2017最新区块链技术案例,2017最新区块链技术发展趋势

2017年，区块链技术的发展迅速，技术案例层出不穷，以下是三个新兴的关键词：区块链智能合约、区块链数字货币和区块链网络安全。

区块链智能合约是基于区块链技术的一种分布式智能合约，它可以帮助不同的参与者在区块链上达成共识，实现自动执行的协议。智能合约可以实现自动化的财务处理，资源共享，数据交换和智能分配，以及更多的功能。它可以帮助参与者更安全地进行交易，更有效地管理数据，更加可靠地执行合同，并且可以有效地提高业务流程的效率。

区块链数字货币是一种新型的数字货币，它是基于区块链技术的一种分布式数字货币，它可以用来进行数字货币交易。区块链数字货币的优势在于它可以降低交易成本，提高交易的安全性和透明度，以及提高货币流通的效率。它可以替代传统的货币，改善传统金融系统的缺陷，并且可以为用户提供更便捷的支付服务。

区块链网络安全是指在区块链技术中保护网络安全的技术。它可以帮助用户防止网络攻击，保护网络数据安全，并且可以改善传统网络安全技术的缺陷。区块链网络安全的核心技术是加密技术，它可以加密数据，保护数据安全，并且可以有效地防止数据被篡改。此外，区块链网络安全还可以改善网络认证，防止恶意篡改，降低网络安全风险，并且可以更有效地管理网络资源。

2017年，区块链技术的发展迅速，技术案例层出不穷，上述三个关键词是新兴的区块链技术，它们可以为用户提供更安全、更有效的服务。未来，区块链技术将继续发展，并且将为用户提供更多的便利。

