区块链技术的研究方法和思路是什么,区块链技术的研究方法和思路有哪些

区块链技术是一种分布式记账技术，它可以让不同的用户之间安全地记录交易数据，并且不需要第三方来保证交易的安全性。在最近几年，区块链技术受到了越来越多的关注，许多研究者着手研究这项技术，以探索它的潜力和可能性。那么，区块链技术的研究方法和思路是什么呢？以下是三个相关关键词：数据安全性、去中心化和智能合约。

区块链技术的核心特点之一是其强大的数据安全性，它采用分布式记账技术，可以有效地保护用户的数据安全，并且可以有效地防止数据被篡改。研究者可以从数据安全性的角度，研究如何更好地应用区块链技术，以保护用户的数据安全，并且可以研究如何更好地发现和防止篡改。

另一个重要的特点是区块链技术的去中心化，它不需要第三方来保证交易的安全性，而是由多个用户之间的共识来确保交易的安全性。研究者可以从去中心化的角度，研究如何更好地应用区块链技术，以实现多个用户之间的安全交易，以及如何有效地管理用户之间的共识。

智能合约是区块链技术的一个重要组成部分，它可以实现自动执行、自动管理和自动审核的功能。研究者可以从智能合约的角度，研究如何更好地应用区块链技术，以实现智能合约的自动执行、自动管理和自动审核，以及如何有效地解决智能合约中可能出现的安全问题。

以上是区块链技术的研究方法和思路的三个相关关键词：数据安全性、去中心化和智能合约。研究者可以从这三个方面来研究区块链技术，以发掘其潜力和可能性，为更好地应用区块链技术提供科学的依据。

㈠ What is the core technology of blockchain?

