当区块链遇上爆火出圈的ChatGPT,我们应该关注啥?,区块链视角下

当区块链遇上爆火出圈的ChatGPT，我们应该关注啥？从区块链视角来看，我们应该关注三个关键词：去中心化，可信网络，以及智能合约。

去中心化是区块链技术的基本特征，是一种去除中心化控制的分布式系统。它的核心理念是每个用户都是等价的，每个用户都可以自由地控制自己的资源，而不受任何中心机构的控制。去中心化的优势在于，它可以有效地降低交易成本，提高交易效率，并且可以有效地抵抗各种攻击。

可信网络是一种基于区块链技术的分布式网络，其中每个节点都可以相互信任。它的优势在于，它可以提供一个安全可靠的环境，可以有效地防止数据被篡改，保护数据的完整性和安全性。此外，它还可以提供高效的网络管理，支持多种应用，并且可以支持大规模的用户。

智能合约是一种基于区块链技术的自动执行协议，它可以自动执行约定的条款，无需人为干预。它的优势在于，它可以自动完成合同的执行，可以有效地降低交易成本，提高交易效率，并且可以大大减少合同纠纷。此外，它还可以支持多种应用，比如智能交易、智能投资等。

总而言之，当区块链遇上爆火出圈的ChatGPT时，我们应该关注去中心化、可信网络和智能合约这三个关键词，它们可以有效地降低交易成本，提高交易效率，支持多种应用，保护数据的完整性和安全性，并且可以有效地抵抗各种攻击。
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⑴ Blockchain technology combined with BIM lightweight can improve the quality and efficiency of the entire construction process

The informatization of the construction industry is an important part of the development strategy of the construction industry. It is an inevitable requirement for the industry to transform its development mode, improve quality and efficiency, save energy and reduce emissions, which is of great significance to the green development of the construction industry and improving the quality of people's lives.

On July 3, 2020, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, in accelerating the upgrading of construction industrialization, requested to accelerate the coordinated development of new generation information technology and construction industrialization technology , increase the integration and innovative application of new technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), the Internet, the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, mobile communications, artificial intelligence, and blockchain throughout the entire construction process.

In recent years, BIM models have become increasingly widely used in the construction industry, but collaboration still exists in practical applications. Problems include low credibility, low information transmission efficiency, low data storage security, and inability to interoperate engineering quantity data.

Blockchain technology has the characteristics of distributed storage, anti-tampering, decentralization, etc., and can achieve close collaboration between various units and solve cross-border problems. Dilemmas of organizational collaboration.

In the engineering and construction industry, the effective combination of blockchain technology and BIM technology can make the entire process management and settlement more intuitive and efficient.

Transparent Construction provides project managers/supervisors with "work certificate+" based on blockchain technology "Real-scene supervision + BIM" transparent and trustworthy engineering command system improves management efficiency and meets regulatory requirements.

Transparent construction is based on the decentralized and distributed ledger characteristics of blockchain technology. Units are integrated into the system, information silos are broken down, and trusted collaboration is established.

Transparent construction associates construction process information with BIM models in real time. BIM engineers can continuously improve the model during transparent construction, work collaboratively, and transparently share engineering construction information with all parties in the project in real time.

Transparent construction forms a virtuous closed loop through fully transparent process collaboration and efficient BIM collaboration. "Blockchain + BIM" makes the construction process highly visible, provides supervision services for project management, and improves efficiency in engineering construction.

During the project construction process, the BIM model can be regarded as a contract element between the parties involved in the project, that is, the actual The construction of the building needs to be consistent with the BIM design model.

The construction process deviates from the BIM model:

The construction party or supervision unit can require the construction party to stop construction and make rectifications according to the original design of the BIM model and repair.

There are conflicts or errors in the BIM model:

The construction party can propose changes and confirm them by re-improving the BIM model.

Each participating unit can record the progress, quality and safety issues, process inspections and various inspections of the construction site in real time through the mobile terminal, and associate them with In the module corresponding to the BIM model.

Transparent construction of "blockchain + BIM" makes progress updates transparent and the growth of the building visible. Let all participating parties have a clear understanding of the project progress and improve the quality of management.

During the project construction process, each participating party will generate a variety of independent data and collaborative data. Transparent Construction integrates and analyzes these data from multiple dimensions such as "progress, quality, safety, cost, environmental protection, and low carbon" to provide project management/supervisors with an information model + real-life process tracking engineering command system to facilitate project management. Command and Control.

Project command screen

In addition, transparent construction makes the construction process possible. Information data is collected and statistically analyzed to form digital value and data assets to help participating companies enjoy inclusive financial services.

The builder/supervisor can trace specific issues through the BIM model and compare the actual construction situation with the BIM model. Model comparison and quick verification.

The system will provide early warnings for conflict problems, speed up the efficiency of problem rectification, and improve the overall project construction efficiency.

Transparent construction integrates advanced technologies such as on-site monitoring, VR, and drone aerial photography to enhance collaboration among all parties. Efficiency, visual management of on-site quality and safety.

The heads of each participating unit use the lightweight BIM function of the transparent construction system to conduct in-depth process collaboration, allowing everyone to All data transactions are confirmed on the chain.

Transparent construction provides the person in charge with a visualized BIM model. Data such as phased project quantities and material cutting tracking can be viewed in the system, and the project can be set up. Key milestones in the construction process, assisting owners to efficiently manage project node budgets.

Anchor

Set

By setting milestones Associated with the BIM model, a series of "smart contracts" are formed. Scenario certificates, safety quality records, project documents, image progress and other process data published in the system can all become the basis for transparent settlement of project quantities.

⑵ "Blockchain" meets "Pipe Gallery Robot"

8 On the morning of March 31, the launch ceremony of the "blockchain + pipe gallery robot" intelligent inspection and monitoring system of Fengxi New Town in Xixian New District was held at the smart pipe gallery control center, marking the start of the artificial intelligence 2.0 era for the new city's comprehensive pipe gallery.

At the ceremony, the person in charge of the investment company introduced the "blockchain + pipe gallery robot" intelligent inspection and monitoring system. Yang Jianzhu, chairman of the group company, and general manager Jiang Qinfa unveiled the new operating robot and then visited the Xincheng Smart Pipeline Control Center.

The two inspection robots and two fire-fighting robots unveiled this time use blockchain technology to decentralize, information cannot be tampered with, and data Natural advantages such as openness, transparency and traceability demonstrate three important application scenarios in the operation and maintenance process.

•Decentralization: When the central server is paralyzed, the inspection robot and the fire-extinguishing robot trigger the smart contract and reach a consensus decision, so that the fire can be discovered and effectively eliminated in the shortest time.

•Information cannot be tampered with: Once the data on the chain is generated, each node will share and copy the information on the entire chain. Modifying the data of any node is Invalid to ensure data security and reliability.

•Data is open, transparent and traceable: "GIS+BIM" data based on blockchain architecture is shared with planning departments, pipe gallery companies, and pipeline usersOn the alliance chain composed of , conservation units, etc., members can obtain any information on the chain at any time. Therefore, the pipeline entry procedure was shortened from 30 days to 1 day, which greatly saved various costs.

The upgraded pipe gallery robot also has automatic charging and swapping, intelligent track changing, and turning and climbing. , intelligent fire extinguishing, mobile management and other functions.

It is reported that the Fengxi New Town robot inspection and monitoring system has been successfully operated in the jurisdiction for three years, and is in intelligent monitoring , artificial intelligence and three-dimensional BIM imaging have reached the domestic leading level. At the same time, a three-dimensional underground pipe network application system integrating robots, intelligent manhole covers, fire protection systems, data service engines, etc. has also been built to greatly improve the level of intelligent operation and maintenance of pipe corridors.

In the future, the construction of smart pipe corridors will gradually realize the digitization of global assets, and may give rise to new industrial formats such as pipe corridor small logistics and pipe corridor big data.

According to relevant industry experts, it is the first time in the world that blockchain technology has been applied to a pipe corridor robot intelligent inspection and monitoring system.

Fengxi New City insists on deploying innovation chains around the industrial chain and arranging the industrial chain around the innovation chain, giving full play to the role of blockchain as an important engine of the industrial wave, and actively exploring the use of blockchain technology in integrated pipe gallery operation and maintenance management. Medium-depth application to promote the integrated development of blockchain and real economy.

⑶ Explain blockchain in vernacular

img src=' https://p26 . toutiaoimg.com/large/39b 70000088 e 51 B3 c 258 ' /

Recently, various ICO financial scams have been blocked in China, but this does not hinder the vigorous development of blockchain technology. After all, technology is innocent and can bring benefits to people. As for how to use it, it depends on people to operate it. If the operation is good, you can recommend development. If the operation is not good, it is like the major ICO projects. Find some knowledge for Internet celebrities to conduct so-called illegal fund-raising and financial fraud.

After talking for a long time, what is blockchain? When it comes to blockchain, the first thing that comes to mind for many people is Bitcoin. We need to solve a problem. Bitcoin is a blockchain, but blockchain is not Bitcoin. Simply put, blockchain is distributed ledger technology (DLT), not a token. It has many characteristics, such as decentralization, traceability, and difficulty in tampering.

(1) Blockchain is a distributed database

First of all, this is a decentralized distributed architecture system. Therefore, having only one central server or node is not called a blockchain. For example, if you go to Taobao to buy a mobile phone,You and the seller are strangers and have no basis for trust. If you give the money to the seller first, the seller may block you by not delivering the goods, and then your mobile phone money will be gone. If the seller ships first, do you pay? It is possible that you do not pay the seller after receiving the goods, and one party may lose money anyway. At this time, a third-party guarantee is needed to solve the trust problem. Just like Alipay now, you give money to Alipay and the seller will deliver the goods. When you receive the goods, the seller will receive the money.

