entire network can reasonably calculate a data, researchers no longer need to purchase expensive super hosts.

⑤ What are the applications of blockchain?

The blockchain industry has huge growth potential and five major aspects to promote the healthy development of technology

Basic overview analysis of blockchain

Blockchain (Blockchain) technology is a technical solution for collectively maintaining a reliable database in a decentralized manner. It has the characteristics of decentralization, tamper-proof, and high scalability. It is becoming a technology that follows big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, virtual reality and other technologies. Another emerging technology that will have a major impact on the future is expected to propel mankind from the information Internet era into the value Internet era.

The United States, Japan and some countries and regions in the European Union have elevated the development of blockchain to an important national development strategy and vigorously promoted the research and development, application and promotion of blockchain technology. Our country also attaches great importance to blockchain technology innovation and industrial development. With the joint participation of IT and other enterprises, a large number of new technologies have emerged.Enterprises, new products, new models, new applications, the application of blockchain in finance, government affairs, energy, medical and other industries is gradually unfolding, and it is becoming an important force driving technological product innovation and industrial transformation in various industries.

Blockchain development is divided into three stages, namely Blockchain 1.0 represented by Bitcoin and related financial infrastructure applications, and Blockchain 2.0 represented by smart contracts. , is currently gradually moving towards the blockchain 3.0 stage, which is based on blockchain technology and has in-depth application of more complex smart contracts.

Statistical analysis of blockchain investment and financing in the first half of the year

Since 2016, the frequency and amount of investment and financing in my country’s blockchain field have increased dramatically. According to statistics from the "In-depth Analysis Report on Business Model Innovation and Investment Opportunities in China's Blockchain Industry" released by the Qianzhan Industry Research Institute, in the first half of 2018, the financing amount in the blockchain field was approximately 10.7 billion, with a year-on-year growth rate of 10.7 billion compared with the same period in 2017. 1426%; the number of investment and financing events in the blockchain field reached 205. It is expected that investment in the blockchain field will usher in another peak this year.

Judging from the distribution of investment and financing rounds in China’s blockchain field, early-stage investment rounds (before Series B) account for more than 95%, with many industry pioneers participating in the investment, and most companies are still Horse racing and enclosure.

Blockchain investment and financing statistics and growth from 2014 to the first half of 2018

Data source: Compiled by Qianzhan Industry Research Institute

my country attaches great importance to the development and application of blockchain technology. Driven by multiple forces such as policy, technology, and market, the pace of blockchain innovation continues to accelerate, and it is deeply integrated with technologies such as cloud computing, big data, and the Internet of Things. The scope of explored applications has also expanded from digital assets to supply chain management, intelligent manufacturing, Expand and expand in more fields such as industrial Internet, social welfare, copyright protection, etc.

Five major aspects strive to promote the healthy development of blockchain technology and promote the high-quality development of the digital economy

1. In-depth research and grasp of blockchain technology and industry development trends. Pay close attention to the latest trends in international development, jointly promote blockchain-related technology and industry research, promote the standardization of blockchain development industry behavior, and create a good development environment.

2. Strengthen the construction of core technical capabilities of blockchain.

Establish and improve the collaborative promotion mechanism among key enterprises, colleges and universities, and research institutions, guide IT enterprises to strengthen technical reserves, accelerate breakthroughs in key core technologies, and improve blockchain performance, efficiency, and security.

3. Support entrepreneurship and innovation in the field of blockchain

Encourage blockchain enterprises and user units to carry out cross-border integration, guide industry organizations to establish public service platforms, and support third-party institutions Carry out blockchain service evaluation and testing, promote rich industry applications of blockchain, and serve the transformation and upgrading of the real economy.

4. Actively build and improve the blockchain standard system

Accelerate the development and application promotion of key standards, and gradually build a complete standard system. productWe will closely connect with international standards organizations such as ITU and ISO, substantially participate in more international standardization work, and actively contribute more "Chinese power".

5. Accelerate the improvement of the policy environment for blockchain development

Support qualified enterprises to carry out application innovation and model innovation, guide and encourage enterprises, universities and scientific research institutes to jointly cultivate blockchain Professional talents needed for chain development. Support qualified blockchain companies to enjoy the country’s preferential tax policies that support the development of the software industry and small and medium-sized enterprises.

The industry is small but has huge growth potential

The blockchain economy is currently on the eve of an explosion. It is widely used in the financial industry, and applications in other industries have also entered the exploration and research and development stage. It is expected that the direct market value of blockchain will increase from US$410 million to US$7.68 billion between 2017 and 2022, with a compound annual growth rate of 79.6%. It is expected that various blockchain-based extended businesses will reach US$100 billion in 2020.

