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区块链三重式记账方式,区块链三重式记账是什么

发布时间：2023-12-10-07:05:00 来源：网络区块链知识区块

区块链三重式记账方式,区块链三重式记账是什么

区块链三重式记账方式是区块链技术的重要特性，它实现了三重安全性，从而确保了数据的安全性和可靠性。今天我们来聊聊相关的三个关键词：分布式账本，公式审计和智能合约。

分布式账本是区块链技术的基础，是一种去中心化的数据记录技术，由一系列可信的节点组成，每个节点都能够记录所有的交易记录，每个节点都能够获取同样的记录，这就是分布式账本的基本原理。它能够防止数据被篡改，保证数据的安全性，也可以提高数据的可靠性。

公式审计是一种技术，它主要用于验证区块链上的交易，以确保数据的安全性和可靠性。它的工作原理是：首先，收集所有交易记录，然后将它们放入一个数据结构中，最后使用一种特定的公式来验证这些交易记录，从而确保它们是可靠的。

智能合约是一种可执行的代码，它在区块链上运行，可以自动完成特定的任务。它可以自动执行合同，自动执行交易，并在交易完成后自动执行支付，从而确保交易的安全性和可靠性。智能合约可以极大地提高交易的效率，减少交易的成本，并且可以有效地避免欺诈行为。

总的来说，区块链三重式记账方式通过分布式账本、公式审计和智能合约等技术来实现数据的安全性和可靠性，为区块链技术的发展提供了重要的支持。

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Ⅰ What is blockchain

What is blockchain

What is blockchain? Many people have no idea what blockchain is. It is not very clear, and some people have even never heard of it. In fact, blockchain is a common technology. I have compiled relevant information about what blockchain is for everyone.

What is blockchain 1

Speaking of blockchain, we have to mention its twin brother-Bitcoin.

Time goes back to 11 years ago. On November 1, 2008, the world was shrouded in the huge shadow of the financial crisis. That day, a mysterious geek who called himself "Satoshi Nakamoto" sent a group email.

Attached to the email is a paper titled: "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System."

Satoshi Nakamoto said in the email that he is working on a new electronic cash system that is completely peer-to-peer and does not require any trusted third party. About half a month later, Satoshi Nakamoto released the source code of the Bitcoin system non-stop.

On January 3, 2009, an interesting invention turned out. Satoshi Nakamoto generated the first Bitcoin block on the server, which is the so-called "Bitcoin genesis block". Since then, the Bitcoin system has officially opened.

Having said that, you might as well stop and think about how we conduct cash transactions in real life.

Suppose you borrow 10,000 yuan from a friend and promise to pay it back in one month. You may choose to repay the loan by bank card transfer. The bank is responsible for deducting 10,000 yuan from your deposit account and adding 10,000 yuan to your friend's deposit account.

Here, the bank is the institution responsible for keeping accounts. The underlying reason why you choose bank transfer is that you believe it is more reliable and will help you transfer 10,000 yuan to a friend.

However, in the digital world, inventing a currency is another matter.

The hero behind the Bitcoin game

First of all, Satoshi Nakamoto hopes to conduct peer-to-peer direct transactions, bypassing the third party of the bank. This problem is easy to solve. Then there will be no banks. Users will issue their own currencies through a unique mechanism and trade directly with each other.

But this brings another problem. There is no bank as a reliable intermediary responsible for accounting, and users do not know each other. How to ensure that no one cheats during transactions?

For example, in the digital world, electronic files can be easily copied. 10 yuan of digital currency turns into 100 yuan by copying and pasting it with the mouse 10 times. Isn’t it a mess?

To solve this problem, we need to provide a mechanism for everyone to trust each other.

The method adopted by the Bitcoin system is to record all transaction processes openly and transparently in chronological order. These records are permanent and cannot be tampered with. There is no wayDid some sneaky stuff.

With these mechanisms, the Bitcoin system operates successfully.

This system stores data in units of data blocks, which are blocks. Approximately every 10 minutes, new blocks will be added. Each block records the detailed transaction process of Bitcoin and is timestamped. Different blocks are connected in chronological order through a certain algorithm, which is a chain.

Together, they are called "Blockchain".

In this way, the blockchain took root with the birth of Bitcoin. If Bitcoin is the star in front of the spotlight, blockchain is the hero behind the scenes responsible for providing a trust mechanism in the underlying technology.

Brand new changes in accounting methods

Although behind the scenes, the talent of blockchain was quickly discovered.

In technical terms, blockchain is a distributed ledger technology. To understand it, let’s take the simplest example.

Suppose your family keeps accounts like this: you, your father, and your mother each have an account book. You each record your own expenses, and at the end of each month, you tally the total household expenses together.

But dad likes to buy cigarettes, mom likes to stock up on cosmetics, and you like to buy snacks. You may both miss a few entries intentionally or unintentionally, and sometimes make corrections in the ledger. Therefore, when checking the accounts at the end of the month, there is always a discrepancy with the actual expenditure of the family.

In order to change this situation, you bought a new account book. You, your father, and your mother jointly use a new account book to keep accounts, remind and supervise each other, and check each expense together.

At the same time, you also agreed that once the expenses are clearly recorded, no alteration or deletion is allowed. After trying it for a few months, you found that this joint ledger matched the actual expenses of the family much more closely.

Blockchain is the second accounting method. The little story above tells us that it has at least these major features or benefits.

First of all, it is decentralized. The database that was previously maintained by one party has become jointly maintained by multiple parties. Everyone writes data together based on consensus, and no one can control the data alone.

Secondly, it allows everyone to change from keeping separate accounts to joint accounting, which brings consistency and openness and transparency to the data.