The above example is a centralized system because all guarantee work is handled by Bora, a third-party payment company. Suppose one day Alipay wants to tamper with data, neither buyers nor sellers can do anything because all authority is in the hands of one company.

At this time, a distributed database is needed. This third party is no longer Alipay, but thousands of monitors. When you buy a mobile phone on Taobao, you will shout to everyone that I am going to XXX to buy a mobile phone, and I paid XXX yuan. The other person will yell like everyone else. I collected XXX’s mobile phone bill and sent it over. In this way, everyone knows about this transaction and everyone is recording this transaction, so it is useless if one or two nodes have problems or malicious behavior, because most nodes have recorded this matter.

(B) Blockchain uses encryption technology to ensure data security

There are two important points here: 1. Crypto-enabled hash function 2. Asymmetric encryption.

If you are interested in specific concepts, you can go online, but people without basic knowledge may not be able to understand it, because these two points are too professional. In fact, if you only know the use of blockchain, you don’t need to have an in-depth understanding of it. It is also a technical concept. All you need to know is that blockchain relies on these technical points to ensure data security and is not easily tampered with. Of course, many people say that these two points can guarantee 100% non-tampering. I want to be a little conservative here. As an author who works in the security industry, I have always been skeptical about 100% security, so it may be more appropriate to call it difficult to be tampered with.

I will briefly introduce these two concepts and try to explain them clearly in plain English.

1. Cryptographic Hash Function

This is mainly used to verify the integrity of information. For example, I sent a message to the company leader saying that I was sick on Friday and needed to take a day off. At this time, a hash value will be generated based on the message I sent, such as: 123456. At this point, when the leader receives this message, a hash value is also generated. Because the content of the message I sent has not changed (it has not been tampered with), the hash value remains unchanged, still: 123456. This is if someone wants to tamper with this news and get sick on Friday and need to take a year off. At this time, the hash value will change, such as: 123489. That's when we learned our information had been tampered with.

2. Asymmetric encryption

It is mainly used for information encryption and authentication. It is actually two keys, one is called the public key and the other is called the private key. Public key encryption, private key decryption.

A public key is a key that everyone has. You own it, I own it. We can all use thisIt is encrypted with a key, but it must be decrypted with my private key when decrypting. If you don't have my private key, you can't decrypt it.

(C) The blockchain uses a consensus algorithm to reach consensus on new data.

The role of the consensus algorithm is to enable all nodes to reach a consensus on the new block. In other words, everyone must approve the new block.

For a centralized deployment system, this is simple, everything is controlled by the center, but in the distributed system of the blockchain, it is very complicated. For example, there are three nodes. A said he bought a mobile phone from XXX store and paid for it, B said he didn’t pay, and C said he didn’t pay enough. Then who do you listen to? What's more, blockchain technology is not as simple as three nodes, but a huge distributed system.

This is when a solution is needed. There is a corresponding problem in computer science called the "Byzantine Universal Problem" or "Byzantine Fault Tolerance" (BFT). This question was raised not because of Bitcoin, but because of a special background.

Early aircraft had three independent control systems. Why do we need three independent control systems? For example, in an emergency, there is a plane opposite. How to judge whether you should hide? If there is only one system, there is no choice, which is equivalent to centralized deployment. If the system breaks, you're dead. What if one of the two systems breaks? The good ones are said to hide, and the bad ones are said not to hide. The computer cannot judge the final result. Therefore, three independent systems are needed to support it, and the probability of two total failures is still very small. But this only takes into account injuries. What should I do if there is a malicious system? Is three enough? The answer is no, we need four systems to maintain consensus.

The use of blockchain is similar, because it is supported by a huge number of nodes, and each node is an independent system without interfering with each other. We can assume that the number of failed nodes and malicious nodes is limited, so it will not cause abnormal consistency of data.

Related questions and answers: What is blockchain? What is the use?

Blockchain is a new computing paradigm and distributed infrastructure that uses fast chain data structures, distributed node consensus algorithms, cryptography and smart contracts based on automated script codes to produce, verify, store and transmit data. It can also be said that blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that can provide a decentralized trust mechanism in a non-trust environment, allowing multi-party participants to conduct secure and trust-based transactions without intermediaries.

The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization. It can realize decentralized credit-based transactions in a distributed system where nodes do not need to trust each other by using data encryption, timestamps, distributed consensus and economic incentives. Point-to-point transactions, coordination and collaboration provide solutions to the common problems of high cost, low efficiency and insecure data storage in centralized institutions.

The fields of use of blockchain include digital currency, certificates, finance, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. With the popularity of blockchain and Bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered. It has had a relatively large impact on the domain name industry.

Related Q&A: Can you help me explain it in an easy-to-understand way?Explain what is blockchain?

Er Gazi is my friend since we were young, and we were naked in Hegou together. Later, I came to the city to study and work, and lived a life as a drifter in the north; he farmed at home and did some small business, and now he has a son and a daughter, and his life is safe. He envied my so-called "seen the world", and I envied his simple life without the pressure of mortgage loans. We have completely different and mutually enviable lives??

That day, Ga Zi came to me on WeChat and asked "District" What is a blockchain?" I was stunned for a moment, how could this idiot care about such an avant-garde word? I pretended to be calm and prepared to talk about the technical principles bit by bit, but I could see the confused expression of that idiot through the screen of my mobile phone. How to explain "what is blockchain" to people who have a little bit of Internet concepts and technical foundation? This seems to be a very thorny problem??

The village commissary interprets the core of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)

The core essence of blockchain is "decentralization", and almost all operating modes of blockchain operate around the concept of "decentralization". Once you understand what "decentralization" is, you can basically explain the question "what is a blockchain?" For Erga, of course, he must perform a version that he can understand.

“I said, Gazi, are you still open that canteen at the east end of the village?” Gazi answered yes. I decided to use this canteen as an example to explain the actual use of blockchain in modern business and financial models. Scenario, so that he can better understand what blockchain is.

"Are there still many villagers who take credit now? By the end of the year, some of the accounts will not be remembered clearly, and there are still many defaulters or those who refuse to accept their accounts?" At this point, Ergazi got emotional and kept complaining. Nowadays, people's hearts are not as old as before, and business is difficult to do!

"In the past, the operation model of your canteen was a typical centralized one. You granted credit to the villagers and allowed them to take accounts on credit. All accounting was done directly through you and our villagers. You were the center of all accounting affairs." Ergazi said I understand, let me continue.

I said: "If you fail one day, then all the accounts will become dead debts? It will be difficult to get back the IOUs written in black and white, let alone those who remember the accounts verbally, but the block The decentralization of the chain can solve this problem very well. As long as the earth still exists, the blockchain will remember that every account will exist forever." Erga became more energetic after hearing this.

The essence of blockchain is “decentralization”

“The essence of blockchain is decentralization. Once someone takes credit from you, all the neighbors in the village will help you keep accounts. Because of the accounting There are many nodes, and it is neither easy to make mistakes nor others to default on the debt, so everyone reaches a consensus. If someone maliciously fails to pay back the debt, the whole village will know his character, and no one will be willing to have financial transactions with him in the future? ?"

At this point, Gazi was obviously a little excited. It seemed that he was really worried about the credit issue. Seeing Ga Zi’s interest, I also felt a small sense of accomplishment, and continued: “Of course, the above is just an analogy. In fact, the blockchain does not really allow the villagers to get paper and pen to help you keep accounts.Completed through the Internet and computer networking. "

At this time, Gazi was a little confused and asked: "Then what others bought from me, wouldn't everyone in the village know it? Then who would buy things from me? There is really no privacy at all. And you don’t have time to keep accounts here. Last year’s accounts are said to be this year’s. What if you keep procrastinating? "

"Okay, Gazi, your question is on point. "It seems that Gazi is not stupid at all, and he is very shrewd in doing business. I continued to explain: "So, the recording and transmission of this information are all done through encryption. What you see is a picture of numbers and English. String, and each account has a timestamp to record the time of occurrence, which cannot be relied on. "

Gazi had another question: "Is it possible that the people who owe the debt have a good relationship with the villagers, and they join forces to tamper with the accounting? Then you won’t be able to explain clearly at that time??”

“Gazi, that’s all you have, haha. "I understood Gazi's concerns and continued to explain: "The mechanism of the blockchain requires more than 51% of people to agree to tamper with a bill. Everyone has a degree of closeness and distance between them, and it is impossible for everyone to favor the same person. If it were a computer, more than half of the computers on the entire network would need to recalculate. This project would be so huge that it would be almost impossible to complete."

In this way, through the actual situation of the canteen and combined with some scenes in life, Gazi understood What is in the blockchain: decentralization, distributed accounting, consensus mechanism, encryption mechanism, timestamp, and the characteristics of being difficult to tamper with.

Ergazi was silent for a moment, seeming to be digesting the example I just gave him. I don’t know how much he can understand the example. Not long after, he sent me a voice message on WeChat: “What does blockchain mean? In the past, when I bought goods online and paid, I had to go through Jack Ma’s house. If there is a blockchain, can we directly trade with the seller? Anyway, the accounting is very safe. "

"Okay, Gazi, it's really clear at first glance. Blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed ledger data cloud. Of course, it can be understood according to your understanding. "I'm very happy that Gazi can roughly appreciate the true charm of the blockchain. Fortunately, my words have not been in vain.

