区块链不是新技术而且多种已有技术的组合体系,区块链不是新技术而且多种已有技术的组合方式

区块链，作为一种新兴技术，在近几年得到了快速发展，它不仅仅是一种新技术，而且是多种已有技术的组合体系。本文将介绍三种与区块链相关的技术：加密算法、分布式账本和智能合约。

加密算法是区块链技术的基础，它是一种将信息编码成不可读的形式，以便于保护信息的安全性。加密算法可以有效地保护用户的隐私，防止用户的信息被窃取，保护用户的财产安全。加密算法的应用范围也很广，可以用于数据传输、数据存储、数据安全等。

分布式账本是区块链技术的核心，它是一种去中心化的账本系统，可以记录所有交易的历史记录。它可以有效地防止数据被篡改，确保交易的正确性和安全性。分布式账本的优势在于，它不受任何中心机构的控制，可以让用户更加安全地进行交易，而且能够让用户更加快速地完成交易。

智能合约是区块链技术的重要组成部分，它是一种基于分布式账本技术的自动执行的协议，可以自动完成许多复杂的合同流程。智能合约可以让用户更加安全地进行交易，而且可以有效地减少交易的时间和成本。智能合约的应用范围也很广，可以用于金融、法律、医疗等领域。

以上就是关于区块链不是新技术而且多种已有技术的组合体系的介绍，其中包括加密算法、分布式账本和智能合约，这些技术的结合，使得区块链技术得以发展，并且可以为用户提供更安全、更便捷的交易服务。

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① How to view blockchain technology correctly

From a technical perspective, blockchain is likely to be a major technological revolution after the Internet. Currently, major corporate giants around the world are working hard on the research and application of blockchain technology. SAP opened a pilot version of the blockchain project in May last year. Banks in Japan and South Korea have just begun testing blockchain technology. Tencent has registered the trademarks "Ether Lock" and "Tencent Ether Lock". In April 2017, Tencent released the "Blockchain Solution White Paper" and announced that Tencent's blockchain industry solutions with independent intellectual property rights were officially released on the official website. The network launched the blockchain open platform "BaaS", which is a project based on blockchain technology independently developed by the network. It mainly helps enterprise alliances build their own blockchain network platforms.

Xu Weihong, chief economist of AVIC Securities, believes that the concept of blockchain has been proposed for a long time. This round of being touted by speculators in the A-share secondary market originated from Bitcoin. Hype on a global scale. Participants do not care about the technical value of the blockchain, but they care about how much profit and water they can get from the existing "seigniorage" by creating digital currency through the blockchain. Some institutional investors even hope to use their professional judgment and ability to control market sentiment to "cut leeks" from the large amount of blind influx of social funds. In view of the recent rise of the blockchain concept, all parties concerned must remain sober. Financial exchanges and intermediaries must stay awake and reduce unnecessary advertising to mislead small and medium-sized investors, and ordinary people must also stay awake.

② What is blockchain technology? What impact may blockchain technology have on our lives?

Blockchain technology has not yet had a major impact on our lives, but in the future The impact is estimated to be huge

③ Do you know what the essence of blockchain is and what is the principle of Bitcoin

Blockchain has been developed to this day for some time. Over a period of time, people’s understanding of blockchain has experienced rapid changes.

The essence of blockchain is technology

Since we talk about the essence, what is the essence? The essence should be traced back continuously until it can no longer be traced back. Only then can what is obtained be called the essence. The essence of blockchain is a technology. Going back to the original starting point of the blockchain, when Bitcoin was first born, the problem it had to solve was the Byzantine Generals Problem. From a professional perspective, it was to solve the problem of how to achieve consistency in a distributed environment. . Blockchain technology is a combination of multiple technologies. It is naturally suitable for multi-party cooperation and can provide a trusted environment for multi-party cooperation.

Application of the non-tamperable characteristics of blockchain

Bitcoin’s technical principle P2P network

Bitcoin is a P2P computer Network, each network node stores all transaction records on the network. Generally speaking, any information can be recorded on one node plus several backups. Store the network information on each nodeAll transaction records, this results in the transaction records being visible to each node, and each node cannot independently modify the transaction records arbitrarily, thus forming a set of open and transparent transaction records.

④ What is the essence of blockchain

Blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed database, which is a distributed data storage, multi-center point-to-point transmission, Innovative application models of consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms and other technologies in the Internet era.
In layman’s terms, the blockchain can be compared to a “ledger”. The traditional ledger is "centralized accounting" by one party. This new "accounting book" can be participated and shared by multiple parties on the Internet. Each participant can "accounting" and back up, and each backup is a "block". Each "block" is linearly connected to the next "block" in chronological order, and its structural characteristics make the record impossible to be tampered with and forged.
For example, if you are the one doing the accounting at home, and your parents give you a salary and let you record it in the account book, then because you are the only one keeping the accounting, you secretly spend more than ten yuan. Maybe they won't know, but now it's your parents who keep the accounts together with you. Then, whether it's your father who wants to buy cigarettes secretly or you who want pocket money, every move will be clearly recorded in the account book.