In addition, the blockchain only allows data to be written, not deletion or modification, which prevents data from being secretly tampered with.

Mutual trust between strangers

In reality, many scenarios are much more complicated than how to keep accounts at home. Moreover, many aspects of financial transactions and business processing are mostly operated by strangers. How can we make everyone trust each other?

It’s blockchain’s turn to show its talents. Don’t forget, it can provide a mechanism for everyone to trust each other from the underlying technology.

For example, when you usually go to the wet market to buy things, you may worry about whether fish, shrimp, and vegetables are safe. Some companies see business opportunities and move the data of farmers and fish ponds to the blockchain. In this way, you will know which fish pond the fish you buy comes from, and you will feel more confident when eating.

For another example, links to fundraising for seriously ill patients often appear in Moments. When making a donation, you may have some concerns: Is the patient's condition real? Can donations really be delivered to patients?

In order to eliminate these concerns, some Internet charity organizations use blockchain to allow you to clearly view the steps for using your donation. If the review finds that the patient's condition is not true, the blockchain system will automatically return the donation to your account.

In the future, what changes can blockchain bring to our lives?

It is conceivable that when blockchain is widely used in various fields of society, it will become an important infrastructure in the information age and can solve many of the headaches that currently cause us.

For example, blockchain will allow countless islands of information to be "chained" together. When seeing a doctor, there is no need to repeat the examination just because you change hospitals. Entrepreneurs do not have to go to multiple departments to go through a procedure; many transactions no longer need to be carried out. Third-party guarantees are required, consumers no longer worry about non-refundable deposits, and creators do not have to worry about their works being stolen but getting nothing...

What is blockchain 2

From an academic perspective, blockchain is New application models of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. Blockchain is essentially a decentralized database.

Many people still don’t understand this explanation, so let me make a simple metaphor.

Hypothetical situation: Suppose you have a ledger at home and you are asked to keep accounts. In the past, your parents gave you your salary and asked you to record it in your account book. If you are greedy and want to buy something delicious in the meantime, the record in the ledger may be less than ten yuan.

This is just an example. I believe that when we were children, everyone probably wanted to take some money from their parents’ pockets to spend.

Ways to use blockchain to solve problems:

If you use the whole family mobilization method to keep accounts, the above-mentioned problems will not exist, because you are keeping accounts, and your father They are also keeping accounts, and your mother is also keeping accounts. They can all see the general ledger. You can't change it, and neither can your parents. So your father who wants to buy cigarettes and you who want to eat have nothing to do.

Functional "blockchain"

It can not only record every transaction, but also can be programmed to record almost everything of value to mankind. Things: birth and death certificates, marriage licenses, title deeds, degrees, financial accounts, medical history, insurance claims, ballots, food sources, and anything else that can be represented by a code.

Each block is like a hard disk, which stores all the above information.Save it and then encrypt it through cryptography technology. The saved information cannot be tampered with.

Every 10 minutes, the blockchain system will check all data generated during the period (such as transaction records and records of when the block was edited or created, etc.) and store these data in a new area. On the block, this block will be connected with the previous block to form a chain. Each block must contain relevant information from the previous block to be effective.

Characteristics of blockchain

1. Exceptionally safe:

Unlike centralized databases owned by companies or government agencies, blockchain is not controlled by anyone. or entity's control, data is replicated (distributed) in its entirety across multiple computers.

Unlike centralized databases, there is no single entry point for attackers, and data security is more guaranteed.

2. Non-tamperability:

Once entered into the blockchain, no information can be changed, and even the administrator cannot modify this information.

Once something appears, it cannot be changed. This attribute is of great significance to the changeable and ever-changing online world that humans currently live in.

3. Accessible:

All nodes in the network can easily access information.

4. No third party:

Because the blockchain is decentralized, it can facilitate peer-to-peer transactions, so whether you are trading or exchanging funds, there is no need for a third party of approval.

Blockchain itself is a platform.

Blockchain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting. There is a database behind all systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. Currently, each is keeping its own account.

Since there is no centralized intermediary agency, letting everything run automatically through preset programs can not only greatly reduce costs, but also improve efficiency. And since everyone has the same ledger, it can ensure that the ledger recording process is open and transparent.

Blockchain technology is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Without the operation and management of any centralized organization, Bitcoin has been operating very stably for many years without any problems, so some people have noticed its The underlying technology abstracts the Bitcoin technology and calls it blockchain technology, or distributed ledger technology.

According to a report released by Santander, Spain's largest bank, if all banks around the world use blockchain technology internally around 2020, they will save approximately US$20 billion in costs per year. Such data is enough to illustrate the tremendous changes and breakthroughs that "blockchain" has brought to the traditional financial field.

Cloud computing is usually defined as providing dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources through the Internet, but a cloud computing platform is often provided by a centeration institutions. The network composed of blockchain generally does not have a specific organization, so blockchain is closer to the definition of a distributed computing system and is a type of distributed computing.

The future development and application scenarios of blockchain

1. Digital identity

Many people will encounter "prove that my mother is me" when applying for various certificates. "Mom" dilemma, with blockchain, you no longer have to worry about it.

It turns out that our birth certificates, real estate certificates, marriage certificates, etc. need a central node for everyone to recognize them. Once cross-border, contracts and certificates may become invalid because of the lack of a global central node.

The non-tamperable nature of blockchain technology has fundamentally changed this situation. Our birth certificates, real estate certificates, and marriage certificates can all be notarized on the blockchain and become things trusted by the world. , of course, it can also easily prove "my mother is my mother".

2. Health care

Simply put, it is to use the blockchain to establish a universal record repository with timestamps, so that different databases can extract data information.