What is Bitcoin? (Picture quoted from the Internet)

"Then Bitcoin What is this thing again? What does it have to do with blockchain? "Gazi asked.

I thought about it briefly and decided to continue to explain to Gazi with the story of the canteen: "In your canteen, the villagers can't keep accounts for you for free all day long. Do you have to carry some during the holidays? This is the reward mechanism of the blockchain, and everyone who participates in bookkeeping may receive rewards. "

"Then what are the rewards based on? There has to be a rule, right? "Gazi asked very puzzled.

I explained: "Zhang San went to your store to borrow a pack of cigarettes on credit, but Li Si knew about it first and kept an account for you first, and then others knew about it. If you keep accounts, Li Si will get a small red flower as a reward~ This small red flower is generated by the blockchain system and has no value in itself, so it does not need you.Pay any cost for this little red flower??"

"Can Bitcoin be spent as money? How is it different from the banknotes we usually spend? "Gazi continued to ask.

"Bitcoin is a digital encrypted virtual currency. In principle, it has no value itself like our banknotes. However, banknotes have a credit guarantee from the state, so they have value. Bitcoin is the value formed by consensus among Bitcoin network users, and it has tradable properties, so it can be used to carry value. "What is said here is a bit profound. I don't know if I can understand it.

I continued to explain: "Banknotes can be printed infinitely. If more are printed, inflation will occur. When we were young, popsicles worth 1 cent were very good. , now you can’t eat with 1 yuan. Of course, there are many factors that affect inflation. The number of Bitcoins is fixed, and there is no possibility of unlimited over-issuance. However, different people have different judgments on their value, and coupled with the influence of supply and demand and investor sentiment, their prices are always fluctuating. ”

What is the difference between Bitcoin price fluctuations and stocks?

“So is speculating in Bitcoin just like speculating in stocks? Can you understand it this way? "Gazi seems to know a lot.

"In fact, there are some similarities, but there are also big differences. "I continued Gazi's topic: "The price of stocks always fluctuates around the valuation of companies, and there is government supervision in the stock market. Bitcoin itself has no value. It is priced entirely based on supply and demand and player valuations. It grows wildly without any government supervision. Therefore, it may have higher risks and higher returns than stocks. "

In the end, Gazi revealed the real purpose of today. He asked me: "Can I invest in blockchain projects? "

Gazi is a typical example of those who don't go to the Three Treasures Hall for anything. Although there is a large circle of people who are involved in both blockchain and Bitcoin, in fact, what he really cares about is "blockchain project investment" Is it reliable? "As soon as these words came out, I was extremely shocked. Now the so-called blockchain investment projects have actually reached fourth- and sixth-tier cities and small towns!

As of now, there are only three types of blockchain investments. Situation: Mining, currency speculation, so-called blockchain projects.

Mining and currency speculation are still the main lines of the blockchain (pictures quoted from the Internet)

The so-called mining means mining by purchasing mining machines, etc. Equipment, mine virtual currency, and then sell and realize it to get returns. You can install the mining machine yourself, or you can find a mining pool to host it, but the core keys to profitability are "computing power" and "power consumption" as well as Investment in equipment. With the sharp drop in the price of virtual currencies and the increase in mining difficulty, the current mining returns of many currencies are very unsatisfactory. Mining is obviously only a very small number of investors who understand technology can play successfully. I My childhood friend Gazi obviously can’t play with it.

As for “coin speculation”, I have just introduced some differences between Bitcoin and stocks in the previous section. In principle, although they are both “buy low and sell high” operations , but there is a huge difference. The average investor cannot determine the value of a virtual currency itself.The price is determined by the relationship between supply and demand, which is somewhat similar to what we often call "market makers". On the other hand, the virtual currency trading market is extremely unstandardized, and fraud and hacker attacks often occur. The risk factor is much greater than investing in stocks. For the safety of my friends' funds, I am one of the ten thousand people who disagree with me and come to "speculate in coins"!

The "September Fourth Movement" stipulated that the issuance of virtual currencies is illegal

In fact, in my opinion, most of the so-called investment projects in the market are essentially "illegal fund-raising" and "pyramid schemes." Some so-called blockchain investment projects attract investors into the circle through various packaging and inflammatory rhetoric, and then create the illusion of profitability by building a software and hardware ecosystem of issuing new coins + mining + currency speculation, and then finally run away. Our country's laws clearly stipulate that the issuance of virtual currencies is illegal.

Illegal pyramid schemes now wear the cloak of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)

And how to identify some pyramid schemes under the guise of blockchain? In fact, these pyramid schemes are also so-called Ponzi schemes, what we people often call "empty gloves." These so-called "direct sales" or "marketing" activities often have no actual products to circulate, and rely more on developing "downline" to ensure top-level profits. With the rise of the concept of blockchain, this MLM model has shown an intensification trend, and it even deceives people under the banner of state support for new technologies.

When Gazi asked, “Can blockchain projects be invested in?”, I realized the seriousness of the problem. Gazi is a typical young man from a small town, and his pursuit is his wife and children. But when faced with the attraction of "wealth", people often do inappropriate things. Mining and currency speculation are simply not suitable for him, let alone blockchain investment projects that are most likely "illegal financing" or "illegal pyramid schemes"!

I quickly dialed Gazi’s phone number and carefully conducted the above analysis??

⑷ Blockchain Graduation Project Proposal

Background of the project research:

With the development of modern technology and information industry, the fourth industrial revolution is beginning to take shape at this stage. The world is about to enter a technological era with new technologies such as the Internet and artificial intelligence as its core. At the same time, blockchain Chain technology emerged as the times require and has become a hot topic of concern to many international governments and industries. Blockchain technology has been regarded as the core technology with the greatest potential to trigger the fifth round of disruptive revolution after steam engines, electricity, information and Internet technology. In the past 10 years, with the strong support of the government and policies, the development situation of my country's philanthropy has been relatively optimistic. However, as the scale of charity continues to develop and expand, my country's public welfare undertakings have gradually revealed some shortcomings. The biggest problems existing in traditional public welfare undertakings are insufficient credibility, imperfect internal management of charitable organizations, and high costs. However, many Internet public welfare service companies are currently actively using the new technology of blockchain to solve this problem. Blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, information traceability and non-tampering, openness and transparency, smart contracts, etc. It can make up for the opaqueness and lack of information in traditional public welfare undertakings.Due to low management efficiency and other shortcomings, the introduction of blockchain technology into public welfare undertakings will bring new development opportunities to the charity industry.

The main content of the research: This topic mainly includes the following three aspects:

[if !supportLists] 1. [endif] Combination of blockchain technology and public welfare Problems that arise and solved.

[if !supportLists] 2. [endif] Make a public welfare query webpage based on blockchain technology

[if !supportLists] 3. [endif] The query system Application issues and explanations

Purpose of the research:

As the scale of my country’s public welfare continues to develop and expand, our shortcomings have also been exposed, including lack of credibility, and charitable organizations There is a lack of management, and the use of blockchain technology can solve this problem. This technology will track and store data and behaviors throughout the donation process, realize the complete disclosure of the public welfare chain, enable donors to effectively supervise, avoid shortcomings such as low efficiency and clear fund flows, control risks for public welfare projects, and improve Credibility and transparency of public welfare projects promote the development and progress of public welfare projects and enhance trust between people. According to the attributes and characteristics of the blockchain system, public welfare enterprises can implement full-cycle tracking, evidence storage and auditing of data and behaviors in the public welfare process, so that all parties involved in public welfare projects can conduct full-process tracking and effective supervision of the project, avoiding Due to the shortcomings of artificially reducing efficiency in public welfare, it provides a rational method for public welfare projects to control risks and judge effects, improve the transparency of public welfare undertakings, and promote the development of public welfare.

Significance of the project research: This project intends to develop an open and transparent system for tracking public welfare donations based on blockchain technology and combined with the actual development of public welfare undertakings in my country. Through in-depth analysis of blockchain technology and charity business, we found that blockchain technology has natural advantages in solving the problem of public welfare transparency. Blockchain technology can be understood as a distributed accounting method that can record all transaction information and ensure that it cannot be tampered with. This determines that wherever justice, fairness, and integrity are required, blockchain has great technology. Room to play. At the same time, the addition of smart contracts directly solves the business problem of earmarked funds.

Eventually, trust between citizens will be enhanced, donation channels will be accelerated, and the development of social donations will be promoted

2. Literature review (current status and development of relevant research at home and abroad Trend)

[if !supportLists] (1) [endif] Current status of foreign blockchain-related industries

China and Europe are gradually occupying the world in blockchain industry policies. The European Union has established the European Blockchain Observation Forum in February 2018. Its main responsibilities include: policy determination, industry-university-research linkage, and cross-border BaaS
< br /> (Blockchain as a Service) service construction, standard open source formulation, etc., the group invested 5 million euros in Horizon2020 as a blockchain research and development fund (before December 19, 2018), and it is expected that within three years (2018-2020) block Investment in the chain will reach 340 million euros. In the United States, due to different policies among states, although blockchain is still a craze among American start-ups, the promotion of industrial policy has been slow. The Middle East, led by Di Pai, is leading the trend of blockchain. The government is taking the lead and enterprises are cooperating to explore new technology applications of blockchain. Japan and South Korea are also relatively active in the Asia-Pacific region. Japan is dominated by NTT and the government provides support. South Korea uses finance as an entry point to explore blockchain applications. Isism is also a constant threat to all areas of Chinese society. A comprehensive review of the development status of new media culture in major foreign developed countries, summarizing experiences, and drawing lessons have certain implications for the development of new media culture in China.