⑤ Blockchain technology concept

Blockchain technology concept

Blockchain technology concept, nowadays, blockchain has become the concern of most people In the field of blockchain, many companies have already studied this technology in depth, but there are still people who don’t know much about it. Below I will share an article about the concept of blockchain technology.

Blockchain technology concept 1

Basic concepts and working principles of blockchain

1. Basic concepts

Blockchain is a distributed data storage, point-to-point New application models of computer technologies such as transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. The blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information, prevent counterfeiting, and generate the next block.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. security, leveraging intelligence consisting of automated script codeA new distributed infrastructure and computing method that can use contracts to program and operate data.

2. Working principle

The blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and basic algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the core of the blockchain The basis of programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.

Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it proposes four technological innovations to address this issue:

1. Distributed The ledger means that transaction accounting is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they can all participate in supervising the legality of the transaction and can also jointly testify for it.

Different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of blockchain distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. For data, traditional distributed storage generally divides the data into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure storage consistency, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node. [8]

No node can record ledger data independently, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to record false accounts. Also because there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically speaking, the accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thereby ensuring the security of the accounting data.

2. Asymmetric encryption and authorization technology. Transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization from the data owner. , thus ensuring data security and personal privacy.

3. The consensus mechanism is how all accounting nodes reach a consensus to determine the validity of a record. This is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and strike a balance between efficiency and security.

The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal", among which ""Minority obeys the majority" does not entirely refer to the number of nodes, but can also be computing power, the number of shares, or other characteristics that computers can compare. "Everyone is equal" means that when nodes meet the conditions, all nodes have the right to give priority to consensus The result is directly recognized by other nodes and may eventually become the final consensus result. Taking Bitcoin as an example, it uses proof of work. This is only possible if more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the entire network are controlled. Forge a non-existent record. When there are enough nodes joining the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.

4. Smart contracts, smart contracts are based on these Trusted and non-tamperable data can automatically execute some predefined rules and terms. Taking insurance as an example, if everyone's information, including medical information and risk occurrence information, is true and trustworthy, then It is easy to automate claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.

3. Others

The Internet exchanges information, and blockchain What is being exchanged is value. Human history and the history of the Internet can be understood in eight words: if they are divided for a long time, they will be combined. For a long time, they will be combined. In the era of long-term separation, all network information is scattered on the Internet. It is not easy for everyone to mine information. At this time, there will be companies like Google and Platforms such as Facebook, the only thing they do is reorganize all our information. In the Internet era, what the monopoly giants reorganize is information, not to generate their own information. The information generated is entirely our own. Once the information Reorganization will result in the emergence of a new monopoly giant, so it is an era of long-lasting divisions that must be combined. Now, due to the emergence of blockchain technology, it has entered an era of long-lasting unions that must be divided. It is a new multi-centralization, and new multi-centralization will be empowered. New value, these data will be in our own hands. The value generated by personal data belongs to ourselves. This is the most exciting era of this era.

What are the values ​​of blockchain? Low Cost-effective mechanism to establish trust, establish digital rights, and resolve data property rights.

Currently, blockchain technology continues to develop, including the current development of single chains to multi-chains, and the technology can be further expanded. I think There may still be many disruptive scenarios in the future, especially in transactions and other aspects, especially for existing industries.

The essence of blockchain is to establish trustworthy networks on untrustworthy networks. Information exchange of trust.

One Belt, One Road + One Chain. The bigger thing about blockchain is not to create trust, but to allow trust to be transmitted losslessly, reducing the friction cost of society as a whole, thereby improving the overall efficiency.< /p>

Now the blockchain itself is still in its initial stage, so it includes the information transmission and encryption of the blockchain. In this process, quantum encryption and other encryption appear, which actually attacks the encryption algorithm used by the blockchain itself. It happens from time to time. Including blockchain is also recognized as an asset, a recognition of digital assets, but now we are veryMost of them use cryptographic algorithms, or serve as the key for us to decrypt. However, if the password is forgotten, it is likely that your current assets will be lost, and you will not be able to obtain your original assets. Therefore, in asset management, including information It should be said that there are still some hidden dangers in terms of delivery and security. Of course, from a technical perspective, the processing speed of our blockchain itself, or its scalability, is because from the perspective of the working mechanism, the entire ledger must be copied to all participants, so in the blockchain Its operational efficiency and scalability are still relatively limited. We feel that these still need further development in terms of technology.