For example, when you go to see a doctor, you don’t have to change hospitals for repeated examinations, and you don’t have to worry about reimbursement for medical insurance, which can save time and expenses.

3. Travel consumption

For example, we often use apps such as Ctrip and Meituan to find and place orders for hotels and other services, and each platform gets commissions from them.

The application of blockchain is to remove middlemen and create a secure, decentralized way for service providers and customers to connect and trade directly.

4. More convenient transactions

Blockchain can make payments and transactions more efficient and convenient. The blockchain platform allows users to create smart contracts that become active when certain conditions are met, meaning that automatic payments can be released when both parties to a transaction agree that their conditions are met.

5. Strictly control product quality

If you buy an apple, with blockchain technology, you can know the entire process from the production of the fruit farmer to the circulation link. Among them are government regulatory information, professional testing data, enterprise quality inspection data, etc. A smart supply chain will make the food we eat and the products we use every day safer and give us more peace of mind.

6. Property rights protection art

The creator puts his work on the blockchain, and if someone uses his work, he can immediately Know. Corresponding royalties are also automatically paid to the creator.

Blockchain technology not only protects copyright, but also helps creators sell their works to consumers better and more directly, without the need for the assistance of distribution companies.

What is blockchain 3

Advantages of blockchain

Decentralized, it does not require a thirdThe intervention of three parties enables point-to-point transactions, coordination and collaboration. Because the data is distributed in various nodes through algorithms and has a unique verification mechanism, no one organization or individual can control the global data. Since it is distributed in various nodes, any node stopping work will not affect the entire system. Operation, this decentralized network will greatly improve data security. The data in the system is jointly maintained by various nodes with maintenance functions.

Openness, in addition to the encryption of private information of all parties in the system, the blockchain data is open to everyone, and anyone can query the blockchain through the public interface Data and development related applications, so the entire system information is highly transparent.

Where does blockchain come in?

Blockchain is an open, transparent, decentralized and secure technology. This technological revolution is applied to the Internet. For data-sensitive fields such as medical care, public opinion supervision, and ecological testing, it can prevent data from being tampered with and ensure the authenticity of the data.

In short, blockchain is not just a method of virtual currency, its advantages will play an important role in many industries.

Ⅱ What Jin Wowo said What does blockchain distributed accounting mean?

What does Jin Wowo mean by blockchain distributed accounting? , how to understand the distributed accounting of Jinwowo blockchain technology?

Blockchain technology is also called distributed ledger. Generally speaking, if we assume that the database is a ledger, reading and writing the database can be regarded as an accounting behavior. The principle of blockchain technology is Find the person with the fastest and best accounting within a period of time, let this person do the accounting, and then send this page of information in the ledger to everyone else in the entire system. This is equivalent to changing all the records in the database and sending them to every other node in the entire network, which not only ensures data security, but also ensures the authenticity of the data, thus improving social credibility.

What are the characteristics of distributed accounting mentioned by Jinwowo’s blockchain technology? , how to simply understand the distributed accounting function of Jinwowo Network Technology’s blockchain technology?

Blockchain technology adopts a distributed accounting model. Whether it is real-time reconciliation capabilities in registration and settlement scenarios or non-tampering capabilities in data storage scenarios, it can provide traceability, anti-counterfeiting, and supply chain scenarios. Provide strong protection. Jinwowo uses blockchain technology to ensure product data security.

How should we understand the distributed accounting of Jinwowo blockchain technology?

Distributed storage is a data storage technology that uses the disk space on each machine through the network and constructs these dispersed storage resources into a virtual storage device, and the data is dispersedly stored in various corners of the network.

What is distributed storage in Jinwowo blockchain technology?

Chongqing Jinwowo analyzes and studies the distributed storage in blockchain technology as follows:
First, each node of the blockchain follows the block chain format.The structure stores complete data. Traditional distributed storage generally divides the data into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules.
Secondly, each node in the blockchain stores independently and has equal status, relying on a consensus mechanism to ensure storage consistency, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through a central node.

How does Jin Wowo explain the blockchain, the distributed ledger model?

What does distributed accounting of blockchain mean?

This is a good question. Let me give you an example. For example, I deposited 100 yuan in the bank. This deposit data is only recorded in the bank's database and cannot be obtained by others. This is "centralized accounting". The blockchain is a distributed accounting, a new information recording technology, and it is "encrypted" and "distributed". The data no longer exists in a center, but is stored once on all computers in the network. . For example, if I transfer 100 yuan to you, I will shout to all the computers in the entire network, and everyone will keep an account together, which is "distributed accounting".

What is the distributed storage in Jinwowo blockchain technology?

Chongqing Jinwowo Analysis: Big data refers to a collection of data that cannot be captured, managed and processed with conventional software tools within a certain time range. It requires new processing models to have stronger decision-making power, insight and discovery. Massive, high-growth, and diverse information assets for process optimization capabilities.
Big data needs to cope with massive and rapidly growing storage, which requires the underlying hardware architecture and file system to be much more cost-effective than traditional technologies and to be able to flexibly expand storage capacity.

Jinwowo Network: What is distributed storage in the blockchain?

Jinwowo Network Analysis: In the blockchain, data is stored on different computers, which not only achieves decentralization, but also has a high degree of encryption and security, while also reducing costs.
And if your computer has extra storage space, you can even rent out the extra storage capacity, killing multiple birds with one stone.

Ⅲ What is the popular explanation of blockchain? A brand-new accounting method (you will understand after reading it carefully)

It has been circulated on the Internet in the past two years.There is a new financial model called "blockchain". I think many people still don't understand the meaning of it. After all, "blockchain" is still "advanced" to ordinary people, so What is the popular explanation of blockchain? In fact, it is not as complicated as we imagined, so let me tell you what "blockchain" is and see what is special about this model!