Industrial application fields continue to expand

The financial industry is the first to apply blockchain technology, and many financial applications have been implemented; the medical industry is an important area of ​​blockchain application and can be more It is good to protect privacy and improve service quality and management efficiency; the demand for blockchain in social forensics is rising rapidly to solve certification problems caused by information asymmetry; the application of blockchain technology in other fields such as communications and supply chain is rapidly expanding .

⑥ What are the application industries of blockchain technology?

Original title: Analysis of market status and development trends of China’s blockchain industry in 2019 and widespread application to accelerate the construction of digital China

Blockchain industry It is entering the 3.0 stage as a whole and has made great contributions to accelerating the process of Digital China

my country’s blockchain industry has developed after ten years. Basically, a relatively mature industrial chain has been formed. Under the conditions of national policy promotion and increasing demand in downstream application fields, the market scale of my country's blockchain industry continues to develop, with high geographical concentration and obvious industrial cluster effects. As the maturity of blockchain technology continues to increase, the blockchain industry is entering the 3.0 stage as a whole, with good performance in finance, logistics, copyright protection and other fields, making a huge contribution to promoting my country's digital construction and accelerating the process of Digital China. the power of.

Blockchain industry industry chain analysis: Many downstream application fields have huge development potential

From the perspective of the industry chain, my country’s blockchain industry includes upstream hardware, technology and infrastructure; midstream Blockchain application and technical services;

Downstream blockchain application fields and other links. Upstream hardware, technology and infrastructure mainly provide necessary hardware, technology and infrastructure support for blockchain applications. Among them, hardware equipment includes mining machines, mining pools, chip manufacturers, etc.; general technologies include distributed storage, decentralization transaction, data services, distributed computing and other related technologies.

Downstream application fields include the combination of applying blockchain technology with existing industries, mainly including the financial industry, logistics industry, copyright protection, medical health,In many fields such as industrial energy, blockchain, as an emerging technology, has many downstream application fields and has huge development potential.

Midstream blockchain applications and services include basic platform construction and the provision of technical service support. The basic platform construction is divided into general basic chains and vertical domain basic chains; technical service support includes technical support and service support. Support is similar to upstream related technologies, and is responsible for providing buyers with a series of technical support based on blockchain products such as blockchain security protection; service support includes a series of services such as digital asset trading venues, digital asset storage, and media communities.

Blockchain industry industry chain analysis

Source: Compiled by Qianzhan Industry Research Institute

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my country’s Internet giants have also laid out their plans in the blockchain industry. The main entry point is the application of blockchain technology in the financial field. Most of Alibaba, Internet, Tencent, JD.com, 360 and other companies use their own financial companies to Apply blockchain technology to launch a new model of blockchain + finance and expand the application scenarios of blockchain technology.

Analysis of development trends of my country’s blockchain industry

1. With the continuous development of my country’s blockchain technology and the continuous expansion of blockchain application fields, my country’s blockchain industry will It will appear that blockchain has become the forefront of global technological development and opened up a new track for international competition;

2. The blockchain field has become a new hot spot for innovation and entrepreneurship, and technological integration will expand new application space;

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3. Blockchain will be widely implemented in the real economy in the next three years and become an important support for the construction of Digital China;

4. Blockchain will create a new platform economy and open up a new era of sharing economy. Times;

5. Blockchain accelerates the process of "trusted digitization" and drives finance to "shift from virtuality to reality" to serve the real economy;

6. Blockchain supervision and standard system It will be further improved and the foundation for industrial development will continue to consolidate the six major development trends.

⑦ What is the value of blockchain technology services in the real industry

1. Think about using blockchain in enterprise applications to provide more flexible, secure and efficient services Processes and distributed, independent markets. Blockchain allows asset owners to track and trade things of value, such as outstanding invoices, on a transaction “chain” that is more secure, transparent, private and self-coordinating. This capability increases the speed and flexibility of cash and asset management. For example, you are afraid of buying fake goods because one manufacturer transfers production to several middlemen, and then you buy it through the middlemen, not the manufacturer. If all data was decentralized, peer-to-peer, and transparent, then you could buy and pay directly from the manufacturer.

2. The automated market for other assets will be diversified. In essence, blockchain-based transactions reduce the need for third-party supervision because the software itself is a controlled open architecture and is visible to all parties involved in the transaction. If the company canValue information is released to multiple potential buyers, and for all buyers, its content can be trusted and truly visible, and sellers cannot re-sell. Then an open and transparent competitive environment will be formed when making purchases, and sellers can also Can get better prices.