Simply put, blockchain is a distributed database that provides Byzantine fault tolerance and ensures eventual consistency; From the data structure point of view, it is a chained data block structure based on time series; from the node topology point of view, all its nodes are redundant backups of each other; from the operation point of view, it provides a public and private key management system based on cryptography to manage the account.
Perhaps the above concept is too abstract, let me give you an example so that you can understand it easier.
You can imagine that there are 100 computers distributed around the world. The network between these 100 machines is a wide area network, and the owners of these 100 machines do not trust each other.
So, what kind of algorithm (consensus mechanism) do we use to provide it with a trustworthy environment and make:
The data exchange process between nodes cannot be tampered with, and the generated historical records It cannot be tampered with;
The data of each node will be synchronized to the latest data, and the validity of the latest data will be verified;
Based on the principle of the minority obeying the majority, the data maintained by the overall node can objectively reflect the exchange history.
Blockchain is a technical solution created to solve the above problems.
2. The core technology components of blockchain
Whether it is a public chain or a consortium chain, it requires at least four modules: P2P network protocol, distributed consistency algorithm (consensus mechanism), encryption signature algorithm, Account and storage model.
1. P2P network protocol
P2P network protocol is the lowest module of all blockchains and is responsible for network transmission and broadcast of transaction data, node discovery and maintenance.
Usually what we use is the Bitcoin P2P network protocol module, which follows certain interaction principles. For example: when connecting to other nodes for the first time, you will be required to confirm the status according to the handshake protocol. After the handshake, you will start to request the address data and block data of the Peer node.
This P2P interactive protocol also has its own set of instructions, which are reflected in the command field of the Message Header. These commands provide the upper layer with node discovery, node acquisition, block header acquisition, Block acquisition and other functions, these functions are very low-level and very basic functions. If you want to learn more, you can refer to the Peer Discovery chapter in the Bitcoin Developer Guide.
2. Distributed consensus algorithm
In the field of classic distributed computing, we have non-Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithms represented by the Raft and Paxos algorithm families, as well as the PBFT consensus algorithm with Byzantine fault-tolerant characteristics.
If we look at it from the perspective of technological evolution, we can draw a picture in which blockchain technology has expanded the original distributed algorithm economically.
In the pictureWe can see that computer applications were mostly single-point applications at the beginning, and cold disaster recovery was used for high availability and convenience. Later, they developed into multi-active in different places. These multi-active in different places may use load balancing and routing technologies. With the distribution With the development of traditional system technology, we have transitioned to distributed systems based on Paxos and Raft.
In the field of blockchain, PoW workload proof algorithm, PoS equity proof algorithm, and DPoS proxy equity proof algorithm are mostly used. The above three are the mainstream consensus algorithms in the industry. These algorithms are similar to the classic distributed consensus algorithm. The difference is that they incorporate the concept of economic games. Below I will briefly introduce these three consensus algorithms respectively.
PoW: Usually refers to solving a mathematical problem of specific difficulty under given constraints. Whoever solves it faster can obtain the right to bookkeeping (block production). This solution process is often converted into a calculation problem, so when competing for speed, it becomes who has a better calculation method and whose equipment has better performance.
PoS: This is a proof-of-stake mechanism. Its basic concept is that the difficulty of generating a block should be proportional to your stake (ownership ratio) in the network. The core idea of ​​its implementation is: Use the coin age (CoinAge) of your locked tokens and a small proof of work to calculate a target value. When the target value is met, you will be able to obtain accounting rights.
DPoS: A simple understanding is to convert the bookkeepers in the PoS consensus algorithm into a small circle composed of a specified number of nodes, instead of everyone can participate in bookkeeping. This circle may have 21 nodes or 101 nodes, depending on the design. Only nodes in this circle can obtain accounting rights. This will greatly improve the throughput of the system, because fewer nodes means that the network and nodes are controllable.
3. Encrypted signature algorithm
In the field of blockchain, the most commonly used hash algorithm is the hash algorithm. The hash algorithm has the characteristics of collision resistance, irreversibility of the original image, and problem friendliness.
Among them, problem friendliness is the basis for the existence of many PoW currencies. In Bitcoin, the SHA256 algorithm is used as the calculation method for proof of work, which is what we call the mining algorithm.
In Litecoin, we will also see the Scrypt algorithm, which is different from SHA256 in that it requires large memory support. In some other currencies, we can also see mining algorithms based on the SHA3 algorithm. Ethereum uses an improved version of the Dagger-Hashimoto algorithm, named Ethash, which is an IO-intractable algorithm.
Of course, in addition to the mining algorithm, we will also use the RIPEMD160 algorithm, which is mainly used to generate addresses. Most of the numerous Bitcoin derivative codes adopt the Bitcoin address design.
In addition to addresses, we will also use the core and the cornerstone of the blockchain Token system: public and private key cryptographic algorithms.
In the Bitcoin code, ECDSA is basically used. ECDSA is a combination of ECC and DSA. The entire signature process is similar to DSA, except that the algorithm used in the signature is ECC (Elliptic Curve Function).
Technically, we start by generating a private key, then generate a public key from the private key, and finally generate an address from the public key. Each of the above steps is an irreversible process, which means that the public key cannot be derived from the address. , derived from the public key to the private key.
4. Account and transaction model
From the initial definition, we know that blockchain can be considered a distributed database from a technical perspective only. So, what type of database do most blockchains use? What about the database?
When I designed the Metaverse blockchain, I referred to a variety of databases, including NoSQL’s BerkeleyDB and LevelDB, and some currencies use SQL-based SQLite. As the underlying storage facilities, most of them are lightweight embedded databases. Since they do not involve the ledger characteristics of the blockchain, these storage technologies are no different from those used in other situations.
The ledger characteristics of blockchain are usually divided into UTXO structure and ledger structure based on Accout-Balance structure, which we also call the ledger model. UTXO is the abbreviation of "unspent transaction input/output", which translated means "unspent transaction input/output".
This is an accounting mode for Token transfer in the blockchain. Each transfer appears in the form of input and output; in the Balance structure, there is no such mode.