The most popular explanation of blockchain:

What exactly is the "blockchain" that people often talk about? I believe that many people don’t know much about it, and most of the information they view on the Internet is “unclear”. In fact, it is easy to understand. So what is the popular explanation of blockchain? Fundamentally speaking, this model is a "decentralized" accounting method. So what is "decentralization"? All our current exchanges and communications on the Internet will actually be stored in a "centralized" server on a certain browser or APP. The other party can check our browsing information at will, and "decentralization" is convenient. This can be completely avoided.

Once information is written into the "blockchain", it cannot be tampered with, ensuring its authenticity and confidentiality. It can also avoid third-party platforms in transactions on the virtual market. Intervention, the transaction is directly completed by both parties, which saves a lot of procedures and time, and also ensures that information is not leaked, transparent and other security issues, and there is no possibility of data loss!

After reading the above introduction, do you have a new understanding of the "blockchain" model? can't read? Let’s take a look at it through a comic below!

Fields of application of blockchain

The "blockchain" model can be applied in many fields, the first of which must be finance. The earliest blockchain is from Born in Bitcoin. This new technology can also be used in education, e-commerce, film and television, etc. Now all walks of life are exploring this new field, hoping to have a foothold in the development of the future era!

Ⅳ What are the core blockchain technologies of blockchain technology?

What is the hottest Internet topic at the moment? You don’t need to tell me what the editor is saying, it is blockchain. Blockchain technology, but many friends have only heard of this technology and do not have much in-depth understanding of it. So what are the blockchain technologies? Below we will bring you an introduction to the core technology of blockchain for your reference.
BlockWhat are the core technologies of the chain?
Blockchain technology, which can be a public ledger (visible by anyone) or a permissioned network (visible only by those authorized), solves supply chain challenges , because it is an immutable record that is shared among network participants and updated in real time.
Blockchain technology----data layer: designing the data structure of the ledger
Core technology 1. Block + chain:
Technically speaking, block is a data structure that records transactions. Reflects the flow of funds for a transaction. The blocks of transactions that have been reached in the system are connected together to form a main chain, and all nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain.
Each block consists of a block header and a block body. The block body is only responsible for recording all transaction information in the previous period, mainly including the number of transactions and transaction details; the block header encapsulates the current version number, previous A block address, timestamp (recording the time when the block was generated, accurate to the second), random number (recording the value of decrypting the answer to the math question related to the block), the target hash value of the current block, and the Merkle number Root value and other information. From a structural point of view, most functions of the blockchain are implemented by the block header.
Core technology 2. Hash function:
The hash function can convert data of any length into a set of fixed-length codes through the Hash algorithm. The principle is based on a cryptographic one-way hash function. This kind of function is easy to verify, but difficult to crack. Usually, the industry uses y=hash(x) to represent it. This hash function implements operations on x to calculate a hash value y.
Commonly used hash algorithms include MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384 and SHA-512, etc. Taking the SHA256 algorithm as an example, inputting any string of data into SHA256 will result in a 256-bit Hash value (hash value). Its characteristics: the same data input will get the same result. As long as the input data changes slightly (for example, a 1 becomes a 0), a completely different result will be obtained, and the result cannot be predicted in advance. Forward calculation (calculating the corresponding Hash value from the data) is very easy. Reverse calculation (cracking) is extremely difficult and is considered impossible under current technological conditions.
Core technology 3. Merkle tree:
Merkle tree is a hash binary tree, which can be used to quickly verify the integrity of large-scale data. In the blockchain network, the Merkle tree is used to summarize all transaction information in a block, and ultimately generates a unified hash value of all transaction information in the block. Any change in transaction information in the block will cause Merkle tree changes.
Core technology 4. Asymmetric encryption algorithm:
Asymmetric encryption algorithm is a key secret method that requires two keys: public key and private key. The public key and the private key are a pair. If the public key is used to encrypt data, only the corresponding private key can be used to decrypt it, thereby obtaining the corresponding data value.; If a private key is used to sign data, the signature can only be verified using the corresponding public key, and the sender of the verification information is the holder of the private key.
Because encryption and decryption use two different keys, this algorithm is called an asymmetric encryption algorithm, while symmetric encryption uses the same key in the encryption and decryption processes.
Blockchain technology----network layer: realize the decentralization of accounting nodes
Core technology 5. P2P network:
P2P network (peer-to-peer network), also known as point-to-point technology, is no Central server, Internet system that relies on user groups to exchange information. Unlike a centralized network system with a central server, each client in a peer-to-peer network acts as both a node and a server. Domestic Xunlei software uses P2P technology. The P2P network has the characteristics of decentralization and robustness.
Blockchain technology----Consensus layer: allocate the task load of accounting nodes
Core technology 6. Consensus mechanism:
Consensus mechanism is how to reach consensus among all accounting nodes to identify The validity of a record is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. There are currently four main types of consensus mechanisms: PoW, PoS, DPoS and distributed consensus algorithms.
PoW (Proof of Work, proof of work): PoW mechanism, which is like Bitcoin’s mining mechanism, miners package existing transactions that have not been recorded by the network into a block, and then continue to traverse and try to find a random number , so that the hash value of the new block plus the random number meets certain difficulty conditions. Finding a random number that meets the conditions is equivalent to determining the latest block of the blockchain, and is also equivalent to obtaining the current round of accounting rights of the blockchain. Miners broadcast blocks that meet the mining difficulty conditions in the Yuanfu network. After verifying that the block meets the mining difficulty conditions and that the transaction data in the block meets the protocol specifications, other nodes in the entire network will each Blocks are linked to their own version of the blockchain, thereby forming a network-wide consensus on the current network state.
PoS (ProofofStake, Proof of Stake): PoS mechanism requires nodes to provide proof of a certain number of tokens to obtain a distributed consensus mechanism for competing for blockchain accounting rights. If you rely solely on the token balance to determine the bookkeeper, you will inevitably make the rich win, which will lead to the centralization of bookkeeping rights and reduce the fairness of the consensus. Therefore, different PoS mechanisms use different methods to increase the amount of money based on the proof of equity. The randomness of accounting rights avoids centralization. For example, in the PeerCoin PoS mechanism, the Bitcoin with the longest chain age has a greater chance of obtaining accounting rights. NXT and Blackcoin use a formula to predict the next accounting node. The more tokens you own, the greater the probability of being selected as an accounting node. In the future, Ethereum will also switch from the current PoW mechanism to a PoS mechanism. Judging from the data currently seen, Ethereum’s PoS mechanism will use nodes to place bets on the next block.The winning bet will be rewarded with extra Ether coins, and the unsuccessful bet will have Ether coins deducted to reach consensus on the next block.
DPoS (DelegatedProof-Of-Stake, share authorization certificate): DPoS is easy to understand and is similar to the modern corporate board of directors system. The DPoS mechanism adopted by BitShares is that shareholders vote to select a certain number of witnesses. Each witness has two seconds of authority to generate blocks in order. If the witness cannot generate a block within the given time slice, The block generation authority is given to the witness corresponding to the next time slice. Shareholders can replace these witnesses at any time by voting. This design of DPoS makes the generation of blocks faster and more energy-saving.
Distributed Consistency Algorithm: Distributed Consistency Algorithm is based on traditional distributed consistency technology. Among them are Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithms that solve the Byzantine Generals problem, such as PBFT (Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm). In addition, distributed consensus algorithms (Pasox, Raft) that solve non-Byzantine problems are not explained in this article. This type of algorithm is currently a commonly used consensus mechanism in alliance chain and private chain scenarios.
Taken together, POW is suitable for public chains. If you build a private chain, it is more suitable to use POS because there is no trust problem in verification nodes; and because there are untrustworthy local nodes in the alliance chain, it is more suitable to use DPOS.
Blockchain technology----Incentive layer: Develop a "salary system" for accounting nodes
Core technology 7. Issuance mechanism and incentive mechanism:
Take Bitcoin as an example. Bitcoins are initially rewarded by the system to miners who create new blocks, and this reward is halved approximately every four years. At the beginning, miners were rewarded with 50 Bitcoins for each new block recorded, and this reward is halved approximately every four years. By analogy, by around AD 2140, newly created blocks will no longer receive rewards from the system. By then, the total number of Bitcoins will be approximately 21 million. This is the total number of Bitcoins, so it will not increase indefinitely.
Another source of incentives is transaction fees. When there are no system rewards for newly created blocks, the miners' income will change from system rewards to transaction fees. For example, when you transfer, you can specify 1% of it as a handling fee to be paid to the miner who records the block. If the output value of a transaction is less than the input value, the difference is the transaction fee, which will be added to the incentive for that block. As long as a given amount of electronic currency has entered circulation, the incentive mechanism can gradually be converted to rely entirely on transaction fees, so there is no need to issue new currency.
Blockchain technology----Contract layer: giving the ledger programmable features
Core technology 8. Smart contract:
Smart contract is a set of programmed rules and logic that respond to scenarios. Implemented by decentralized, trusted shared script code deployed on the blockchain. Usually, after the smart contract is signed by all parties, it is attached to the blockchain data in the form of program code, and is recorded in a specific block of the blockchain after being propagated through the P2P network and verified by nodes. smart contractIt encapsulates several predefined states and transition rules, scenarios that trigger contract execution, response actions in specific scenarios, etc. The blockchain can monitor the status of smart contracts in real time, and activate and execute the contract by checking external data sources and confirming that specific trigger conditions are met.
The above is what blockchain technologies the editor has brought to you? All content of the introduction to the core technology of blockchain.