A. What are the core blockchain technologies of blockchain technology?

What is the hottest topic on the Internet right now? You don’t need to tell me what the editor is saying. It is blockchain technology, but many friends have only heard of this technology and do not have much in-depth understanding of it. So what are the blockchain technologies? Below we will bring you an introduction to the core technology of blockchain for your reference.
What are the core elements of blockchain technology?
Blockchain technology can be a public ledger (visible by anyone) or a permissioned network (visible only by those authorized), which solves supply chain challenges , because it is an immutable record that is shared among network participants and updated in real time.
Blockchain technology----data layer: designing the data structure of the ledger
Core technology 1. Block + chain:
Technically speaking, block is a data structure that records transactions. Reflects the flow of funds for a transaction. The blocks of transactions that have been reached in the system are connected together to form a main chain, and all nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain.
Each block consists of a block header and a block body. The block body is only responsible for recording all transaction information in the previous period, mainly including the number of transactions and transaction details; the block header encapsulates the current version number, previous A block address, timestamp (recording the time when the block was generated, accurate to the second), random number (recording the value of decrypting the answer to the math question related to the block), the target hash value of the current block, and the Merkle number Root value and other information. From a structural point of view, most functions of the blockchain are implemented by the block header.
Core technology 2. Hash function:
The hash function can convert data of any length into a set of fixed-length codes through the Hash algorithm. The principle is based on a cryptographic one-way hash function. This kind of function is easy to verify, but difficult to crack. Usually, the industry uses y=hash(x) to represent it. This hash function implements operations on x to calculate a hash value y.
Commonly used hash algorithms include MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384 and SHA-512, etc. Taking the SHA256 algorithm as an example, inputting any string of data into SHA256 will result in a 256-bit Hash value (hash value). Its characteristics: the same data input will get the same result. As long as the input data changes slightly (for example, a 1 becomes a 0), a completely different result will be obtained, and the result cannot be predicted in advance. Forward calculation (calculating the corresponding Hash value from the data) is very easy. Reverse calculation (cracking) is extremely difficult and is considered impossible under current technological conditions.
Core technology 3. Merkle tree:
Merkle tree is a hash binary tree, which can be used to quickly verify the integrity of large-scale data. In the blockchain network, the Merkle tree is used to summarize all transaction information in a block, and finally generateIt becomes a unified hash value of all transaction information in this block. Any change in transaction information in the block will cause the Merkle tree to change.
Core technology 4. Asymmetric encryption algorithm:
Asymmetric encryption algorithm is a key secret method that requires two keys: public key and private key. The public key and the private key are a pair. If the public key is used to encrypt data, only the corresponding private key can be used to decrypt it, thereby obtaining the corresponding data value; if the private key is used to sign the data, then only the corresponding public key can be used to sign the data. In order to verify the signature, the sender of the verification information is the holder of the private key.
Because encryption and decryption use two different keys, this algorithm is called an asymmetric encryption algorithm, while symmetric encryption uses the same key in the encryption and decryption processes.
Blockchain technology----network layer: realize the decentralization of accounting nodes
Core technology 5. P2P network:
P2P network (peer-to-peer network), also known as point-to-point technology, is no Central server, Internet system that relies on user groups to exchange information. Unlike a centralized network system with a central server, each client in a peer-to-peer network acts as both a node and a server. Domestic Xunlei software uses P2P technology. The P2P network has the characteristics of decentralization and robustness.
Blockchain technology----Consensus layer: allocate the task load of accounting nodes
Core technology 6. Consensus mechanism:
Consensus mechanism is how to reach consensus among all accounting nodes to identify The validity of a record is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. There are currently four main types of consensus mechanisms: PoW, PoS, DPoS and distributed consensus algorithms.
PoW (Proof of Work, proof of work): PoW mechanism, which is like Bitcoin’s mining mechanism, miners package existing transactions that have not been recorded by the network into a block, and then continue to traverse and try to find a random number , so that the hash value of the new block plus the random number meets certain difficulty conditions. Finding a random number that meets the conditions is equivalent to determining the latest block of the blockchain, and is also equivalent to obtaining the current round of accounting rights of the blockchain. Miners broadcast blocks that meet the mining difficulty conditions in the Yuanfu network. After verifying that the block meets the mining difficulty conditions and that the transaction data in the block meets the protocol specifications, other nodes in the entire network will each Blocks are linked to their own version of the blockchain, thereby forming a network-wide consensus on the current network state.
PoS (ProofofStake, Proof of Stake): PoS mechanism requires nodes to provide proof of a certain number of tokens to obtain a distributed consensus mechanism for competing for blockchain accounting rights. If you rely solely on the token balance to determine the bookkeeper, you will inevitably make the rich win, which will lead to the centralization of bookkeeping rights and reduce the fairness of the consensus. Therefore, different PoS mechanisms use different methods to increase the amount of money based on the proof of equity. The randomness of accounting rights avoids centralization. For example, Peercoin (PeerCoin) PoS mechanism, the Bitcoin with the longest chain age has a greater chance of obtaining accounting rights. NXT and Blackcoin use a formula to predict the next accounting node. The more tokens you own, the greater the probability of being selected as an accounting node. In the future, Ethereum will also switch from the current PoW mechanism to a PoS mechanism. Judging from the information currently available, Ethereum's PoS mechanism will use nodes to place bets on the next block. The winner of the bet will receive an additional Ethereum currency award. Those who do not win will be deducted Ether coins to reach consensus on the next block.
DPoS (DelegatedProof-Of-Stake, share authorization certificate): DPoS is easy to understand and is similar to the modern corporate board of directors system. The DPoS mechanism adopted by BitShares is that shareholders vote to select a certain number of witnesses. Each witness has two seconds of authority to generate blocks in order. If the witness cannot generate a block within the given time slice, The block generation authority is given to the witness corresponding to the next time slice. Shareholders can replace these witnesses at any time by voting. This design of DPoS makes the generation of blocks faster and more energy-saving.
Distributed Consistency Algorithm: Distributed Consistency Algorithm is based on traditional distributed consistency technology. Among them are Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithms that solve the Byzantine Generals problem, such as PBFT (Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm). In addition, distributed consensus algorithms (Pasox, Raft) that solve non-Byzantine problems are not explained in this article. This type of algorithm is currently a commonly used consensus mechanism in alliance chain and private chain scenarios.
Taken together, POW is suitable for public chains. If you build a private chain, it is more suitable to use POS because there is no trust problem in verification nodes; and because there are untrustworthy local nodes in the alliance chain, it is more suitable to use DPOS.
Blockchain technology----Incentive layer: Develop a "salary system" for accounting nodes
Core technology 7. Issuance mechanism and incentive mechanism:
Take Bitcoin as an example. Bitcoins are initially rewarded by the system to miners who create new blocks, and this reward is halved approximately every four years. At the beginning, miners were rewarded with 50 Bitcoins for each new block recorded, and this reward is halved approximately every four years. By analogy, by around AD 2140, newly created blocks will no longer receive rewards from the system. By then, the total number of Bitcoins will be approximately 21 million. This is the total number of Bitcoins, so it will not increase indefinitely.
Another source of incentives is transaction fees. When there are no system rewards for newly created blocks, the miners' income will change from system rewards to transaction fees. For example, when you transfer, you can specify 1% of it as a handling fee to be paid to the miner who records the block. If the output value of a transaction is less than the input value, the difference is the transaction fee, which will be added to the incentive for that block. As long as a given amount of electronic currency has entered circulation, the incentive mechanism can gradually be converted to rely entirely on transaction fees, so there is no need to issue new currency.
Blockchain technology----jointContract layer: giving the ledger programmable features
Core technology 8. Smart contract:
Smart contract is a set of scenario-responsive programmed rules and logic, which is decentralized and deployed on the blockchain. Trusted shared script code is implemented. Normally, after the smart contract is signed by all parties, it is attached to the blockchain data in the form of program code, and is recorded in a specific block of the blockchain after being propagated through the P2P network and verified by nodes. Smart contracts encapsulate a number of predefined states and transition rules, scenarios that trigger contract execution, response actions under specific scenarios, etc. The blockchain can monitor the status of smart contracts in real time, and activate and execute the contract by checking external data sources and confirming that specific trigger conditions are met.
The above is what blockchain technologies the editor has brought to you? All content introduced to the core technology of blockchain.