㈡ How to correctly view blockchain technology

From a technical perspective, blockchain is likely to be a major technological revolution after the Internet. Currently, major corporate giants around the world are working hard on the research and application of blockchain technology. SAP opened a pilot version of the blockchain project in May last year. Banks in Japan and South Korea have just begun testing blockchain technology. Tencent has registered the trademarks "Ether Lock" and "Tencent Ether Lock". In April 2017, Tencent released the "Blockchain Solution White Paper" and announced that Tencent's blockchain industry solutions with independent intellectual property rights were also officially released on the official website. The network has launched the blockchain open platform "BaaS", which is a project based on blockchain technology independently developed by the network. It mainly helps enterprise alliances build their own blockchain network platforms. In 2018, we sold Jiabao smart mining machines to several companies. In November of the same year, the uton hardware wallet and ATM launch conference was held in Singapore.

The concept of blockchain has been proposed for a long time. This round has been touted by speculators in the A-share secondary market and originated from Bitcoin.Hype on a global scale. Participants do not care about the technical value of the blockchain, but they care about how much profit and water they can get from the existing "seigniorage" by creating digital currency through the blockchain. Some institutional investors even hope to use their professional judgment and ability to control market sentiment to "cut leeks" from the large amount of blind influx of social funds. In view of the recent rise of the blockchain concept, all parties concerned must remain sober. Financial exchanges and intermediaries must stay awake and reduce unnecessary advertising to mislead small and medium-sized investors, and ordinary people must also stay awake.

㈢ What is blockchain technology and how does it change business and financial models

Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger technology that allows Multiple participants work together on a decentralized network to maintain a secure, transparent and immutable record. Blockchain technology was originally designed for the digital currency Bitcoin, but is now widely used in many other fields.

The core features of blockchain technology include:

Decentralization: Blockchain has no central control agency, and data is distributed on various nodes in the network, which makes it decentralized. The centralization feature reduces the risk of single points of failure.

Transparency: Transaction records on the blockchain are public to all participants, and anyone can view these records. This helps increase trust and reduce the risk of fraud.

Immutable: Once a transaction is recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be easily modified or deleted. This guarantees data integrity and security.

Smart contracts: Transactions on the blockchain can be automatically executed to implement "smart contracts", which automatically execute corresponding operations when specific conditions are met. This helps simplify complex business processes and reduce costs.

Blockchain technology has had a profound impact on business and financial models, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Reducing costs: Blockchain technology can reduce intermediary links and reduce costs. transaction costs and operating costs. For example, by adopting blockchain for cross-border payments, remittance fees can be significantly reduced.

Improving efficiency: The automation and smart contract features of blockchain technology help improve the efficiency of business processes, reduce manual intervention, and reduce error rates.

Enhance trust: The transparency and non-tamperability of blockchain technology help to establish a reliable trust system, reduce the risk of fraud, and provide better protection for business activities.

Innovative business models: Blockchain technology has spawned many new business models, such as decentralized finance (DeFi), digital asset trading, supply chain finance, etc. These new business models have brought disruptive changes to existing industries.

In short, blockchain technology, as an emerging technical means, is gradually changing the landscape of business and finance. With the continuous development of technology and the in-depth promotion of applications, blockchain is expected to have a more extensive and far-reaching impact in the future

㈣ Blockchain technology development status and prospects

Blockchain technology development status and prospects
Blockchain technology originated from the foundational work published by a scholar with the pseudonym "Satoshi Nakamoto" in the cryptography mailing group in 2008. Paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System." In the past two years, the research and application of blockchain technology have shown explosive growth. It is considered to be the fifth disruptive innovation in the computing paradigm after mainframes, personal computers, the Internet, and mobile/social networks. It is also the evolution of human credit. The fourth milestone in history after blood relatives credit, precious metal credit, and central bank banknote credit. Blockchain technology is the prototype of the next generation of cloud computing. It is expected to completely reshape the form of human social activities like the Internet and realize the transformation from the current information Internet to the value Internet. Technical characteristics of blockchain

Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, time series data, collective maintenance, programmability, security and trustworthiness. Decentralization: The processes of verification, accounting, storage, maintenance and transmission of blockchain data are all based on the distributed system structure. Pure mathematical methods are used instead of central institutions to establish trust relationships between distributed nodes, thus forming a decentralized system. Centralized and trustworthy distributed system; Time series data: Blockchain uses a chain block structure with timestamps to store data, thereby adding a time dimension to the data and having strong verifiability and traceability; Collective maintenance: The blockchain system uses a specific economic incentive mechanism to ensure that all nodes in the distributed system can participate in the verification process of data blocks (such as the "mining" process of Bitcoin), and select specific nodes through a consensus algorithm. Nodes add new blocks to the blockchain; Programmable: Blockchain technology can provide a flexible script code system to support users to create advanced smart contracts, currencies or other decentralized applications; Safe and trustworthy: Blockchain technology adopts The principle of asymmetric cryptography encrypts data, and at the same time uses the powerful computing power formed by consensus algorithms such as workload proof of each node of the distributed system to resist external attacks and ensure that the blockchain data cannot be tampered with or forged, so it has a high safety. Blockchain and Bitcoin Bitcoin is by far the most successful blockchain application scenario. Blockchain technology has solved the double payment problem and Byzantine Generals problem that the Bitcoin system has long faced in the field of digital cryptocurrency. Different from the credit endorsement mechanism of traditional central institutions (such as central banks), the Bitcoin blockchain forms software-defined credit, which marks a fundamental change from centralized national credit to decentralized algorithmic credit. In recent years, Bitcoin has relied on its first-mover advantage to form a complete ecosystem and industry chain covering issuance, circulation and financial derivatives markets. This is also the main reason why it has occupied the vast majority of the digital cryptocurrency market share for a long time. The development context and trends of blockchain
Blockchain technology is universalThe underlying technical framework can bring profound changes to various fields such as finance, economy, technology and even politics. According to the current development trend of blockchain technology, blockchain technology will experience the blockchain 1.0 model with programmable digital encryption currency system as the main feature, the blockchain 2.0 model with programmable financial system as the main feature, and the blockchain 2.0 model with programmable financial system as the main feature. The blockchain 3.0 model is characterized by a programmable society. However, the above-mentioned models are actually developing in parallel rather than in an evolutionary manner. The digital cryptocurrency system of the blockchain 1.0 model is still far from mature, and is actually farther and more difficult from its vision of global currency integration. At present, the blockchain field has shown an obvious development trend driven by technological and industrial innovation, and relevant academic research is seriously lagging behind and urgently needs to be followed up. Basic models and key technologies of blockchain
Generally speaking, a blockchain system consists of a data layer, a network layer, a consensus layer, an incentive layer, a contract layer and an application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related data encryption and timestamp technologies; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates various consensuses of network nodes Algorithm; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, which is the programmable feature of the blockchain. The foundation; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology. Application Scenarios of Blockchain Technology
Blockchain technology can not only be successfully used in the field of digital cryptocurrency, but also has a wide range of application scenarios in economic, financial and social systems. According to the current status of blockchain technology applications, this article broadly summarizes the current main applications of blockchain into six scenarios: digital currency, data storage, data authentication, financial transactions, asset management and election voting: Digital currency: Bitcoin It represents a digital currency that is essentially generated by a distributed network system, and its issuance process does not rely on a specific centralized institution. Data storage: The characteristics of blockchain such as high redundant storage, decentralization, high security and privacy protection make it particularly suitable for storing and protecting important private data to avoid attacks caused by centralized institutions or improper permission management. Massive data loss or breach. Data authentication: Blockchain data is time-stamped, jointly verified and recorded by consensus nodes, and cannot be tampered with or forged. These characteristics make the blockchain widely used in various data notarization and audit scenarios. For example, blockchain can permanently and securely store various licenses, registration forms, licenses, certificates, certifications and records issued by government agencies. Financial transactions: Blockchain technology has a very high degree of compatibility with financial market applications. Blockchain can spontaneously generate credit in a decentralized system and can establish a financial market without credit endorsement by a central institution, thus making it possible toIt achieves "financial disintermediation" to a certain extent; at the same time, using the automated smart contracts and programmable features of blockchain can greatly reduce costs and improve efficiency. Asset management: Blockchain can realize the confirmation, authorization and real-time monitoring of tangible and intangible assets. Intangible asset management has been widely used in intellectual property protection, domain name management, points management and other fields; tangible asset management can be combined with Internet of Things technology to form "digital smart assets" to achieve distributed authorization and control based on blockchain. Election voting: Blockchain can implement applications such as political elections and corporate shareholder voting in a low-cost and efficient manner. At the same time, voting can be widely used in fields such as gambling, prediction markets, and social manufacturing. Existing issues with blockchain technology
Security threats are the most important issues faced by blockchain so far. Among them, blockchains based on the PoW consensus process mainly face the 51% attack problem, that is, nodes have the ability to successfully tamper and forge blockchain data by controlling more than 51% of the computing power of the entire network. Other issues include the potential threats of emerging computing technologies to crack asymmetric encryption mechanisms and privacy protection issues. The efficiency of blockchain is also an important factor restricting its application. Blockchain requires each node in the system to save a data backup, which is extremely difficult to store the growing mass of data. Although lightweight nodes can partially solve this problem, industrial-grade solutions suitable for larger scales still need to be developed. The Bitcoin blockchain can currently only process 7 transactions per second, and transaction confirmation time is generally 10 minutes, which greatly limits the application of blockchain in high-frequency trading scenarios in most financial systems. The PoW consensus process highly relies on the computing power contributed by the blockchain network nodes. These computing powers are mainly used to solve SHA256 hashes and random number searches. In addition, they do not produce any actual social value. Therefore, these computing powers are generally considered Resources are "wasted", and a large amount of power resources are also wasted. How to effectively pool the network computing power of distributed nodes to solve practical problems is an important issue that blockchain technology needs to solve. As a decentralized distributed system, the blockchain network will inevitably have game relationships of competition and cooperation among its nodes during the interaction process, such as the block interception attack game of the Bitcoin mining pool. The blockchain consensus process is essentially a crowdsourcing process. How to design an incentive-compatible consensus mechanism so that self-interested nodes in a decentralized system can spontaneously implement the verification and accounting of block data, and improve the efficiency of non-profit organizations within the system. The cost of rational behavior to suppress security attacks and threats is an important scientific issue to be solved in blockchain. Smart Contracts and Blockchain Technology
Smart contracts are a set of scenario-responsive programmed rules and logic. They are decentralized, trustworthy and shared program codes deployed on the blockchain. Usually, after the smart contract is signed by all parties, it is attached to the blockchain data (such as a Bitcoin transaction) in the form of program code, and is disseminated through the P2P network and verified by nodes.After certification, it is recorded in a specific block of the blockchain. Smart contracts encapsulate a number of predefined states and transition rules, scenarios that trigger contract execution (such as reaching a specific time or occurrence of a specific event, etc.), response actions under specific scenarios, etc. The blockchain can monitor the status of smart contracts in real time, and activate and execute the contract by checking external data sources and confirming that specific trigger conditions are met. Smart contracts are of great significance to blockchain technology. On the one hand, smart contracts are the activators of the blockchain, giving flexible and programmable mechanisms and algorithms to the static underlying blockchain data, and laying the foundation