IV What are the application fields of blockchain technology?

Application fields: financial field, Internet of Things and logistics field, public service field, digital copyright field, insurance field, and public welfare field.

Blockchain can also be naturally combined in the Internet of Things and logistics fields. Through blockchain, logistics costs can be reduced, the production and delivery process of items can be traced, and the efficiency of supply chain management can be improved. This field is considered a promising application direction of blockchain.

Blockchain is closely related to people’s production and life in the fields of public management, energy, transportation, etc. However, the centralized nature of these fields also brings some problems, which can be transformed with blockchain.

Blockchain Technology

This major cultivates the comprehensive development of moral, intellectual, physical, artistic and labor skills, and masters basic knowledge of natural sciences, humanities and social sciences, and basic theories of computer science. , basic theory and application knowledge of blockchain technology and application, have the basic ability of blockchain software development, software development practice and project organization, have the awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship, competition and team awareness and craftsman spirit, and be able to engage in blockchain High-quality and high-level technical skills talents for chain technology design, management, service and other work.

Reference for the above content: Network-Blockchain Technology

VI What is Ethereum

With the innovation of blockchain technology, a new platform is born Yes, it is Ethereum. Ethereum is not just a cryptocurrency like Bitcoin, it has other characteristics that make it a giant distributed computer.

So, what exactly is Ethereum?

Specifically, Ethereum (Ethereum) is a programmable, visual, and easier-to-use blockchain that allows anyone to write smart contracts and issue tokens. Just like Bitcoin, Ethereum is decentralized and is jointly recorded by the entire network. The ledger is open, transparent and cannot be tampered with.