3. Reduce business transaction friction. Managing expenses is a challenge for most organizations. But blockchain can enable companies to create self-managed networks for suppliers and partners, enabling contract automation, instant payments, tracking of cargo shipments, and visibility of the entire supply chain. For example, if a company transports perishable goods in refrigerated containers, IoT sensors on the truck might call a smart contract on the blockchain when the temperature of the container exceeds a certain threshold. This will cause the corresponding order to be cancelled, and it will also be able to automatically create a new order so that a second batch of goods can be sent immediately, and the truck with the faulty refrigeration equipment can also be sent to the maintenance department for repair.

4. This type of network reduces transaction errors and information omissions by reducing or eliminating human-computer interaction. And, by connecting buyers directly with sellers, transactions become faster. Manage and secure decentralized private records. Traditional industry practice has been to rely on third parties to secure their shared information databases using firewalls and restricted access. Frequent data breaches show that this approach is not ideal. A fundamental advantage of blockchain is that each individual data record or element is encrypted with the key of a blockchain member. Cybercriminals may need to obtain every key of every member to gain access to all blockchain data. This is not to say that blockchain can guarantee 100% security of all data and help reduce the possibility of large amounts of private records being exposed.

5. A logical application would be employee or student records, where employers, educational institutions and even industry accreditation bodies can add new qualifications, grades or work locations if necessary. Imagine giving employees a key that can access all of their employee records as part of a secure blockchain that encompasses human resources. Individuals can securely share their college transcripts or employment history with other companies or educational institutions without having to rely on unreliable and easily forged faxes. Trace the origin of products and ingredients. Blockchain can help ensure product quality and safety by simplifying how products and ingredients are tracked and located in use. For example, suppose an automobile manufacturer forms a quality-centric blockchain that includes parts suppliers, component assemblers, quality control suppliers, and public regulatory agencies (such as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration). Then the recall process for defective parts will be handled faster. This realization makes perfect sense when you consider that thousands of lives are lost every year due to defective car parts.

6. Verify identity and verify published information and data. Create better user control mechanisms. User information today can easily be manipulated, distributed to third parties, and even sold, creating revenue streams for social media platform owners that have absolutely no bearing on the use of the information.households share. Blockchain can disrupt all of these activities. It gives users control over their own information, and exactly where it resides. No platform is accessible without permission. Users can decide who can access their information. They can deal directly with advertisers and third parties as they choose, rather than like others. Furthermore, users can choose to share their information with advertisers on any platform and receive fees.

In summary, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger. Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses automated scripts to A new distributed infrastructure and computing method (reference network) that uses smart contracts composed of codes to program and operate data

Applications in finance

Blockchain technology three Big applications

Application of blockchain technology in the field of asset securitization

In recent years, the domestic asset securitization (hereinafter referred to as "ABS") industry has developed rapidly. At the same time, asset cash flow management Problems such as the transparency and efficiency of underlying asset supervision that need to be improved, the low efficiency of asset transaction settlement, and the high cost of credit enhancement have also been gradually exposed. To apply blockchain technology in the ABS field, participants first need to build an ABS blockchain alliance, which consists of asset parties, Pre-ABS investors, SPV (trust), custodian banks, managers, intermediaries, and ABS investors. , exchanges are jointly composed. Its core business includes fund transaction reconciliation, transaction document management, data interaction interface, information release and sharing, underlying asset management, intelligent ABS workflow, etc. Blockchain applications can empower the ABS industry in at least the following five aspects.

1. Improve the cash flow management of ABS.
2. It is conducive to penetrating supervision.
3. It can improve the efficiency of sales and settlement of financial assets.
Four. The efficiency and transparency of securities transactions will be greatly enhanced.
5. It can reduce the transfer cost in the credit enhancement process.

2. Application of blockchain technology in the insurance field

The insurance industry has grown rapidly in recent years. However, as regulatory policies for short- and medium-term survival products continue to tighten, the scale of universal insurance business has declined significantly. In the design process of insurance products, blockchain is conducive to promoting the breakthrough of bottlenecks and rapid development of insurance categories with strong customized attributes, such as agricultural insurance, product quality insurance, etc.