[if !supportLists] (2) [endif] Current status of domestic new media research

The State Council of China issued the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Informatization", Blockchain New technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and machine deep learning have become the focus of the country’s layout. The People's Bank of China issued the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Information Technology in China's Financial Industry", which clearly proposed to actively promote research on the application of new technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence, and organize pilot projects for national digital currencies. In October 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the "White Paper on China's Blockchain Technology and Application Development", which is the first official guidance document for blockchain.

Governments across the country, especially in coastal areas, have established blockchain experimental sites and research institutes. At present, the governments of Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Guiyang and other places are actively establishing blockchain development zones and providing special support policies. China Guangzhou officially released 10 Guangzhou blockchain strategies in December 2017 to create a blockchain enterprise technology innovation zone in Huangpu District and Development Zone. In March 2018, the Shenzhen Municipal Economic, Trade and Information Commission issued the "Notice of the Municipal Economic, Trade and Information Commission on Organizing and Implementing the Second Batch of Support Plan for the New Generation Information Technology and Information Security Transformation of Shenzhen's Strategic Emerging Industries in 2018". The district Blockchain is on the list of support directions. This is the fifth local government in China to introduce support policies for blockchain after Guangzhou, Guiyang, and Gehangzhou.

(3) Current status of blockchain in the open source field

Hyperledger

Hyperledger is an open source project launched by the Linux Foundation in 2015 to promote blockchain digital technology and transaction verification. It has attracted investors including IBM, Intel, Fujitsu, UPS, Cisco, Huawei, Redhat, Oracle, Samsung, Tencent Cloud, Internet Finance and many other companies have participated. Currently, there are more than 200 member units. Bran Behlendorf, founder of the Aache Foundation, serves as the executive director of the ledger project.

The goal of the Hyperledger project is to allow members to work together to build an open platform to meet user cases from many different industries and simplify business processes. Process Ledger has multiple blockchain platform projects, including the Fabric project contributed by BIM, the Sawtooth project contributed by Intel, and Iroha, Burrow, Indy, etc.

The development status of blockchain in the field of standards

ITU-T

ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union Standardization Organization) from 2016 to 2017 At the beginning of the year, SG16 (Study Group), SG17 and SG20 respectively launched research on the overall needs and security of distributed ledgers to attract application in the Internet of Things. Established three focus groups (Focus Group on Distributed Ledger (FG DLT), Focus Group on Data Processing and Management (FG DPM), and Focus Group on Fiat Digital Currency (FG DFC)), focusing on blockchain and distributed ledger respectively. Technology application and service research, establishing a trustworthy Internet of Things and smart city data management framework based on blockchain, and carrying out standardization work on blockchain applications based on digital currency. Huawei serves as the chairman of the Architecture Group of the Focus Group on Distributed Ledgers (FG DLT) and the Blockchain Group of the Focus Group on Data Processing and Management (FGDPM).

Two committees of CCSA (China Communications Standards Association) have established subgroups and projects respectively:

CCSA TC10 (Internet of Things Technical Working Committee) Established in October 2017, the Internet of Things Blockchain Subgroup: Responsible for the application research and standardization of blockchain technology in the Internet of Things and its covered areas such as smart cities, Internet of Vehicles, edge computing, Internet of Things big data, Internet of Things industry applications, logistics and intelligent manufacturing, and is led by China China Unicom technical experts serve as team leaders, and Huawei technical experts serve as deputy team leaders.

The Blockchain and Big Data Working Group under CCSA TC1 (Internet and Application Technology Working Committee) completed two blockchain industry standards: "Blockchain:Part 1: Overall Technical Requirements for Blockchain" and "Blockchain: Part 2 Evaluation Indicators and Methods", in which Huawei actively participated.

JPEG

During the 78th JPEG Conference in February 2018, the JPEG Committee organized a special session on blockchain and distributed ledger technology and their impact on the JPEG standard. Meeting. Taking into account the potential impact of technologies such as blockchain and distributed ledgers on future multimedia, the committee decided to establish an ad hoc group to explore use cases and standardization needs related to blockchain technology in a multimedia environment, with a focus on imaging and multimedia applications. standardization work.

IETF

The "Decentralized Internet Infrastructure ProposedRG

(Research Group) was established at the IETF99 meeting in June 2017, planning to study the blockchain architecture. and corresponding standards. In 2018, IETF will likely pay more attention to the implementation and development of blockchain interconnection standards on blockchain.



3. Proposed research methods (programs, technical routes, etc.) and feasibility studies

This topic mainly studies the application of blockchain technology to charitable donations. Research methods adopted:

1. Use literature methods to collect relevant theories, use information retrieval, screening and other methods to collect literature materials and related theories, understand the current situation of blockchain technology, and master blockchain decentralization technology.
< br /> 2. Use a method that combines theory and practice to combine the technology with public welfare. Complete the improvement of the system.

3. Use the method of comparative analysis to learn from two domestic and foreign Discuss the current development status of new media operations, as well as existing problems in the development of new media operation models in my country, and look forward to the development prospects of this technology field.

Feasibility demonstration:

1. Technical feasibility, the research goals involved in this topic, already have considerable theoretical foundations at home and abroad. Through literature survey, we can learn about actual, reliable and useful information data, and the actual requirements are not difficult.

2. Economic feasibility. The research on this topic can be accessed through the Internet and libraries. It is convenient and feasible and does not require a lot of economic consumption. Therefore, from an economic point of view, it is completely feasible.

3. Operational feasibility. This topic requires the combination of blockchain technology and public welfare, especially the tracing of applications in these aspects. Graduation projects on this topicThrough the comprehensive analysis of the design system, through the study of existing literature and the study of existing information documents, you can use the data you collected to organize and analyze, apply what you have learned, and complete this project completely. From an operability point of view, it is completely feasible.

4. Expected results (or expected results)

1. Through research on the data, clarify the relevant concepts of blockchain technology, skillfully use dapp, and create a web page.

2. Through distributed applications, creating a system that allows the public to quickly browse and understand the public welfare process will increase convenience for the further development of my country's public welfare undertakings.

3. I hope that I can continue to learn and make progress from the process of writing this paper. Being able to master the relevant knowledge of blockchain will be helpful to your future career.

⑸ BIM+blockchain makes urban construction smarter

In this article, we talk about the combination and application of blockchain and the construction industry.

Before starting the text, let me first explain the concept of BIM.

BIM (Building Information Modeling) Building information modeling. The U.S. National BIM Standard explains BIM as follows:

(1) Use digital methods to express the physical and functional characteristics of a facility.

(2) A shared knowledge resource.

(3) The process of sharing information related to this facility and providing reliable basis for all countermeasures throughout the life cycle of the facility.

(4) In different stages of the construction project, each participant embeds, extracts, updates and modifies information in the information model to support and reflect the collaborative work of their respective responsibilities.

The construction industry is one of the largest industries in the world today and will remain a key driver of world economic growth in the future.

The construction industry plays an important role in my country's national economy. According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, my country's GDP in 2020 was 101 trillion yuan, of which the total output value of the construction industry was 26 trillion yuan, accounting for more than 25%.

The construction industry is an ancient industry. As early as 2,000 years ago, the ancients built magnificent projects such as the Great Wall and the pyramids of ancient Egypt. However, since its development, the overall management level and efficiency of the construction industry are still very low. The main reasons can probably be attributed to the following five points:

1) The one-time nature of the project;

2) The looseness and temporary nature of the organization;

3) ManagementFragmentation;

4) Diverse and inefficient cooperation;

5) Non-standardization and non-industrialization of the production process.

The problems caused by the above reasons are also obvious:

1) Lack of trust. Due to the one-time nature of the project, the temporary nature of the organization, and the multi-party nature of cooperation, trust is inevitable Missing.

2) Low efficiency. Due to the loose and temporary nature of the organization, the non-standardization and non-industrialization of the production process, high consumption and low efficiency, the average profit level of construction companies in the entire construction industry is only about 3%

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3) Risk controllability is weak. Due to the lack of a systematic standardized management system and fragmented management, project delays, design changes, and cost claims are inevitable for almost every project.

Domestic building informatization has gone through three stages and is currently in the third stage:

The first stage: design informatization, The "off the drawing board" project in the 1990s promoted the popularization of domestic CAD technology applications;

The second stage: enterprise information management, in 2005 computer-aided management problem solving realized the informatization of project and enterprise management;

The third stage: full life cycle informatization. In 2015, the application of BIM technology assisted the integration of full life cycle information in the construction industry.

1. Why should BIM be implemented in the construction field?

The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has a detailed explanation of the significance of BIM application in the "Notice of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on Issuing Guidance Opinions on Promoting the Application of Building Information Models". The guidance points out that: BIM must serve the industry chain and industrialized construction. and provide technical support for prosperous architectural creation. In other words, BIM is the technical foundation for the industrial transformation of the construction industry.

2. What can BIM do specifically?

1) Realize data sharing among all participants in the whole life cycle of the building based on the same multi-dimensional building information model;

2) Support the engineering environment, energy consumption, economy, quality, Analysis, inspection and simulation of safety and other aspects;

3) Provide a basis for program optimization and scientific decision-making in the entire project process;

4) Support the collaborative work of various disciplines and the virtualization of the project Construction and refined management.

3. The significance of industrialization of construction

1) Industrially produced materials and prefabricated construction methods are easier to form a set ofStandardized systems to ensure product quality;

2) Most components of prefabricated buildings are completed in factories, and the overall delivery is 30% to 50% faster than traditional buildings;

3) Assembly Prefabricated construction sites mainly use dry methods, which can effectively reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution, and are low-carbon and environmentally friendly;

4) Prefabricated buildings can also be reused due to their detachable characteristics;

5) For now, the space for reducing the cost of prefabricated construction is much higher than that of traditional buildings. The later operation and maintenance costs are lower, and the whole life cycle has greater cost advantages.