for building programmable financial systems and social systems in the blockchain 2.0 and 3.0 eras. On the other hand, the automation and programmable characteristics of smart contracts enable it to encapsulate the complex behavior of each node in the distributed blockchain system and become a software agent robot in the virtual world composed of blockchain, which helps Promote the application of blockchain technology in various distributed artificial intelligence systems, allowing the construction of various decentralized applications (Decentralized applications, Dapp), decentralized autonomous organizations (Decentralized Autonomous Organization, DAO), and Decentralized Autonomous Corporation (DAC) and even Decentralized Autonomous Society (DAS) become possible. The main development trend of blockchain and smart contract technology is from automation to intelligence. The essential logic of various existing smart contracts and their applications is mostly based on "IF-THEN" type conditional response rules based on predefined scenarios, which can meet the current needs of automated transactions and data processing. Future smart contracts should have "WHAT-IF" deductions based on unknown scenarios, computational experiments, and a certain degree of autonomous decision-making functions, thereby achieving a leap from current "automated" contracts to true "smart" contracts. Blockchain-driven parallel society
In recent years, a parallel society based on CPSS (Cyber-Physical-SocialSystems) has emerged. Its core and essential feature is virtual-real interaction and parallel evolution. Blockchain is one of the infrastructures for realizing CPSS parallel society. Its main contribution is to provide a set of effective decentralized data structures, interaction mechanisms and computing models for distributed social systems and distributed artificial intelligence research. And it has laid a solid data foundation and credit foundation for the realization of a parallel society. As far as the basis of data is concerned, management scientist Edward Deming once said: Everyone except God must speak with data. However, in a centralized social system, data is usually in the hands of a "few people" such as governments and large enterprises, and it "speaks" for a few people.Power and even safety may not be guaranteed. Blockchain data is stored in highly redundant distributed nodes and is in the hands of "everyone", enabling true "data democracy". In terms of the basis of credit, centralized social systems will inevitably have the characteristics of "Mertonian systems" due to their high engineering complexity and social complexity, that is, uncertainty, diversity and complexity, which are the center of social systems. Institutions and rule makers may behave dishonestly due to individual interests; blockchain technology helps realize a software-defined social system. Its basic idea is to eliminate centralized institutions and convert unpredictable behaviors into programmed codes of smart contracts. The form is deployed and solidified in the blockchain data in advance, and cannot be forged or tampered with afterwards and is executed automatically. This can, to a certain extent, transform the "Merton" social system into a "Newton" that can be fully observed, actively controlled, and accurately predicted. "Social system. The ACP (Artificial Societies, Computational Experiments and Parallel Execution) method is the only systematic and complete research framework in the field of parallel society management so far. It is the logical extension and logical extension of complexity science in the parallel social environment in the new era. Innovation. The ACP method can be naturally combined with blockchain technology to achieve blockchain-driven parallel social management. First of all, mechanisms such as blockchain's P2P networking, distributed consensus collaboration, and contribution-based economic incentives are themselves natural modeling of distributed social systems, in which each node will act as an independent and autonomous agent in the distributed system. Agent. With the improvement of the blockchain ecosystem, the consensus nodes of the blockchain and increasingly complex and autonomous smart contracts will form DAC and DAO in specific organizational forms by participating in various forms of Dapp, and ultimately form DAS, which is the ACP. artificial society. Secondly, the programmable nature of smart contracts allows the blockchain to carry out various "WHAT-IF" types of virtual experimental design, scenario deduction and result evaluation. Through this computational experiment process, optimal decisions are obtained and executed automatically or semi-automatically. Finally, the smart assets formed by the combination of blockchain and the Internet of Things make it possible to connect the real physical world and virtual cyberspace, and can achieve collaborative optimization of social management and decision-making through virtual-real interaction and parallel tuning of real and artificial social systems. It is not difficult to predict that in the future, when all physical assets in the real physical world are registered as smart assets on the chain, the blockchain-driven parallel society will arrive.