Quality insurance can endorse the reputation of a company and protect the rights and interests of consumers at the same time. However, insurance companies underwriting quality insurance require comprehensive assessments of companies and products, but these data are often difficult to collect truly and effectively, thus restricting the development of quality insurance. Establishing product traceability and anti-counterfeiting application platform based on the underlying technology of blockchainThe platform can help insurance companies easily trace information in all aspects of product production, processing, sales, purchase, and complaints through the platform, thereby effectively judging the incidence of quality defects in related products, formulating insurance products, and promoting consumption upgrades and industrial upgrading.

In the insurance sales process, the application of blockchain technology can simplify the sales process, save sales costs, and achieve traceability of insurance sales. From the perspective of an insurance company, a willing policy holder purchases a policy through a channel, and the channel provider uniformly sends the policy holder's information to the blockchain platform. The platform determines whether the willing policy holder is in the whitelist based on the distributed and stored information. If it meets the standards, then Accepting purchase requests eliminates the previous tedious processes of manual transmission, acceptance, review, and feedback. From a consumer perspective, blockchain technology can realize the traceability of insurance sales behavior and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. The insurance sales market has always been full of chaos, and the phenomenon of false advertising of insurance products through deception, concealment or inducement is repeated. Blockchain technology can put key actions in each link of insurance sales on the chain and realize the traceability of sales actions throughout the entire process, thereby standardizing insurance sales behavior and promoting the sustained, healthy and stable development of the industry.

In the insurance claims process, the application of blockchain technology can improve claims efficiency and enhance customer experience. The claims and loss handling process is an important process in the insurance market. Complex claims processes increase costs, reduce claims efficiency, and affect customer experience. Smart contract technology can simplify the claim submission process, reduce the need for manual review, and shorten the processing cycle. At the same time, suspicious behavior can be more easily identified through historical claims and asset provenance records in the distributed ledger.
In the field of insurance anti-fraud, the application of blockchain technology can effectively prevent the occurrence of insurance fraud incidents. Insurance fraud not only erodes the profits of insurance companies, but also damages the legitimate rights and interests of other insurance consumers. Although various insurance companies have made great efforts to combat insurance fraud, the reality is still grim. Blockchain technology can help the insurance industry alleviate or even resolve this stubborn problem in at least the following two aspects. The first is to establish an anti-fraud sharing platform to reduce fraud and strengthen assessment through historical claim information; the second is to establish "uniquely identifiable identity information" through the use of trustworthy data sources and coded business rules to prevent identity fraud.

3. Application of blockchain technology in the field of asset custody
In recent years, the global asset custody industry has entered a fast lane of rapid development, with the scale of assets under custody and major custody products maintaining rapid growth. , but there is still a certain gap between this scale and international advanced peers, and there is still a large room for development in my country's asset custody industry.

The application of smart contract technology in the blockchain can effectively solve the operational risks in the asset custody business. The business process of asset custody can be optimized from the following aspects: First, it realizes the automation of the entire process, encapsulates business instruction judgment and execution rules into smart contracts, and uses intelligence to execute contracts and provide risk warnings; second, it improves process efficiency , the asset entrusting party,The real-time sharing of information such as asset changes and transaction details by managers, custodians, and agents eliminates the need for repeated verification and confirmation of rights; third, it ensures the security of contract performance and the authenticity of transactions, guaranteed by setting keys The formal information of the participants, the limited visibility of the ledger information and the verifiability of the transaction; the fourth is to ensure that the information cannot be tampered with, and the compliance verification requirements of the investment plan are placed on the blockchain to ensure that each transaction is formed Completed on the basis of consensus.

For now, the one most closely related to blockchain is Bitcoin. If you want to know more and some news about the Bitcoin blockchain, you can follow some new media. For example, Sohu, Baijiahao, Mustard Circle and so on. Foreign websites such as CCN and CoinDesk have huge sources of information, which will be of great help to you if you want to understand blockchain and finance. The above content is half handwritten and half quoted. If you still have doubts, you can take a look at the TED talk on blockchain applications linked below, which has Chinese subtitles. I hope I can help you!

⑧ I am a relatively small pharmaceutical company and want to transform. Do experts in the pharmaceutical industry have any suggestions?

With the aging of the population, residents With the enhancement of health awareness, the implementation of new medical reform policies, and the continued growth of pharmaceutical market demand, although there are many pharmaceutical companies in my country, they are generally small in scale and have problems with intellectual property rights that need to be protected. A large number of companies mainly manufacture low-end chemical raw materials. The drugs are identical and have similar properties, and their innovation capabilities are insufficient. If they want to transform, they must work harder on technological innovation, develop patented products, develop mature sales channels, and improve brand awareness. Spend.