The transformation of construction industrialization has become a national strategy

In recent years, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and other departments have successively introduced a number of important policies to promote the industrialization, digitalization, green construction, and intelligent construction of the construction industry.

In March 2021, the State Council issued the "Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan and Long-term Goals for 2035". The outline clearly proposes to develop intelligent construction, promote green building materials, prefabricated buildings and steel structure residences, and build low-cost Development goals of carbon cities.

4. The importance of BIM digitalization in the construction industry

Vigorously develop the industrialization, digitalization, and intelligent upgrading of construction, increase the application of intelligent construction in all aspects of engineering construction, and realize the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry It is the strategic goal of the construction industry and even the country in the past 10 to 20 years. Therefore, BIM digital technology will play a fundamental and important role in the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry.

The direction of construction industrialization transformation is standardization + factoryization + assembly. BIM solves the digital integration and visualization problems in this process.

Although BIM is an indispensable technology in the industrial transformation process of the construction industry, it cannot effectively solve the problems of production relations, such as trust and efficiency between collaborative parties, and fragmented management under complex systems. And other issues.

Solving trust, collaboration, efficiency, and fragmented management under complex systems are precisely the natural advantages of blockchain technology, and can well complement BIM technology.

Therefore we say: Industrialized production (BIM support) + digital collaboration (blockchain support) + big data decision-making (AI technology) = smart construction

We consider the entire life cycle of the building It is divided into three stages: planning and design, construction, and operation and maintenance to illustrate.

1. Planning and design stage

Cross-department collaborative approval will be the main scenario for the application of blockchain technology.

The planning and design stage is characterized by multiple administrative supervision roles and collaborative approvalThere are many procedures, and the decentralized features of blockchain technology are exactly suitable for such scenarios and can greatly improve the efficiency of collaborative approval (many governments have started pilot projects of blockchain government approval systems).

We assume that the regulatory units in the planning and design stage include the National Development and Reform Commission, Land and Resources, Transportation, Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Water Conservancy, etc. In addition, relevant units include construction units, planning and design and other consulting units, and they all have their names on the blockchain. Each node has its own information management system.

When the consulting unit creates the first-stage BIM conceptual model (for example, suitable for project proposals), and loads various economic indicators such as GIS information, scale, land occupation, and cost, the model data is uploaded to the area. Blockchain.

After the BIM conceptual model and project proposal are confirmed by the construction unit, the construction unit will initiate the approval procedures with the National Development and Reform Commission, and the blockchain smart contract will automatically initiate all review processes.

The National Development and Reform Commission accesses the BIM conceptual model on the blockchain through the key, loads the BIM model and GIS information of the surrounding infrastructure when necessary, analyzes whether the project complies with the urban development master plan and the feasibility of the project, and will approve it The results are uploaded to the blockchain, and the smart contract automatically sends the data file of the approval results back to the construction unit.

Similarly, the construction unit starts the land pre-examination related procedures, the smart contract is activated, and the land department accesses the BIM land occupation model on the blockchain through the key, conducts the review, and uploads the approval results to the blockchain. The smart contract sends the data file of the approval result back to the construction unit.

At the same time, any regulatory department can use the key to verify the authenticity of the approval results of the National Development and Reform Commission, Land and Resources and other departments.

As the subsequent feasibility study, preliminary design, and construction drawing design continue to improve the model, the National Development and Reform Commission, land, transportation, housing and construction and other industry regulatory authorities can access the project on the blockchain through the key at any time BIM model data can be used to monitor projects in real time for irregular design and construction.

All approval processes run automatically online, but they are no longer based on a centralized platform, but on decentralized blockchain technology, which can effectively reduce collaboration costs and improve collaboration efficiency. and ensure data privacy and security.

2. Construction stage

Similarly, we assume that construction units, supervision units and other third-party consulting agencies also have their own nodes on the blockchain and their own information systems. , then they can all access the BIM model data of the project on the blockchain through the key.

We simply divide the construction process into planning, procurement, production, acceptance, and payment. And it is assumed that the model and the WBS decomposition structure of the construction stage are in one-to-one correspondence.

· Planning link:

The contractor can prepare the plan through the Office series of Project software, or the domestic Glodon Zebra, and import the plan data file into the BIM model on the blockchain. The BIM model will have 4D progress visualization. Attributes (such as those displayed by InfraWorks of the Autodesk series), and the data can also include plans such as resources and funds. All participating parties can simultaneously carry out project management based on the BIM model.

· Procurement link:

The construction industry has a highly decentralized and complex supply chain system. The cooperation between suppliers and contractors may be temporary or one-time, so trust is relatively low. Difficult to establish, low collaboration efficiency.

Let’s first talk about how blockchain solves the trust problem in transactions.

Blockchain uses smart contracts to complete transactions. For example, for the buyer, before the transaction, the smart contract first detects whether the balance of the buyer's digital wallet (central bank digital renminbi) (or bank credit or guarantee limit) is satisfied. If the transaction object is satisfied, it will be locked. When the buyer accepts and signs for the seller's goods, the smart contract will automatically transfer the locked digital renminbi point-to-point to the seller's digital wallet.

Therefore, what the blockchain solves is not the problem of mutual trust between buyers and sellers, but trust is no longer a problem.

Sand and gravel materials are used in large quantities in construction projects, and are purchased frequently and from scattered sources. They are one of the most difficult materials to control in the building materials supply chain.

We assume that the contractor has installed a camera in the silo. The contractor's procurement system detects through the camera that the remaining material in the silo is lower than a predetermined threshold (computer vision recognition technology), and the system calls the planning data (Project If the data imported from the BIM model is found to be greater than the total capacity of the silo, the smart contract will be started to automatically complete the sand and gravel order, and the lowest price can even be selected from multiple suppliers.

Sand and gravel suppliers do not need to join any system. They only need to create their own accounts on the blockchain node to complete automated transaction collaboration with contractors.

During the transportation process, the supplier uploads the GPS location of the transportation vehicle or ship to the blockchain in real time through IOT hardware. The contractor's procurement system can track the location of the goods in real time through the key. The system can Analyze (search algorithm) whether the material delivery time has an impact on the production plan, so that the smart contract can be restarted for remediation.

The purchase batch and arrival time of each batch of materials can be written into the corresponding location of the BIM model and written into the blockchain ledger. The smart contract will remind the supervision unit to organize acceptance or acceptance according to the batch of materials arriving. Test and inspection work.

The system can put the project managerGet freed from complicated orders, inquiries, and accounting processing, and better invest in more important matters.

· Production link:

The production process is inevitably inseparable from people and equipment.

An inevitable result of industrialization is the improvement of efficiency and quality, and the process behavior quality of people and equipment will determine the formation process of product quality.

Therefore, the result-oriented construction process management in the past must turn to the industrial process-oriented construction management. So which teams will produce each sub-project, and the construction cooperation for each group of concrete The parameters are monitored in real time (IOT hardware) and written to the corresponding location of the BIM model. At the same time, these data are written into the blockchain ledger, which is permanently saved and cannot be tampered with. All data in the production process should be authentic and credible.

We assume that large structures are installed by hoisting equipment. We also assume that if it is not suitable for hoisting operations in heavy rain or wind exceeding level 6, then the hoisting equipment will sense the situation through IOT hardware (or network communication). After this extreme state, the blockchain smart contract will remind on-site managers to restore the equipment to a safe state until the dangerous state is relieved.

The fuel consumption and electricity consumption of each equipment during the production process will be monitored through IOT hardware, and these data will be written into the blockchain ledger.

The blockchain smart contract automatically calculates carbon emission indicators for energy consumption (GBT 51366-2019). Once it is found that carbon emissions exceed the approved indicators, new indicators are automatically purchased in the carbon trading market.

The IOT hardware on all the production equipment mentioned above does not need to be connected to the systems of the participating parties. The participating parties only need to access the data through the keys of the equipment. Perhaps this key is designed by the device developer into a client (such as an APP), then all parties involved only need to install a client to access all data generated by the device.

· Acceptance link

We assume that the strength of the concrete construction is determined by the test equipment (IOT hardware) writing the data directly to the location corresponding to the BIM model and writing it to the blockchain ledger.

The appearance dimensions and number of steel bars of the construction may be generated by using 3D laser scanning equipment to generate point clouds and compared with the BIM design model. The percentage of honeycomb pitted surface and the acceptance accuracy can be accurately calculated according to the quality inspection and assessment standards. The accuracy, which is much higher than manual calculation, is written into the corresponding location of the BIM model and the blockchain ledger.

All personnel and data participating in the acceptance are written into the blockchain ledger and stored permanently and cannot be tampered with.

If a quality problem occurs, the ledger record on the blockchain is like a chronological orderThe running account can be traced back from the current record to the current record. Who checked and accepted it? Who made it? Who transported it? Who purchased it? It’s clear who supplied it.

· Payment stage:

With the official issuance of digital renminbi and support for programmability, when digital renminbi enters the field of project payment, it can be said that every project payment The destination has been basically fixed and can be tracked on the blockchain, making it impossible for project funds to be misappropriated. Then when the quality of the project passes the acceptance inspection and meets the conditions set by the smart contract, the point-to-point payment operation of the smart contract will be automatically triggered. No longer going through banks, it can also reduce the company's financial costs.