㈤ Current status and future development trends of blockchain

Blockchain has developed to 3.0, and application exploration is the current goal

According to IDC definition, blockchain It refers to a distributed ledger that records information and data. The ledger is stored between multiple participants in the peer-to-peer network. Participants can use cryptographic signatures to add new transactions to the existing transaction chain, forming a secure, continuous, and immutable chained data structure.Structure; from a data perspective, blockchain is a kind of distributed data that cannot be changed.

In 2008, an article titled "Bitcoin—A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" marked the birth of Bitcoin and the beginning of the global blockchain industry. Since its development, the blockchain has developed from 1.0 to 3.0, from the characteristics of digital currency to the application exploration stage.

The above data comes from the "China Blockchain Industry" by Qianzhan Industry Research Institute "In-depth Analysis Report on Business Model Innovation and Investment Opportunities". At the same time, the Qianzhan Industry Research Institute also provides solutions such as industrial big data, industrial planning, industrial declaration, industrial park planning, and industrial investment promotion.

㈥ How to systematically learn blockchain technology

When you first learn blockchain-related knowledge by yourself, you can use the "bottom-up" method, that is, by reading books, Read white papers and other methods, check the information yourself, and then summarize and connect this knowledge yourself to integrate it into a relatively complete knowledge system.

1. Study White Paper

Before going to college, I read many books about "The Analects", all about how to read the Analects and how to understand the interpretation of the Analects. Until one day I discovered that I, who loved "The Analects of Confucius" so much, had never had the patience to read the original version of "The Analects of Confucius" seriously.

So, I went to the bookstore and bought back a copy of "The Analects of Confucius" and read it carefully from beginning to end. I found that there were actually too many details and insights in it that could not be conveyed through any interpretation. . But I actually spent a lot of time and read a lot of interpretations before. I was really trying to ignore the essentials and focus on the essentials.

It’s the same in every field. When you don't understand it, you will have an inexplicable fear of it, thinking that it is high and unattainable. In order to quickly enter these fields, you will look for many so-called "interpretations" and inquire about many "news" around them.

2. Technical perspective

Basic stage:

1. "Blockchain Development Guide" - Author Shentu Qingchun:

Author The research on the underlying layers of redundant Bitcoin can be said to be very in-depth, and the explanations are also very easy to understand.

2. "Blockchain Technology Guide" - Author Zou Jun:

As the first domestic book to explain blockchain from a technical perspective, it is worth reading. It was published in 2016 The reviews have always been good.

3. "Blockchain Principles, Design and Applications" - Author Yang Baohua and Chen Chang:

Senior Chen Chang, as the CTO of Zhigui, remembers that the previous MoChain was based on Hyperledger Fabric , so this book provides a thorough explanation of Hyperledger-related open source products.

3. "Blockchain World"

This book is divided into two parts. Passed the previous articleThe detailed information comprehensively reviews the birth, growth and gradual development of the blockchain since 2008, and introduces in detail the originality of the blockchain technology, the scientific nature of the mechanism, and the artistry of the logic. Through finance, anti-counterfeiting, and medical More than ten industry scenarios will be used to introduce the application characteristics of blockchain. The next article combines the spirit of the G20 Summit and the latest policies such as the “13th Five-Year Plan” to explore the combination of blockchain and digital economy, as well as the author’s views and suggestions on industry development trends.

㈦ Chongqing Jinwowo: What is the way to promote the research of core blockchain technology?

Chongqing Jinwowo: Promote research on core basic technologies of blockchain and promote blockchain Implement blockchain applications, build a trusted blockchain standard system, and help the healthy and orderly development of my country's blockchain industry.
At the same time, we will also actively carry out international cooperation to enhance my country’s international influence in blockchain companies and industries.

Characteristics of blockchain

1. Decentralization.
Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management agencies or hardware facilities, and has no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, through distributed accounting and storage, each node realizes information self-verification, transmission and manage.
2. Openness.
The foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the encryption of private information of all parties to the transaction, the blockchain data is open to everyone. Anyone can query blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface. , so the entire system information is highly transparent.
3. Independence.
Based on consensus specifications and protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as the hash algorithm used by Bitcoin), the entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties, and all nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system. , without any human intervention.
4. Safety.
As long as you cannot control 51% of all data nodes, you cannot manipulate and modify network data at will. This makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes.
5. Anonymity.
Unless there are legal requirements, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transfer can be done anonymously.
Extended information:
1. What is blockchain? One sentence summary.
Answer: Blockchain is an encrypted database chain, that is, transaction data in multiple timestamps/events are encrypted and associated together. The data cannot be tampered with and can be shared.
2. Performance and logic:
a. External operation manifestations: bank deposits, withdrawals, remittances, entries and exits, shopping, etc.
b. Internal logic processing (software program): After manual operation, the data will be encrypted and then stored in the database. The data will be divided into areas through the program, such as classifying the data that occurred within the event and timestamp and putting them together. data for a region. The association of data occurring within multiple events and timestamps is the blockchain. The encrypted data can be shared but cannot be tampered with.
c. Shared expression: queryPersonal information, accounting, etc. Query permissions/sharing permissions: Different permissions query different data. For example, a bank can check everyone's information, but an individual can only check personal information.
3. Most of the examples given are different, but the logical processing ideas are the same, but the implementation methods and operations are different.
4. Blockchain: It has the characteristics of encrypted data, non-tamperable data and shared data.
5. Blockchain technology: a technology that uses editing programs to encrypt, partition, and share data.