B. BMEX: The beginning of the long-term prosperity of the blockchain industry has arrived. What is blockchain technology?

1. The concept of blockchain technology

Blockchain technology is a new technology that has gradually emerged with the rise of encrypted digital currencies. It adopts a distributed computing model and uses blockchain to store data. It uses cryptographic principles to ensure the security of transmission and access. Data is stored by the Internet. It is jointly maintained and supervised by users, and has significant characteristics such as decentralization, transparency and openness, and data cannot be modified [2]. It uses distributed storage and computing power to make the rights and obligations of the entire network nodes the same. The data in the system is essentially the entire network node Through joint maintenance, the blockchain no longer relies on central processing nodes to realize distributed storage, recording and updating of data. Therefore, its application is not limited to currency as an asset type. Currently, application research in various industries is relatively extensive.

C. What is blockchain technology and what aspects may it be used for in the future?

The development of technology is often beyond your imagination, from the agricultural revolution to the industrial revolution to the information revolution. As of now, the blockchain revolution has started. Reaching the height of the cognitive revolution should be considered a relatively big proposition. Why did the previous emergence of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, etc. not mention the cognitive revolution, but blockchain can?

How to quickly enter the blockchain industry?

1. Find the top experts in this industry and learn or communicate with them, such as Li Xiaolai, such as Uncle Cai

2. You can buy some books. News books are not as mixed as Taobao. There are only a few classics, pick a few and read them through

3. You can search for more related articles, public accounts, Zhihu or other, which have a lot of information. You can find yourself after reading 30 high-quality articles. Article, you are basically getting started.

WeChat public account: Workplace Cheese Pie, tell you about things in the workplace

D. How to understand the definition of blockchain technology

Chongqing Jinwowo analyzes the definition of blockchain technology as follows:
1. Blockchain is a distributed database (system) placed in a non-safe environment).
2. Blockchain uses cryptography to ensure that existing data cannot be tampered with.
3. The blockchain uses a consensus algorithm to reach consensus on new data.
A system with the above three properties is the blockchain.

E. Why 2017 is the most critical year for blockchain

The following are the reasons why 2017 will be the most critical year for blockchain:

Bitcoin’s Enduring Value

Bitcoin, the original tool for blockchain, ended 2016 on a high note, which is a good sign.

Shortly after the new year, "Fortune" reported,

"After experiencing a boom in 2016, the price of Bitcoin has reached $1,000, rising since the beginning of this year. up 120% until recently reaching a three-year high. Reasons including the depreciation of the yuan, the risk of China’s currency controls, and geopolitical instability have all been cited as key factors in the cryptocurrency’s success. Bitcoin’s iconic one Another reason for the year is its retention power - the longer it is, the more familiar it will be, and it will become more like a true store of value."

Whether it's fair or not, blockchain technology The feasibility of Bitcoin is always inseparable from the performance of Bitcoin. If decentralized databases can be successful in finance, they could be used more widely elsewhere. As is customary, the healthy growth of digital currencies has sparked discussions about how to integrate blockchain into new areas. With a healthy Bitcoin, blockchain can expand rapidly in other areas.

Existing Participants

Of course, this has been around for a while, as the blockchain has been firmly tied to Bitcoin . Over the years, many groups have invested heavily in making the technology more widely available, adding new features and creating new applications. If 2017 is to be a great year for blockchain, these existing players must be ready to grow with it.