Therefore, according to the provisions of the capital construction procedures, projects that have not yet been funded in the future will inevitably not receive approval to start construction. For projects that have obtained approval to start construction, contractors, professional subcontractors, material suppliers and even labor personnel will no longer be able to No need to worry about defaulting on project payment.

When the BIM model is anchored to the physical building and turned into a digital asset, the ownership of the digital asset can flow on the blockchain.

Let’s assume that the ownership of a physical engineering component is temporarily retained in the hands of the contractor before the owner has paid the project fee. When a contractor encounters financial difficulties, it happens that the BIM digital assets on the blockchain (anchored (physical engineering components) to prove a certain future income (a project payment paid by the owner in the future), then the contractor can completely mortgage the ownership of this part of the digital asset, and the smart contract can lock the project payment paid by the future owner. The amount is used by the contractor to redeem the ownership of the digital asset.

3. Operation and maintenance phase

A good scenario in the operation and maintenance phase is the intelligent interaction between devices.

We assume that an unmanned patrol car discovers a defect in the asphalt pavement on the highway through the computer vision recognition system, triggers a smart contract to start another asphalt pavement maintenance vehicle, and this maintenance vehicle also uses smart The contract automatically places an order to purchase the required asphalt mixture repair materials, and automatically drives to the defective location to complete the repair, with little or no human intervention in the process.

In summary, blockchain technology + BIM can better realize smart construction. In turn, the BIM model can be used as a data dashboard for blockchain technology. With the continuous emergence of IOT hardware ( Especially in the operation and maintenance stage), with the continuous filling of data, the continuous refreshing of models, the dimensions becoming more and more full, what you see is what you get, blockchain + BIM will become a smarter smart construction decision-making system.

In the article, we listed some applications in the three stages of planning, design, construction, and operation and maintenance. However, the actual applicationThere are far more usage scenarios than these examples, and these examples only serve as a point-to-point discussion.

All the technologies mentioned in the article are existing or already implemented functions (such as blockchain government systems, supply chain tracking, quality traceability, etc.). What is lacking is just the integration of these technologies. It seems that blockchain technology is not originally a new technology, but the integration of existing computer technologies such as distributed storage, asymmetric encryption, and consensus algorithms to achieve this great invention.

Some people may say that BIM forward design has not yet become popular in my country’s construction industry, and 4D and 5D digital construction management based on BIM have only begun to become popular. At this time, we should explore the smart construction of blockchain technology + BIM Is it too early?

What I want to say is,

The concept of BIM was proposed as early as 1975 by Dr. Chuck Eastman of Georgia Institute of Technology in the United States. In 2002, Autodesk officially proposed the BIM concept and technology. 3D visualization has developed to today's 8D concept.

Blockchain technology was also proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto as early as 2008. In addition to digital currency, it has also been widely used in other non-digital currency fields.

Just like artificial intelligence technology,

It was first proposed by computer expert John McCarthy in 1956, but it has been limited by computer technology and hardware and has stagnated until the ImageNET challenge in 2012. The accuracy of visual recognition in the game has reached more than 95%, surpassing the limits of the human eye. After breaking through the limitations of computer hardware and technology, the application of artificial intelligence technology has ushered in a big explosion. Only in recent years have we had beauty cameras, voice cameras in our mobile phones. There is a concentrated explosion of life applications such as identification and intelligent push.

Therefore, before any technology breaks out in large-scale applications, energy has been accumulating. This is a necessary process. On the one hand, it may be due to technology and hardware limitations, and another very important reason is that too few people understand and participate. Once everyone understands and masters it, this explosive power will naturally flourish.

Just like we keep blowing up a balloon, one day it will explode.

If you are also interested in blockchain applications, search the WeChat public account "Candy Chain Notes" and let's move forward together.

⑹ When blockchain meets cloud computing, what will the world become?

Blockchain meets cloud computing Cloud computing is like a fish meeting water. The world will open a new door and human civilization will advance further. Clouds are like dots, and clouds are like dots, which eventually converge into the sky. Chains are likeThe connection will not be broken, and the clouds can be closely connected. The combination of the two forms a huge data sharing platform.

1. The principle of cloud computing is fractional computing, which decomposes huge data calculation processing programs into countless small programs, and then returns these data processing results to the user. A huge computing project is directly handed over to Cloud computing saves users time and energy; blockchain is a new application model such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc. It is also a docking and storage node, and its functions are similar to those of cloud computing. Complementing each other, the birth of these two major technologies in the information age will definitely shock the world.

⑺ What does bim’s 3d 4d 5d 6d mean?

1. Design visualization-3D

3D building Models possess valuable intuitiveness. Professional software such as Revit can express a wealth of architectural details that engineers who are used to looking at floor plans cannot imagine, and the convenience it brings to work cannot be underestimated.

2. Energy consumption analysis, life cycle simulation-5D

BIM standards can also exchange data with energy consumption software to analyze the building’s energy consumption system. For example, it can perform load simulation, system simulation, equipment simulation, and economic simulation. This method is much more efficient and faster than traditional energy consumption analysis. Engineers can use Energy Plus or similar software to calculate energy consumption costs without a professional background. Data from most professional software can be imported into each other, so it is also feasible to conduct physical simulations of factors such as wind environment, light environment, acoustic environment, and people flow in buildings.

3. Sustainable design-3D

Traditional 2D design often only focuses on the building space structure, but with the support of BIM technology, designers can Data such as temperature, ventilation, lighting, and crowd flow predictions are imported for simulation and the optimal solution is obtained. There is no need to verify or adjust later - this is impossible with flat software. The speed of project delivery has increased and buildings have become greener. Especially now that the proportion of energy waste in the construction industry is huge, sustainable design is very important.

4. Overall progress planning-4D

In the past, construction progress was usually finalized by technical staff or management, which easily led to information gaps among lower-level personnel. Nowadays, if you want to obtain a more efficient construction plan, professional construction personnel should be involved during the design stage. Because an excellent BIM design model requires front-line experience and knowledge to be adjusted, it can greatly shorten the technical preparation time in the early stage of construction and help personnel at all levels gain a higher level of understanding of design intentions and construction plans. Commonly used software include Timeliner, etc.

5. Cost budget, project quantity estimation-5D

RevitSuch software includes all computable building information: structural analysis, MEP system modeling, energy consumption analysis, specification management, etc. The amount of information required to calculate cost is often huge. In the past, manual calculation not only took a long time, but also had low accuracy. If BIM technology is used instead, the time cost will benefit many parties including the construction party, supervisors, estimators and customers. The same applies to project quantity estimation. Automated measurement saves time and effort, and the forecast of the construction period is more accurate. The cost can also be calculated at the design stage to better cater to Party A's requirements and interests.

6. Construction warranty, facility management, and completion information-6D

Finally, there are multiple parties of information that the BIM system can include, including manufacturer price information, completion model, maintenance information, and construction Detailed drawings of staged installations cannot be missing. For example, Autodesk's FMDesktop is specifically designed to serve the establishment of electromechanical facility management systems.

⑻ Why does the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development carry out green construction pilot projects in many places with the support of blockchain and other technologies?

According to news from the General Office of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, it has decided to carry out green construction pilot projects in Hunan and Guangdong provinces. Shenzhen City and Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province have launched green construction pilot projects. Pilot areas should vigorously promote the integrated application of BIM technology in the design, production, and construction phases of pilot projects, and use 5G, Internet of Things, blockchain, artificial intelligence and other technologies as support to promote the application of intelligent equipment such as smart construction sites and construction robots. Achieve project quality traceability, improve project quality and management efficiency, and enhance the level of construction informatization. With the continuous development of information technology, the world has officially entered the digital era. Under the wave of digitalization, more and more enterprises have joined the team of digital transformation. How to effectively ensure data security will become the core competitiveness of this era.

Blockchain has significant advantages such as decentralization, distributed accounting, and encrypted traceability, which can well ensure the integrity and authenticity of on-chain data. Once it has been tampered with or forged, it can be discovered. At the same time, because the blockchain has the characteristics of distributed accounting, even if the data on individual nodes is deleted, other nodes can still completely save the data, ensuring the integrity of the entire blockchain certification system. normal operation. Based on the above advantages, blockchain is naturally suitable for electronic data storage. The introduction of blockchain certificate storage can effectively solve the authenticity and legality issues of electronic evidence, making the electronic data certificate storage process more trustworthy.

After the Reform Commission incorporated blockchain into new infrastructure, the country ushered in a blockchain policy boom. The central and local governments have promulgated blockchain-related policies and regarded blockchain as a new economic and technological field. The main breakthrough is to build future strategic competitive advantages, and the related application scenarios of blockchain are hot. The deep integration of blockchain and industry is the embodiment of maximizing the use of blockchain. Since 2014, Yibaoquan has begun to delve into the underlying technology research and development and application innovation of blockchain from an industrial perspective. Based on blockchain electronic data storage and preservation, it has launched the gentleman's signature and district signature in the field of blockchain electronic contracting. Blockchain intellectual property protectionThere are many brands such as micro-copyright in the field of blockchain and Zhongzhengbao in the blockchain Internet judicial field.

⑼ How to define blockchain and what are the application scenarios of blockchain?

Nowadays, many people think that blockchain is a universal technology that can do anything, which is somewhat different. Blockchain technology is a myth!
Regarding the definition of blockchain technology, American scholar Melanie Swann defined blockchain technology as an open, transparent and decentralized technology in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction" database.

Definition of Blockchain: Narrow VS Broad

As for the application scenarios of blockchain technology, it is natural to combine the differences between blockchain and other technologies. In terms of system characteristics.