Unlike Bitcoin, Ethereum is a programmable blockchain that provides a Turing-complete scripting language, so developers It can be programmed directly in high-level languages such as C language and converted into assembly language, which greatly reduces the difficulty of developing blockchain applications.

To make it easier to understand, for example, Ethereum is like Android in the blockchain. It is a development platform that allows us to develop applications based on Androidoid Framework also writes applications based on blockchain technology. It provides various modules for users to build applications. If building an application is like building a house, then Ethereum provides modules such as walls, roofs, and floors. Users only need to build the house like building blocks. Therefore, in Ethereum The cost and speed of building applications have been greatly improved.

In fact, before there was Ethereum, writing blockchain applications was like this: copy a copy of the Bitcoin code, and then change the underlying code such as encryption Algorithms, consensus mechanisms, network protocols, etc. (Many altcoins are like this, and if they are changed, a new coin will come out).

As for how Ethereum works?

Like other blockchains, Ethereum requires thousands of people running a software on their computers to power the network. Each node (computer) in the network runs a piece of software called the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). If you think of the Ethereum Virtual Machine as an operating system that understands and executes software written in an Ethereum-specific programming language, the software/applications executed by the Ethereum Virtual Machine are called "smart contracts."

However, operating on this computer is not free. You need to pay for the network’s own cryptocurrency, called Ether. Ethereum is largely the same as Bitcoin, except that Ethereum allows you to pay for executing smart contracts on Ethereum.

Going back to the development history of Ethereum, the concept of Ethereum was first proposed by the programmer Vitalik Buterin between 2013 and 2014 after being inspired by Bitcoin. "The next generation cryptocurrency and decentralized application platform" began to develop through ICO crowdfunding in 2014.

As of February 2018, Ethereum is the second-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, behind Bitcoin currency.

For many programmers and investors, July 30, 2015 is a big day. After 18 months of gestation, the Ethereum blockchain platform was finally officially born. At about 11:45 a.m. that day in the office in Brooklyn, when the Ethereum blockchain generated its first genesis block, there were many enthusiastic miners behind it who wanted to win the first block, which was exclusive to Ethereum. Electronic currency, ownership of Ethereum. There was thunderous applause throughout the office. It was a terrible day, with a thunderstorm in New York City and noisy flood warnings blasting from everyone's smartphones.

According to the company’s website information,Ethereum is a decentralized application platform. Taking smart contracts as an example, designers can completely eliminate the possibility of being monitored, defrauded or interfered by third parties. Like Bitcoin, Ethereum uses Ethereum to attract participants. It establishes a network architecture that verifies the trading platform, maintains the operation of the network architecture, and uses consensus to determine which events have actually occurred. However, Ethereum and Bitcoin are also different. Ethereum provides some powerful tools to allow investment Developers create decentralized software services that can be used from online games to stock trading.

The idea of Ethereum originated in 2013, when the 19-year-old Russian-Canadian Vitalik Buterin, for example, argued with the core developer of Bitcoin that the blockchain network The architecture needs a more stable manuscript language to develop other application software. However, his idea was not adopted, which prompted him to make up his mind to develop a blockchain network architecture consensus that conforms to his own ideas. This company can be said to be His first step was to launch application software on the Ethereum blockchain. If we go back a few years, we will find an interesting comparison.

Torvalds, a master, launched the Linux operating system in the same way as Buterin launched Ethereum. Joseph Rubin, co-founder of Consensus Systems, said when talking about the rise of the blockchain Ethereum, I increasingly feel that it is a waste of time to go to the streets and put up posters to appeal. It is better to cooperate together. In this imbalance The economic system of the society needs to bring about more practical changes.

Like many entrepreneurs, Rubin's aspirations were very ambitious. He not only wanted to create a great company, but also wanted to take the opportunity to solve the world's difficult problems. The company's applications will have dramatic effects on more than a dozen other industries. Their plans include a distributed triple-entry accounting system, which was originally well-received but later suffered from centralized control. The controversial reddit forum has launched a new distributed version, managed by an automatically executed file format. The system is now called smart contracts, covering prediction markets in the fields of business, sports and entertainment, public bidding energy markets, and a complete set of tools that can compete with Apple computers. A business tool for large-scale collaborative collective creation to realize a common management mechanism for companies without management layers.

Ethereum was founded by Vitalik Buterin in 2014. It is a blockchain underlying system, similar to the operating system of the Internet, and the DAPP (decentralized application) developed based on it is similar to It is a software APP developed based on the Internet operating system.

Its emergence is mainly to make up for the shortcomings of Bitcoin. Bitcoin can only implement a point-to-point electronic cash transaction system, but the application of blockchain technology in other scenarios cannot be realized. If it is used for every scene, build a bottom layerIt is too time-consuming and energy-consuming to develop the basic system, and the cost is also very high. For this reason, Ethereum has built an underlying system for developers to use, and developers only need to develop their own DAPP applications based on it. Data from May last year showed that there were more than 200 Ethereum applications around the world.

In addition, Ethereum is also one of the better public chains in the blockchain. However, its transaction speed is too slow and has been criticized by many developers. Ethereum developers are constantly trying to develop sharding technology to change this phenomenon.

The essence of Ethereum is a programmable, visual and simple-to-operate blockchain that allows anyone to write smart contracts and issue tokens (this is why there are so many air coins and MLM coins on the market one of the reasons). Like Bitcoin, Ethereum is also decentralized. The entire network records all situations of Ethereum, and it is open, transparent and cannot be tampered with.