The underlying technologies of the blockchain platform also form blockchain wallets, blockchain browsers, node elections, mining machines, mining pools, development components, development modules, technical communities and project communities. and a series of ecosystems. The perfection of these ecosystems directly determines the efficiency and effectiveness of the underlying platform of the blockchain.

4. Mundell’s Impossible Triangle

It is impossible to achieve the ultimate in decentralization, efficiency, and security at the same time.

Blockchain technology concept 2

The essence of blockchain is a distributed accounting technology, as opposed to centralized accounting technology, which is widely used in our current lives. exist. Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity and anti-counterfeiting of the information and generate the next block.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data securely.

The popular understanding of blockchain technology is: connecting the front, back, left, and right blocks of "things" into a chain using one technology, but each block The original data of the block cannot be tampered with. It is a "linked module" technology in the field of Internet of Things that allows participants to trust. The application of blockchain technology is inseparable from the Internet and the Internet of Things. It is based on the integration and interaction of the two, but allows participants to remain independent and decentralized.ization, and jointly own this set of value chain co-construction and sharing technologies.

Characteristics of blockchain: decentralization, openness, autonomy, information cannot be tampered with, and anonymity.

Blockchain is a network that can deliver value. The demand for a network that can deliver value is an important reason for the emergence of blockchain technology. Blockchain emerged driven by the need to protect information with ownership or other value. Through public and private key cryptography, distributed storage and other technical means, blockchain ensures on the one hand the efficient transmission of valuable information, and on the other hand ensures that this information will not be easily copied and tampered with during the transmission process.

Understand the connotation of blockchain from the inevitability of its birth. Blockchain is a distributed accounting technology that solves the shortcomings of centralized accounting and solves the problem of distributed consistency. It is also a The connected Internet is upgraded to a value network that ensures the safe and efficient transmission of valuable information.

Blockchain Technology Concept 3

Blockchain: Blockchain is like a globally unique account book, or database, which records the history of all transactions in the network.

Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM): It allows you to write more powerful programs on Ethereum and script programs on Bitcoin. It is also sometimes used to refer to the Ethereum blockchain, which is responsible for executing smart contracts and everything.

Node: You can run a node to read and write to the Ethereum blockchain, that is, using the Ethereum Virtual Machine. Full nodes require downloading the entire blockchain. Light nodes are still under development.

Miner: Mining, that is, the node that processes blocks on the blockchain. You can see some of the currently active Ethereum miners on this page: stats.ethdev.com.

Proof of Work: Miners are always competing to solve some mathematical problem. The first one to solve the problem (calculate the next block) will be rewarded with Ether coins. All nodes then update their own blockchain. All miners who want to figure out the next block have an incentive to stay in sync with other nodes and maintain the same blockchain, so the entire network can always reach consensus. (Note: Ethereum is planning to move to a proof-of-stake system (POS) without miners, but that is outside the scope of this article.)

Ethereum: Abbreviation ETH. A true digital currency that you can buy and use. Here is a chart from one of the exchanges where Ethereum can be traded. At the time of writing, 1 Ether is worth 65 cents.

Gas: Executing programs and saving data on Ethereum consumes a certain amount of Ethereum. Gas is converted from Ethereum. This mechanism is used to ensure efficiency.

DApp: The Ethereum community calls applications based on smart contracts decentralized applications (Decentralized App). The goal of a DApp is (or should be) to have your smart contract have aFriendly interface, plus some extras like IPFS (a decentralized network that can store and read data, not from the Ethereum team but in a similar spirit). DApp can run on a centralized server that can interact with Ethereum nodes, or it can run on any Ethereum equal node. (Take a minute to think about this: Unlike ordinary websites, DApps cannot run on ordinary servers. They need to submit transactions to the blockchain and read important data from the blockchain rather than a centralized database. Compared to typical users When logging into the system, the user may be represented as a wallet address and other user data is stored locally. Many things will be structured differently from current web applications.)

Ethereum client, smart contract language

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Writing and deploying smart contracts does not require you to run an Ethereum node. Browser-based IDEs and APIs are listed below. But if you are just learning, you should still run an Ethereum node to understand the basic components, and running a node is not difficult.

Clients available for running Ethereum nodes

Ethereum has many client implementations in different languages, that is, multiple methods of interacting with the Ethereum network, , including C++, Go, Python, Java, Haskell, etc. Why do we need so many implementations? Different implementations can meet different needs. For example, the goal of Haskell implementation is to be mathematically verifiable, to make Ethereum more secure, and to enrich the entire ecosystem.