Open, consensus, anyone can participate in the blockchain network, each device can be used as a node, each node is allowed to obtain a complete copy of the database, and the nodes are based on a set of Consensus mechanism jointly maintains the entire blockchain through competitive calculations.
Decentralized and trustless mechanism, the blockchain consists of many nodes forming a point-to-point network. There is no centralized equipment and management organization. Data interaction between nodes is verified through digital signature technology, and no trust is required. , you only need to follow the set rules, and there is no problem of deception and distrust between nodes.
Transactions are transparent and both parties are anonymous. The operating rules of the blockchain are open and transparent. All data information is also public. Each transaction is publicly visible to all nodes. Since nodes are trustless, nodes There is no need to reveal your identity, and every participating node is anonymous.
Untamperable and traceable, modifications to the database by a single node or even multiple nodes cannot affect the databases of other nodes. Every transaction in the blockchain is cryptographically linked to two adjacent blocks. Concatenated, so all records of each transaction can be traced.

㈨ What are the application prospects of blockchain technology?

Blockchain classification:

1 Private chain

It means that there is a certain Centralized control of the blockchain. Just using the general ledger technology of the blockchain for accounting, it can be a company or an individual, with exclusive write permission to the blockchain. This chain is not much different from other distributed storage solutions. The only participating nodes are the users themselves, and data access and use are subject to strict permission management. Since the alliance chain has certain centralized control, it can also be considered to belong to the category of private chain.

Features: Since the user has the final say, the data inside has no characteristics that cannot be changed, and there is not much protection for third parties. Generally used for internal audit. The vice president of technology at Huobi Network believes that private chains do have a large number of scenarios that can meet the needs of the real world. Limited decentralization makes it easier to reach consensus, can make transactions faster and more efficient, and can provide more controlled function. Decentralization is the core value of blockchain technology. If the private chain cannot fully utilize the decentralized trust foundation constructed by the public chain in practice, its development space will be limited.

2 Public Chain

Public blockchain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain at present. refers to areas like BitcoinBlockchain is a completely decentralized blockchain that is not controlled by any organization. Any individual or group in the world can send transactions, and the transactions can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in its consensus process. Participants in the consensus process maintain the security of the database through cryptography and built-in economic incentives.

Features: Completely open, uncontrolled, relying on encryption technology to ensure security.

3 Alliance Chain

A certain group designates multiple pre-selected nodes as bookkeepers. The generation of each block is jointly decided by all pre-selected nodes. Other access nodes You can participate in transactions, but you are not involved in the accounting process (it is essentially still managed accounting, but it becomes distributed accounting. How many pre-selected nodes and how to decide the accountant of each block becomes the main risk point of the blockchain) , anyone else can make limited queries through the blockchain’s open API.

The nodes participating in the blockchain are selected in advance, and there are likely to be good network connections between the nodes. Other consensus algorithms other than proof of work can be used on such a blockchain. For example, a certain blockchain has been established among 100 financial institutions, and it is stipulated that more than 67 institutions must agree to reach a consensus.

Prospects:

The development of blockchain technology has also brought about changes in the operational concepts of various industries. New technologies and new concepts have promoted new developments in various industries. This kind of The impact of the driving force on society and the promotion of economic activities are also huge. Many new industry phenomena will occur one after another, and the public is also waiting and watching, expecting this brand-new technology to be used by various industries and better benefit all industries.

㈩ How to understand the definition of blockchain technology

Chongqing Jinwowo analyzed the definition of blockchain technology as follows:
1. Blockchain is a place where Distributed databases (systems) in non-secure environments.
2. Blockchain uses cryptography to ensure that existing data cannot be tampered with.
3. The blockchain uses a consensus algorithm to reach consensus on new data.
A system with the above three properties is the blockchain.