So you want to ask, what is the difference between Ethereum and Bitcoin? In layman's terms, you can think of Ethereum as a programmable blockchain. It provides a set of Turing-complete scripting languages. Subsequent developers can directly program in C language and other languages on this basis, and then convert it into assembly. language, thereby reducing the difficulty of developing blockchain applications. Just like on the Android system, APIs and interfaces are prepared, and users can directly develop apps with this logic. From the beginning of Ethereum to the present, hundreds of applications have been born on Ethereum, and the Russian government has even cooperated with the Ethereum Foundation.

I hope my answer can help you!

At a basic level, Ethereum is a software platform based on blockchain technology. The platform allows building and deploying decentralized applications. What is “ether” in Ethereum? People interested in Ethereum often ask "What is Ethereum?"

Understanding Ether is very important because it is the basis of Ethereum's functionality. Just like all machines use some kind of fuel, so does the blockchain. Ethereum uses ether, a unique code that can be used as a way to pay for running an application or program. Just like slot machines require coins (or now prepaid cards) to run coins, customers must use ether as payment to run their requested operations on Ethereum.

Everyone else’s answers are really too troublesome

It’s too complicated

Ethereum

In simple terms, this is the conclusion:

Ethereum is equal to BTC+smart contracts+freedom of contracts+deflationary assets+use value< /p>

This conclusion is actually not difficult to understand

OfficialThe definition is more cunning:

An open source public blockchain platform with smart contract functions. Provides a decentralized virtual machine through its dedicated cryptocurrency Ether (also known as "Ether")

Ethereum simply has this conclusion:

Ethereum is equal to BTC + smart contract + freedom of contract + deflationary assets + use value

Let me tell you briefly

First of all, let’s take a look at the following video: That is, the video of the founder of Ethereum, V God, is particularly good. Explanation

Ethereum simply has this conclusion:

Ethereum is equal to BTC+smart contract +Freedom of contracts+deflationary assets+use value

The official definition is even trickier:

Ethereum is a programmable, visual blockchain platform. It has many operating functions, including calculating and summarizing various types of data, etc.

Ethereum is a qualitative leap in blockchain technology! Just like http is the underlying supporting technology of the Internet, and Ethereum can build various ecological dapps based on Ethereum smart contracts

What is Ethereum?

Ethereum is the foundation of a new era of the Internet:

Built-in currency and payments.

Users have personal data sovereignty and will not be monitored or stolen by various applications.

Everyone has the right to use the open financial system.

Based on a neutral and open source infrastructure that is not controlled by any organization or individual.

Creation of Ethereum

Launched in 2015, the Ethereum mainnet is the world's leading programmable blockchain.

Like other blockchains, Ethereum also has a native cryptocurrency called Ether (ETH). ETH is a digital currency that has many of the same functions as Bitcoin. It is a purely digital currency that can be sent instantly to anyone, anywhere in the world. The supply of ETH is not controlled by any government or organization. It is decentralized and scarce. People all over the world are using ETH to make payments or as a store of value and collateral.

But unlike other blockchains, Ethereum can do more. Ethereum is programmable, and developers can use it to build applications unlike before.

The Role of Ethereum

These decentralized applications (or “dapps”) are based onCryptocurrency and blockchain technology are therefore trustworthy, which means that once dapps are "uploaded" to Ethereum, they will always run as programmed. These applications can control digital assets in order to create new financial applications; they are also decentralized, meaning no single entity or individual can control them.

Currently, thousands of developers around the world are building applications and inventing new applications on Ethereum, many of which are now available:

1. Cryptocurrency wallet: allows you to make low-cost, instant payments using ETH or other digital assets

2. Financial applications: allows you to borrow, borrow, and invest in digital assets

3. Go Centralized Market: Allows you to trade digital assets, and even trade on "predictions" of real-world events

4. Games: You can own in-game assets and even obtain real-world benefits and more. many.

Ethereum Community

The Ethereum community is the largest and most active blockchain community in the world. It includes core protocol developers, cryptoeconomic researchers, cypherpunks, mining organizations, ETH holders, application developers, ordinary users, anarchists, Fortune 500 companies.

No company or centralized organization controls Ethereum. Ethereum has always been maintained and improved by a diverse global community of contributors, who work on all aspects of Ethereum, from core protocols to applications.

The culprit of Ethereum’s congestion was found, and it turned out to be it!

VII Blockchain, how to solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises

In recent years, companies’ wage arrears and bosses running away have become everyone’s news It is commonplace on the Internet, and jokes about "Jiangnan Leather Factory" appear on social media from time to time. These "news" that are no longer new remind everyone repeatedly that the old problems of corporate financing for many years have become "new" dilemmas that have been unresolved for a long time. , everyone is wondering if there is any way to solve the problem. With the development of financial technology, maybe blockchain is bringing new ideas to this old problem?

Economic Perspective View the World WeChat Public Account [Jianghan Vision Observation] ID: jianghanview

Ⅷ Blockchain Clip Principle

The principle of blockchain clip is a distributed shared accounting technology.
Blockchain clip is a distributed shared accounting technology. What it wants to do is to allow all parties involved to establish a trust relationship at the technical level. It can be roughly divided into two levels. One is to do blockchain The second is the underlying technology, the upper-layer application of the blockchain, that is, the transformation, optimization or innovative application based on the blockchain.
Blockchain, as an important concept of Bitcoin, is essentiallyThe decentralized database, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a batch of Bitcoin network transactions.

Ⅸ Introduction to Blockchain (1) - Let’s keep accounts together

When I was a child, I was curious about many novel things and full of desire to understand and learn. At that time Countless exclamation marks often appear in my brain. As I grow older and gain more experience, this kind of experience becomes less and less common, and I am not surprised by the new things that many people follow. When "blockchain" first appeared, I was completely attracted. After that, just like when I was a child, I was instinctively driven to learn and understand deeply, and found that "blockchain" is a new world that is about to come. s future.