Blockchain technology features include:

Blockchain is a global A database storage system that can be operated collaboratively in various places is different from traditional database operations where read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (a characteristic of centralization). Blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate. Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once joined, the node enjoys exactly the same rights as all other nodes and obligations (decentralized, distributed characteristics).

At the same time, those who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system. In the end, all nodes around the world will complete the process again and again according to a certain mechanism. Synchronize in sequence to achieve complete consistency of data in all nodes in the blockchain network.

At the beginning of this year, the term blockchain began to enter everyone’s lives. From national leaders to aunts who dance square dances, everyone knows this term. This term is widely known by Bit Brought by coins.

As we all know, the first few dozen bitcoins could only be exchanged for one pizza. At its peak, it was worth more than 20,000 US dollars, which has skyrocketed by more than a thousand times. This has also benefited a large number of wealthy people. Currently, there are blockchain The virtual currency generated by technology is gradually entering everyone's life, and many people have joined the ranks of currency speculation. I often hear people say that if you buy the right currency a hundred times, a bicycle will become a sports car, and one coin will turn a young model. You can imagine how many of them are involved. Attractive.

Since 2008, various games applying blockchain technology have also become popular, such as development games (Network Letts Dog, 360 Block Cat), mining games (NetEase Planet, Virtual Earth, Gongxinbao), these are attracting everyone to join in the name of blockchain, and of course there are some that are really reliable, which requires everyone to identify them carefully.

Blockchain is aA distributed ledger (database) technology that connects data blocks in an orderly manner and cryptographically ensures that they cannot be tampered with or forged. In layman's terms, blockchain technology can achieve openness, transparency, non-tampering, non-forgery, and traceability of all data information in the system without the need for third-party endorsement. As an underlying protocol or technical solution, blockchain can effectively solve the problem of trust and realize the free transfer of value. It has broad prospects in the fields of digital currency, financial asset transaction settlement, digital government affairs, and certificate deposit and anti-counterfeiting data services.

Digital currency

After experiencing physical objects, precious metals, banknotes and other forms, digital currency has become the development direction of the digital economy era. Compared with physical currency, digital currency has the characteristics of easy portability and storage, low circulation cost, convenient use, easy anti-counterfeiting and management, breaking geographical restrictions, and better integration.

Bitcoin technically implements an electronic cash system in which both parties to the transaction can directly transfer funds to each other without the need for third-party transfer or arbitration. In June 2019, the Internet giant Facebook also released a white paper on its cryptocurrency Libra. Whether it is Bitcoin or Libra, the underlying technology they rely on is blockchain technology.

my country began the development of central bank digital currency as early as 2014. my country's digital currency DC/EP adopts a two-tier operating system: the central bank does not directly issue digital currency to the public. Instead, the central bank redeems the digital currency to various commercial banks or other legal operating institutions, and then these institutions exchange it for public supply. its use. In early August 2019, the central bank held a video conference on work for the second half of the year. The meeting called for accelerating the pace of research and development of the national legal digital currency.

Financial asset transaction settlement

Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes, and it is causing disruptive changes in the financial industry. In terms of payment and settlement, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, multiple market participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time. Payment, clearing, and settlement that currently take two or three days can be completed in just a few minutes. tasks, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and safe. Regulators can easily track on-chain transactions and quickly locate high-risk capital flows. In terms of securities issuance transactions, traditional stock issuance processes are long, costly and complex. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish a fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channel. Issuers handle issuance on their own through smart contracts, and regulatory authorities With unified review and verification, investors can also bypass intermediaries and conduct direct operations. In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Block basedUsing chain technology, we can establish an alliance chain network covering core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. The core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers to their suppliers, and the bills can be transferred between suppliers after being digitized on the chain. , each level of supplier can achieve the corresponding amount of financing with the digital bill certificate.

Digital Government Affairs

Blockchain can make data run and greatly streamline the service process. The distributed technology of blockchain can allow government departments to be centralized on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts. As long as the service personnel pass the identity authentication and electronic signature in one department, the smart contracts can be automatically processed and transferred, and the subsequent steps can be completed in sequence. All approvals and signatures. Blockchain invoice is the earliest application of domestic blockchain technology. The tax department launched the "Tax Chain" platform for blockchain electronic invoices. The tax department, the issuer, and the payee join the "Tax Chain" network through unique digital identities, truly realizing "instant invoicing for transactions" and "instant reimbursement after invoicing" - in seconds Level invoicing and minute-level reimbursement accounting greatly reduce tax collection and management costs, and effectively solve problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one ticket, and tax evasion. Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Utilize the characteristics of openness, transparency, traceability, and non-tampering of blockchain technology to achieve transparent use, precise investment, and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.

Evidence-based anti-counterfeiting

Blockchain can prove the existence of a file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamps, and it is open, non-tamperable, and traceable. It provides perfect solutions for judicial forensics, identity certification, property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, etc. In the field of intellectual property, the digital signature of blockchain technology and on-chain certificates can confirm the rights of text, pictures, audio and video, etc., and create and execute transactions through smart contracts, allowing creators to regain pricing power and preserve data formation in real time. The evidence chain covers the three major scenarios of rights confirmation, transaction and rights protection. In the field of anti-counterfeiting and traceability, blockchain technology can be widely used in various fields such as food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, and luxury goods through supply chain tracking.

Data services

Blockchain technology will greatly optimize existing big data applications and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing. In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will generate massive amounts of data. The existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges. Edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for all data applications such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. Finally, blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculations while protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data islands" and realize the value of data circulation. In response to the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and application needs of general business users, many traditional cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("area"Blockchain as a Service") solution. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce the cost of enterprise blockchain deployment and promote the implementation of blockchain application scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also be used in charity, insurance, energy, Logistics, Internet of Things and many other fields play an important role.

The three words "blockchain" were completely ignited during the Spring Festival that just passed, and the limelight overshadowed everything. Some people say that this is the arrival of a new era, and the past has become classic. Others say that everything is hype and ultimately a bubble.

In fact, blockchain Technology is not a new concept. It has been applied to many industries in the past two years, such as electronic signatures. Recently, the third-party electronic signature platform eSignBao revealed the latest progress of blockchain applications to NewSeed .

At present, blockchain technology is mainly used in e-signing products for certificate deposit and certificate issuance. The application scenarios include copyright protection, online Signing contracts, web page evidence collection, phone recordings, email evidence storage, etc.

Taking the rights protection of online works as an example, since Internet rights protection generally adopts the method of post-event evidence collection, there is no Real-time confirmation of ownership is carried out during the generation of evidence, so the entire confirmation process takes a long time, is difficult and costly to collect, and is extremely difficult to prove and trace the source. It cannot meet the characteristics of rapid dissemination and large quantity of online works.

eShanbao's new intellectual property protection solution based on timestamp + blockchain starts from the user's real-name authentication, and solidifies the electronic data generated in the process in real time, and Through the time source service synchronized with the National Time Service Center, online works are stamped with legally valid timestamps to prove that electronic files have not been tampered with in a certain period of time. Blockchain technology can establish point-to-point trust in the network, It ensures that all blockchain nodes can record complete copyright confirmation and transaction records, and can trace their origins, truly realizing anti-repudiation and anti-tampering, and realizing a distributed trust infrastructure.

Founder and CEO Jin Hongzhou believes that the application of decentralized blockchain technology has greatly improved the efficiency of data storage and certificate issuance, as well as the credibility of the identity of the parties, and reduced the The cost of trust cannot replace the original centralized public key encryption technology. The two should complement each other. Through the combination of the two, users can be provided with real-time and reliable confirmation solutions.

Next, e-Shanbao will also focus on building a smart contract platform based on blockchain technology. Jin Hongzhou said that data storage and certification are only based on The relatively superficial application of blockchain technology is the first step to realize the implementation of blockchain technology, and to achieve trueSmart contracts are the second step. "Smart contracts cannot simply be understood as electronic contracts. They refer to a process, from the conclusion of the contract to the confirmation to the final execution." Jin Hongzhou explained.

From a technical perspective, blockchain is not a brand-new technology, but a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, and smart contracts. Specifically, blockchain technology is a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database in a decentralized, high-trust manner.

Due to its advantages such as "decentralization", "distributed data storage", "traceability", "anti-tampering", and "openness and transparency", blockchain technology can effectively solve data problems. By establishing a trustworthy data management environment, we can prevent and avoid various data management problems such as data fraud, tampering, and loss, and promote the efficient sharing and application of data. In the process of practice and exploration, the application scope of blockchain technology continues to expand, especially in the field of public resource transactions, and continues to empower public resource transaction management services.

Facilitate transaction data sharing and transaction witnessing

Facilitate transaction data Share

Currently, the data of different trading centers are not interoperable, and the subject information of different trading centers needs to be entered repeatedly. It is difficult to verify the off-site performance provided by the bidders during the bid evaluation process. It is difficult to troubleshoot the same person repeatedly serving as project manager. Issues such as low cost of breach of trust. Establishing a cross-regional subject database based on blockchain can well alleviate the above problems.

The distributed ledger feature based on the blockchain can effectively ensure the real-time or quasi-real-time sharing of data, and can reduce the repeated entry of subject information; the use of blockchain information that cannot be tampered with can ensure the data circulation process on the chain. The authenticity of the bidders in the regional alliance is directly obtained from the on-chain data, making it impossible to hide the fake performance. At the same time, the sharing of bidding behavior data through the blockchain provides a data basis for the development of "joint punishment of dishonest enterprises".