At the time of writing this article, I am using the client geth (go-ethereum) implemented in the Go language. At other times, I also use a tool called testrpc, which uses the Python client pyethereum. Later examples will use these tools.

About mining: Mining is fun, a bit like caring for your houseplant, but also a way to learn about the entire system. Although the current price of Ethereum may not even cover the electricity bill, who knows in the future. People are creating many cool DApps that may make Ethereum more and more popular.

Interactive console: Once the client is running, you can synchronize the blockchain, create a wallet, and send and receive Ethereum. One way to use geth is through the Javascript console. In addition, you can use cURL-like commands to interact with the client through JSON RPC. The goal of this article is to take you through the process of DApp development, so I won’t go into details about this. But we should remember that these command line tools are useful for debugging, configuring nodes, and using wallets.

Running the node on the test network: If you run the geth client on the official network, it will take quite a while to download the entire blockchain and synchronize with the network. You can compare the node logs byPrint the last block number and the latest block listed on stats.ethdev.com to determine if synchronization has occurred. ) Another problem is that running smart contracts on the official network requires real Ethereum. Running the node on the test network does not have this problem. At this time, there is no need to synchronize the entire blockchain. Just create your own private chain, which saves time for development.

Testrpc: Use geth to create a test network. Another faster way to create a test network is to use testrpc. Testrpc can help you create a bunch of test accounts with funds at startup. It also runs faster and is therefore better suited for development and testing. You can start with testrpc, and then as the contract slowly takes shape, move to the test network created by geth - the startup method is very simple, you only need to specify a networkid: geth --networkid "12345". Here is the code repository for testrpc, we will talk about it again below.

Next, let’s talk about the available programming languages, and then we can start the real programming. Solidity is the programming language used to write smart contracts.

There are several languages ​​to choose from for writing smart contracts: Solidity, which is somewhat similar to Javascript, has a file extension of .sol. Serpent, which is similar to Python, has a file name ending in .se. There is also a Lisp-like LLL. Serpent has been popular for a while, but now the most popular and stable one is Solidity, so just use Solidity. I heard you like Python? Use Solidity.

solc compiler: After writing the smart contract with Solidity, you need to use solc to compile it. It is a component from a C++ client implementation. Again, different implementations complement each other. Here is how to install it. If you don't want to install solc, you can also use a browser-based compiler, such as Solidity real-time compiler or Cosmo. The programming sections below will assume you have solc installed.

web3.js API. After the Solidity contract is compiled and sent to the network, you can use Ethereum's web3.js JavaScript API to call it and build web applications that can interact with it.

⑥ Blockchain technology and applications: a technological revolution in the future

Blockchain technology originated from "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto 》, where "block" means that each information block contains a timestamp. Information blocks containing timestamps are connected to each other, and the chain of information blocks formed is a "blockchain".

Blockchain is a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database in a decentralized and trustless manner. From a data perspective, blockchain is a distributed database in which a single node or multiple nodes cannot intentionally change data records. Its distribution is reflected in the distributed storage and distributed recording of data. From a technical perspective, blockchain technology is an emerging technological achievement resulting from the integration of multiple technologies. After the development and improvement of a combination of multiple technologies, it forms a more efficient way of recording, storing and expressing data.

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⑦ Why is it said that the blockchain industry will not really rise until 2020?

Because the current blockchain technology is not yet mature and the basic facilities are imperfect, many applications are limited. , the overall application is still in a very early stage.

First of all, the main function of blockchain is to store information. Any information that needs to be saved can be written to the blockchain and read from it, so it is a database. Secondly, anyone can set up a server, join the blockchain network and become a node. In the world of blockchain, there is no central node (decentralization). Every node is equal and stores the entire database. You can write/read data to any node, because all nodes will eventually be synchronized to ensure that the blockchain is consistent.

⑧ What is the relationship between Bitcoin and blockchain?

In simple terms:

1. Bitcoin is a digital currency, and blockchain is a technology.

2. Blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin, and Bitcoin is the first application of blockchain technology; as a state-supported and vigorously developed blockchain technology, it will be widely used in the future All walks of life.

3. Blockchain technology is not a new technology, but a new logic of thinking. It just rearranges and combines many previously unrelated algorithmic technologies.

4. Blockchain is a block connected to a block. Thousands of blocks form a chain. To connect the next block, you need to calculate the algorithm. The answer (mining), and the reward for mining is Bitcoin.

Shared from DistrictTV.com.

⑨ Is blockchain a technology?

Blockchain is not a single technology, but the result of the integration of multiple technologies, which are combined in a new structure Together, they form a new way of recording, storing and expressing data.