The first time I heard the word "Blockchain" was in teacher Li Xiaolai's column "The Road to Freedom of Wealth", and I read it many times in the column after that. to the emergence of this term. Out of curiosity, I followed and read the articles on Lao Mao's public account "Cat Talk", and gradually gained a 0 to 1 understanding of the blockchain. block-block, chain-chain, blockchain-connect the blocks one by one into a chain, imagine the DNA extending infinitely in front of you...

This paragraph is about blocks on the network An explanation of the chain, to put it in simpler terms, the blockchain is an open, decentralized, trustless, and jointly maintained accounting system.

Let’s first look at the traditional centralized banking business model. When we do transactions, why do we need third-party centralized companies such as banks, Alibaba, and Tencent? Because there is no trust between people. A lends B 100 yuan today. If B does not recognize the loan tomorrow, what will A do? The bank helps solve this problem. Everyone creates a real-name certified account in the bank. With the help of this centralized company, A lends 100 yuan to the bank (deposit), and B takes out 100 yuan from the bank (withdraw/borrow). Then the bank Responsible for recording this transaction, A's account will be 100 yuan more, while B's account will be 100 yuan less. This method of relying on third-party centralized companies for accounting can be seen everywhere in our lives: for online shopping, we need Alibaba's Taobao City and JD.com; for loans, we need to find reliable small loan companies; for new books, we need to go through a certain publishing house... …In the final analysis, it’s because people don’t trust each other, or the risks and costs of maintaining trust are too high, so we need such centralized and powerful third-party companies to endorse transactions and let them Taking these risks, of course, they also make us money. However, relying on third-party centralized business models has brought us inefficient services, cumbersome procedures and diversion of value, such as banks queuing up to handle business, the lending process of small loan companies, and Taobao and JD.com’s rent collection from merchants. , the publisher’s share of the author’s manuscript fee, etc. This is me nowWe live in a centralized, third-party trusted world.

The blockchain world is a new world where no third party is needed, all transaction information is public, and everyone participates in bookkeeping! As the world's first proven and feasible blockchain application, Bitcoin subverts the traditional financial model by using automatic accounting and open accounting, information cannot be tampered with, and can be queried at any time, bypassing third-party centralization. Buyers and sellers conduct transactions directly. Such a transaction model must be efficient, low-cost, and open. Just imagine if blockchain technology becomes popular in the future, when you want to transfer a large amount of money to a friend abroad, you can skip the lengthy steps and get it instantly; if you write a book and publish it, you don’t have to worry about being pirated. There is no need for the publisher to earn your royalties; a peer-to-peer mutual insurance platform will be built directly between people, and the insurance company will become a consulting company, etc. (In fact, Bitcoin and Press.one are realizing such a subversion)

The Internet is currently booming. We have Didi taxis or shared bicycles for outside work, Ele.me for ordering food, and Ele.me for dining in restaurants. Dianping, convenient payment via WeChat and Alipay is everywhere. When we pay on the Internet, we need to rely on a third-party platform company trusted by both buyers and sellers to complete the transaction for us. These third-party companies have a large amount of transaction data and information on both parties to the transaction. If a hacker intrusion occurs and information is lost, we will bear the consequences for our "trust risk"; not to mention the delays caused by reviewing and clearing transaction data. The inconvenience, and the huge cost of managing such a huge amount of data.

So how is blockchain technology implemented? For example, if there is an army that wants to seize an enemy fortress, and each soldier wears a special helmet with a red button, each time a fortress is captured, the army headquarters will award a medal. First, a soldier A took the lead in occupying the first fort 1. He announced to other comrades through his helmet that he had occupied fort 1. At this time, the helmet would record the coordinate information of fort 1 and pass it to other soldiers along with A's shouting. All soldiers and others heard A's shouting through the helmet and pressed the red button to indicate that the message had been recorded simultaneously. Then everyone knows that fortress 1 has been occupied by A, and A is rewarded with a medal. Then others will immediately capture other fortresses and broadcast their achievements in the same way. In this way, the information that different fortresses were captured by different soldiers in this battle is all stored in everyone's helmet. Here, the helmet is the public ledger (strictly speaking, the helmet's program), and everyone participates in accounting; each capture information constitutes a block, and all information arranged in a certain order forms a blockchain; In addition to keeping accounts (pressing the red button), participants also scramble to grab the right to package new data (capture the fortress).

So let’s take a look at the advantages of this joint accounting method. 1. Decentralization. The ledger is jointly recorded and maintained by everyone. It doesn’t matter who records it first, because if there is an incentive (medal), someone will do it, and there is no need for a third party to intervene (no need for the command of a general or combat department, reducing military expenses and commanders) risk of sacrifice). 2. Data cannot be tampered with. If you want to modify the accounted data, you must modify more than 51% of the node information to succeed. Just imagine, if this army has one million people (actually the number of blockchain nodes is much larger than this number), it would be an almost impossible task to modify the helmets of more than half of the army. 3. Information is open and transparent. Everyone can check this transaction information in their own ledger (all fortress capture information has been recorded in everyone's helmet).

This is the first article I started writing. The last time I wrote so many words was probably in the college entrance examination. The first article was about a new field that I had never touched before. The text was a bit confusing and mediocre, and I didn’t know whether the analogy I made was correct or not, but I finally started to do it. Writing is indeed a skill that everyone should have, and it is a skill that can be improved through deliberate practice and urge yourself to maintain it.