A sign of this trend is that before the end of 2016, the Hyperledger project added 8 new members. Software company CA technologies, blockchain project Factcom Foundation, healthcare alliance Hashed Health, South Korea's Koscom, accounting firm LedgerDomain, trading ecosystem developer Lykee, Sovrin Foundation and telecommunications company Swisscom have all joined the project's top 100 list.

The Hyperledger project enters 2017 with an impressive roster of members and plans to introduce blockchain feasibility case studies in real use cases.

New Investments

In a sign of the progress the technology will make this year, companies around the world are laying the groundwork to take advantage of blockchain's status. according toBloomberg Technology reported that global companies applied for or accepted 356 blockchain or digital currency-related patent applications in November last year, almost double the number in the first month of 2016.

Marc Kaufman, fintech intellectual property expert at Reed Smith, told Bloomberg:

“We are witnessing an exponential increase in the number of patent applications and we expect that in the next five years we will Seeing thousands of blockchain patents.”

Companies are filing patents at such a rapid pace because blockchain is finally moving from utopia to digital ledger tool, and the number of patents is increasing exponentially With the new discoveries of blockchain, blockchain will enjoy wider legitimacy in 2017.

Only time will tell the development trend of blockchain in 2017, and vice versa, but it is obvious that the status of blockchain technology is visible to everyone, and it also proves that early investors have expectations of its potential, and that new potential may be developed in the future.

Blockchain has also become the darling of the financial community in China and has become a hot topic. All major domestic financial institutions have tested blockchain projects. China Post and IBM collaborated to develop a blockchain asset custody system; Puyin Group launched the tea-based digital currency Puyin.

F. What is the development trend of blockchain and the future development trend of blockchain

The development prospects of the blockchain industry driven by both policy and market are broad
Both policy and market Driven by various layers, China's blockchain-related industries are expected to move from reality to reality
In the context of the rapid development of blockchain, China has complied with the needs of globalization, kept pace with international pace, and actively promoted research in domestic blockchain-related fields. Standardization formulation and industrialization development. Compared with the background of increasingly strict supervision of digital currencies such as Bitcoin, support and encouragement for blockchain technology has reached a global consensus, and domestic blockchain technology will also receive national and local policies in the next few years. support. Driven by the dual layers of policy and market, blockchain-related industries are expected to move from reality to reality, and blockchain technology will accelerate the exploration of possible application scenarios.
Forecast of global blockchain market size
According to the "In-depth Analysis Report on Business Model Innovation and Investment Opportunities in the Blockchain Industry" released by the Qianzhan Industry Research Institute, the global blockchain market size is expected to increase from 2017 to 2017. It will increase from US$411.5 million in 2022 to US$7.6837 billion in 2022, equivalent to a compound annual growth rate of 79.6%. Given the wide range of applications for distributed ledgers and the rising market value of cryptocurrencies, there is a strong need to improve transparency, security, efficiency and streamline processes, as well as blockchain as a service (
BaaS). As a hot topic of development, the blockchain market will expand rapidly. In addition, communication services, international trade, supply chain management, program platforms, payments, smart contracts, digital identity verification, etc. also urgently need blockchain technology., will create a lot of growth opportunities.
Blockchain, as an integrated application of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other technologies, has become a hot topic of research and discussion by international organizations such as the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund as well as governments of many countries in recent years. The industry has also increased investment. At present, the application of blockchain has extended to many fields such as the Internet of Things, intelligent manufacturing, supply chain management, and digital asset transactions, and will bring new opportunities to the development of new generation information technologies such as cloud computing, big data, and mobile Internet. , has the ability to trigger a new round of technological innovation and industrial change.
By 2022, the payment sector may occupy the largest share of the blockchain market
Relying on blockchain technology, instant payment of assets can be realized, which not only has the characteristics of non-tampering and digital identity verification, but also can provide Financial institutions and banks significantly save settlement costs. In addition, blockchain makes it possible to automate payments, eliminating the need for middlemen, saving labor costs and time for buyers and sellers. Thanks to the many advantages mentioned above, it is expected that the payment sector will be the most important segment in the entire blockchain market.
The fastest growing region will be the Asia-Pacific
Blockchain service providers in the Asia-Pacific region are good at designing and developing user-friendly, cost-saving and fast cryptocurrency platforms, extending the blockchain to multiple Industry application tentacles. Both large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises are actively seeking venture financing and investing in the research and development of cutting-edge blockchain technology. In addition, the real estate industry in some countries in the Asia-Pacific region is expected to rapidly transform from semi-transparent to fully transparent, which will also help enhance the development prospects of blockchain in the Asia-Pacific region.