Blockchain-based transaction witness

"Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Integration and Sharing of Public Resource Trading Platforms" ( The State Office Letter [2019] No. 41) pointed out the need to optimize services such as witnessing, venues, information, files, and expert extraction. However, at present, public resource transaction process witnessing is mainly based on manual on-site witnessing, which has limited witnessing intensity, high occupation of human resources, and limited witnessing effect. Due to its centralized characteristics, the traditional digital witness system is prone to data tampering, and the data is easily damaged or lost during the storage and migration process, which has certain flaws in terms of security and usability.

Utilize the distributed, difficult to tamper, and traceable characteristics of the blockchain to generate information on each transaction link.The generated data is solidified and stored as evidence, and the time, content and data source of data generation are accurately recorded through time stamp technology, summary algorithm, and electronic signature technology. According to the technical characteristics of the blockchain, simple structured data can be directly saved on the blockchain. For unstructured layout files, videos, audio and other large files, the summary information and original files can be saved through the blockchain. Save via a distributed file storage service. When there are disputes or problems in a transaction, the blockchain can provide a set of credible transaction process data and clarify the responsibilities of all parties involved in the transaction. Achieve the goals of risk prevention and control in all aspects, traceability of the entire process, and improvement of all-round services.

Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

Promote financial services and corporate financing for bidding companies

Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

At present, electronic bidding deposit guarantee letters have certain applications in the field of bidding, solving the problem of bidding deposit funds for bidding companies. Occupancy issues. However, because financial institutions currently do not have reliable historical bidding behavior data of bidders, they are unable to judge the default risks of different bidders. As a result, the guarantee services charged to bidders adopt fixed rates, which makes a small number of bids with high default risks The cost of personal guarantee is allocated to most bidders with low default risk, which increases the guarantee rates for most bidders to a certain extent.

At present, it is up to the bidder to choose whether to use an electronic letter of guarantee, and the rate is the main choice basis for the bidder. If the bidder performance records are shared through the blockchain and the performance risks of different bidders are analyzed, it will be Different bidders provide different guarantee rates, which not only reduces the risks of financial institutions, but also reduces the use costs of most bidders and promotes the use of bid guarantees. To a certain extent, it can also encourage bidders to abide by their promises and maintain the order of the bidding market. .

Promote financial services for bidding companies

The bidding behavior of bidders is scattered in various trading centers, and the data is simply aggregated In a centralized information system, there is a risk of data tampering (untrustworthy), and valuable bidder transaction behavior data cannot be gathered and shared safely and reliably. Through blockchain technology, bidders from multiple trading centers are gathered, and historical bidding, winning bids, defaults, violations and other behavioral records provide data support for financial institutions to evaluate the bidders' credit in the bidding sub-sector.

Solve the financing problems of successful bidders

Traditional corporate loans mainly evaluate the company's solvency: collateral, audit There are requirements for accurate financial statements and sustainable profits, but most small and medium-sized enterprises cannot provide these "certificates"."Financing difficulties and expensive financing have become problems faced by many small and medium-sized enterprises in bidding activities. Using the past methods is no longer feasible. To solve the problem of financing difficulties for small and medium-sized enterprises, we can only rely on new technologies and new tools. Blockchain cannot be used It has the characteristics of tampering, gathering first-hand business data from multiple trading centers, and combining it with big data analysis technology to build a portrait of a credible bidder. On the one hand, it improves the risk control level of financial institutions and discovers high-quality bidders. On the other hand, it lowers the loan threshold for bidders. Optimize the service experience.

Drawing on the supply chain finance model, the bidder is a core enterprise with good credit in government departments and national enterprises and institutions. The winning contract obtained by the winning bidder as a supplier is considered by financial institutions to be a Apply for a loan from a financial institution as a high-quality asset. In the traditional paper-based model, there is the risk of order and contract fraud and the process is cumbersome, and the centralized information system requires the operator to have strong authority. The distributed ledger of the blockchain is difficult to tamper with The characteristics will help to solve the above problems. The contract signing between the tenderer and the bidder and the subsequent financial service links will be realized on the blockchain, which not only solves the problem of data credibility but also reduces the entire system's dependence on centralized authoritative institutions. .

Through further analysis, we found that credit sales are currently prevalent among domestic enterprises, and the upstream suppliers of the winning bidder have a large funding gap. The credit of the bidder can only be passed to the winning bidder (the winning contract cannot be split or transferred), and the upstream supplier cannot be split or transferred. Suppliers cannot obtain high-quality loans from financial institutions. If the winning contract is converted into an on-chain "pass", the "pass" can be split, and the winning bidder holding the "pass" can pay part or all of the voucher to the upstream supplier suppliers, enabling discounts and financing. The "tokens" on the chain can be split and transferred from first-level suppliers to second-level (and multi-level) suppliers, thereby allowing the credit of core enterprises to be transferred to multi-level suppliers. Supply due to credit sales The shortage of business funds has been solved, improving the business environment; value transfer through the blockchain has greatly shortened the financing cycle; reducing supplier loan costs will help reduce the production costs of raw materials or intermediate products, and ultimately increase the bidder's profits space and indirectly reduce the cost of the tenderer.

Regarding blockchain, we can imagine it as a decentralized management model and technical processing method.

Let me give you an example. There are five people in your family, and they have never been very good at arranging work and handling family relationships.

So, Your whole family can discuss it together and simply use voting to solve the problem.

Then this way of voting to solve the problem can be called the most elementary blockchain.

Decentralization, Solve the problem.

What application scenarios can blockchain have?

In fact, many of our families and many organizations use blockchain management every day

However, this kind of blockchain application for organizational relationships cannot generate economicvalue.

What are the economic applications of blockchain?

The first type is used for tax deposit certificates, bank transfers, etc.

Make full use of the traceability function of the blockchain so that all records can be retrieved and queried at any time

The second type is applied to enterprise operation and management

Enterprises using blockchain management can better solve the problems of enterprise development and allow enterprises to Able to develop faster and make more money.

Summary: The application scenarios of blockchain include taxation, bank transfers, etc., and can also be applied to business operations.

The characteristics of blockchain are distributed accounting and decentralization, but the ultimate goal is to make people get along more equally. Technology is meaningful only when it serves human values, and technology that meets human value needs will develop. Therefore, blockchain is in line with human pursuit of freedom and equality, so its trend to become mainstream is unstoppable.

Currently, there are many blockchain gimmicks, which are basically used to issue coins. The newly launched ono is a decentralized, free and global social platform. Due to decentralization, your chat communication information is peer-to-peer and cannot be viewed by others. In other words, your every word and deed will no longer be recorded and reviewed at any time like it is now on WeChat, QQ, and Facebook, freeing you from the trouble of surveillance.

In fact, blockchain technology can be used in any field. Information that previously required third-party confirmation can be completed online and confirmed at multiple nodes, making it difficult (almost impossible) to delete.

At present, blockchain is still in its infancy, and the technology is not mature enough, but it is also a better time to enter.

Blockchain is a decentralized technology. Blockchain can be applied to all products currently covered by the Internet.

The most popular application industry at present is the financial industry.

An application that has been implemented is product traceability. Alibaba and JD.com are already using blockchain technology to fully trace the origin of some of the products they sell. Consumers can trace the origin of the purchased products. There are also many blockchain applications in the digital advertising industry. Since digital advertising traffic fraud causes losses of tens of billions of dollars every year, there are already blockchain application projects based on digital advertising, such as DCAD, which is based on blockchain. The digital advertising application of blockchain technology mainly solves the problem of traffic fraud

In the future, as the application of blockchain technology becomes more mature, it will be applied in many industries, creating a new ecosystem based on technological trust. Mode

What is blockchain

If you explain blockchain in non-technical terms, blockchain is a place where data is stored. However, the data stored in the blockchain is safe and reliable and does not need to be managed by anyone. soIn the Internet, a place where data and information are exploding, having such a place would be like a magical treasure.

What can the blockchain do?

If you ask what the blockchain can do, it is better to say what applications require the use of the blockchain. As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a safe place, so wherever data needs to be protected securely on the Internet, blockchain technology needs to be used. For example:

Because the use of blockchain technology can better protect the data of policyholders, in today’s Internet, data is value and wealth, so value protection and value transmission are the future development directions of the Internet. And blockchain technology can really do just that.

If there are any deficiencies, you are welcome to comment and correct me.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.

The two parties involved in the transaction do not need to know who the other party is, nor do they need a third party for trust endorsement. They only need to trust a common algorithm to establish mutual trust and conduct direct transactions.

Its characteristics are trustlessness and decentralization. The destruction of each node's ledger has no impact on the entire blockchain. The blockchain runs point-to-point payments without a center that may cheat, and the security is greatly improved. Improved, the entire transaction network has changed from a star structure to a point-to-point P2P structure.

In the future, blockchain will be used in many fields and will have a great impact on human life. . It can be widely used in fields ranging from digital currency to securities and financial contracts, medical care, games, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, Internet of Things, e-commerce, file storage and other fields.

1. Cloud storage

This is the statistics of current cloud storage on the Internet. In terms of volume, Google has the largest volume, which is 8,000PB. So what if we share the idle data on the Internet?

Starlight Cloud builds a blockchain data computing and storage lake through Starlight Chain, with a total storage capacity of 15,000P (approximately 15.72864 billion G) in the future. This will be more than 10 times that of Alibaba Cloud's 1500PB! It is also more than four times the size of the Taizhou Storage Center, the largest storage lake in the world after expansion.

2. Medical aspects

Using blockchain technology to save personal medical records also retains personal medical historical data, which can be used when seeing a doctor or planning for your own health in the future. Historical data can be called directly. These data are highly private, and the use of blockchain technology also helps protect patient privacy.